词汇部分练习题参考答案

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11选10词汇题练习含答案6套

11选10词汇题练习含答案6套

It was already midnight. At one end of the big house, on a sort of a raised platform, Major was already sitting in comfort on his bed of straw. He was twelve years old and had __1__ grown rather fat, but he was still a majestic-looking (威武的) pig, with a wise and kind appearance. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves __2_ _ after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens rested themselves beside the window. The pigeons flew up to the rafters(房梁). The sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs (马蹄) with great care in case there should be some small animal __3_ in the straw. Clover was a motherly horse ___4___ middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth baby. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses ___5____ __ together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate ___6__ __, but he was ___7__ __ respected for his steadiness of character and ___8___ powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst ___9___ __. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some ironical __10__ _----for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would rather have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at.2.BJGHEKCDAIWhen Minnesota Bank and Trust opened in 2008, CEO Kate Kelly was determined to make it a place people wanted to work. So she __1__ three volunteers to the employee event committee and waited to see what would happen. Soon, there was lawn bowling, miniature golf, blue-jean Fridays and a(n) __2__ _ holiday trip to Wal-mart where each worker got $ 10 to buy a Secret Santa gift.‘It is nice every once in a while to just laugh,’ Kelly said. ‘There is a(n) ___3__ _ difference in the mood here after an event. Everyone is chatting and laughing. You don’t have to spend a lot of money.’Yet the __4_ __ is significant: people want to wor k there. And that’s important, according to a report __5__ __ by the Society of Human Resources Management. If employers don’t want their best talent to slip out the door for good, they need to develop the programs aimed at keeping their employees.Some executives say they are determined to keep their best talent and to spend the time and money necessary to __6 __ that all workers have a fun, engaging workplace where they feel ___7_ _. Kelly said her bank grew from 20 employees to 33 in four years. At the same time, she’s lost just three workers since 2008. It takes 12 to 18 months of training to replace a person who leaves. So her ___8_ __ in fun makes a lot of sense.Jessica Pecoraro is a member of the Women President Organisation. Every leader in that group ‘is looking for _9__ methods other than salary to motivate people, one, so they perform and two, so they stay.’Beyond money, they look for ways to have fun. Other _10__ on investments come in all sizes of smiles and in all manner of nuttiness(疯狂) that often have little to do with the job at hand.In this section, children are introduced to botany and zoology, and to the life cycle. And the circle of life is __1__ with the seasons, and the cycle of the seasons is explained. The help of the parent or teacher is much needed in explaining the seasons to young children.Most adults know that the seasons are not determined by the earth’s rotation (自转), which __2_ causes the daily cycle of light and dark. But __3__ _ in our educational system have left many parents and teachers with a rather unclear understanding of the cycle of the seasons. Surveys show that many Americans think the earth is closer to the sun in summer than in winter. In fact, the earth is farthest away from the sun in our summer and closest in winter, though the difference in distance is of minor importance. It is the tilt (倾斜) of the earth on its axis (轴) (toward the sun in summer and away from the sun in winter) as it ___4___ around the sun that causes the seasonal __5__ __ of winter and summer. To help children understand the sea sons in North America, it will be most useful to use a physical model. Here’s a simple suggestion for one.The seasonal __6__ between the earth and the sun can be __7___ _ to a child by putting a knitting needle through a tennis ball to ‘act’ as the ea rth and its axis. On the surface of the tennis ball, the equator (赤道) should be __8___ __ at right angles to the knitting needle. The tennis ball can then be circled around a burning light bulb in a plane(平面) __9__ __ to the floor at the same height as the bulb, keeping the axis at a(n) ___10__ _tilt toward the north. As the ball circles close to the bulb, the dark and light sides of the ball will be clearly seen, and so will the differences in light intensity on different parts of the ball.4.IFGEDKhJBCRobert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton. Do not think that I am very much impressed by that as a boxing title, but it meant a lot to Cohn. He cared nothing for boxing, in fact he disliked it, but he learnt it __1__ __ and thoroughly to fight against the feeling of __2__ __ and shyness he had felt on being treated as a Jew (犹太人) at Princeton. There was a certain __3__ __ comfort in knowing he could knock down anybody who was looking down on him, although, being very shy and a thoroughly nice boy, he never fought except in the gym. He was Spider Kelly's star pupil. Spider Kelly taught all his young gentlemen to box like featherweights, no matter whether they weighed one hundred and five or two hundred and five pounds. But it seemed to ___4__ __ Cohn. He was really very fast. He was so good that Spider promptly overmatched him and got his nose permanently ___5___ ___. This increased Cohn's distaste for boxing, but it gave him a certain ___6____ of some strange sort, and it certainly improved his nose. In his last year at Princeton he read too much and took to wearing spectacles. I never met any one of his class who remembered him. They did not even remember that he was middleweight boxing champion.I ___7____ __ all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together, and I always ____8___ that perhaps Robert Cohn had never been middleweight boxing champion, and that perhaps a horse had stepped on his face, or that maybe his mother had been frightened or seen something, or that he had, maybe, ____9_ __ into something as a young child, but I finally had somebody ___10____ the story from Spider Kelly. Spider Kelly not only remembered Cohn. He had often wondered what had become of him.WikiLeaks have no connection with the online encyclopedia or related websites. It is a non-profit organization that Assange and a few others set up in late 2006 in order to leak secret information ___1__ __ by governments and other organizations. Its philosophy, roughly speaking, is that secrecy can allow governments and other powerfulorganizations to get away with __2___ that are unjust, and that they would be pressured to operate in a better way if the public knew more about what they get up to.WikiLeaks generally ___3___ __ secret information either from computer hackers or from whistle-blowers(告密者) working inside governments and companies. It does not have an official director, or indeed official employees, but Assange, a 39-year-old Australian, is seens as the ___4___ __ force behind it.The leak that made WikiLeaks front-page news came at the end of November last year, when it started ___5___ ___ more than 250,000 top secret cables sent between the US State Department (foreign ministry) and US embassies (大使) around the world. WikiLeaks passed the documents to some major European newspapers, which began publishing what they considered the most interesting parts. Ths included information and opinions from US diplomats __6____ the governments of the countries they were working in, and the opinions of ___7___ __ in some countries (expressed in conversations with US diplomats) regarding other countries’ governments.Opinion on the recent leaks is ___8__ __. While many think WikiLeaks is enhancing democracy by increasing freedom of information, there are others ----including many US government officials—who think the leaks are __9_____ and dangerous. They say secrecy is often vital in ___10____ and diplomatic relations, as well as in military operations.6.A. bredB. exhaustionC. freshD. goE. knowingF. narrativeG. readingH. strugglesI. sunkJ. usesK. disappointmentsIn fiction, as in anything else, it is hard to do anything new. It’s hard to break rules that have never been broken. It’s ha rd to find new styles, and new rhythms, and new ways of structuring a ___1____ that keeps the reader engaged, and the reading exper ience ___2____. But what’s much harder than all of this is to change, or try to change, the way people think.In her new novel, NW, Zadie Smith has a(n) ___3___. She writes about a corner of North West London, and the people who call it home. She writes, in particular, about a group of people who grew up in the same community, the ones who seem to have survived and succeeded, and the ones who seem to have ___4____. She writes, in other words, about the hopes, and ___5___, and successes, and ____k___ of a group of people who were born and ___6___ in London, but whose parents weren’t. And she does this by hardly ever talking about the colour of anyone’s skin.It was, said Smith I an interview, one of the things she did to ‘amuse’ herself. ‘I remember as a kid,’ she said, ___7___ Updike or Roth, writers I loved, but half way through the book you’d have to deal with the appearance of ‘the black man’, who would be described as ‘the black man’. That can be quite exhausting to read, so I wanted to see if I cou ld create that ___8___ the other way round.’She ___9___, for example.The rhythms of London street slang to show that what’s often more important than race in a city of migrants, and children of migrants, is culture and class. A character, we can guess from the fact that her friend calls a ‘coconut’, is black. But skin colour is mostly only mentioned when it’s white.。

英语词汇题库整理答案

英语词汇题库整理答案

大学英语(全新版)词汇练习B4—1Back Next1. The future of the company will be very _____ if they can’t devise new models of products。

A) bleakB) chillyC)drearyD) prosperous2。

_____data have been collected for the building of the project。

A) EffectiveB)SufficientC) EfficientD)Affective3。

The talks with the laborers got _____ down on the question of the pay rise。

A) boggedB) draggedC) engagedD)occupied4. The old man became bored for lack of _____.A) professionB)occupationC)positionD) career5。

The endless appearances and shaking of hands are an evitable part of an election _____。

A)battleB)thrustC)siegeD)campaign6。

After a three-day _____ by the policemen, the terrorists who had seized the restaurant had to give in。

A)siegeB) assaultC)attackD)offence7。

We have just installed a fan to _____ cooking smalls from the kitchen。

A)ejectB)excludeC)expelD)exile8。

词汇习题100 及答案

词汇习题100 及答案

1. The curtain have _____ because of the strong sunlight.A. fadedB. dulledC. faintedD. weakened2. We need an umbrella on the beach to give us some ______ at midday.A shedB shadeC shadowD darkness3. Business picked up in the stores during December, but ______ again after Christmas.A dropped outB dropped onC dropped uponD dropped off4. He’s suffered from cancer for many years; it is so strange that he has _____ to the present day.A deprivedB survivedC derivedD revived5. The company has the ______ right to print Mr. Dare’s books.A virtualB exclusiveC overallD flexible6. Since the matter was extremely ______, we dealt with it immediately.A toughB tenseC urgentD instant7. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ______.A bareB vacantC blankD hollow8. It took the man several months to ______ the wide horse.A tendB cultivateC tameD breed9. The ratio of the work done by the machine ______ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A againstB withC toD for10. The young man doesn’t know what to ______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.A take overB take afterC take inD take up11. Tom looked very much _____ when he was caught cheating in the exam on the spot.A encouragedB embarrassedC disappointedD excited12. It is impossible to ______ the number of people in China who have acquired an adequate knowledge of English.A estimateB judgeC checkD decide13. If you _____ your children well, you will be proud of them.A grow upB bring upC get upD take up14. I love boiled beef and potatoes; it’s my ______ meal.A fondB popularC favoriteD private15 Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _____ sickness.A normalB ordinaryC averageD regular16. I know you think I’m talking nonsense, but _____ you will realize I am right.A at one timeB in timeC at timesD on time17. Here are comments about the behavior that people in Japan usually expect on various _____.A occasionsB casesC timesD circumstances18. We didn’t catch the train on _____ of the traffic jam.A basisB chargeC accountD behalf19. The flight was postponed because of technical problems and was finally cancelled last week when a ______was discovered.A defectB defeatC defenderD defence20. The government is to send a delegation to _____ the matter.A look intoB look forward toC look downD look in21. They don’t want to be told that certain jobs or offices are _____ to them just because they are woman.A openedB openC closedD close22. ______ a fire, hotel guests will be asked to remain calm.A As a result ofB In the event ofC In the honor ofD By means of23. The price of beer _____ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A alteredB separatedC rangedD differed24. The manager asked if it was possible for him to ______ the investment plan within a week.A work outB put outC make outD set out25. I’m very sorry to have ______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A interferedB impressedC offendedD bothered26. From the passage we can _____ that this kind of disease can be cured.A insultB inspireC refuseD infer27. It is believed that ______ spending will certainly lead to the bankrupt.A naturalB mysteriousC publicD excessive28. The team ______ twenty young people who were carefully chose for the work.A faces up toB get acrossC gives rise toD consists of29. I can _____ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud noise.A come up withB catch up withC put up withD keep up with30. According to the ______ of the contract, employees must give six months’ notice if they intend to leave.A lawsB rulesC termsD details31. I don’t believe that ridiculous scheme is ______ of our serious consideration.A worthlessB worthwhileC worthyD worth32. This article ______ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.A calls ofB calls upC calls inD calls for33. Our family can’t afford to buy a piano, ______ the piano lessons.A let aloneB let inC let onD let off34. When she was busy tiding the room, her little kid is always _____.A under wayB on the wayC in the wayD by the way35. His failure to pay the debts ______ the suspicion that he was not to be trusted.A concernsB confessesC confusesD confirms36. What was their _____ to the proposal that a dam be built at the foot of the mountain.A. remark B reaction C comment D opinion37. If a scene is likely to be offensive to the average person, then you may shorten or ______ that scene.A decreaseB deleteC repayD darken38. I had a terrible dream last night. I dreamed that I was running after something I wanted, but it was always beyond my _______.A reachB excessC controlD favor39. It is not that I mean to find _____ with you, but that you’ve really made a serious mistake.A weaknessB mistakeC errorD fault40. So _______ is the weather in England that by lunchtime there could be thunder and lighting.A variousB variesC variableD variation41. “ Sorry , there are no tickets _____ for tomorrow’s performance. ” the ticket officer said.A preferableB considerableC favorableD available42. A lot of people were ready to work long hours because high unemployment meant that they could easily be ______.A separatedB appointedC transferredD replaced43. Researchers are discovering that music can help healing sorrows in a ______of ways.A varietyB wonderC typeD thousand44. Did you notice the _______on the man’s face when he heard that Kino had found the pearl of the world.A appearanceB expressionC descriptionD outlook45. Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our ____ and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.A . personalities B. characteristics C. abilities D. qualifications46. The pupils are told that they can ______ success if they work really hard.A getB achieveC gainD acquire47. Last night, the electric lamps went out so we had to _____ candles to light the room.A lead toB contribute toC amount toD resort to48. He knows nothing about the car accident; it happened ______ to his arrival.A cautiousB curiousC previousD conscious49. You did not say that you were present, but words ______ that you were.A appliedB impliedC repliedD complied50. Internet marketing activities have _____ strategies to pull customers into sites.A figured outB let aloneC approved ofD focused on51. He’s something bad-tempered, but he’s a good fellow _____ .A in heartB out of heartC at heartD by heart52. People were not satisfied with the airport because the plane arrived one hour behind _____.A timeB planC dateD schedule53. The government completed the programs _____ great expense.A inB atC ofD with54. A written word is a sign of a certain sound and that sound is _____ the sign of an idea.A in turnB in detailC in caseD in particular55. After years of hard work, researchers have discovered a new ____ to cancer treatment.A approachB methodC channelD route56. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original _____.A considerationB judgementC estimateD decision57. When we think of communication, we ______ think of using words, talking face to face, writing messages and so on.A shortlyB namelyC vainlyD normally58. Let’s ______ the minor issues for the time being and concentrate on the important ones.A neglectB ignoreC finishD eliminate59. He can always _____ excellent proposal to help the company make profit.A come up withB come uponC come up toD come out60. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which ____ learners to practice these skills independently.A enableB stimulateC advocateD repeat61. Mobile phones have proved to ______ with flight instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety.A interfereB disturbC interruptD trouble62. In fact, the desire to improve one’s material life is an absolutely necessary key to _____ and social development.A economicalB economyC economicD economics63. ______ great efforts, we failed too carry out the plan through.A In spite ofB Now thatC WithD But for64. The student obviously had no _____ of doing any work that day, although it was only a week before the CET-4.A willingnessB ambitionC desireD intention65. With the gradual improvement of transportation and communication, farmers have now had easier _____ to cities and towns.A accessB reachC contactD touch66. We are lucky enough to have ______ supplies to last through the winner.A ancientB efficientC sufficientD proficient67. ______ the immediate danger of war, there will be an extraordinary meeting of Parliament.A Thanks toB Owning toC As toD Resort to68. There are no specific rules concerning eye behavior except that it is considered rude to ______ especially at strangers.A stareB lookC glanceD glimpse69. Yesterday I met an old friend of mine _____, which was really a pleasant surprise.A by means ofB by the wayC by chanceD by and large70. Low pay and poor housing conditions cause great ______ among the intellectuals in the city.A disapprovalB disgraceC distrustD dissatisfaction71. A survey released last week has suggested that air pollution poses a threat to the continued _____ of the race species.A existenceB presenceC absenceD reference72. I must _____ to you that my delay in answering your letter is due mainly to laziness.A regretB apologizeC confessD complain73. The Great Wall is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors every year.A attentionB attractionC appointmentD arrangement74. “You will have an accident unless you slow down,” his wife ______ him, but he did not listen.A warnedB blamedC informedD relieved75. We were deeply impressed by their important _____ to the success of the project.A. work B .determination C .improvement D. contribution.76. Using cable internet services for the first time can be a breathtaking experience. Images and text______ before your eyes instantly.A flashB flameC fleshD fresh77. George had difficulty swimming across the lake, but he finally succeeded on his fourth______.A attemptB processC displayD instance78. The old man choose a card _______ from the deck(一副纸牌)。

现汉词汇真题及答案

现汉词汇真题及答案

现汉词汇真题及答案【真题练习】一、填空题1. 汉语词类划分主要是根据词的()。

2. 语言中能够独立运用的最小单位是()。

3. “乒乓球热”由()个语素构成。

4. “他喜欢喝咖啡吗?”一共有()个语素。

5. “领袖、途径、国家”的构词方式是()。

6. 从内部结构关系来看,“米粒”属于()式复合词。

7. 基本词汇的特点有()、能产性和()。

8. 词义的性质:概括性、模糊性、()9. 词的转义主要是通过引申和()两种方法产生的。

10. “道歉”与“赔不是”的词义区别主要在于()色彩不同。

二、判断题1. 词不是最小的造句单位。

()2. 现代汉语中一个字就是一个词()。

3. 词根既可以是成词语素,也可以是不成词语素。

()4. 汉语中最能产的合成词构词形式是派生构词。

()5. “我骑自行车差点摔倒,幸好一把把把把住了。

”中的“把”是同音词。

()6. 判断:词的基本义不都是常用义。

()三、选择题1. 下列语素中,是不成词语素是()A.椅B.钱C.山D.高2. 下列词语中,()不是主谓结构。

A.月亮B.雪亮C.地震D.肉麻3. 下列各组词语中,属于同一个复合式合成词类型的是()。

A.主流腾飞汇集B.年轻美好善良C.司机推广美容D.压缩指正说服4. 下列词语不属于译音词的是()A.咖啡B.沙发C.幽默D.扑通5. 下列词语中,都是连绵词的一组是()A. 蝴蝶吩咐芙蓉B. 尴尬烂漫沙发C. 崎岖瑟瑟仿佛D. 参差苍茫眉目6. 下列词汇中,()不是外来词。

A.景气B.伶俐C.葡萄D.沙龙7. 下列属于互补反义义场的一组是()A.黑—白B.高—矮C.粗—细D.动—静8. 从词义的演变结果来看,“江”的古今词义变化属于词义的()。

A.扩大B.引申C.缩小D.转移四、简答题请说明“潺潺”、“刚刚”、“看看”三者构造方式的区别。

五、近义词辨析1. 从而进而2. 克制控制【参考答案】一、填空题1. 语法功能2. 词3. 34. 65. 联合6. 补充7. 稳固性、全民常用性8. 民族性9. 比喻10. 语体二、判断题1. ×2. ×3. √4. ×5. √6. ×三、选择题1. A2. B3. D4. D5. A6. B7. D8. A。

英语练习部分参考答案

英语练习部分参考答案

英语练习部分参考答案一、词汇练习1. 根据题目所给的中文意思,填写正确的英文单词。

- 快乐:happiness- 环境:environment- 决定:decision- 机会:opportunity- 教育:education2. 根据上下文,选择正确的单词填空。

- I have a lot of ___ to do today. (things)- She is ___ about her upcoming exam. (nervous)- The ___ of the meeting is to discuss the new project. (purpose)- He has a ___ for painting. (talent)- They are ___ to the beach this weekend. (going)3. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。

- The ___ (run) is very fast.- She ___ (be) a teacher for ten years.- The children ___ (play) in the park when it started to rain.- They ___ (not watch) TV last night.二、语法练习1. 将下列句子变为一般疑问句,并给出肯定和否定回答。

- I am a student.- Are you a student? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.- She has finished her homework.- Has she finished her homework? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.- They were at the party last night.- Were they at the party last night? Yes, they were. No, they weren't.2. 将下列句子变为被动语态。

高考英语词汇练习题及参考答案

高考英语词汇练习题及参考答案

3-18岁纯英式素养教化领航者:纯英式资深外教,纯英式国际领先教材,纯英式学习环境!优尼全能英语:高考英语词汇练习题及参考答案1. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.A. convictedB. arrestedC. chargedD. judged[答案] A. convicted.[注释]be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) :He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有谋杀罪。

)2. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.A. changeableB. alternateC. movableD. flexible[答案] D. flexible.[注释] flexible 敏捷的, 可变通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.3. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?A. in relation toB. in excess ofC. in contrast toD. in favor of[答案] D. in favor of.[注释] in favor of 赞成。

in excess of 超过。

in relation to 关系到。

in contrast to 与......相比照。

例如:1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我们盯定额多收入5000美元。

现代汉语词汇练习题(附答案)

现代汉语词汇练习题(附答案)

文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.词汇(一)(一)一、填空题一、填空题1.词汇是语言的.词汇是语言的______________________________________________________,是,是,是__________________________________________________________________________________________的总汇。

的总汇。

的总汇。

2.词汇包括词和语两部分,其中“语”是指____________,它主要包括,它主要包括,它主要包括__________________、、____________、、____________、、____________等。

等。

等。

3.词汇学是.词汇学是____________________________________的科学,狭义的词汇学研究的科学,狭义的词汇学研究的科学,狭义的词汇学研究____________________________________、、________________________、、________________________、、________________________等;广义的词汇学还包括了等;广义的词汇学还包括了等;广义的词汇学还包括了____________________________________、、________________________、、________________________、、________________________等。

等。

4.研究语言词汇的一般理论的学科叫.研究语言词汇的一般理论的学科叫____________,____________,____________,研究词汇的起源和发展演变的学科叫研究词汇的起源和发展演变的学科叫研究词汇的起源和发展演变的学科叫____________,____________,研究某一时期词汇系统现象和特点的学科叫____________,____________,研究某一具体语言或方言的词汇现象和规律的研究某一具体语言或方言的词汇现象和规律的学科叫学科叫____________________________________。

同等学力申硕英语词汇部分选择填空50题及答案

同等学力申硕英语词汇部分选择填空50题及答案

同等学力申硕英语词汇部分选择填空50题练习一wedding as we had1.The parents of the bride____ my presence at thebeen neighbors for years.D. insisted onC. stuck toB. clung toA. Persisted in2.____ the rain, the air quality would not be so good.A. Except forB.But forC. As forD. For all3.A ______ contest is i ntended to eliminate less q ualifiedcompetitorsbefore decisive contests.D. toughC. preliminaryA. FundamentalB. deliberate4.The US biodefence research is particularly controversial because of th sheer ____ of the effort.D. attitudeA. LatitudeB. magnitudeC. gratitude5.May argue that efforts like this will ___ the line between the North a the South.D. extendA. BlurB. enforceC. separate6.A national authority is to conduct on-site i nspections of these laboratories and ____ legal penalties for violations.A. ComposeB.exposeC. imposeD.suppose7.We cannot comment on whether _____ international standards shouldbe developed under this convention.A. BindingB. windingC. decayingD. governing8.It i s n ow impossible to assess whether s uch research is o f an ___ ordefensive nature.C. aliveD. optionalA. ActiveB. offensive9.This old man lives more in the present than in the past and ____ sport in a big way.C. goes in fores up withB. ends up withA. Falls back on10.These openness measures are equally i mportant i n the _____ ofpublic health.D. landscapeA. OccasionB. contextC. conditionKEYS1-5 DBCBA 6-10 CABCB练习二1. Western food can hardly ____ these y oung athletes from China whoprefer instant noodles.A. Appeal toB. adhere toC. keep toD. adapt to2. As she is busy with her business, she come back to see her parents on ____ days.A. DesperateB. alternateC. elaborateD. ultimate3. The municipal government _____ heavy responsibilities for the urban planning and development.A. ToleratesB. enduresC. withstandsD. bears4. A well-written biography c an ___ the barriers of time and bring t hehero back to life.A. break outB. break intoC. break offD. break down5. Being ____ about food, she doesn’t eat any chicken and pork, so fish her favorite.A. CasualB. particularC. indifferentD. crazy6. There is something wrong with the computer. It won’t ___ today.A. Touch downB. settle downC. calm downD. shut down7. We can not ____ his failure in the English Examination.A. Step inB. account forC. put forwardD. see about8. The central government has been working hard to keep China’seconomy____.A. DurableB. dubiousC. dramaticD. dynamic9. Some industries, such as construction and mining, have been ____.A. Male-dominatingB. male-dominationC. male-dominatedD.male-dominant10. Failure to provide ____ explanations for h is f requent blunders, thisyoung man was fired.A. RationalB. sentimentalC. eccentricD.skepticalKEYS1-5ABDDB ; 6-10 DBDCA练习三1. Only when you have accumulated enough credits will you be ___ to apply for the degree.C. eligibleD. elegantA. ElementaryB. exceptional2.Improving the English _____ of graduate s tudents i s actually ademanding undertaking.D.deficiency D. efficiencyA. SufficiencyB. proficiency3.Many words in English have ____ new senses with the passage of time and social development.C. taken onD. turned onA. Embarked onB. concentrated on4.This college graduate tried our company a third time, ____ to be turned down again.A. ButB. onlyC. yetD.as5.If you expect too much of the students, you are sure to ____disappointed and miserable.A. Grow upB. bring upC. end upD. come up6.Beginners o f English a re ____ to make many grammatical e rrors inspeech.D.likelyA. PossibleB. probableC. subject7.During volcanic_____ , dark clouds o f smoke fill the sky, b ringingfears to local residents.C. erosionD. erectionA. EruptionB. ejection8.A mere touch at the wall of the cabin can ____ the astronauts flying about in the space ship.A. EnableB.sendC. makeD. placegames for hours _____ does great h arm to one’s9.Playing e lectroniceyesight.D. on scheduleA. On purposeB. on endC. on business10.The ____ to the biggest desert in China comprised two senior experts and seven young scholars.C. explosionD. expeditionA. ExpansionB. exploitationKEYS:1-5:CBCBC 6-10:DABBD练习四1. Learners of a foreign language are advised to try to ___ the meaning o a new word from the context.A. Carry outB. fill outC. figure outD. put out2. Yao Ming is ____ the best -known basket ball player in China, who is now the leader of China’s Basketball Association.A. So farB. by farC. far fromD. far away3. These glass wares are too ___ to survive long transportation by land.A. FaintB. feebleC. fragileD. fierce4. Moving parts of machines and motor vehicles have to be ___ regularly to reduce friction.A. lubricatedB. fabricatedC. embeddedD. dictated5. The _____ of the space shuttle that h ad exploded in the air w erescattered over a large area.A. SegmentsB. fragmentsC. elementsD.ornaments6. I can’t ____ your idea for the simple reason that I have no prejudi against the handicapped.A. Go intoB. go overC. go throughD. go for7. Studies have proved that it is not wise to try to lose weight by __breakfast.A. SkimmingB. skippingC. scrubbingD. slapping8. Some surveys have suggested that the belief that the more money wehave, the happier we are is a _____.A. MythB. religionC. statementD. fable9. High school teachers used to judge students ____ academicperformance alone.A. In favor ofB. in charge ofC. in face ofD. in terms of10. The teachers are trying to ____ all the children into society.A. InsertB. integrateC. inspectD. indicateKEYS1--5 CBCAB; 6-10 DBADB练习五1. A new task facing biological security is to prevent _____ diseases and misuse of deadly agents.A. ExcessiveB. essentialC. epidemicD. exhausted2. Effective protection of intellectual property rights can benefit from education on academic _____.A. integrityB.integrationC. intensityD. intuition3. Some countries urgently need competent people to ____ a concept of development based on modernization.A. ManipulateB. implementC.evaluateD. isolate4. The way to ___ new words varies from person to person, depending on many factors.A. ReciteB. rehearseC. memorizeD. recall5. Workers at this toy factory had to suffer from ____ living and working conditions.A. NaiveB. nastyC. nativeD. naughty6. There’s the fear that parents might clone a child to have “spare pa ___ an organ transplant is needed.A. So thatB. as ifC. in caseD. in that7. Seeing the ghost -like figure, the man fled, _____ the door behind him.A. SlammingB. skimmingC.slippingD. slicing8. The ____ and creativity of these designers manifest themselves in thifashion show.D. desirabilityC. similarityB. originalityA. Availability9.Cases of cyber-______ have been increasing as a result of the diversification of frauds tricks.C. deceptionD. interruptionA. ConceptionB. perceptionqualify f or ____ 10.If the boy goes on behaving like that, he’llpunishment.A. SheerB. sharpC. severeD. shrewdKEYS1-5CABCB 6-10 CABCC。

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词汇部分练习题参考答案思考与练习一P186一、词和词汇有什么不同?词汇是一种语言里词和语的总汇。

词是能够独立使用的音义结合的最小的语言单位。

词汇是词和语的总集,单个词语不能称为词汇。

二、什么是语素?怎样确定语素?语素是语言中最小的音义结合的单位。

可以从二个方面确定语素:一、它是不能独立使用的。

如,“企业”中的“企”,它本身不能独立成词,只能与别的语素组合成词。

二,它是最小的音义结合体,“企”是“qi”这个音和“企”的意义组合体,二者互相依,不能再进一步切分。

三、什么是词,如何确定。

词是指表示一定意义并能够独立使用的最小的语言单位。

首先,能单说,能单独回答问题是词。

如,那是什么?———飞机。

飞机就是词。

其次,不能单说,但能单独充当句法成分的最小语言单位。

如,很好,“很”能充当“好”的修饰成分,是词。

三、把能单说、单用的最小语言成分提出,剩下的虽不能单说,也不是某个词的一部分的成分,也是词。

如,“你说吧”中的“吧”。

四、说明词、语素、音节、汉字的关系。

一个词可以由一个或几个语素组合而成,每个语素对应一个或几个音节,一个音节由一个汉字记录。

如,玻璃,是一个词,由一个语素构成,对应两个音节,由两个汉字记录。

企业,是一个词,由两个语素构成,对应两个音节,由两个汉字记录。

五、切词1、宗教\作为\一\种\文化,是\扭曲\的、畸形\的,与\人\的\发展\和\社会\进步\背道而驰。

但是,这\绝\不\是\说\宗教\文化\毫无价值\可\言。

恰恰\相反,由于\它\在\一定\的\时\空\范围\内\影响\了\人类\的\思想\感情\和\生活\方式,制约\了\社会\繁荣\和\历史\发展,并且\直到\现在,它\的\文化\形态\还\继续\存在,继续\发生\作用,因而\又\是\认识\和\了解\人类\历史\和\民族\文化\最\有\价值\的\社会\现象\之\一。

2、中国\文明\是\一\种\农业\文明,传统\农民\以\自耕自足\的\小农\经济\为\本,这\种\经济\基础\便\造成\中国\人\讲究\现实\利益\的\文化\心态,其\宗教\信仰\也\谋求\对\现实\的\生产\和\生存\现状\有\直接\的\救助,因而\中国\人\崇尚\多\神\信仰,甚至\对\直接\影响\其\现实\生活\的\生存\环境\产生\执著\的\崇拜。

六、为什么单音节语素比多音节语素构词能力强?现代汉语的语素绝大多数是单音节的,数量很大,自然构词能力也强,而且单音节语素与其它单音节语素或词组合构成双音节词,符合现代汉语词双音节化的趋势;多音节语素数量很少,而且在音节长度上超出了现代汉语对词汇长度的要求,不符合现代汉语词双音化的趋势。

七、指出下列词中的“化”是定位语素还是不定位语素。

变化、消化、融化中的“化”是不定位语素,绿化、美化、现代化、革命化中的“化”是定位语素。

七、下列词包含几个语素?奥林匹克模特儿迪斯科晴蜓一个语素;黄\河学\习伏尔加\河哈尔滨喜马拉雅\山两个语素;电\影\院三个语素九、现代汉语词汇有哪些特点?一、语素以单音节为主,词以双音节占优势。

二、词双音节化趋势明显。

三、使用词根复合法构词。

思考与练习二P199一、现代汉语中,多音节词会不会取代单音节词?不会,一、单音节词大多是从古代汉语中继承下来的,反映的是基本现象,存在历史长,使用频率高。

二是在使用过程中产生了新的意义,负载信息量大,构词能力强。

二、现代汉语词为什么以双音节为主要形式?由于汉语音节数量少,语音系统简化,单音节词会造成大量同音词,影响交际,双音节化可以避免出现大量同音词,有助于分词义,而且韵律的要求也促使词语双音化。

三、指出下列字是词、语素、音节?扯、苗、叶、学、耳、盟、丫是词,牲、绩、习是语素,鸪、琉、娑、佯是音节。

四、单音节词、多音节词和单纯词、合成词有什么关系?单音节词是由一个音节组成的词,多音节词是由两个或两个以上音节构成的词,单纯词可以是单音节的也可以是多音节的,合成词一定是多音节的。

五、参考教材190页六、分析合成词类型1、并列式开关基础解剖紧张爆破2、限定式烧饼林立瓜子热门公众3、支配式破产司令出神经济司机4、补充式照明揭晓布匹5、陈述式海啸夏至口轻6、附加式门儿铲子7、重叠式叔叔七、“绿化”与“分化”的区别?绿化是附加式,分化是复合式中并列式,绿化中的化已经虚化,而分化中的化意义实在,没有虚化。

八、缩略词的构成方式及与词的区别。

一、缩减式简单介绍——简介二、截取式清华大学——清华三、共用式中学和小学——中小学四、数字概括式阴、阳、上、去——四声区别,缩略语有全称,它是对全称的缩略而成的。

联系,缩略语在长期的使用过程中可以逐步固定下来,并取代原词,获得词的身份。

九、下列语言单位,哪些是缩略语。

人大、政协、三个代表是,因为他们有原型形式,泥石流、收容站、装卸工不是,因为他们没有原型形式或已经感觉不到原型形式的存在。

思考与练习三p208一、词义包括哪些内容?首先,词义包括词的词汇意义,是指词所表示的客观世界中的事物、现象和关系的意义。

如,“再三”的词汇意义是“一次又一次”。

其次,词义包括词的语法意义,词所表示的语法作用的意义,是一种概括、抽象的意义。

如,“软件、设备”可以作主、宾语,具有名词的语法意义。

再次,词义包括词的色彩意义,是指词所表示的某种主观倾向或使用情调的意义。

如,“果断”和“武断”都表示“有决断、不犹豫”的词汇意义,语法类都是形容词。

但是它们色彩意义不同,“果断”具有褒义色彩,“武断”具有贬义色彩。

二、为什么说词义是客观的?词义是对客观事物的反映,它包含着人们对客观事物的认识,具有客观性。

有些词所反映的事物在客观世界中不存在,但总是可以在现实社会中找到它们的影子。

如,“鬼、怪”等,不过是对现实的人的变形而已。

三、为什么词义是概括的?词义所反映的是同一类事物或现象的共同特征,而不是个别、具体的特征。

如,“候鸟”它所反映的是随季节变化而迁徙的一类鸟的共同特征,而不是某一只鸟,如大雁、野鸭,的个别特征。

四、词义民族性的表现。

民族性又叫社会性,词义是使用同一语言的社会成员约定俗成的,一旦确定下来,就具有强制性,个人不能随意改变。

“马”个人不能任意改变它的名称,叫它“鹿”。

民族性还表现在同一事物或现象在不同的语言中由于人们对它认识不同,可能用不同的词来表示,即使用一个词,可能概括的范围也不同。

如,汉语叫“公鸡”,英语叫rooster。

英语的brother,就包括了汉语的哥哥和弟弟。

民族性还表现在感情色彩方面,如,英语与“狗”有关的词往往是褒义的,而汉语与狗有关的词往往是贬义的。

五、词义发展变化的原因。

一是社会的进步,需要词义变化的来反映人们对社会事物或现象的认识的变化。

如,“百姓”在战国以前指百官,而到了战国后期,则指平民。

二是人类认识的深化,带来的人们对现实现象和事物认识的深化,这也会引起词义的变化。

如,“牛”《说文解字》上说“大牲也”,现代的词典解释为“哺乳动物……。

”三是词义的相互影响,导致词义的变化。

“快、慢”本指速度,当“快”产生出“锋利”的意思时,“慢”也就相应的产生出“钝”的意思。

六、词义发展变化的途径。

一是词义的扩大,指词义反映的事物的范围比原来扩大了。

如,江,本指长江,后来泛指一切江水。

二是词义缩小,指词义反映的事物的范围比原来缩小了。

如,瓦,本指一切烧制而成的陶器,后来专指建筑上用来铺顶的用料。

三是词义的转移,指词义所指称事物的更换。

如“闻”本指“耳朵听见”,后来指用鼻子辨别气味。

七、考查下列字意义的变化。

智力:原指智慧与力量,今指知识水平。

山东:山之东,今省名。

卑鄙:卑微鄙陋,今指人品的低下。

交通,相交相通,今指公路、铁路运输。

八、考察词的古今色彩的变化爪牙:原指得力帮手,今指助恶为虐的人。

逢迎:原指迎接,今指阿谀奉承。

九、指出下列词义的演变方式残年:原指一年的最后一段时间,今指老年、一年将尽的时候,属于词义的扩大。

老巢:原指鸟的老窝,后指坏人集会的地方。

属于词义的转移。

小说:原指街谈巷议,后指文学体裁的一种。

属于词义的转移。

报复:原指回报,今指打击损害自已利益的人。

属于词义的转移。

行李:原指出行所带的东西、外交官,今专指出行所带的东西,属于词义缩小。

检讨:原指检查讨论,今指自我批评、总结讨论。

属于词义的扩大。

思考与练习四p217一、指出单义词、多义词煤——单义苗条——单义报道——多义后台——多义创伤——多义领导——多义诚心——单义风景——多义挂彩——多义二、用词造句略三、解释词义,指出词义的变化本钱:原指用来经营的原始资本。

比喻可以依仗的条件。

空气:指围绕于地球周围的气体。

引申为某种环境、气氛。

推销:原指推荐销售产品,引申为向别人推荐自己。

走狗:原指猎狗,比喻帮助坏人作恶的人。

运动:原指物体之间的位移,引申为大规模的群众活动。

温床:原指培育幼苗的苗床,比喻为有利于事物发展的环境。

背景:原指舞台上设置的布景。

比喻为一个人所依仗的后台、势力。

幼稚:指年龄幼小。

借为思想上的不成熟。

四、多义词的转义及类型。

多义词最初的意义叫本义,由此而生出其它意义叫转义。

多义词的转义包括它的引申义、比喻义和借代义。

引申义是在本义或基本义的基础上推演、发展出来的意义。

如,深,本义是空间的深,后来引申出时间的长。

比喻义是指通过打比方的方法固定下来的意义。

如,近视,本义是视力缺陷,后比喻为目光短浅。

借代义是通过词的借代用法派生出来的意义。

如,丹青,本义是红色和青色的颜料,后借为绘画。

五、词义与语境的关系。

一个词的形成最初只有一个意义,在使用过程中相关的意义也由它来表达,这样就产生了派生义,派生义又不断分化出新的意义,词义越来越多,单义词也就变成了多义词。

但多义词在使用过程中并不会引起歧义,这是因为在使用过程中,由于特定的语境的存在,使其它意义被排除出去了,只有一个意义被显示出来,但有时由于使用不当,语境不能确定多义词的具体意义或几个意义都讲得通,就会产生歧义,因些,交际中,要注意多义词的正确使用,避免产生歧义。

思考与练习五P233一、辨析同义词见面——会晤(口语——书面语),战争——战役(范围大小),欺负——欺压(语意轻重),鼓励——怂恿(感情色彩褒贬),夸大——夸张(词义侧重不同),摧毁——摧残(感情色彩中贬),顽强——顽固——固执(感情色彩褒贬中),周密——严密——精密(词义侧重不同),宽阔——广阔——辽阔(范围大小),帮助——赞助——援助(词义侧重不同)二、指出反义词出——进高——低爱——恨饱——饥富裕——贫穷光荣——可耻干净——肮脏赞成——反对坚强——脆弱大方——小气节约——浪费善良——邪恶高涨——低落冷淡——热情平坦——高耸集中——分散三、分辨多义词还是同音词1、同音词2、同音词3、多义词4、多义词5、多义词四、什么叫同义词,如何辨析?语言中词汇意义相同,材料和构造上不同的词叫同义词。

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