英语国家文化
了解英语国家的文化和传统
了解英语国家的文化和传统2023年，了解英语国家的文化和传统成为越来越多人关注的话题。
在全球化的背景下，了解不同国家与文化的差异和特点，有助于人们更好地融入国际社会。
本文将从历史、宗教信仰、节日、饮食、体育等多个方面，来介绍英语国家的文化和传统。
历史英语国家的历史可以追溯到数百年前，这些国家都体现了不同的历史和文化。
英国是一个古老而丰富的国家，其历史可以追溯到公元前10世纪。
到了中世纪，英国有了大量的城堡和教堂，这些建筑至今仍然呈现着昔日辉煌的壮丽景象。
同时，英国中世纪的语言和文化也影响了今天的英语语言和文化。
美国和加拿大则是英国殖民地，他们的历史可以追溯到16世纪。
这里还有一些新兴的国家，如新西兰、澳大利亚，它们的历史相对较短，但是也非常有特点。
宗教信仰英语国家的宗教信仰也是很有特点的。
英国是一个基督教国家，其国教为英国国教会，教堂是英国重要的文化遗产之一。
美国则是一个宗教多元的国家，基督教和天主教是主要的宗教信仰。
而澳大利亚在宗教信仰方面则更加多元，既有基督教，还有佛教、伊斯兰教等。
除了这些传统宗教，越来越多的人选择了无宗教信仰或新兴宗教。
节日每个国家都有自己的传统节日，英语国家也不例外。
英国最有名的节日之一就是复活节，这是一个基督教节日，是庆祝耶稣基督的复活。
美国最著名的节日是感恩节，这是一个表达感恩、团聚的节日，通常是在每年11月的第四个星期四。
加拿大则有国家庆典节日和圣诞节等传统节日。
此外，在英语国家还有很多独特的节日和活动，例如在英国的农历新年（又称“春节”）和澳大利亚的“澳大利亚日”等。
饮食英语国家的饮食文化也非常丰富多样。
英国的传统美食包括炸鱼和薯条、肉馅派、面包布丁等。
美国的传统美食则包括汉堡、烤肉、披萨等。
加拿大则以枫树糖浆、生蚝和蒸汽肉饼（Poutine）而闻名。
澳大利亚则以烤肉和海鲜为主，其中烤大虾（Prawns）是美食之一。
此外，在英语国家的主要城市中，还有许多各具特色的餐馆和小吃摊，比如伦敦的印度餐厅、美国的汉堡王和肯德基等。
英语国家社会文化知识
1.英语语言发展阶段：古英语--中古英语--现代英语：古英语-old English主要是日耳曼部落讲的凯尔特语，语法性浓厚。
中古英语-Middle English罗曼底征服事件后，人种混合，语言混合，英语渐渐取代法语成为主要语言。
语法形态简化。
现代英语-文艺复兴，印刷术，伦敦方言成为标准英语。
语音变化巨大。
趋势-简化语法，简化单词。
变体-美国英语（主导），澳大利亚英语，加拿大英语，南非英语，印度英语。
2.英美国家概况之历史篇：美国历史（重要事件列出）：最早的美国人是印第安人；英国在1607在美国建立殖民地，并逐渐建立13个殖民地。
1776年圣诞节美军挫败英军，1783年巴黎和约英国承认美国独立。
美国宪法前十条是«人权法案»，保护个人权利。
英美最后一次交火是1812年的英美战争。
美国内战期间，林肯发表【解放奴隶宣言】，1863葛底斯堡演说民有民享民治（the government of the people,by the people and for the people）.1903年，莱特兄弟发明第一架飞机。
第一次世界大战，美国宣布中立，但实际上是支持同盟政策。
20ce20ys,美国是物质上成功但精神挫败迷惘的时期。
罗斯福的新政措施目的在于拯救美国民主制度和资本主义制度。
20ce30ys,美国奉行孤立主义外交政策。
目的是远离欧洲和亚洲的战争。
二战期间，美国外交政策针对英国和前苏联，想赢得战争，阻止苏联扩张。
美苏英三国首脑会晤三次，第一次1943德黑兰会议决定“霸王行动”向法国进攻。
第二次1945年雅尔塔会议，决定建联合国组织。
第三次1945波茨坦会议，确定欧洲格局暂时分配。
1946年，美国电报出现遏制苏联政策，1949年，杜鲁门公开遏制政策。
同年，美国签订北约（The North Atlantic Treaty).1945年以来，美国经济进入25年的繁荣期。
1962古巴导弹危机，在位肯尼迪。
英语国家文化常识
Cultural Knowledge of Major English-Speaking Countries英语国家文化常识1.United States of America:a country of North America with coastlines on the Arctic,Atlanticand Pacific oceans.It includes the noncontiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.The area now occupied by the contiguous48states was originally inhabited by numerous Native Americans,the Indians.2.Washington,D.C.:capital of the United States,coextensive with the District of Columbia.Washington is the legislative,administrative,and judicial center of the United States.The city is also a major tourist attraction and cultural center.3.Abraham Lincoln:16th president of America.As president,he is best remembered forleading the Union through the Civil War and freeing Confederate slaves with the1863 Emancipation Proclamation,for delivering the Gettysburg Address,the most famous oration in American history,on19November1863,in which he claimed that government should be “of the people,by the people,for the people”.4.Pearl Harbor:an inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the southern coast of Oahu,Hawaii.It becamethe site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in1898.On Sunday,7 December1941,Japanese planes attacked the base,and United States entered World War II the following day.5.George Washington:first president and the founding father of the US.He stands as one ofthe three men—the others being Abraham Lincoln and Franklin Roosevelt—who came to power at the most6.Ralph Waldo Emerson:the most thought-provoking American cultural leader of themid-19th century.As a transcendentalist,Emerson spoke out against materialism,formal religion,and slavery.7.Henry David Thoreau:an American author,naturalist,and philosopher who is best knownfor his essay,Civil Disobedience,an argument for individual resistance to civil government, which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K.Gandhi and Martin Luther King,Jr.8.John Denver:one f the most popular recording artists of the1970s in the US.As country-folksinger/songwriter,Denver’s gentle,environmentally conscious music,like Rocky Mountain High and Take Me Home,Country Roads established him among the most beloved entertainers of his era.9.Mark Twain:American humorist and novelist.Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens,hispseudonym,Mark Twain,was taken from Mississippi riverboat terminology.His humorous tales of human nature,especially The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1885),remain standard texts in high school and college literature classes.10.Earnest Hemingway:one of the most famous American writers of the20th century.He wrotenovels and short stories about outdoorsmen,expatriates,soldiers and others.He is best known for his short novel The Old Man and the Sea(1952)which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in1954.11.Rocky Mountains:a major mountain system of Western North America,extending around5,100km from northwest Alaska to the Mexican border.12.The New Deal:the collection of political and economic policies and programs promulgatedby the first two administrations of the presidency of Franklin D.Roosevelt.The New Deal policies were aimed at combating the economic miseries of the Great Depression.13.The Beatles:English top group,formed in Liverpool by John Lennon,Paul McCartney andGeorge Harrison.14.Yesterday Once More:a hit song by The Carpenters from their album Now&Then.TheCarpenters were a vocal and instrumental duo,consisting of siblings Karen and Richard Carpenter.They recorded fifteen#1songs in the entire decade of the1970s15.Halloween:celebrated in the United States,Canada,and the British Isles on31October bychildren going door to door while wearing costumes and begging treats and playing pranks.16.Jazz:once described as“the most significant form of musical expression of American blackculture and America’s outstanding contribution to the art of music”.From obscure origins among African Americans in New Orleans a century ago,the music blends elements of African music,work songs,and developing through the blues and ragtime into a new syncopated improvisational style.Jazz flourished in New Orleans before World War I,in Chicago in the1920s,and in New York and throughout the country after that.17.MIT:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,US private university in Cambridge,famous forits scientific and technological training and research.Founded in1861,MIT has schools of architecture and planning,engineering,humanities,arts,social sciences and management(the Sloan School).18.Ping-pong Diplomacy:In1971,a Us table-tennis team paid a visit to China after many yearsof antagonism between the two countries,opening the door for China-US people-to-people contacts.In the fall the same year,the then US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger visited China,followed by another historic visit by President Richard Nixon in1972,which paved the way for the normalization of bilateral relations.19.New York City:the“Big Apple”,the“City That Never Sleeps”—New York is a city ofsuperlatives:America’s most exciting place;its business and cultural capital;the nation’s trendsetter.20.Hollywood:a district of the city of Los Angeles,California,US.Its name is synonymous withthe American movie industry.It became the center of the movie industry by1915.21.Silicon Valley:located around Santa Clara and San Jose,California,being the home of manykey US corporations that specialize in advanced electronic and information technologies.First called“Silicon Valley”by a local news letter writer,the“Valley”became the center of newly developing technologies that many believed would revolutionize computers, telecommunications,and even society itself.22.IMF:the International Monetary Fund,an organization of185countries dedicated topromoting global monetary cooperation and the health and stability of the internationalmonetary system.The IMF supports worldwide economic growth by granting loans and technical assistance to countries in need.The organization was formed in1944.23.University of Cambridge:one of the world’s oldest and most prestigious academicinstitutions.Dating back some800years to1209,Cambridge boasts more than100academic departments and several world-class research centers that have produced more than8-Nobel Prize winners.Its alumni have included such prominent notables as Sir Isaac Newton,Charles Darwin,and Stephen Hawking.24.The British Broadcasting Corporation:usually known as the BBC.Founded in1922as theBritish Broadcasting Company Ltd,it was subsequently granted a Royal Charter and made a state-owned corporation.The corporation produces programs and information services, broadcasting globally on television,radon,and the Internet.25.Stonehenge:a group of standing stones in the west of England.The arrangement of the stonessuggests that Stonehenge might be once used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory.26.Robert Burns:widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland,and a lyricist.Among hisbest-known songs are“Auld Lang Syne”and“A Red,Red Rose”.He freely proclaimed his radical opinions,his sympathies with the common people,and his rebellion against orthodox religion and morality.27.Big Ben:one of the world’s largest four-faced clocks,also one of London’s most famouslandmarks.The name,which originally referred to the hour bell,was given in honor of Sir Benjamin Hall,the commissioner of works,according to the legend.28.Hyde Park:located in Westminster borough,London,England,a large public park inwest-central London,England.Distinctive features of the park are Hyde Park Corner(also the Speakers’Corner),the meeting place of soapbox orators.29.M artin Luther King,JHr.:an African-American clergyman who advocated social changethrough non-violent means.A powerful speaker and a man of great spiritual strength,he shaped the American civil rights movement of the1950s and1960s.King won the1963Nobel Peace Prize,becoming at the time the youngest recipient ever.30.GM:General Motors Corporation(GM)is the world’s largest automotive manufacturer formost of the20th century and into the21st It was founded in1908by William C.Durant to consolidate several motorcar companies,based in Flint,Michigan.Its arsenal of brands includes Chevrolet,Pontiac,GMC,Buick,Cadillac,Saturn,Hummer,and Saab.31.London Bridge is falling down:one of the widest-know children’s songs in theEnglish-speaking world and has existed both as a nursery rhyme and as a singing game for a very long time.32.The Mississippi River:the largest river of North America.The River has been a focal pointin American history,commerce,agriculture,literature,and environmental awareness.33.Trafalgar Square:in Westminster,London,England,named for Lord Nelson’s victory at thebattle of Trafalgar.Trafalgar Square is a frequent site of political rallies.34.Gladiator:a2000historical action drama film.It is directed by Ridley Scott and stars RussellCrowe.Crowe portrays General Maximus Decimus Meridius,who rises through the ranks of the gladiatorial arena to avenge the murder of his family and his Emperor.The film who five Academy Awards in the73rd Acadamy Awards ceremony.35.University of Oxford:an autonomous university at Oxford,Oxfordshire,England.It wasfounded in the12th century and modeled on the University of Paris,with initial faculties of theology,law,medicine,and the liberal arts.Oxford has been associated with many of the greatest names in British history.36.Cowboy:used in England meaning“a boy who takes care of cows”.But it is the Americanswho invented two new meanings for it.The first one was the revolutionary patriots’term for pro-British raiders during the American Revolution,while the second kind of cowboy came to national and worldwide attention after the American Civil War,when for two decades thousands of cowboys drove millions of longhorn cattle from Texas to the new transcontinental railroads in Kansas and Colorado.Building on this legend,cowboy today still is used to mean someone who is reckless,impulsive,and dangerous.It can also be modified to mean someone who merely puts one airs of being tough or sophisticated:a drugstore cowboy.37.Canada:with a developed market economy that is export-directed and closely linked withthat of the US,Canada is one of the world’s most prosperous countries.It is a parliamentary state with two legislative houses;its chief of state is the British monarch,whose representative is Canada’s governor-general,and the head of government is the prime minister.Originally inhabited by American Indians and Inuit,Canada was visited in AD1000by Scandinavian explorers,whose settlement is confirmed by archaeological evidence from Newfoundland.38.Sydney:capital of New South Wales,Australia.Sydney is Australia’s largest city,chief port,and main cultural center.The dramatic,modernistic Sydney Opera House complex was largely designed by Jorn Utzon,the Danish winner of an international competition;it is now Sydney’s most famous landmark.39.Salzburg:the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg.Salzburg’s“Old Town”with its world-famous baroque architecture was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The city is noted for the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the setting for parts of the musical and film The Sound of Music,which features famous landmarks in Austria,but focuses mainly on Salzburg.40.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:a prolific and influential composer of the Classical Era in whatis now Austria,but then part of the Holy Roman Empire.He composed over600works,many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic,concertante,chamber,piano,operatic,and choral music.He is among the most enduringly popular of classical composers.41.Buffalo:the second most populous city in the state of New York,second only to New YorkCity.Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River,Buffalo is the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.42.The Scilence of the Lambs:a1991horror thriller directed by Honathan Demme and starringJodie Foster,and Anthony Hopkins.It is based on the novel of the same name by ThomasHarris.In the film,Clarice Starling,a young FBI trainee,seeks the advice of the imprisoned Lecter on catching a serial killer known only as“Buffalo Bill”.The film won the top five Academy Awards:Best Picture,Best Actress,Best Actor,Best Director and Best Screenplay.43.Madonna:an American recording artist,actress and entrepreneur.Madonna is ranked by theRecording Industry Association of America as the best-selling female rock artist of the20th century and the second top-selling female artist in the United States.She has sold over200 million albums worldwide.In2007,Guinness World Records listed her as the world’s most successful female recording artist of all time and she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the following year.44.Bank Holliday:a public holiday in both the United Kingdom and Ireland.There is someautomatic right to time off on these days,although the majority of the population not employed in essential services receive them as holidays;those employed in essential services usually receive extra pay for working on these days.Bank holidays are often assumed to be so called because they are days upon which banks are shut,but this is not in fact the case.Some of the assumed bank holiday are days on which the banks are shut but are not,in fact,a bank holiday(e.g.Good Friday and Christmas Day).Stephen’’s Day:or called the Feast of St.Stephen is a Christian Saint’s Day celebrated on 45.St.Stephen26December in the Western Church and27December in the Eastern Church.Many Eastern Orthodox churches adhere to the Julian calendar and mark St.Stephen’s Day on27December according to that calendar.46.Boxing Day:a public holiday in the United Kingdom,Australia,Canada,New Zealand,andcountries in the Commonwealth of Nations with a mainly Christian population.The name derives from the English tradition giving gifts(a“Christmas box”)to less fortunate members of society in the days when people worked in rural economies.Boxing Day is traditionally celebrated on26December.Unlike St Stephen’s Day,Boxing Day has become a secular holiday and is not always on26December.The date of observance of Boxing Day varies between countries.47.Martin Luther King,Jr.Day:a United States holiday marking the birthdate of Reverend.Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.,observed on the third Monday of January eash year,around the time of King’s birthday,January 5.It is one of three United States federal holidays to commemorate an individual person.After King’s assassination in1968,United States Representative John Conyers introduced a bill in Congress to make King’s birthday a national holiday.On November2,1983,United States President Ronald Reagan signed the bill creating a federal holiday to honor King.It was observed for the first time on January2o, 1986.Washington’’s birthday:a United States feral holiday celebrated on the third Monday of 48.WashingtonFebruary.It is also commonly known as Presidents Day(or Presidents’Day).As Washington’s Birthday or Presidents Day,it is also the official name of a concurrent state holiday celebrated on the same day in a number of states.bor Day:a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September(September7in2009).The holiday originated in Canada out of labor disputes(“Nine-HourMovement”)first in Hamilton,then in Toronto,Canada in1870s,which resulted in a Trade Union Act which legalized and protected union activity in1872in Canada.In1882,American labor leader Peter J.McGuire witnessed one of these labor festivals in Toronto.Inspired from Canadian events in Toronto,he returned to New York and organized the first American“Labor Day”on September5of the same year.50.Columbus Day:first became an official state holiday in Colorado in1906,and became afederal holiday in1934.The day has been celebrated in the United States since1792in New York City,and it honors Christopher Columbus,who landed in the Americans on October12, 1492.51.Veterans Day:is an annual American holiday honoring military veterans.Both a federalholiday and a state holiday in all states,it is usually observed on November11.It is also celebrated as Armistice Day or Remembrance Day in other parts of the world,falling on November11,the anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that ended World War I.52.Thanksgiving Day:presently celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November,has been anannual tradition in the United States since1863.It did not become a federal holiday until1941.Thanksgiving was historically a religious observation to give thanks to God,and is still celebrated as such by some religious families,but it is now considered a secular holiday as well.In the United States,certain kinds of food are traditionally served at Thanksgiving meals.Baked or roasted turkey is usually the featured item on any thanksgiving feast table.Stuffing, mashed potatoes with gravy,sweet potatoes,cranberry sauce,sweet corn,other fall vegetables, and pumpkin pie are commonly associated with Thanksgiving dinner.Patrick’’s Day:an annual feast day which celebrated St.Patrick,the most commonly 53.St.Patrickrecognized of the patron saints of Ireland,and is generally celebrated on17th of March.The day is a national holiday of Ireland.It is also a public holiday in Canada,United Kingdom, Australia,the United States,Argentina and New Zealand.It is widely celebrated but is not an official holiday.Today,St.Patrick’s Day is widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike.Many people,regardless of ethnic background wear green-colored clothing and items.Celebrations are generally themed around all tings Irish and the color green.The secular version of the holiday is celebrated by wearing green,eating Irish food and/or green foods,imbibing Irish drink and attending parades,which have a particularly long history in the United States.Andrew’’s Day:the first day of Saint Andrew.It is celebrated on30November.Saint 54.St.AndrewAndrew is the patron saint of Scotland,and St.Andrew’s Day is Scotland’s official national day.In2006,the Scottish Parliament designated St.Andrew’s Day as an official bank holiday.Although most commonly associated with Scotland,Saint Andrew is also the patron saint of Greece,Romania,and Russia.Quiz1.Which of the following states is the capital of the United States?A.New York.B.London.C.Washington.D.California.2.Who wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Mark Twain.C.Robert Burns.D.Ernest Hemingway.3.In which city can you see Big Ben?A.Oxford.B.London.C.Cambridge.D.Sydney.4.When does Thanksgiving Day come?A.On the second Sunday in May.B.On the third Saturday of June.C.On the first Monday in May.D.On the fourth Thursdays in November.5.Who gave the famous speech“I Have a Dream”?A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.B.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.C.Christopher Columbus.D.Martin Luther King,Jr.6.Which of the following abbreviations is the world’s largest automotivemanufacturer?A.AMB.GMC.BBCD.MIT7.Which of the following novels was written by Ernest Hemingway?A.The Old Man and the SeaB.The Last IvyC.Pride and PrejudiceD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8.Hollywood is synonymous with the American______industry.A.automobileB.movieC.electronicD.novel9.Which of the following rivers is the largest one of North America?A.The Nile.B.The Amazon.C.The Mississippi.D.The Danube.10.Which of the following cities is called the“Big Apple”?A.New YorkB.LondonC.CaliforniaD.WashingtonKeys to Quiz1.C2.B3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.B9.C10.A。
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点
初中阶段的英语国家和文化英语知识点英语作为一门全球通用的语言，学习英语不仅仅是学习语言知识，还涉及到英语国家的文化、习俗和传统。
在初中阶段，学生需要掌握一些关于英语国家和文化的基本知识点。
本文将介绍一些与英语国家和文化相关的知识点。
1. 英语国家及其地理位置英语是英国的母语，但也广泛使用于其他国家和地区。
主要的英语国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
这些国家分布在不同的大陆，有着各自独特的地理环境和人文特点。
2. 主要的英语国家文化每个英语国家都有其独特的文化特点。
比如英国文化以绅士风度、茶文化和冠冕堂皇的皇室传统而闻名；美国文化以自由、多元和创新为核心；加拿大文化强调多元文化以及对自然环境的保护。
学生需要了解这些文化特点，以便更好地理解和交流。
3. 英语国家的节日和庆典不同的英语国家有自己独特的节日和庆典。
比如英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节；美国的独立日和感恩节；加拿大的国庆日等。
学生可以通过学习这些节日和庆典，了解当地的文化习俗和传统。
4. 英语国家的体育文化体育在英语国家有着重要的地位，不同的体育项目也与当地文化紧密相连。
例如英式足球在英国是最受欢迎的运动，美国橄榄球和篮球在美国备受热爱，加拿大的冰球是国球。
了解英语国家的体育文化，对于拓宽学生的视野和培养体育兴趣都有益处。
5. 英语国家的饮食文化饮食文化也是了解一个国家的重要方面。
英语国家的饮食文化多种多样，比如英国的英式早餐、美国的汉堡和炸鸡、加拿大的枫糖浆等。
学生可以通过学习英语国家的饮食文化，了解不同国家的饮食习俗和传统。
6. 英语国家的名人和文化艺术英语国家涌现了众多的名人和文化艺术家。
通过了解一些英语国家的重要名人和文化艺术作品，学生可以进一步了解英语国家的历史和文化成就。
比如英国的莎士比亚、美国的爱默生和卡莱尔、加拿大的贝鲁特等。
7. 英语国家的教育体系英语国家的教育体系对于学生的成长和未来发展起到重要的影响。
了解英语国家的教育体系，可以帮助学生更好地规划自己的学习和职业发展。
英语国家文化小知识100例
英语国家文化小知识100例1.The United States celebrates Independence Day on July 4th.2.The British royal family resides at Buckingham Palace.3.Canada has two official languages: English and French.4.Australians often refer to their country as "the land down under".5.The Irish holiday St. Patrick's Day is celebrated on March 17th.6.New Zealand is known for its stunning natural landscapes, including mountains, beaches,and fjords.7.Thanksgiving is a major holiday in the United States and Canada, typically celebrated inNovember.8.The Scottish Highland Games feature traditional sports like caber tossing and hammerthrowing.9.The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of Australia and is the world's largest coralreef system.10.In the United States, the Super Bowl is a major annual event that attracts millions ofviewers.11.The city of Toronto, Canada is home to the CN Tower, one of the tallest freestandingstructures in the world.12.In Australia, the Outback refers to the vast, remote interior of the country.13.The Kentucky Derby is a famous horse race held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, in theUnited States.14.Ireland is known for its stunning green countryside and scenic coastal towns.15.In Canada, the French-speaking province of Quebec is known for its distinctive culture andcuisine.16.The New Year's Eve celebration in New York City's Times Square is a major event thatattracts visitors from around the world.17.The Sydney Opera House is an iconic building located in Sydney, Australia.18.The United States has a long history of jazz music, which originated in the southern state ofNew Orleans.19.In England, the sport of cricket is very popular and has a long history.20.The Australian Open is one of the four major tennis tournaments in the world.21.In Scotland, bagpipes are often played at important events and ceremonies.22.Hollywood, located in Los Angeles, California, is known as the center of the American filmindustry.23.In Canada, ice hockey is a beloved national sport.24.The Grand Canyon, located in the southwestern United States, is a stunning natural wonder.25.In Australia, the Great Ocean Road is a scenic coastal drive that offers breathtaking views ofthe ocean.26.The United States is known for its diverse cuisine, influenced by many different cultures.27.The British Museum in London is home to a vast collection of artifacts from around theworld.28.The Sydney Harbour Bridge is an iconic landmark in Sydney, Australia.29.In Canada, the Rocky Mountains offer stunning views and opportunities for outdooractivities like hiking and skiing.30.The United States has a rich history of folk music, which has been influenced by variouscultural traditions.31.In England, the Tower of London is a historic castle that has served many different purposesover the centuries.32.Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a massive sandstone formation located in the AustralianOutback.33.The Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles, California, features the stars of many famousentertainers.34.The Canadian flag features a red maple leaf in the center.35.In Scotland, the Loch Ness Monster is a legendary creature said to inhabit a large lake.36.The United States is home to many national parks, including Yellowstone and Yosemite.37.In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is home to a diverse array of marine life, including coral,fish, and sea turtles.38.The English author William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatestplaywrights in history.39.Niagara Falls, located on the border between the United States and Canada, is a populartourist destination.40.In the United States, the Fourth of July is celebrated as Independence Day, marking thecountry's declaration of independence from Great Britain in 1776.41.In Canada, hockey is considered the national sport and is a beloved pastime amongCanadians.42.In Australia, "barbies" (short for barbecues) are a common social activity, with friends andfamily gathering to cook and eat together outdoors.43.In the United Kingdom, tea is a staple drink, often enjoyed with biscuits (cookies) or scones.44.In New Zealand, the haka is a traditional Maori war dance that is also performed by thenational rugby team, the All Blacks, before each game.45.In the United States, Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday inNovember, where families gather to share a meal and give thanks.46.In Canada, poutine is a popular dish made with french fries, cheese curds, and gravy.47.In Australia, the beach is a popular destination for outdoor activities, such as swimming,surfing, and sunbathing.48.In the United Kingdom, the Royal Family is a prominent feature of the country's culture, withevents such as royal weddings and births being celebrated by the public.49.In Ireland, St. Patrick's Day is a national holiday celebrated on March 17th, where peoplewear green and participate in parades and other festivities.50.In the United States, the Super Bowl is an annual event that attracts millions of viewers andis known for its elaborate halftime show and commercials.51.In Canada, maple syrup is a popular condiment and ingredient in dishes, particularly in theprovince of Quebec.52.In Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder that attracts visitors from around theworld for snorkeling and diving.53.In the United Kingdom, fish and chips is a traditional dish that is typically served innewspaper.54.In Jamaica, reggae music is a prominent part of the country's culture and is associated withthe legendary musician Bob Marley.55.In the United States, baseball is a popular sport that is often referred to as "America'spastime."56.In Canada, Tim Hortons is a popular coffee and donut chain that is beloved by manyCanadians.57.In Australia, Vegemite is a spread made from yeast extract that is commonly eaten on toast.58.In the United Kingdom, pub culture is an important part of social life, with people gatheringat local pubs to drink, socialize, and watch sports.59.In India, Diwali is a major holiday that celebrates the victory of light over darkness and ismarked by the lighting of diyas (lamps) and fireworks.60.In the United States, Mardi Gras is a popular celebration in New Orleans that is marked byparades, parties, and colorful costumes.61.In Canada, ice hockey is a sport that is often played outdoors on frozen ponds and lakesduring the winter months.62.In Australia, ANZAC Day is a national holiday that commemorates the sacrifices made byAustralian and New Zealand soldiers in wars and conflicts.63.In the United Kingdom, afternoon tea is a tradition where people enjoy tea, sandwiches, andcakes in the mid-afternoon.64.In South Africa, braai (barbecue) is a popular cooking method that is often accompanied bymusic, dancing, and socializing.65.In the United States, Halloween is a holiday that is celebrated on October 31st and isassociated with costumes, trick-or-treating, and spooky decorations.66.In the UK, "tea time" is a cultural tradition that typically occurs around 4 pm, where peopletake a break for tea and often some small snacks or cakes.67.In the US, baseball is known as the "national pastime" and has a rich history and culture.68.In Canada, ice hockey is a popular sport and a big part of the national identity.69.St. Patrick's Day, celebrated on March 17th, is an important cultural holiday in Ireland and isalso widely celebrated in other English-speaking countries.70.The American holiday of Thanksgiving, held on the fourth Thursday of November, is a timefor families to gather and give thanks.71.The Scottish tradition of wearing kilts and playing bagpipes is still widely practiced today.72.In Australia, the concept of the "outback" refers to the vast, remote areas of the countrythat are largely uninhabited.73.Canada is known for its multiculturalism, with many different ethnic and cultural groupsliving harmoniously together.74.In the US, the Fourth of July is a major holiday celebrating American independence.75.The UK is home to many famous landmarks and tourist attractions, such as BuckinghamPalace, the Tower of London, and Stonehenge.76.The traditional English breakfast typically includes eggs, bacon, sausage, black pudding,beans, mushrooms, and toast.77.The American holiday of Halloween, celebrated on October 31st, is a time for dressing up incostumes and going trick-or-treating.78.In Canada, the French-speaking province of Quebec has a unique culture and history thatsets it apart from the rest of the country.79.In the US, the city of New Orleans is known for its vibrant music and cultural scene,particularly during Mardi Gras.80.The British royal family is a cultural institution that has been a part of the country's historyfor centuries.81.In Australia, the concept of the "bush" refers to the country's rural areas and wilderness.82.The US is known for its fast food culture, with popular chains such as McDonald's and BurgerKing.83.Shakespeare is a hugely important cultural figure in the UK, with his plays and sonnets stillwidely studied and performed today.84.In Canada, the winter sport of curling is particularly popular, with many clubs andcompetitions throughout the country.85.In the US, the Super Bowl is a major cultural event and the most-watched television programof the year.86.The UK has a rich literary history, with authors such as Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and J.K.Rowling all hailing from the country.87.In Australia, the beach is a central part of the culture, with many people living near the coastand enjoying activities such as swimming and surfing.88.The American holiday of Christmas is celebrated on December 25th and is a time for givinggifts and spending time with loved ones.89.In Canada, the First Nations people have a rich cultural heritage and are recognized as one ofthe country's founding peoples.90.The UK has a strong tradition of theater, with the West End in London being one of theworld's most famous theater districts.91.In the US, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s had a major impact on thecountry's cultural and political landscape.92.In Ireland, traditional Irish music is an important part of the culture and is often played inpubs and other social gatherings.93.In Australia, the indigenous Aboriginal culture has a rich history and is recognized as theoldest continuous living culture in the world.94.The national flower of England is the rose.95.In the United States, Independence Day is celebrated on July 4th.96.Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal.97.The traditional dance of Ireland is called the Irish jig.98.In Canada, ice hockey is the national sport.99.In India, the national animal is the Bengal tiger.100.The national dish of Thailand is Pad Thai.101.In New Zealand, the native people are called the Maori.102.The national bird of Brazil is the macaw.103.The traditional costume of Scotland is called a kilt.104.In South Africa, there are 11 official languages.105.The national dish of Japan is sushi.106.The national tree of Lebanon is the cedar.107.The national animal of Australia is the kangaroo.108.In the United States, Thanksgiving Day is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. 109.The national flower of Scotland is the thistle.110.The national bird of Canada is the Canadian goose.111.In Mexico, the national sport is bullfighting.112.The traditional instrument of Greece is the bouzouki.113.In Australia, the native people are called the Aboriginals.114.The national flower of Wales is the daffodil.115.In France, the Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark.116.The national dish of Italy is pasta.117.The national animal of China is the giant panda.118.In the United States, the national bird is the bald eagle.119.The traditional dance of Spain is called the flamenco.120.The national tree of the United States is the oak.121.The national animal of Russia is the bear.122.In Japan, the national sport is sumo wrestling.123.The traditional costume of Japan is the kimono.124.In India, the national flower is the lotus.125.The national dish of Mexico is tacos.126.The national bird of Australia is the emu.127.In Canada, the national animal is the beaver.128.The national flower of China is the peony.129.The traditional dance of Russia is called the ballet.130.In South Korea, the national sport is Taekwondo.131.The national animal of France is the rooster.132.The traditional costume of China is the cheongsam.133.In Italy, the national animal is the wolf.134.The national tree of Canada is the maple.135.The national bird of Japan is the Japanese crane.136.In Brazil, the national sport is soccer.137.The traditional instrument of China is the erhu.138.The national flower of India is the lotus.139.The national dish of France is escargot.140.In the United States, the national tree is the bald cypress.141.The traditional dance of Mexico is called the salsa.142.The national animal of Mexico is the golden eagle.143.In Egypt, the Pyramids of Giza are a famous landmark.144.The national dish of Spain is paella.145.The national bird of China is the red-crowned crane.146.In Thailand, the national sport is Muay Thai.147.The traditional costume of Russia is the sarafan.148.In England, the Tower of London is a famous landmark.149.The national tree of Mexico is the Mexican oak. 150.The traditional dance of Japan is called the Bon Odori. 151.The national animal of Spain is the bull.152.In France, the national flower is the iris.153.The national dish of China is Peking duck.。
英语国家社会与文化总结
英语国家社会与文化总结英语是现代世界最重要的语言之一，是许多国家的官方语言，也是国际交流和商务活动的主要工具。
在全球范围内，许多国家和地区使用英语，他们各自拥有独特的社会和文化特点。
首先，英语国家的社会结构通常以个人主义为主导。
这意味着个人的自由和自主权重要于集体。
人们注重个人价值和自我实现，追求个人目标和成功。
这种价值观在教育体系中体现得尤为突出，鼓励学生发展自己的兴趣和才能，追求个人的职业理想。
其次，英语国家的社会秩序通常以法治为基石。
法治意味着相对公正和有序的社会体系，每个人都有平等的权利和义务。
法治的重要性在英语国家的政府和司法体系中得到体现，通过公正的法律程序保障公民的权益和维护社会的稳定。
除了社会结构和秩序，英语国家的文化特点也非常丰富多样。
一方面，英语国家通常崇尚个人创造力和创新精神。
文学、艺术和科技等领域，英语国家常常是领先的。
这种创造力和创新精神在文化产业中得到了极大的发展，创造了无数的文化和艺术作品。
另一方面，英语国家也注重社交礼仪和谦逊的价值观。
人们往往以礼貌和尊重他人为荣，重视家庭和友谊关系。
社交场合中，人们通常注意言行举止，注重礼仪和交际技巧。
这种礼仪和谦逊的文化背景给人们带来了友好、温暖的交流环境。
最后，英语国家普遍注重个人的健康和生活质量。
他们注重保持身体健康，注重饮食和锻炼等健康生活方式。
此外，英语国家也鼓励人们平衡工作和生活，追求幸福和满足感。
这种关注个人的健康和生活质量的价值观，使英语国家的居民通常过着积极、充实的生活。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化性格富有个性，注重个人价值、法治和创造力。
了解这些特点对于在英语国家生活、学习或工作的人来说至关重要。
我们可以借鉴英语国家社会和文化的优点，丰富自己的人生经验，提高自己的社交能力和创新能力，更好地适应和融入全球化的世界。
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语在英语国家的社会和文化中，有许多重要的术语被广泛使用和讨论。
这些术语反映了英语国家的独特价值观和方式。
以下是一些在英语国家社会和文化中常见的重要术语。
1. 自由（Freedom）: 自由是英语国家社会和文化中非常重要的价值观。
它包括个人自由、言论自由、宗教自由和政治自由等。
人们坚信，每个人都有权利追求幸福和自我实现，而不受限制或压制。
2. 平等（Equality）: 平等是另一个重要的价值观，意味着每个人都应该被平等对待，不受财富、种族、性别、宗教或其他身份特征的歧视。
英语国家注重提供平等的机会和待遇，以确保社会的公正性和包容性。
3. 多元文化主义（Multiculturalism）: 多元文化主义指的是英语国家社会中不同文化、种族和宗教群体的共存和接纳。
这意味着人们不仅尊重和容忍其他文化的差异，还重视文化多样性对社会的贡献和丰富。
4. 民主（Democracy）: 民主是英语国家非常重视的政治制度。
它鼓励所有公民参与决策过程，通过选举来选择政府和领导人。
民主也意味着尊重个人权利和基本自由，同时保护少数群体的利益。
5. 社交礼仪（Etiquette）: 社交礼仪是英语国家文化的一部分，强调个人与他人的尊重和礼貌。
这包括正式的礼节、表达感谢和给予对他人的尊重。
6. 幽默（Humor）: 幽默在英语国家文化中是非常重要的。
幽默被视为生活中的一种积极态度，人们经常使用幽默来缓解紧张的局势和改善人际关系。
8. 教育（Education）: 教育在英语国家非常重要，被认为是达到个人成功和社会发展的关键。
英语国家致力于提供高质量的教育，以便培养学生的技能和知识，并帮助他们实现自己的潜力。
9. 家庭（Family）: 家庭是英语国家的核心，被视为最重要的社会单位。
家庭关系通常非常亲密，家庭成员之间的相互支持和彼此照顾被视为非常重要。
10. 慈善（Charity）: 在英语国家，慈善事业是社会文化的重要组成部分。
英语国家文化
英语国家文化英语国家文化一、概述英语国家文化是指使用英语作为主要语言的国家所拥有的独特文化。
这些国家包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等。
虽然这些国家之间存在一些差异，但它们也有很多相似之处，形成了独特而丰富的英语国家文化。
二、语言与文学英语作为世界上最重要的国际语言之一，对英语国家的文化产生了深远的影响。
英语文学是英语国家文化的重要组成部分，从莎士比亚的戏剧到狄更斯的小说，英语文学作品丰富多样，影响深远。
许多英语国家也有自己的诗歌和传统故事，通过文字把人们的思想和情感传递给后世。
三、习俗与节日英语国家文化中的习俗和节日也非常丰富多样。
例如，在英国，下午茶被视为一种重要的社交活动；在美国，感恩节是一个重要的家庭团聚节日。
圣诞节在全球范围内都有重要意义，英语国家也坚守着传统的圣诞节庆祝方式，如装饰圣诞树、给亲朋好友送礼物等。
四、体育与娱乐体育在英语国家的文化中扮演着重要的角色。
足球被广泛认为是英语国家最受欢迎的体育运动，英超联赛和世界杯足球赛都吸引了全球的关注。
此外，板球、橄榄球、篮球等也在英语国家备受喜爱。
娱乐方面，电视、电影、音乐等都在英语国家拥有繁荣的产业，为人们提供丰富多样的消遣方式。
五、饮食与美食英语国家的饮食文化也非常丰富多样。
英国以英式早餐和奶茶闻名，美国以汉堡、披萨和热狗为特色，加拿大以枫糖浆和海鲜为美食代表。
澳大利亚则以烧烤和海鲜为特色。
此外，英语国家也有各种各样的酒类，如英国的艾尔和苏格兰威士忌，在各国酒吧和餐厅供应。
六、艺术与建筑英语国家以其独特的建筑风格和艺术作品而闻名于世。
英国的古堡、巴洛克风格的宫殿、红砖建筑等都是其建筑文化的代表。
同时，英语国家也孕育出了众多杰出的艺术家，如文艺复兴时期的达芬奇和伦勃朗，以及现代艺术的先驱波普艺术家安迪·沃霍尔。
七、教育与价值观英语国家非常重视教育，普及教育是他们文化的核心价值观之一。
高质量的教育体系为英语国家培养了众多的优秀人才，吸引了许多外国学生到这些国家留学。
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《英语国家文化》课程期末论文要求
1.题目自拟。
题目出自《英美文化基础教程》，你可以选择任何一章中你感兴趣的一点展开论述，比如你可以论述“英语的发展历史”，“英国的工业革命”，“英国和美国的某个作家”、“美国的政府形式”、“美国的教育”等，你还可以对英美两个国家的方方面面进行对比，比如英美两国的宪法、节日、宗教、教育等等。
2.论文形式
论文应该至少包含五个部分。
第一：Abstract/keywords（摘要/关键词）；第二：introduction（引言），第三：论文的主体（主体部分要根据具体内容进行详细划分），第四conclusion；第五bibliography(参考书目)
3.排版要求
论文要求用A4纸单面打印；
页边距设置为：上下20毫米，左25毫米，右20毫米；
正文字体字号：英文Times New Roman，小四号，1.5倍行距
标题字体字号：英文Times New Roman，三号，加粗
正文部分每段开头缩进5个字符位置段前段后0行
详细要求请见“参考格式”
4.字数要求
论文不得少于3000字，字数计算方法：WORD--工具--字数统计--字数
注意：统计字数时，看的是“字数”，而不是“字符数（不计空格）”和“字符数（计空格）”
5.论文上交时间
6月26日上课时带过来交给我。
逾期未交者无期末成绩，下学期需补考。
6.评分标准
（1）内容是否完整、论述是否清晰
（2）语言是否通顺流畅，语法词汇是否准确
（3）格式是否符合要求。
（4）不得抄袭，一经发现抄袭成绩直接记为0分。
（5）一经发现雷同论文，所有论文统一记为0分。