成语的翻译方法
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究汉英口译中，翻译成语是一个具有挑战性的任务。
成语在汉语中常常具有丰富的文化内涵和特定的含义，因此直接翻译成英语可能会导致信息的丢失或误解。
本文将从翻译成语的策略和技巧两个方面探讨汉英口译中成语的翻译方法。
一、策略1. 直译法：直接将成语翻译成与之对应的英语成语或短语。
这种方法适用于那些在英语中有对应翻译的成语，能够准确传达原文的意思。
“一字之师”可以直接翻译为“a master with a single stroke”。
2. 意译法：根据上下文和文化背景，将成语进行意译，选择与之相近或类似的英语表达方式，以传达其所含的意义。
“狼狈为奸”可以翻译为“in collusion”。
3. 逐字逐句法：将成语拆解成其组成的字词，并逐个翻译，然后根据上下文和语言习惯进行合理的组合和调整。
“画龙点睛”可以翻译为“add the finishing touch”。
二、技巧1. 注意上下文：理解成语的含义需要结合上下文进行，因此在翻译时应该注意上下文的语境，包括对话的语气、说话者的身份和背景等因素，以确保翻译的准确性和适应性。
2. 主动追求对等效果：在翻译成语时，应该追求在英语中与汉语中相同或相似的效果，以使翻译能够传达原文的意思和情感。
这样的对等效果可以通过翻译成英语成语、短语或合理的表达方式来实现。
3. 保留特定文化内涵：成语通常带有丰富的文化内涵，所以在翻译中要注意保留原文的特点和风格，尽量不丢失其中的文化意义。
“木已成舟”可以翻译为“it's already a done deal”。
4. 模糊化处理：在某些情况下，成语的翻译可能会受到文化和语言差异的限制，无法找到与之完全对应的英语表达方式。
此时，可以采用模糊化处理，以保持翻译的流畅性和可读性。
“以牙还牙”可以翻译为“tit for tat”。
在汉英口译中，翻译成语需要综合考虑成语的文化内涵、上下文语境以及翻译目的，选择合适的翻译策略和技巧。
汉译英_成语的翻译 2
二、 将四字词组译成短语，如介词短语、
副词短语、不定式短语
这种方法往往是套用英语中最简单的词
组或句型。
某位领导的讲话要求外交人员“立场坚
定、目光远大、头脑敏捷、业务熟练、 才华出众、风格高尚”， “A Chinese diplomat should be firm in stand, broad in vision, swift in wit, qualified in profession, outstanding in talent, noble in character.”
三、套用英语中意思相同及功能对等 的习语
四字词组中有很大一部分是固定词组，即成语。成语
往往带有浓厚的民族色彩和地方色彩。翻译时除了要 忠实地表达原文意义之外，还要尽可能保持原文成语 的形象比喻，丰富联想，修辞效果以及其民族、地方 特点等。有的成语和英语中的习语在内容和形式上都 相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有 相同或大体相同的形象比喻。汉译英时，如果遇到这 种情况，不妨直截了当地套用英语同义习语。这样的 译文可能会增色不少，基本能实现四字词组的美学价 值转移。
谚语俗语
亡羊补牢
Mend the fold after the sheep is stolen. 外来语 一尘不染 Free of dust 心花怒放
Be wild with joy\be elated
新生成语
分秒必争
Seize every minute and second Race against time 百花齐放
香港人、爱护香港人的旭日辉映下，满怀信心，升锚 启航，向着振兴中华，祖国统一的宏伟目标乘风奋进。 We are embarking on a new era. With the respect and trust from the entire nation, we will be much more equipped to sail forward with confidence and with conviction.We will play a part in facilitating the reunification of the entire nation, and bringing a better life to all in the nation.
成语英译方法
成语英译方法今日，为大家介绍成语英译的方法。
一、敏捷翻译1)比方形象不能被译文读者所接受，意译为佳。
例4、沉鱼落雁直译：something makes the fish dive down and geese fall.意译：dazzling beauty/ striking beauty解析：“沉鱼落雁”是极富东方特色的一种表述，中国读者当然非常清晰这里的“something”是指什么，但是国外读者唯恐难以知晓，甚至觉得可能是“雷电”或“飓风”等自然灾难让动物死亡。
既然“沉鱼落雁”的字面意义误导英语读者，便大可采纳应用意译的方式。
例5、灯红酒绿直译：with red lights and green wine意译：dissipated and luxurious开门见山直译：to open the door and see the mountain意译：to come straight to the point解析：以上两个例子，直译都会造成误会，采纳应用意译为佳。
在与其他文化接触时，人们很难摆脱自身的文化传统和思维方式，往往根据自己习惯的思维模式来解读，这就产生了难以避开的文化误会。
这就需要在翻译中留意换位思索。
2)字面上含有中国古代人名、地名，或出自寓言或历史典故的成语，最好绕开其文化背景，翻译其内涵意义。
若加上解释性文字，则失去了成语短小精炼的特点。
例6、毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study四周楚歌to be besieged on all sides解析：“毛遂自荐”指的是赵国平原君的门客毛遂自动请缨的故事，假如翻译时将毛遂的人名加上，不免让英文读者一头雾水。
而这成语本身就是一个典故，若是后缀英文解释又显得过于累赘。
成语俗语的汉译法
一滴汗，两滴汗，不知道多少万滴汗，才挣出那 辆车。从风里雨里的咬牙，从饭里茶里的自苦， 才赚出那辆车。那辆车是他的一切挣扎与困苦的 总结果与报酬，象身经百战的武士的一颗徽章。
天助自助者 aide-toi,le ciel ter l’arbre pour avoir le fruit.
有其父必有其子。 tel père,tel fils. 见树不见林。 les arbres cachent la forêt. 条条大路通罗马（殊途同归。） tous les chemains mènent à rome 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 oeil pour oeil,dent pour dent.
这时，我看到生产队里的饲养员杜大爷牵着三头牛 走过来了。我听到杜大爷咋咋呼呼地对牛说：“走 啊，走，怕也不行，丑媳妇脱不了见公婆！”
(《牛》莫言)
À ce moment-là, je vis maî Du, responsable de tre l’élevage dans notre brigade de production, approcher en tenant trois veaux par une corde. Il leur disait : «Allez, allez, pas la peine d’avoir peur, on dirait des laiderons qui ont peur de rencontrer leur belle-mère ! »
蛇年成语俗语同义的成语与俗语成语俗语俗语换成语同义的成语和俗语有关桥的成语或俗语有关蛇的成语和俗语有关雨的成语和俗语春天的成语和俗语成语对俗语
汉语四字成语的翻译技巧
目录引言 (I)摘要 (II)ABSTRACT (III)第一章四字成语的文化背景 (1)1.1成语的定义 (1)1.2成语的来源 (3)1.2.1 成语的语言特征 (4)1.2.2 成语的文化特征 (4)1.2.3 成语中体现的中西文化 (5)第二章成语的翻译策略 (5)2.1成语的直译 (5)2．1．1直译的定义和特点 (6)2．1．2直译的方法技巧 (6)2．1．3直译的实际运用 (7)2.2 成语的意译 (7)2．2．1意译的定义和特点 (7)2．2．2意译的方法技巧 (7)2．2．3意译的实际运用 (8)第三章成语翻译的艺术价值 (9)结语 (10)参考文献 (11)汉语四字成语的翻译技巧引言根据一般概念，翻译是将一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来的活动，但这个概念仍有它的欠缺之处。
它只提及语言的信息，未提及文化的信息。
美国的翻译理论家尤金·奈达曾给翻译下过这样的定义:翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。
虽然奈达把翻译扩大到语义和文体两个层面，但仍未提及文化信息的再现。
本问拟从文化信息(culture information)在翻译中的再现这个角度加以讨论。
1四字成语的文化背景1.1成语的定义1.2成语的来源1.2.1 成语的语言特征1.2.2 成语的文化特征1.2.3成语中体现的中西文化2成语的翻译策略2.1成语的直译2．1．1直译的定义和特点2．1．2直译的方法技巧2．1．3直译的实际运用2.2 成语的意译2．2．1意译的定义和特点2．2．2意译的方法技巧2．2．3意译的实际运用3成语翻译的艺术价值结束语<摘要>成语是在语言使用过程中形成一种独特的、约定俗成的、具有完整独特意义的语言。
其语义并非等同组成成分意义的简单相加，人们很难从个别词义猜出整个成语的含义。
那么，如何理解以及如何翻译成语就成为外语学习者面临的一个语言难点，也是外语学习者必须要解决的一个问题。
汉语成语的翻译
汉语成语的翻译1、生龙活虎: strong and healthy2、一团和气: Complete harmony3、好高骛远: aspiring spirit4、独断专行: Make independent decisions5、兴师动众: raise a big rumpus6、魂不附体: Nearly gave up the ghost/ out of one’s wits7、寄人篱下: Living with another family8、情投意合: be of one mind9、得陇望蜀: to hanker for more10、咬牙切齿: to grind one’s teeth11、一败涂地: be completely destroyed / be bankrupted12、鬼鬼祟祟: on the sly13、无法无天: run completely wild / wild and headstrong14、安分守己: behave properly / know your place and mind your own business15、无精打采: listlessly / depressed / in a low spirit / looked very downcast16、鸦雀无声: in silence / be strangely quiet / in absolute silence17、大惊小怪: make a commotion / be alarmists / make a fuss over sth.18、坐立不安/ 心情烦乱/ 如坐针毡/ 局促不安/ 心乱如麻/ 六神无主/ 手足无措/七上八下:be on tenterhooks19、欢天喜地: be filled with joy/ in high spirits/ gladly / be delighted / obviouspleasure/ happy/ in jubilation / delights20、一石二鸟/一箭双雕/一举两得: to kill two birds with one stone21、沧海一粟/ 九牛一毛/ 微不足道/ 微乎其微/ 不足挂齿/ 不值一提：a drop in the bucket22、对牛弹琴：to teach a pig to play on a flute23、过街老鼠：like a rat crossing the street / the object of universal condemnation/ abad man hated by everybody24、门庭若市: a much visited house/ a busy town/ bustling/ crowded25、望梅止渴：to gaze at plums to quench one’s thirst/ to console oneself with falsehopes/ to feed on fancies/ imagined satisfaction26、危如累卵：as dangerous as a pile of eggs/ hazardous in the extreme/ greatinsecurity/ in a precarious [critical] condition/ at stake [risk/ hazard]/in peril [jeopardy/ danger]/ dangerous/ perilous/ critical/ hazardous/precarious/ insecure/ risky/ unsafe/ touchy27、乱七八糟：at sixes and sevens28、招风惹草: look for trouble29、插科打诨：cut in a joke30、畅所欲言：speak one’s mind31、称心如意：be after one’s own heart32、了如指掌：at one’s finger-tips33、浑水摸鱼：fish in troubled waters34、成千上万：thousands upon thousands of35、水深火热：in deep water36、嗤之以鼻：turn up one’s nose at37、皮包骨头：skin and bones38、一触即发：touch and go39、一生一世：from the cradle to the grave40、一语道破：hit the nail on the head41、充耳不闻：turn a deaf ear to42、出人头地：be head and shoulders above others43、吹毛求疵：pick a hole in sb’s coat44、破釜沉舟：burn one’s boat45、大惊小怪：make a fuss about46、大海捞针：look for a needle in a bundle of hay47、颠倒黑白：talk black in to white48、得意忘形：have one’s nose in the air49、攀龙附凤：worship the rising sun50、大发雷霆：hit the ceiling/ fly into a rage51、骑虎难下：hold a wolf by the ears52、视而不见：turn a blind eye to53、三思而后行：look before you leap54、趁热打铁：make hay while the sun shines55、半信半疑: take sth with a grain of salt56、锦囊妙计: get an ace up one’s sleeve57、赴汤蹈火: go through fire and flood58、福星高照: have a lucky star above you59、进退维谷: be between the devil and the deep sea60、咎由自取: reap what he has sown61、口蜜腹剑: be fair without but foul within62、伶牙俐齿: have a ready tongue63、梁上君子: the light-fingered gentry64、每况愈下: be on the downgrade65、迷人眼目: throw dust into the eye of the public66、摩拳擦掌: roll up one’s sleeves67、全力以赴: do one’s level best68、忍气吞声: swallow the insult69、走投无路: come to the end of one’s tether70、游手好闲: eating the bread of idleness71、引狼入室: set the wolf to keep the sheep72、信口开河: shoot off one’s mouth73、一窍不通：not know the first thing of sth.74、扪心自问：Search one’s heart75、美中不足：a fly in the ointment76、自作自受: give sb. rope to hang oneself77、勾心斗角: put spokes in the other’s wheels78、杀气腾腾: make vicious attacks79、厚此薄彼: make fish of one and flesh of another80、得意洋洋: walk on air81、鸡毛蒜皮：trifling82、开门见山: come straight to the point83、狗急跳墙: do sth. desperate84、顺手牵羊: walk off with sth.85、守株待兔: trust to chance and stoke of luck86、铜墙铁壁: an impregnable fortress87、唇枪舌剑: engage in a battle of words88、黔驴技穷: at one’s end89、单枪匹马: all by oneself90、生龙活虎：bursting with energy91、见异思迁：a rolling stone92、苦苦哀求：be on one’s knees93、惹是生非: wake a sleeping dog94、毛骨悚然：be horror-stricken95、不屈不挠：indomitable96、班门弄斧：show off in the presence of an expert97、大刀阔斧：be bold and resolute98、故步自封：narrow-minded conservatism99、夜郎自大：ignorant boasting100、鸡犬不宁：be in great disorder101、汗马功劳：outstanding military exploits102、目瞪口呆：be stunned103、盘根错节：be too complicated104、三言两语：to explain clearly in a few words105、棋逢对手：be well-matched106、犬马之劳：work faithfully107、三心二意：be wavering108、雪中送炭：offering timely help109、血肉相连：maintain the closest relations with110、七上八下：be in a turmoil111、饱食终日：be content to eat three square meals a day and do nothing 112、叶公好龙：Lord Ye who professed to love dragons113、南柯一梦：sth vanished like a dream114、愣头愣脑：be somewhat rash in the head115、举目无亲：be entirely on your own116、毛遂自荐/ 自告奋勇：volunteer117、洗心革面、脱胎换骨：turn over a new leaf118、过河拆桥、忘恩负义：kick down the ladder119、专心致志、聚精会神：devote one’s full attention to120、陈词滥调：old stuff/ cliche121、痴心妄想：wishful thinking / fond dream122、长篇大论: a ponderous thesis / a lengthy speech [article]123、粗心大意：careless / negligent124、丰功伟绩：great [magnificent] contributions125、灵丹妙药：miraculous cure / heal-all126、自以为是、夜郎自大：self-conceited / arrogant 127、以怨报德、恩将仇报：return kindness with ingratitude 128、低三下四、奴颜婢膝：humble oneself129、宽宏大量、既往不咎：forgive and forget130、工于心计、唯利是图：be calculating and mercenary 131、意志坚强：tough-minded132、自私自利：be egotistic133、忠心耿耿：with loyalty and devotion134、死心塌地：die-hard135:、坚忍不拔：firm and indomitable136、顽固不化：be incorrigibly obstinate137、别具匠心：show one’s ingenuity138、别出心裁：try to be different139、招摇撞骗：swindle and bluff140、足智多谋：wise and resourceful141、仪态万方：appeared in all one’s glory142、丑态百出：act like a buffoon143、诡计多端：have a whole bag of tricks144、毋庸置疑：it is beyond doubt145、欢天喜地：be in the seventh heaven146、精力充沛：be in full of beans147、空中楼阁：castle in the air148、晴天霹雳：a bolt from the blue149、正中下怀：after one’s own heart150、毛发倒竖：one’s hair stands on end151、一箭双雕：kill two birds with one stone152、露出马脚：show the cloven hoof153、千钧一发：hang by a hair154、杀鸡取卵：kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 155、别有用心：have an axe to grind156、胡言论语：talk through one’s hat157、家徒四壁：to be as poor as Job158、不伦不类：neither fish nor fowl159、一视同仁：no respecter of persons160、千方百计：leave no stone unturned161、偷偷摸摸：hole and corner162、半斤八两：six of one and half a dozen of the other 163、九死一生：by the skin of one’s teeth164、直言不讳：call a spade a spade165、缘木求鱼：make a wild-goose chase166、钻冰求酥：hold a candle to the sun167、以冰致蝇：catch at shadows168、以狸饵鼠：lash the waves189、隔靴搔痒：beat the air190、打草惊蛇：wake a sleeping dog/ to stir up the grass and alert the snake191、易如反掌：as easy as falling off a log / to be as easy as turning over one’s hand 192、挥金如土：to spend money like dirt / spend money like water193、画蛇添足：paint the lily / to draw a snake and add feet to it194、掌上明珠：the apple of one’s eye / a pearl in the palm195、声东击西：to shout in the east and strike in the west196、刻骨铭心：to be engraved on one’s heart and bones197、井底之蛙：to be like a frog at the bottom of a well198、扬眉吐气：to feel proud and elated199、灯红酒绿：dissipated and luxurious200、纸醉金迷：(a life of ) luxury and dissipation一些时间的换形译法：1、三个月内：in a quarter of a year2、二十年的时间：two decades3、一百年前： a century ago4、二十五年前： a quarter of a century ago5、三月上旬：in the first ten days of March6、十八（架飞机）：a dozen and a half airplanes7、一位耄耋老人：an old man of over eighty years old8、八十七年前：fourscore and seven years ago9、年逾花甲：over sixty years old10、年过七旬：over seventy years old11、古稀之年：in the years of seventy12、而立之年：thirty years old13、不惑之年：over forty years old14、本世纪初二十五年：the first quarter of this century15、过去的十年间：in the last decade16、三十位学生：one and a half score of students17、两个星期： a fortnight18、五百年来：five centuries19、一个该题时代的儿童：a two or three years old child20、黄口小儿： a under ten years old boy21、一个金钗之年的少女：a twelve years old girl22、她正值豆蔻年华：She is in the year of thirteen or fourteen.23、他已近加冠之年：He is going to be twenty years old now.24、他英年早逝：He died of about thirty-five years old.25、她已进了开六的年纪：She is fifty-one years old.。
最全的中国成语的英文翻译
最全的中国成语的英文翻译最全的中国成语的英文翻译成语是我国独有的文化，当我国的成语翻译成英文会是什么样呢?下面是最全的中国成语的英文翻译，赶快收藏吧。
1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.2.百闻不如一见 (眼见为实 )Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜 white night6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat;burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.。
常见的翻译技巧：成语的翻译
⾸先要弄懂中⽂意思，其次追求完美(⼀) 套译汉语中的成语，英语中有⼀个意思⾮常接近成语，直接套⽤call a spade a spade 实话实说；实事求是reap what one has sown 种⽠得⽠/作茧⾃缚（区别褒、贬义和感情⾊彩）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵/涸泽⽽渔castle in the air 海市蜃楼/空中楼阁过河拆桥kick down the ladder格格不⼊ like a square peg in a round hole（⼆）直译在成语所包含的⽐喻和语⾔内涵被另⼀种⽂化完全接受的情况下，可以直译。
Trojan horse 特洛伊⽊马表⽰从内部起爆sour grapes 酸葡萄表⽰得不到东西的⼼理Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜，表⽰难解之谜a Judas kiss 犹⼤之吻，表⽰叛变、背叛（三）直译套译均可鉴于有些成语有对应的，但有些⼈喜欢把意思直接译出来to kill two birds with one stone ⼀⽯两鸟/⼀箭双雕crocodile tears鳄鱼之泪/黄⿏狼给鸡拜年声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye对⽜弹琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine（四）意译有些⽐喻和⽂化内涵不能另⼀种语⾔作接受in a pig’s whisper 低声的make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某⼈the skeleton at the feast令⼈扫兴的⼈a family skeleton 家丑叶公好龙 professed love of what one really fears⽑遂⾃荐 volunteer one’s service初出茅庐 at the start of one’s career（五）特别容易弄错的成语pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某⼈eat one’s words 认错，特别承认⾃⼰说错话dog-eat-dog 残酷的，特别表⽰竞争in the seventh heaven 极为开⼼背景知识：1、上帝并⾮只有耶稣基督⼀个⼉⼦，⼆⼉⼦是洪秀全2、耶稣基督的出⽣是因为上帝需要以他的死赎去全⼈类的原罪耶稣基督是处⼥⽣的，第⼀个⾎液纯洁的⼈（英⽂名麦当娜表⽰纯洁）3、苏菲的世界，Sophia表⽰知识，philosophy表⽰“爱知识”4、goose flesh 鸡⽪疙瘩goose step 正步goose berry 电灯泡（情侣幽会时的第三者）。
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修辞法
• 忠于原文，适当借用同义成语，同时兼顾 原文优美 • 不分上下 be neck and neck • 零零碎碎 odds and ends • 迂回曲折 twist and turn • 不劳而获 no pains, no gains • 以毒攻毒 to set a thief to catch a thief
借译法
• 有话不明说，许你们这样鬼鬼祟祟的干什 么？ • But why not talk openly instead of in this hole ―and― corner fashion? • 时不我待 time and tide wait for no man • 出生入死 go through fire and water • 按图索骥 look for a steed with the aid of its picture― try to find something by following up a clue
意译法
• 定义：仅保留原文的意思而不保留原文表 达形式 • 现身说法 warn people by taking oneself as an example • 一五一十 to tell the whole story • 拆东墙补西墙 have not change anything • 对牛谈琴 it is hard to make one understand who is freshman for your talking
直译与意译相结合
• 优 ：避免不懂中文的人不解而又保留原文 的形象 • 缺：不简洁 • 按兵不动 hold one‘s troops where they are ―take no action • 风餐露宿 braving the wind and dew • 坐山观虎斗 sit on the top of the mountain to watch both sides go for each other
翻译成语几点准则
• • • • • 1 翻译应根据上下文，运用不同方法，灵活变通 2 注意在全文中保持原文风格 这篇情书就像一篇干干巴巴的八股文 This love letter is like a dry textbook 3 凡是含有明显的民族和地方色彩，或含有人名 地名的成语，翻译时通常不能互换(多采用直译， 只能意译时选中性词，译成不带民族色彩) • 一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没 水喝 • One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys n译文语言规范和错误联想下， 保持原文风貌直接翻译 • 优点 生动，形象，易懂，原汁原味 • 一个是水中月，一个是镜中花 • One is the moon reflected in the water, the other but a flower in the mirror
直译加注释法
• 有些成语直译可能引起歧义和模糊，所以 加注原文的历史背景及典籍出处，更好表 达原文的意义 • 班门弄斧 show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter • 朝秦暮楚 to serve (the state of )Qin in the morning and (the state of ) Chu in the evening― be quick to switch sides
• • • • • • •
4 尽量使译文简洁，流畅，顺口 5 为使读者看懂可适当添词或删词 6 许多四个成语意思重复，只翻一组便可 花言巧语 fine words 筋疲力尽 exhausted 调兵遣将 move forces 油嘴滑舌 glib tongue
• 废寝忘食 forget food and sleep • 爱憎分明 understand what to love and what to hate • 混水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters • 不伦不类 not like this and not like that • 拆东墙补西墙 pull the east wall to make up the west wall • 对牛弹琴 play the piano at the front of the cow