英语里面的委婉语
英语中委婉语气的表达法
英语中委婉语气的表达法在每一个民族的语言里，或多或少有些关于更礼貌更客气的表达方法，也就是委婉语气表达（ overtone of politeness）。
西方人的委婉更是出了名的，英语学习者经过长期的英语学习和研究不难发现英语中有许多婉转口气的表达法，它使听话者觉得说话者更有涵养或更容易接受其内容，也使自己显得更有教养。
那么如何讲有礼貌的英语呢？下面就用一些例子对此做一些阐述。
1 有关请求和命令的婉转说法这一类言语行为在不同程度上具有冒犯性，因此需要用礼貌的话把它淡化和缓解。
试比较：● Pass the water.(不礼貌 )● Pass the water, please.（使对方容易接受。
）● Would you pass the water?（试探受话人是否乐意）● Could your possibly pass the water?（询问受话人是否有做某事的可能性，很客气）● I would be extremely grateful if your would pass the water.（假设语气陈述句，很有礼貌）● I wonder if you would be good enough to pass the water.（假设语气，很委婉）受话人如何给对方答复，现分肯定回答和否定回答来研究。
肯定回答：按礼貌程度由低到高排列。
● O.K.● (Yes,) certainly.● Yes, by all means.● Of course. I'll be only too pleased to.否定回答：当你被别人邀请参加聚会或其他等等活动而你因有事不能参加；或者人家有事相求你又确实帮不了，请求得不到满足，回答使发话人不悦，这时你不妨试试下面这些软否定：No, I'm afraid I can't; Well, I'd love to, but actually, I'm afraid I can't at present because...; I wish I could, but...; I'd love to, but...; I'd be glad to, but...; I'm afraid not, ...; It's very kind of you to say, but ...; I'd like to ..., but ...，etc. 让我们用一些对话做为例子 :● A: We plan to go to the beach after class, want to come?B: I'd love to, but Pro. Jones wants to speak with me.● A: It never fails, It's raining hard outside and I'm stuck without an umbrella.B: I'd like to let you have mine, but I have to go out soon.● A: Will you go to the movies with me tonight?B: I'd love to, but I've caught a cold.● A: Could you possibly do me a favor?B: Sure, What is it?A: I've got a problem. I have to fix my table and I don't have a hammer. Could I possibly borrow yours? B: I'm sorry. I'm afraid I don't have one.A: Oh .Do you know anybody who does?B: Yes. You should call Charlie. I'm sure he'll be happy to lend you his.A: Thank you. I'll call him right away.● A: It's such a fine day, shall we go to the park for a walk?B: I'd like to join you, but I find it chilly to walk outside in spite of the sun.2 劝告的婉转法试比较下面句子（按从直截了当到较有礼貌的含蓄的劝告表达法排列）● You ought to type this paper.(有强加于人的意向 )● You really should slow down at your office.● You'd better tell him the truth.● I'd advise you to take a vacation.● You should take your parents' advice, they know what's best for you.● If I were you , I'd buy another car without hesitation.（含蓄地达到劝告目的）3 建议的表达法试比较：● I suggest you go for some advice.(不够礼貌，用于熟悉的人 )● I would suggest starting the work at once.（较委婉）● You can read the novel now if you like.（给人选择余地，较客气）● You could/might have a look at the novel.（客气）● Why not call me next weekend?（有礼貌的建议）● Why don't you find a decent job?（同 5））● Can /may/Could/might I suggest that...?（使受话人容易接受）● It would be better if you copy that again.（假设条件句，容易使人接受）● I wonder if I might make the suggestion that...（用在正式场合，比如外交家的审慎的辞令风格）4 如何利用某些时态婉转地表达自己种种想法从上面所举例子，我们不难发现英语中有些时态其实并不表示真正的时态，而是与英语中的委婉语气密不可分的，例如：4.1 某些实意动词（ want, wonder, think, hope等）的过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时表现在时比直接用现在时态更婉转，如：● A: Did you want me?B: Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help.● It's time you had a holiday.● I wish you lived closer to us.● If only you lent your book to me.● I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.● I'm wondering if I may have a word with you.● I was wondering /wondered if you'd like to come out with me one evening.● I was hoping / hoped you could send me some books.上面所举例子实际上都可以用一般现在时来代替，但是就不如用一般过去时；现在进行时或过去进行时委婉。
英语对话中常用委婉表达句子
英语对话中常用委婉表达句子1. 英语中的委婉语优雅骂人： 1. Stop complaining！别发牢骚！2. You make me sick！你真让我恶心！3. What's wrong with you？你怎么回事？4. You shouldn't have done that！你真不应该那样做！5. You're a jerk！你是个废物/混球！6. Don't talk to me like that！别那样和我说话！7. Who do you think you are？你以为你是谁？8. What's your problem？你怎么回事啊？9. I hate you！我讨厌你！10. I don't want to see your face！我不愿再见到你！ 11. You're crazy！你疯了！12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind？你疯了吗？（美国人绝对常用！）13. Don't bother me. 别烦我。
14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。
15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失！16. Leave me alone. 走开。
17. Get lost.滚开！18. Take a hike！哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。
19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。
20. It's none of your business. 关你屁事！21. What's the meaning of this？这是什么意思？22. How dare you！你敢！23. Cut it out. 省省吧。
24. You stupid jerk！你这蠢猪！25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。
26. I'm fed up. 我厌倦了。
英语中的委婉语
英语中的委婉语英文euphemism（委婉语）一词系源自希腊语。
词头"eu-"的意思是"good"（好），词干"phemism"的意思是"speech"（言语），整个字面意义是"word of good omen"（吉言）或（好的说法）。
一般认为，凡是表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或动听的言词，均在委婉语之列。
英语委婉语一般可分成两大类：传统委婉语（traditional euphemisms)和文体委婉语stylistic euphemisms。
所谓传统委婉语亦称是与禁忌语密切相关的。
象生、病、死、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌事物，如果直接表达，那就是禁忌语，给人的感觉是粗鄙，生硬，刺耳，无礼。
反之，如果间接表达，这就是委婉语，给人的印象是典雅，含蓄，中听，有礼。
所谓文体委婉语，亦称实际上是恭维话、溢美之词，与禁忌语并无关系。
英、美人（尤其是当代美国人）在交际过程中，为了表示礼貌，为了避免刺激，或是为了争取合作，有时会采用夸饰的手法，对一些令人不快的事物以美言相称。
英语委婉语的构成方法各种各样，丰富多彩。
一般可分为下面几种类型：构词手段，拼写手段，词汇手段，语法手段和修辞手段等。
（1）合词法（compounding)：如：gezudna(goes+under+“床下放”，即夜壶）。
（2）反成法(backformation)：反成法是通过删除假想中的词缀来构成委婉词。
由于这种构词法产词是不大，所以造出的词大多新颖别致，用来代替常见的敏感词，也能收到委婉的效果。
如：bugle（盗窃，由burglar[夜盗]盗删去“词尾”而成，用以替代。
（3）首字母组合法(acronym)：首字母组合法是将禁忌词语或敏感词语的第一个字母抽出来拼合在一起借以掩饰。
如：BM(bowel movement,大便）the Big C (癌症）（4）截短法(clipping)：截短法是将一些词语斩头去尾以掩饰。
英语语言文化中的委婉语
英语语言文化中的委婉语
1. Could you possibly... (可能你能...)
2. Would you mind... (你介意...)
3. I was wondering if... (我想知道是否...)
4. Perhaps we could consider... (也许我们可以考虑...)
5. It might be better if... (如果...可能会更好)
6. If it's not too much trouble... (如果不太麻烦的话)
7. I'm sorry, but I'm afraid I can't... (对不起，但恐怕我不能...)
8. I don't want to be a bother, but... (我不想麻烦你，但...)
9. I hope you don't mind if... (希望你不介意如果...)
10. It would be appreciated if... (如果...会受到感激)
11. I'm sorry to trouble you, but... (很抱歉麻烦你，但...)
12. If it's not too much to ask... (如果不过分的话...)
13. I was wondering whether you could... (我在想你是否能...)
14. Excuse me, but would it be possible to... (请问可否...)
15. I would be grateful if... (如果...我会感激不尽)。
英语委婉语的例子30个
英语委婉语的例子30个1. "I'm afraid I have to decline your invitation." (拒绝邀请)2. "It's not quite what I had in mind." (不是我的想法)3. "I'm not sure if I can make it." (不确定我能否参加)4. "I'm sorry, but I have other commitments." (我很抱歉，但我有其他约定)5. "Perhaps we can revisit this at a later time?" (也许我们可以稍后再考虑这个问题?)6. "I think I need to pass on this opportunity." (我认为我需要放弃这个机会)7. "I don't feel comfortable discussing this." (我不觉得讨论这个话题舒服)8. "I'm not really interested in pursuing this further." (我真的不太想再深入探讨这个问题)9. "It's not exactly what I had in mind." (并不完全符合我的想法)10. "I appreciate your offer, but I think I'll have to decline." (谢谢你的提议，但我想我必须拒绝)11. "I'm not sure if I'm the best person for the job." (我不确定我是否是最适合的人选)12. "I think I'll have to pass on this one." (我想我得拒绝这个)13. "I regret to say that I won't be able to attend." (很遗憾，我不能参加)14. "I'm not really comfortable with this situation." (我对这种情况并不感到舒适)15. "I'm afraid I can't help you with that." (很抱歉，我无法帮你处理这个)16. "I'm not quite ready to commit to that yet." (我还没准备好承诺)17. "I'm not sure that's the best approach." (我不确定那是最好的方法)18. "I don't think this is a good fit for me." (我觉得这不适合我)19. "I'm sorry, I can't make it." (对不起，我不能来)20. "I'd rather not discuss that." (我宁愿不讨论那个)21. "I'm not really looking for a change at the moment." (我现在并不是真的想要改变)22. "I don't think that's a good idea." (我不认为那是个好主意)23. "I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that." (恐怕我必须在这个问题上与你不同意)24. "I may have to decline this offer." (我可能不得不拒绝这个提议)25. "I'm afraid I can't commit to that right now." (我恐怕现在不能承诺)26. "I'm not really comfortable with the terms." (我不太满意这些条款)27. "I'm afraid I don't have the time for that." (恐怕我没有时间做那个)28. "I don't think that's quite what I had in mind." (我认为那不是我想要的)29. "I'm not really sure what to think about this." (我不是很确定怎么看待这个)30. "I'm afraid I can't provide you with what you're asking for." (恐怕我不能提供你所要求的东西)。
英语委婉语的例子经典
英语委婉语的例子经典1. "I'm afraid that won't be possible." (我恐怕这不太可能。
)2. "Perhaps we could explore some other options." (或许我们可以考虑其他的选择。
)3. "I'm sorry, but that's not quite what I had in mind." (很抱歉，但那不是我想要的。
)4. "I'm not sure that's the best approach." (我不确定那是最好的方式。
)5. "It sounds like we have some differences in opinion." (听起来我们在看法上有些不同。
)6. "I appreciate your input, but I'll need some more time to consider it." (感谢你的建议，但我需要更多时间来考虑它。
)7. "It's not that I don't trust you, but I prefer to err on the side of caution." (不是我不信任你，但我更倾向于谨慎小心。
)8. "I'm sorry, but I'm going to have to decline your invitation." (很抱歉，但我必须拒绝你的邀请。
)9. "I'd love to help, but I'm afraid I'm not available right now." (我很想帮忙，但我恐怕现在没有时间。
英汉委婉语对比与翻译
英汉委婉语对比与翻译在日常生活中，为了避免直接表达某些事情而产生不必要的尴尬或者伤害，人们常常使用委婉语。
英语和汉语都有许多常见的委婉语，虽然表达方式不同，但背后的意思却大致相同。
一、拒绝邀请/请求英语中常用的委婉语有：1. Thank you for the invitation, but I won’t be able to make it.（谢谢你的邀请，但是我无法前往。
）2. I appreciate the offer, but I have to decline.（我感谢您的提议，但我必须婉言谢绝。
）3. I’m afraid I have other plans.（恐怕我有其他的安排。
）而汉语中则有：1. 不太方便。
（I am not convenient）2. 有点忙。
（I am a little busy）3. 后会有期。
（Catch up later）二、拒绝求助英语中的常用委婉语有：1. I’d love to help, but unfortunately I’m tied up at the moment.（我很想帮忙，但目前很忙。
）2. I’m sorry, I don’t think I can be of much help in this case.（抱歉，我觉得我对这个事情没有什么帮助。
）3. I appreciate your asking me, but I don’t think I’m the right person to help you.（感谢你向我求助，但我认为我不是合适的人选。
）而汉语中则有：1. 实在抱歉。
（I am really sorry）2. 我没有时间。
（I don't have the time）3. 非常抱歉，我不能帮您。
（I'm terribly sorry, I cannot help you.）三、让对方不要打扰英语中常用的委婉语有：1. I’m sorry, I’m not feeling well, so I need to rest.（抱歉，我不太舒服，需要休息。
英语委婉语
(1)英语中委婉语(一)有关“死亡”的委婉语人们生活中最忌讳的就是死亡，因此语言禁忌中关于死亡的委婉语大量存在。
如：pass away(逝世)，be no more(不在了)，depart(去世)，be gone(走了)，join the majority(会见老祖宗去了)，go to west(归西了)，go to glory(升天了)，go to meet one maker(见上帝)，to be at peace(平静了)，the final departure(最后离去)，final sleep(最后一觉)，to go to one S long home(回到永久之家)，to have found rest(得到安息)，in heaven(在天堂)，with God(和上帝在一起)等。
与之相对，汉语中有：“去世了”“仙逝了”，“到极乐世界去了”，“逝世”，“谢世”“过世”，“下世”，“不在了”，“走了”，“过去了”，“离开了我们”，“毙命”，“归天”，“长眠”，“与世长辞”对特殊人物还有专门的术语，如：和尚死了叫“圆寂”，皇帝死了叫“驾崩”，诸侯死了用“功甍”，妻子死了叫“断弦”，为了守节而死叫“玉碎”，执行公务而死叫“殉职”，为正义而死叫“牺牲”等。
“死亡的委婉说法还有：to be ;present at the last roll call 出席最后一次点名to be written off被勾销 t0 fall 倒下 to fire one s last shot射出最后一发子弹It S taps．熄灯号音响了to hy down one S life 放下自己的生to make the ultimate sacrifice最后的牺牲to do one S bit 尽自己的本分这些委婉语听起来很平淡，几乎无法使人联到军人那悲壮而惨烈的死。
(二)有关“疾病”的委婉语生病也是人们忌讳说的，因而东、西方人都常常用替代形式来淡化表达。
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厕所 bathroom身体机能是文雅人士需避免的话题。
（Bodily functions are "taboo" in polite company.）▌restroom▷Can I use the restroom?我可以用下洗手间吗？▷Where can I wash my hands?哪儿有洗手间？▌public conveniences▷Are there any public conveniences nearby?附近可有公共卫生间？▌ladies / gents▷The ladies and gents are down the corridor on your right.女士和男士卫生间就在你右手边的走廊里。
还有一些幽默表达：▌the smallest room of the house房子里最小的一间屋，这种诙谐说法于20世纪30年代出现在英文里，现在已经有些过时，较少被使用。
▷I'd like to pay a visit to the smallest room of the house.我要去参观一下厕所。
▌powder my nose女士用补妆来委婉表达上厕所，当然爱开玩笑的男士也可以这么说。
▷Where can I powder my nose?我上哪儿能补个粉？▌see a man about a dog这种说法原始意思是指为赛马或者赛狗下注，后来通常作为离开或缺席的借口。
原因通常是去上厕所，或者买酒。
▷He's gone to see a man about a dog.他去方便了。
失业unemployment▌between jobs在前一个和后一个工作之间，也就是待业啦。
▷Interviewer: Tell me about your current position.面试官：请告诉我你目前的职位。
▷Job candidate: I'm between jobs right now.求职者：我目前暂时待业。
▌a resting actor这种说法多指演员。
▷Harry's a resting actor.哈利是个待业演员。
怀孕pregnancy▌expect即期待婴儿出生。
▷His wife is expecting.他妻子怀孕了。
▷She is expecting in March.她预产期是三月。
▌have a bun in the oven烤箱里有面包了。
英式英语，诙谐用法。
▷Have you heard that Katy has a bun in the oven?你听说没，Katy有啦？▌in the family way这是比较老式的说法（old-fashioned）。
▷Have you heard that Jean's in the family way?你听说没，Jean怀上啦？▷They plan to get married now that he's put her in the family way.他弄大了她的肚子，俩人只好结婚。
喝醉drunk▌tired and emotional这是一种较为礼貌和幽默的方式表示某人喝醉了。
▷You must excuse me, I'm a bit tired and emotional just now. I think I'd best be going home.请原谅我，我眼下醉意朦胧，最好还是回家吧。
▌have a bit too much to drink也就是喝多了。
▷He had a bit too much to drink last night.他昨晚喝多了。
▌to be a bit worse for wearThe worse for wear是指衣服穿久，破烂不堪的样子。
如果某人喝太多，走路东倒西歪，形象全无，那么你就可以用这个表达来形容他醉的程度。
▷The three came stumbling in, the worse for wear again.这三人跌跌撞撞进门，又是烂醉如泥的。
▷John looked a bit worse for wear as he got home.约翰到家的时候看起来醉得一塌糊涂。
撒谎lying▌economical with the truth很少提供实情的，谎话连篇的。
▷I discovered that my boss had been economical with the truth when she said t hat the company was making money.我发现老板说公司盈利其实隐瞒了真相。
争吵 arguments▌full and frank discussion表面意思即深入而坦率的探讨，这是一种礼貌的说法，表示争吵或责难（reprimand）。
▷The directors had a full and frank discussion in the meeting.主管们在会上争执不休。
▌have words with someoneWords（注意是复数）有口角、争论（altercation）的意思。
这个表达指可以指吵架，也可以指训斥某人。
▷Elaine had words with Tony over his driving habits.伊莲和托尼因为后者的开车习惯问题而吵起来。
▷If Pete keeps on pushing Billy I'm going to have words with him.如果皮特老这样逼比利，我可要好好找他谈谈了。
穷being poor▌be disadvantagedDisadvantaged，即处境不利的，生活条件差的、经济地位低下的……The government is introducing new schemes to help the disadvantaged.政府引入了新计划，帮助条件差的人群。
▌financially embarrassed经济拮据、财产情况窘迫的▷ I'm afraid I can't come to the restaurant with you. I'm financially embarrassed at the moment.抱歉我不能和你去下馆子了，我目前手头拮据。
死亡death▌pass away 过世这是很常见的代替die这个词的表达，带有哀悼和尊敬的意味。
▷Her uncle passed away last year.她叔叔去年过世了。
▌lost his/her battle 被病魔打败一般指人和病魔抗争，最终没能战胜病魔而死去。
▷My brother lost his battle with lung cancer years ago.我哥哥几年前在和肺癌的抗争中去世。
▌meet one's Maker 去见造物主这是稍微诙谐一点的说法，注意这个Maker要大写，有造物主的意思，所以去见造物主了就是灵魂回归了，就像我们会说某人“去见马克思了”。
▷He knew that he came into the world with nothing and that he would go to meet his Maker with empty hands.他知道自己一无所有来到世上，也将会两手空空离开人间。
▷He's gone to meet his Maker.他去见造物主了。
▌six feet under 六尺之下这是指人死后被埋在六尺黄土之下，也不是特别严肃的说法。
▷I won't worry about money when I'm six feet under.我入土了以后，也就不用再为钱财劳心了。
▌pushing up daisies 坟头长草这种说法的意思是，人被埋入地下后，坟墓上会长出野花来。
通常用在将来时中，不是严肃的用法。
▷I'll be pushing up daisies before this problem is solved.等这问题解决了，我差不多也该告别人世了。
▷If you talk to me like that again, you'll be pushing up the daisies.你要再敢这么跟我说话，你就死定了。
▌in one's box 进棺材非正式说法，俚语。
▷When I'm in my box you can argue all you like about the inheritance.等我进了棺材，你再去争遗产吧，想怎么争怎么争。
宠物安乐死 Animal euthanasia宠物也是家庭成员，如果养的宠物正遭受病痛折磨，很多主人会考虑让它们解脱痛苦（put it out of its misery），也就是animal euthanasia（安乐死）。
▌put down▷We had to put our cat down as she was very ill.我们不得不让我们的猫安乐死，她已经病入膏肓了。
▌put an end to its suffering▷We put an end to her suffering.我们让她解脱病痛了。
外貌年龄高矮胖瘦和年龄也是人们的敏感点，fat、thin、old这种词当面最好还是不要说，太容易冒犯人（cause offense）。
下面给出一些机智的替代词（alternatives），注意在使用的时候，最好再加上些缓和语气的修饰词，比如"a bit"或"a little" 。
▌Alternatives to "fat" 胖还能怎么说▷overweight; heavy 体重偏重▷plump [plʌmp] 丰满▷a bit chubby 圆乎乎的，chubby ['tʃʌbi] 尤其多用于形容小朋友▷curvy ['kə:vi]; curvaceous [kə:'veiʃəs] （指女性）曲线丰满▷statuesque [,stætju'esk] 高大结实▷well-built / a big man （指男性）结实、高大▌Alternatives to "thin" 瘦还能怎么说▷slim; slender 苗条纤细▷petite 娇小，尤指女性▷wiry ['waiəri] 瘦而结实（一点脂肪都没有）▌Alternatives to "old" 老还能怎么说▷a pensioner ['penʃ(ə)nə] 领养老金者，退休老人▷elderly 长者▷a senior citizen 年长公民▷middle-aged 中年人。