HYDRODYNAMIC AND ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES OF A CYLINDRICAL JOURNAL BEARING
现代机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Engineering Drawings1.assembly drawing 转配图2.balloon 零件序号3.detail drawing 零件图4.view 视图5.full-section view 全剖视图6.Broken-sectional view 局部视图7.Convention 惯例，规范8.Cutting-plane 剖切图9.Sketch drawing 草图10.Interchangeable 可互换的11.Craftsman 工匠，工人12.Tolerance 公差13.Procurement 采购，获得14.Exploded drawing 分解示图15.Pattern maker 模型工，翻铸工16.Machinist 机械师，机工Lesson 2 mechanics1.mechanics 力学2.Acceleration 加速度3.Deformation 变形4.Stress 应力5.Sub discipline 分支学科6.Static 静力学7.Dynamics 动力学8.Mechanics of material材料力学9.Fluid mechanics 流体力学10.Kinematics 运动学11.Continuum mechanics连续介质力学12.static equilibrium 静力平衡13.Newton’s first law14.Susceptibility 敏感性15.Newton’s second law of motion16.Yield strength 屈服强度17.ultimate strength 极限强度18.Failure by bucking 屈曲破坏19.Stiffness 刚度20.Young’s modulus 杨氏模量21.Macroscopic 宏量22.Microscopic 微量putational fluid dynamics (CFD)计算流体力学24.trajectory 轨道25.Astrophysics 天体物理学26.Celestial 天空的27.Robotics 机器人学28.Biomechanics 生物力学29.Rigid body 刚体Lesson 3 Engineering Materials1.polymer 聚合物2.Ceramics 陶瓷3.Stiff 硬的，刚性的4.Fracture 断裂，折断5.Transparent 透明的，显然的6.Lustrous 有光泽的7.Delocalized 不受位置限制的8.Ferrous 铁的，含铁的9.Nonferrous 不含铁的，非铁的10.Tailored 定制的，特制的11.Hardness 硬度12.Tensile strength 抗拉强度13.Toughness 韧性14.Quenching 淬火15.Tempering 回火16.Stainless 不锈的17.Shield 防护，屏蔽，遮挡Lesson4 Mechanical Design1.mechanism 机构，机械2.Thermal 热量，热的3.Switch 开关4.Cam 凸轮5.Valve 阀门6.Beam 梁7.Phenomena 现象8.Screw 螺钉，螺杆9.Fasteners 紧固件10.Spring 弹簧11.Gear 齿轮12.Durability 耐用性13.Femur 股骨14.Quadriceps 四头肌15.Optimization method 最优化方法16.Stiffness 硬度17.Stock 原料，备品18.Noninterference 互不干扰Lesson5 machinery component1.pulley 滑轮，带轮2.Torque 扭矩，转（力）距3.Sheave 滑轮车，槽轮4.Disassembly 拆卸分解5.Stock 棒料，库存6.Woodruff key 半圆键，月牙键7.Axle 轮轴，车轴8.Spline 花键，用花键连接9.Bushing 轴瓦，轴衬10.Involute spline 渐开线花键11.Spindle 主轴，轴12.Groove 沟，槽；刻沟，刻槽13.Residual stress 残余应力14.Coupling 联轴器15.Distortion 变形，绕曲16.Misalignment 未对准（线），非对中17.Referred to as 把。
机械设备的润滑状态
后，转速再增高时，剪切速度增大，摩擦因数又会缓慢上升。
如前所述，Streibeck 曲线的建立是以滑动轴承为基础的，其
横坐标采用滑动轴承特性数 Zn/p 是很合理的选择 （其意义与
Sommerfield 数 ηω/p 相同）。但是随着摩擦学的发展，研究对象
日益丰富和多样化，仅用这个参数来表示摩擦副表面间的隔离
1.边界润滑
从使用寿命、可靠性、节约能源，降低材料消化等方面来看。
当然希望能够实现流体动力润滑或者弹性流体动力润滑，但是
有些情况往往不能获得理想的润滑条件例如：
维护与修理
设备管理与维修 輳輪
2.固体薄膜生成条件
在边界润滑时，起保护作用的是固体薄
膜。这层薄膜或由物理吸附形成，或由化学
反应产生。在具有边界膜的情况下滑动只发
（1）如果设计计算的油膜厚度与表面综合粗糙度的比值＜5 这样的金属盐的熔点则高达 1000℃，故可防护表面在高温下不
时；
发生胶合。当然任何化学反应都随温度升高而加速而且某些添
（2）多次重复启动停机。或者承受过高载荷，冲击载荷时； 加剂只有在高温下才会形成保护膜。在边界润滑条件下，磨损是
（3）零件的几何尺寸不当，油的黏度过低，供油中断或者对 不可避免的，常常需要不断补充或再生才能持续起作用。
程 度 是 具 有 局 限 性 的 。 美 国 的 Hamrock 教 授 提 出 ， 为 使
Streibeck 曲线更具普遍性，将横坐标改为油膜厚度与表面粗糙
度之比（比膜厚 Specific Film Thickness）λ。
λ=hmin/σ，hmin 为最小油膜厚度，σ 为摩擦副综合表面粗糙 度，σ=（σ12+σ22）1/2，σ1 为摩擦副表面 1 的粗糙度，σ2 为摩擦副表 面 2 的粗糙度，于是便有图 3。
机械工程专业英语单词
primary motion 主运动feed motion 进给运动Intermittent 间歇的简断的断续的instantaneous 瞬时作用的同时发生的Stroke 打击冲程行程循环周期feed per tooth 每齿进给量engagement 啮合吃刀量Working engagement 侧吃刀量back engagement 背吃刀量engage 啮合切入Unity 单一唯一统一单位tool cutting edge angle 主偏角Engine lathe 普通车床卧式车床removal 除去切削encounter 遭遇遇到Turret lathe 转塔车床tolerance 公差允许限度merit 优点特征价值值得Confine 限制在···的范围内封闭区域center 中心顶尖定心对中Center distance中心距顶尖矩compound 小刀架bench type 台式machinist 机械工人机械师repetitious 重复的反复的turret 转塔六角刀架blank空白空页坯料jot把...摘记下来匆匆地记下n一点少许小额recognition认识vague不明确的discontent不满意不安的v令人不满的perceptible可感觉到的package包裹捆wrap包装打包stack烟冲irritant刺激的有刺激性的exhaust用尽排除implied暗指的synthesis合成综合optimum最佳最优的optimize优选comply答应synthesize合成devise设计计划prototype原型样机originator创作者发明者accomplishment完成presentation提出展出supervisory监督的管理的versatile通用的多用途的handiscap障碍不利条件缺陷primary motion 主运动feed motion 进给运动Intermittent 间歇的简断的断续的instantaneous 瞬时作用的同时发生的Stroke 打击冲程行程循环周期feed per tooth 每齿进给量engagement 啮合吃刀量Working engagement 侧吃刀量back engagement 背吃刀量engage 啮合切入Unity 单一唯一统一单位tool cutting edge angle 主偏角Engine lathe 普通车床卧式车床removal 除去切削encounter 遭遇遇到Turret lathe 转塔车床tolerance 公差允许限度merit 优点特征价值值得Confine 限制在···的范围内封闭区域center 中心顶尖定心对中Center distance中心距顶尖矩compound 小刀架bench type 台式machinist 机械工人机械师repetitious 重复的反复的turret 转塔六角刀架blank空白空页坯料jot把...摘记下来匆匆地记下n一点少许小额recognition认识vague不明确的discontent不满意不安的v令人不满的perceptible可感觉到的package包裹捆wrap包装打包stack烟冲irritant刺激的有刺激性的exhaust用尽排除implied暗指的synthesis合成综合optimum最佳最优的optimize优选comply答应synthesize合成devise设计计划prototype原型样机originator创作者发明者accomplishment完成presentation提出展出supervisory监督的管理的versatile通用的多用途的handiscap障碍不利条件缺陷19envision想象遇见展望innovative革新的创新的mere仅仅的只不过uutmost极度的极端的decimal十进制的小数的decimal point小数点misplace错放误置reinstate复原修复cling粘着坚持依附于bug缺陷故障unforeseen想不到的未预见的superior高级的优良的上级的flourish繁荣兴旺inhibit防止阻止抑制防腐蚀detail drawing零件图psychologist心理学家fall in 落入符合归于属于incorporate 结合合并组成公司affirmative肯定的正面的赞成的n肯定确认deficiency缺乏不足之处bear out证明证实21reevaluation重新评价avaliability可得到的存在可利用recycle再循环dictate规定限定确定指挥serviceability适用性使用的可靠性操作性能耐用性feedback反馈promote促进发扬引起liability责任义务赔偿责任不利条件conceptual概念上的interdependence互相依赖相关性imperative命令的强制的必不可少的visualize目测检测设想具体化直观化prospect展望预期可能性前景v调查substantially实体上大体上充分的compatible相容的可共存的协调的相适应的insofar as到这样的程度在....情况下既然因为inevitable不可避免的必然的料得到的reveal展望显示揭示揭露n外露claim要求要求赔偿损失权主张断言claimant申请人提出要求者原告sue控诉提出诉讼提出请求23turing旋转车削车外圆facing车平面端面加工boring镗孔镗削加工reaming绞孔headstock头架主轴箱动力箱assembly装配组合组件部件tailstock尾架尾座carriage溜板leadscrew丝杠feed rod光杆schematic layout示意图简图way导轨abrasion擦伤刮去磨损geometric ratio等比bar stock棒料preload预加载荷tapered锥型的斜的longitudinally长度的纵向的轴向的thereon在其中在其上关于那紧接着quill活动套筒衬套钻轴空心轴swing摇摆摆动最大回转直径车床床面上最大加工直径Alternative 交替的替换的比较方案producibility可生产可制造可提出locating 工件定位放样accuracy 准确精确精度准确性survey观察测量综述全面的观察interior 内部的里面的内心的本质的strut 支柱支杆竖直构件支柱packing 包装组装填充物密封垫密封件coarse 粗的粗糙的未加工的不精确的infrequent 不常见的很少发生的bracket托架轴承架支座piston活塞柱塞shaft bearing轴承stress concentration 应力集中fit 适合适用装配配合装配适合符合objectionable该反对的mounting 安装安置装配配件spur 齿正齿支撑物spur gear 直齿轮直齿圆柱齿轮in this context 由于这个原因spline 把、、、、、刻出键槽case harden表面淬火rough 粗糙不光的shaving 剃齿剃齿状swarf 细铁屑in mesh 齿轮互相啮合scraping 刮削micron微米form grinding成形磨削dress 休整精整dressing 砂轮的修锐worm 蜗杆dresser休整器truing砂轮的整形true 真正的调整dressing diamond 休整金刚石surface roughness表面粗糙的excessive 过度的极度的非常的centerless 无心的没有轴心的grinding磨削otherwise 另外在其他方面forging 锻造的模锻锻件cylindrical圆柱的圆柱形的taper圆锥椎体gage量具测量仪表标准限度范围concentricity同心同心度pitch间距螺距周节reciprocating往复来回set up 安装装夹grinder磨床worthwhile值得做的相当的pitch diameter 中径bore枪膛气缸筒孔孔径孔tread 踩踏滑动面轮胎花纹duastrously 灾害性的造成巨大损失的boundary lubrication 边界润滑hydrodynamic 流体的流体力学的degenerate 退化变质简并elastohydrodynamic 弹性流体力学seizure 轧住卡住塞住咬缸hitherto 迄今至今向来lossely 松散的不精确的不严格的大概compromise 妥协折中兼顾综合考虑behave as 性能像···一样lining 衬层涂层覆盖fastener 紧固件，连接件acceptability 可接受性，接受，合格，满意disassembly 拆卸，拆除，拆开，分解，解体modular 模数的，制成标准组件的，预制的，组合的subassembly 组件，部件，局部装配，组件装配nut 螺帽，螺母拧螺母，装螺母appearance 出现，外观，外貌，外部特征versus ……对，与……比较，……与……的关系曲线，作为……的函数cotter 栓，开口销，楔用销固定cotter pin 扁销，开口销rivet 铆钉铆接，固定，钉铆钉literally 字面上地，逐字地，实在是，真正的，完全的nuisance麻烦事情，讨厌的事，障碍，刺激，损害rattle 发出喀拉声，发硬物震动声，喀拉声spring 弹簧，发条proportional （成正）比例的，平衡的，相称的suspension 悬挂，悬置，悬挂装置bumper 保险杠，缓冲器，阻尼器，减震器interdiscriplinary各科学之间的thermodynamics热力学encompass围绕包围interwind互相盘绕staggering交错交错的惊人的antiskid防滑的防滑轮胎纹prevail流行普及interface交界面interfacial分界面的分界面proceed进行继续做下去pneumatic气动的regime状态tread踩踏滑动面轮胎花纹。
河流动力学英语
水力学、河流动力学、流体力学专业词汇Fundamental Glossary in HydraulicsHydrostatics 水静力学Hydrodynamics 水动力学Physical properties of water 水的物理性质Density 密度Specific gravity 比重Kinematic viscosity 运动粘性Absolute viscosity 动力粘性Elastic modulus 弹性模量Surface tension 表面张力Temperature 温度Isotropic (y) 各向同性Anisotropic (y) 各向异性Uniform (ity) 均匀(性) Heterogeneous (ity) 不均匀(性)Main force 主要作用力Gravity 重力Inertia force 惯性力pressure 压力(强)Drag 阻力Mass force 质量力Surface force 表面力Constitutive relationship 本构关系Stress 应力Strain 应变Deformation 变形Displacement 位移Normal 法向Tangent 切向Shear 剪力Acceleration 加速度Angular deformation 角变形Local acceleration 当地加速度convective acceleration 迁移加速度compressibility 压缩性continuity连续性Scalar 纯量vector 矢量tensor 张量magnitude 模(大小) direction 方向Divergence 散度curl 旋度gradient 梯度Source 源sink 汇Frequency 频率amplitude 振幅phase 相位resonance共振Mass conservation 质量守恒momentum conservation 动量守恒energy conservation 能量守恒Initial condition 初始条件boundary condition边界条件Ordinal differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程Convection, advection 对流diffusion 扩散dispersion 弥散decay 衰减degradation降解Flow pattern流态flow type 流型Laminar flow 层流turbulent flow 紊流Supercritical flow 急流subcritical flow 缓流critical flow临界流Rapidly varied flow急变流gradually varied flow渐变流Uniform flow 均匀流non-uniform flow 非均匀流Mainstream flow 主流wake flow 尾流Steady flow 恒定流unsteady flow 非恒定流One-dimensional flow 一维流two-dimensional flow二维流three-dimensional flow 三维流Single-phase flow 单相流double-phase flow 两相流multi-phase flow 多相流Irrotational flow 无旋流potential flow 势流rotational flow 有旋流Open channel flow 明渠流free surface flow 自由表面流(明渠流)Pipe flow 管流pressure flow 有压流Jet 射流plume 卷流(羽流) cross flow 横流Stagnation point驻点separation point分离点Coherent structure相干结构bursting猝发turbulent intensity紊动强度Boundary layer 边界层viscous sub-layer粘性底层displacement thickness排挤厚度mixing length混掺长度Flow field, current field 流场flow net 流网Submerged discharge 淹没出流unsubmerged discharge非淹没出流Renolds number雷诺数Froude number 佛汝德数Prandtl number普朗特数Courant number柯朗数Peclet 彼克雷特数dimensionless number无量纲数Streamline 流线path line迹线Vortex line 涡线vortex ring 涡环vortex street涡街Flux 通量circulation 环量vorticity 涡度Water level , water stage 水位discharge , flow-rate , flow 流量Water depth 水深velocity 流速Roughness 糙率water surface profile 水面线bed slope 底坡Velocity fluctuation 脉动流速pressure fluctuation 脉动压强Instantaneous velocity 瞬时流速mean velocity 平均流速time-averaged velocity时均流速Depth-averaged velocity 水深平均流速velocity gradient 流速梯度pressure gradient压强梯度Cross-section of flow , wet cross section 过水断面Wetted perimeter 湿周hydraulic radius水力半径Hydraulic head 水头Elevation head 位置水头piezometric head测压管水头velocity head 流速水头Head loss水头损失frictional loss 沿程损失local head loss局部损失Entrance head loss 进口水头损失exit head loss 出口水头损失bend head loss弯头水头损失Abrupt expansion head loss 突扩损失contraction head loss收缩损失Transition head loss渐变段损失Hydraulic jump 水跃hydraulic drop跌水conjugate depth共轭水深Weir堰Sharp-crested weir 尖顶堰broad-crested weir 宽顶堰practical weir实用堰Orifice 孔口nozzle管嘴Dam 坝sluice 水闸spillway溢洪道Tunnel 隧洞penstock 压力水管culvert涵洞Aqueduct 渡槽siphon pipe虹吸管Energy dissipation device 消能工Stilling basin 消力池roller bucket 消力戽Baffle pier 消力墩plunge pool 跌水池Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump底流消能Energy dissipation by surface regime面流消能Ski-jump energy dissipation 挑流消能Nappe 水舌vena-contracta收缩断面Cavitation 空化cavitation damage 空蚀Aeration 掺气Water wave 水波water hammer水锤Hydraulic and river dynamics 水力学及河流动力学Sediment 泥沙bed load 床沙suspension load 悬沙wash load 冲泻质Incipient velocity起动流速settling velocity沉速Fluvial process河床演变de">Grounder water 地下水seepage渗透permeability 渗透性Similarity[simi’læriti] theory 相似理论Hydraulic modeling水力模拟Physical modeling 物理模拟Undistorted model正态模型distorted model变态模型Similitude 相似准则similarity 相似性full scale 足尺reduced scale缩尺Fluid measurement 流动量测flow visualization 流动可视化Transducer，sensor 传感器probe探头scale 比尺flume 水槽Numerical modeling数值模拟Finite element 有限元finite difference有限差finite volume 有限体积boundary element边界元Characteristics 特征线Scheme 方法(格式) algorithm 算法turbulence model 紊流模型Large-eddy simulation 大涡模拟Grid 网格node结点time step时间步长nodal spacing 结点间距Coefficient系数parameter参数Explicit 显式implicit隐式stability 稳定性convergence收敛性robustness（坚固性）健壮性sensitivity 敏感性accuracy 精度Error误差calibration 率定verification 验证application 应用prediction 预测reproduction复演Estuary hydraulics 河口动力学Coastal hydraulics 海岸动力学Open channel hydraulics明渠水力学Wave hydrodynamics 水波动力学Groundwater Hydraulics地下水水力学regular wave 规则波irregular wave 不规则波Tide潮汐spring tide大潮neap tide小潮diurnal tide全日潮semi-diurnal tide半日潮Computational Hydraulics计算水力学Environmental Hydraulics环境水力学Eco-hydraulics 生态水力学Hydro-informatics 水利信息学Dissolved oxygen (DO) 溶解氧chemical oxygen demand(COD) 化学需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量dilution 稀释度Pollutant 污染物constituent 组分eutrophication 富营养化Hydrology水文学Flood洪水flood routing调洪演算flood peak flow洪峰流量Runoff径流precipitation降水evaporation蒸发evapotranspiration 腾发, 蒸散发。
轮胎的抗湿滑性能 Wet Grip of Tires
Squeezing water film zone – the forward region of the contact area, dominated by hydrodynamic lubrication (HL) and elasto-hydro-dynamic lubrication (EHL) 牵引区 (即实际接地区) – 接地面后区， 以界面润滑 (BL)为主 Traction zone or actual contact zone - the rear part of the contact area, dominated by boundary lubrication (BL) 过渡区 – 介于排水区与牵引区之间，主要为弹性液动润滑 (ELH)和界面润滑 (BL) Transition zone – the contact area between squeezing water film and traction, dominated by elasto-hydro-dynamic lubrication (EHL) and boundary lubrication (BL)
Boundary lubrication (BL)
APAC19
报告提纲
Overview
过滤器类英文词汇
AAbrasion磨损Abrasive Wear磨料磨损Absolute Filtration Rating绝对过滤额定值Absolute Pressure 绝对压力Absolute Viscosity 绝对粘度Absorbent Filter吸收性过滤器Absorption吸收Accumulator蓄能器Acid酸Acid Number酸值Acid Sludge酸渣Acid Treating酸处理Acidity酸度Activated Alumina活性氧化铝Actuator执行机构Additive 添加剂Additive Level添加剂含量Additive stability添加剂稳定性Adhesion粘附Adhesive Wear粘着磨损Adsorptive Filtration吸附过滤Aeration曝气(空气悬浮在液体的状态) Agglomeration凝聚Air Bleeder 放气阀Air Breather通风装置Air Entrainment空气夹带Air Motor气动马达Air/Oil Systems空气/油冷却系统Air-Gap Solenoid 气隙电磁阀Alkali 碱Aluminum Alloy铝合金Ambient Temperature环境温度Analytical Ferrography分析铁谱学Anhydrous无水的Aniline Point 苯胺点Anti-foam Agent消泡剂Anti-friction Bearing耐磨轴承Anti-oxidants抗氧化剂Antistatic Additive抗静电添加剂Anti-wear Additives抗磨损添加剂Apparent Viscosity表观粘度Aromatic 芳香的Ash灰分Asperities凹凸Atmospheric Pressure大气压Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy原子吸收光谱法Axial-load Bearing轴向承载BBack Pressure背压Background Contamination背景污染Bacteria 细菌Bactericide杀菌剂Baffle挡板Ball Bearing滚珠轴承Bellows Seal波纹管密封Bevel Gear锥齿轮Biocides 生物杀灭剂Biodegradation生物降解Bitumen沥青Black oils黑油Blending掺混Blow-by漏气Boiling Point沸点Boiling Range沸程.Bomb Oxidation氧弹Boundary LubricationBreakdown Maintenance 故障检修Bridging架桥Bright Stock精致润滑油Bubble Point泡点Built-in-dirt内置污垢Burst pressure Rating爆破压力额定值Bushing衬套Bypass Filtration旁路过滤Bypass Valve (Relief valve)旁通阀CCapacity容量Capillary Viscometer毛细管粘度计Carbon碳Carbon (deposit)碳沉积物Carbon Residue碳渣Carbon Type碳型Carbonyl Iron Powder羰基铁粉Carcinogen 致癌物Cartridge Seal盒式密封Case Drain Filter壳体泄油滤清器Case Drain Line箱体排水管Catalyst催化剂Catalytic Converter催化剂转化器Catastrophic Failure灾难性故障Caustic腐蚀性的Cavitation空穴作用Cavitation Erosion气蚀Cellulose Media 纤维素介质Centralized Lubrication集中润滑Centrifugal Separator离心分离器Channeling沟道效应Chemical Stability化学稳定性Chip Control (grit control, last-chance) filter 粗砂过滤器Chlorinated Wax氯化蜡Chromatography色谱法Circulating Header System循环集箱系统Circulating Oil循环油Circulating System循环系统Clay Filtration粘土过滤Clean Room洁净室Cleanable Filter 可清洗过滤器Cleanliness Level清洁度等级Clearance Bearing空隙轴承Cloud Point浊点Coefficient of Friction 摩擦系数Cohesion内聚力Coking焦化Cold Cranking Simulator冷启动模拟器Cranking speed起动速度Collapse坍塌Collapse Pressure坍塌压力Complex Grease复合润滑脂Compound复合物Compounded Oil复合油Compressed Air压缩空气Compressibility压缩性Compression Ratio压缩比Compressor压缩机Consistency一致性Contaminant污染物Contaminant Capacity污染物容量Contaminant Failure污染物失效Contaminant Lock污染物卡紧Contamination Control污染控制Coolant冷却液Copper Strip Corrosion铜带腐蚀Corrosive agents.腐蚀剂Corrosion腐蚀Corrosion Inhibitor缓蚀剂Coupling耦合Cracking开裂Cracking Pressure破裂压.Crankcase Oil曲轴箱润滑油Cryogenics低温技术Cutting Fluid切削液Cutting Oil切削油Cycle循环Cylinder汽油缸Cylinder Oil气缸油DDeaerator除氧器Desiccant干燥Degas脱气Degradation退化老化Dehydrator脱水器Delamination Wear分层磨损Demulsibility抗乳化性Demulsifier 破乳剂Density密度Deplete 损耗Deposits沉积Depth Filter深度过滤器Depth Filter Media深度过滤器介质Dermatitis皮炎Desorption解吸Detergent Oil洗涤剂油Dewaxing脱蜡Dielectric Strength介电强度Differential Pressure Indicator压差指示器Differential Pressure Valve压差阀Directional Control Servo Valve方向控制伺服阀Directional Control Valve方向控制阀Dirt Capacity含污垢量Dispersant分散剂Disposable可处理的Dissolved Air溶解空气Dissolved Gases溶解气体Dissolved Water溶解水Double Seal双重密封Drag拖动阻力Dropping Point滴点Dry Lubrication 干润滑Dry Sump干式油底盒Dual-Line System 双管路系统Duplex Filter双联过滤器Dust Capacity含尘量Dynamic Seal动态密封EElastohydrodynamic Lubrication弹性液压润滑Elastomer弹性体Electrical Insulating Oil电绝缘油Electrostatic Separator静电分离器Emission Spectrometer发射光谱仪Emulsibility乳化性Emulsifier乳化剂Emulsion乳剂End Cap端盖Engine Deposits发动机沉积物Entrained Air空气夹带Environmental Contaminant环境污染物EP (Extreme Pressure) Lubricants极压润滑油Erosion冲蚀Externally Pressurized Seal外部加压密封Extreme Pressure (EP) Additive极压添加剂FFabrication Integrity Point制造完整点Face Seal表面密封Fat油脂Fatigue Life疲劳寿命Fiber Grease纤维润滑脂Film Strength油膜强度Filter过滤器Filter Efficiency过滤效率Filter Element过滤原件Filter Head过滤器头Filter Housing 过滤器外壳Filter Life Test过滤器寿命测试Filtration过滤Filtration (Beta) Ratio过滤比Fire point (Clevelend Open Cup)燃点Fire Resistant Fluid耐火液体Fixed Displacement Pump固定排量泵Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup)闪点Floc Point 凝絮点Flow Control Valve流量控制阀Flow Fatigue Rating流量疲劳额定值Flow Rate流量Flowmeter流量计Fluid流体Fluid Compatibility流体相容性Fluid Friction流体摩擦Fluid Opacity流体不透明度Fluid Power流体动力Fluid Velocity流体速度Flushing冲洗Foam泡沫Foam Inhibitor 泡沫抑制剂Foaming起泡Food Grade Lubricants食品级润滑油Force Feed Lubrication强制润滑Four Ball Tester四球测试机Free Air大气Free Water游离水Fretting微动磨损Fretting Corrosion微动腐蚀Friction摩擦Fuel Dilution燃油稀释Fuel Economy节约燃油Full Flow Filter全流过滤器Full Fluid Film Lubrication全流体膜润滑GGage量表测量Galling磨损Gas Turbine燃气轮机Gasohol乙醇汽油Gear齿轮Gear Oil齿轮油Gearbox (gear housing)齿轮箱Generated Contaminant生成的污染物Graphite石墨Gravimetric Analysis单位重量分析Gravity重力Gravity Separation重力分离Grease润滑脂Grease Fitting润滑脂嘴Grease Gun滑脂枪HHardness硬度Head端盖Heat Exchanger热交换器Heavy Ends重质馏分Helical Gear斜齿轮Housing外壳HVI高粘度指数Hybrid Bearing混合轴承Hydraulic Fluid液压流体Hydraulic Motor液压马达Hydraulic Oil液压油Hydraulic Pump液压泵Hydraulic System 液压系统Hydraulics水力学Hydro Turbine水轮机Hydrocarbons碳氢化合物Hydrodynamic Lubrication 流体动力润滑Hydrofinishing加氢精制Hydrogenation氢化作用Hydrolysis水解作用Hydrolytic Stability水解稳定性Hydrometer液体比重计Hydrostatic Lubrication流体静力润滑Hypoid Gear Lubricant准双曲面齿轮润滑IImage Analyzer 图像分析仪Induction period 诱导期Immiscible互不相融的Incompatible Fluids不相容流体Indicator指示器Industrial Lubricant 工业润滑油Infrared Analysis 红外分析Infrared Spectra红外光谱Infrared Spectroscopy红外光谱法Ingested Contaminants污染物摄入Ingression Level摄入等级In-line Filter直列式过滤器Inside-mounted Seal内部安装密封Insolubles不可溶物Intensifier增强器Intercooler中间冷却器Interfacial Tension (IFT)界面张力Ion Exchange离子交换Internal combustion engines.内燃机Journal Bearing径向轴承Kinematic Viscosity 运动粘度Lacquer油漆Laminar Flow层流Laminar Particles层状粒子Light Ends光端Light Obscuration不透光度Lip Seal唇形密封Liquid液体Lubricant Tester润滑剂测试仪Lithium Grease锂基润滑脂Load-carrying Capacity负载容量Load-wear Index (LWI)载荷磨损指数Lubricator润滑器Lubricity润滑度LVI低粘度指数MMechanical means机械设备Mechanical agitation 机械搅动Magnetic Filter磁性过滤器Magnetic Plug磁性塞子Magnetic Seal磁性密封Magnetic Separator磁性分离器Manifold歧管Manifold Filter歧管过滤器Mechanical Seal机械密封Media Migration介质迁移Medium介质Metal Oxides金属氧化物Metalworking Lubricant金属加工润滑剂Microscope Method显微镜法Mineral Oil矿物油Mineral Seal Oil矿物密封油Miscible可溶的Mixed Film混合油膜Mold (release) Lubricant 铸模润滑剂Moly钼Molybdenum Disulfide二硫化钼Motor发动机Motor Bearing发动机轴承Motor Oil机油Multigrade Oil多等级油NNaphthenic 环烷基Needle Bearing滚针轴承Newtonian Fluid牛顿流体Nitration硝化Nitrous Oxide一氧化二氮Nominal Filtration Rating公称过滤精度Non-Newtonian Fluid非牛顿流体Nonwoven Medium非织造介质Normal Paraffin正链烷OObliteration淤积Oil油Oil Analysis油分析Oil Change换油.Oil Consumption机油消耗Oil Consumption Ratio机油消耗率Oil Drain放油孔Oil Filter机油过滤器Oil Flushing油冲洗Oil Mist Lubrication油雾润滑Oil Mist System油雾系统Oil Oxidation油氧化Oil Ring油环Oil Sampling油样采集Oiler 注油器Oiliness油质Oiliness Agent油性剂Open bubble point (boil point)沸点Open Gear开放式齿轮Outside-mounted Seal 外部安装密封Oxidation Inhibitor抗氧化剂Oxidation Stability氧化稳定性PPaper Chromatography纸色谱分析法Paraffin石蜡Parallel Systems平行系统Particle Count颗粒计数Particle Counter颗粒计数器Particle Density颗粒密度Particle Erosion颗粒侵蚀Particle Impingement Erosion颗粒撞击侵蚀Particulates微粒Pascal’s Law帕斯卡定律Patch Test斑片试验PCV Valve曲轴箱强制通风系统阀Permeability渗透性Petrochemical石化Phenol苯酚Phosphate Ester磷酸酯Pinion小齿轮Pitch Line结线Pitting点蚀Plain Bearing滑动轴承Pleated Filter 折叠过滤器Pneumatics气体力学Poise (absolute viscosity)绝对粘度Polar Compound极性化合物Polishing (bore)抛光Polymer 聚合物Polymerization聚合作用Pore气孔Pore Size Distribution孔径分布Porosity孔隙Pour Point倾点Pour Point Depressant降凝剂Pour Stability凝点稳定性Predictive Maintenance预见性维修Pressure压力Pressure Control Valve压力控制阀. Pressure Drop压降Pressure Gage压力计Pressure Indicator压力指示器Pressure Line Filter压力管路过滤器Pressure Switch压力开关Pressure, absolute绝对压力Preventive Maintenance预防性维修Proactive Maintenance主动维修Process Oil工艺油Pump泵.Pumpability可泵性Pusher seal推动器密封QQuenching Oil淬火油Quick Disconnect Coupling速断耦合RR & O (Rust and Oxidation Inhibited)防锈和抗氧化Rate of Shear剪切速率Rated Flow 额定流量Rated Pressure额定压力Reducer异径接头Refining 精炼Refraction折射Refrigeration Compressor制冷压缩机Refrigerator Oil冷冻油Remaining Useful Life剩余可用寿命Rerefining再精炼Reservoir储液罐.Reservoir Filter油箱过滤器Residual Dirt Capacity残余污物容量Return Line回流管Return Line Filtration回流管过滤Rheology流变学Ring Lubrication油环润滑Ring Sticking环凝结Roller Bearing滚轴轴承Rolling Element Bearing滚动轴承Rolling Oil 轧辊油Roll-off Cleanliness清洁度衰减Rotary Seal旋转密封Rotating Equipment旋转设备Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test (RPVOT)旋转压力容易氧化试验Rust Inhibitor防锈剂Rotating shaft转轴Rust Prevention Test (turbine oils)防锈试验SSample Preparation样品准备Saponification Number皂化值r. Saturation Level饱和水平Scoring划痕Scuffing磨损Scuffing Particles磨损粒子Seal密封Seal Assembly密封组件Seal Chamber密封室Seal Face 密封面Seal Face Width密封面宽度Seal Swell (rubber swell)密封膨胀Sealed Motor Bearing密封电机轴承Semisolid半固态Servovalve伺服阀Settling Tank沉淀池Severe Sliding严重滑动Shear Rate剪切速率Shear Stress剪切应力Silt淤泥Silting残渣淤积Sintered Medium烧结金属Shear rate 剪切率Sleeve Bearing套筒轴承Sloughing Off脱落Sludge沉淀物Solid固体Solvency溶解力Solvent溶剂Solvent Extraction溶剂萃取Specific Gravity比重Spectrographic Analysis光谱分析Spindle Oil锭子油Spin-on Filter自旋过滤器Splash lubrication润滑飞溅Spur Gear正齿轮Static Friction静摩擦Static Seal静密封Stationary Seal固定密封Steam Turbine汽轮机Stick-slip Motion 粘滑运动Straight Mineral Oil纯矿物油Straight oil直馏油Strainer粗过滤器Suction Filter抽吸过滤器Sulfur硫磺Sulfurized Oil硫化油Surface Fatigue Wear表面疲劳磨损Surface Filter Media表面过滤介质Surface Filtration表面过滤Surface Tension表面张力Surfactant表面活性剂Surge突然升高Swarf切屑Synthetic Hydrocarbon合成碳水化合物Synthetic Lubricant合成润滑剂Synthetic Oils合成油System Pressure系统压力TThermal Conductivity热导率Thermal Stability热稳定性Thermography热象图Thin Film Lubrication薄膜润滑Thixotropy触变性Three-body Abrasion三体磨损Thrust Bearing推力轴承Tribology摩擦学Turbidity浑浊度Turbine Oil汽轮机油Turbulent Flow湍流Turbulent flow Sampler湍流采样器UUnbalanced Seal 不平衡密封Unloading卸载VVacuum Dehydration真空脱水Vacuum Distillation真空蒸馏Vacuum Pump真空泵Vacuum Separator真空分离器Valve阀门Valve Lifter阀门挺杆Vapor Pressure蒸汽压Variable Displacement Pump变量泵Varnish清漆Viscometer or Viscosimeter粘度计Viscosity粘度Viscosity Grade粘度等级Viscosity Index (VI)粘度指数Viscosity Index Improvers粘度指数增进剂Viscosity Modifier粘度改进剂Viscosity-temperature Relationship粘温关系Viscous粘的Volatility挥发性WWater-Glycol Fluid 水乙二醇流体Wear磨损Wear Debris磨屑Wear Inhibitor耐磨缓蚀剂Weld Point焊接点Work Penetration工作渗透Worm Gear蜗轮。
机械设计基础名词术语中英文对照表
凸轮 cam 半圆键 half round key 外圈 outer ring. 失效 failure 平键 flat key 打滑 slippage 正应力 normal stress
六画 优化设计 optimum design 动平衡 dynamic balance 动载荷 moving load 压力 pressure 压应力 compressive stress 合金钢 alloy steel 向心轴承 centripetal stress 向心推力轴承 centripetal thrust bearing 导向键 guide key 当量动载荷 equivalent dynamic load 曲柄 crank 曲轴 crank axle 曲率半径 curvature radius 有色金属 non ferrous metal 机构 mechanism 机架 framework 机座 machine base 机械 machine
2
九画 轮系 gear train 垫片 shim 垫圈 washer 带传动 belt driving 弯曲 bend 弯曲应力 bending stress 弯曲强度 bending strength 弯矩 bending moment 挡圈 retaining ring 残余应力 residual stress 残余变形 residual deformation 点蚀 pitting 相对运动 relative motion 相对滑动 relative sliding 相对滚动 relative rolling motion 矩形花键 square key 结构 structure 结构设计 structural design 结构钢 structural steel 耐磨性 wearing quality 脉动循环应力 repeated stress 轴 shaft 轴瓦 bushing 轴向力 axial force 轴 向 当 量 动 载 荷 axial equivalent dynamic load 轴向基本额定动载荷 axial elementary rated life 轴承 bearing
高分子物理常见名词释义
高分子物理常见名词Θ溶剂(Θ solvent)：链段-溶剂相互吸引刚好抵消链段间空间排斥的溶剂，形成高分子溶液时观察不到远程作用，该溶剂中的高分子链的行为同无扰链Θ温度(Θ temperature)：溶剂表现出Θ溶剂性质的温度Argon理论(Argon theory)：一种银纹扩展过程的模型，描述了分子链被伸展将聚合物材料空化的过程Avrami方程(Avrami equation)：描述物质结晶转化率与时间关系的方程：Kt-α，α为转化率，K与n称Avrami常数(Avrami constants) =-1n)exp(Bingham流体(Bingham liquid)：此类流体具有一个屈服应力σy，应力低于σy时不产生形变，当应力大于σy时才发生流动，应力高于σy的部分与应变速率呈线性关系Boltzmann叠加原理(Blotzmann superposition principle)：Boltzmann提出的粘弹性原理：认为样品在不同时刻对应力或应变的响应各自独立并可线性叠加Bravais晶格(Bravais lattice)：结构单元在空间的排列方式Burger's模型(Burger's model)：由一个Maxwell模型和一个Kelvin模型串联构成的粘弹性模型Cauchy应变(Cauchy strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品初始长度的形变分数，又称工程应变Charpy冲击测试(Charpy impact test)：样品以简支梁形式放置的冲击强度测试，测量样品单位截面积的冲击能Considère构图(Considère construction)：以真应力对工程应作图以判定细颈稳定性的方法Eyring模型(Eyring model)：一种描述材料形变过程的分子模型，认为形变是结构单元越过能垒的跳跃式运动Flory-Huggins参数(Flory-Huggins interaction parameter)：描述聚合物链段与溶剂分子间相互作用的参数，常用χ表示，物理意义为一个溶质分子被放入溶剂中作用能变化与动能之比2.11.2Flory构图(Flory construction)：保持固定拉伸比所需的力f对实验温度作图得到，由截距确定内能对拉伸力的贡献，由斜率确定熵对拉伸力的贡献Flory特征比(characteristic ratio)：无扰链均方末端距与自由连接链均方末端距的比值Griffith理论(Griffith theory)：一种描述材料断裂机理的理论，认为断裂是吸收外界能量产生新表面的过程Hencky应变(Hencky strain)：拉伸引起的相对于样品形变分数积分，又称真应变Hermans取向因子(Hermans orientation factor)：描述结构单元取向程度的参数，是结构单元与参考方向夹角余弦均方值的函数Hoffman-Weeks作图法(Hoffman-Weeks plot)：一种确定平衡熔点的方法。
Relationship between thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled liquids
Relationship between thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled liquidsJeetain Mittal1, Jeffrey R. Errington2, & Thomas M. Truskett1,31Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX2Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY3Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX[to appear in Journal of Chemical Physics]Diffusivity, a measure for how rapidly a fluid self-mixes, shows an intimate, but seemingly fragmented, connection to thermodynamics. On one hand, the “configurational” contribution to entropy (related to the number of mechanically-stable configurations that fluid molecules can adopt)1 – has long been considered key for predicting supercooled liquid dynamics near the glass transition2. On the other hand, the excess entropy (relative to ideal gas) provides a robust scaling for the diffusivity of fluids above the freezing point3-6. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that excess entropy also captures how supercooling a fluid modifies its diffusivity, suggesting that dynamics, from ideal gas to glass, is related to a single, standard thermodynamic quantity.Several theories of the glass transition are based upon the idea that supercooled liquids vitrify when their configurational entropy vanishes1,7-9. Moreover, experiments10,11 and computer simulations12-14 reveal a quantitative link between dynamics and configurational entropy in supercooled liquids, a prediction of Adam-Gibbs theory of structural relaxation2. However, the configurational entropy loses relevance at high temperature, and it does not generally correlate with dynamics far above the freezing transition. As a result, it cannot provide a comprehensive description of liquid-state diffusivity. On the other hand, the excess entropy, a fundamental thermodynamic quantity which captures the correlations between particles due to their finite volumes and mutual interactions, does capture the diffusivity of equilibrium fluids3-6. If excess entropy turns out to also describe supercooled liquid dynamics, which is the issue we investigate here via computer simulations, then the relationship between thermodynamics and dynamics will be much simpler than previously anticipated.We first examine the behavior of a “core-softened” fluid15 that belongs to a larger class of model potentials known to reproduce many of liquid water’s distinctiveproperties 15,16. In particular, we perform simulations for a broad range of thermodynamic conditions where the model displays pronounced increases in self-diffusivity D upon isothermal compression, a well-known experimental signature of supercooled liquid water’s dynamics 16. Figure 1(a, b) shows that the excess entropy s ex and diffusivity D of this fluid have strikingly similar dependencies on density ρ for a wide range of temperatures T . In fact, when plotted along curves of constant ρ (Figure 1(c)), we find ex exp[()]D A s ρ∝, where ()A ρ is a T -independent parameter. Fig 2 shows that this robust scaling is also exhibited by a model binary alloy 12 for conditions where it displays many of the experimental characteristics of fragile supercooled liquids 12,17,18. This is a stringent test since this alloy has become one of the most well-characterized model glass-formers.Adam-Gibbs theory predicts a different form of exponential relationship between D and configurational entropy s C , exp[()/()]C D B Ts ρ∝−, where ()B ρ is a T -independent parameter. Since Adam-Gibbs relationship can adequately describe the diffusivity for many liquids near the glass transition, it is natural to ask whether ex s and1()C Ts −− contain the same thermodynamic information about the supercooled fluid.Indeed, the inset of Figure 2 demonstrates that these quantities are linearly related (at constant ρ) for the binary alloy 12,18 over all conditions for which data is available.The results presented here represent, to our knowledge, the first evidence that ex s , which provides a scaling for the diffusivity of simple equilibrium fluids 3-6, also captures supercooled liquid dynamics. Moreover, since ex s is a standard thermodynamic quantity that can be approximated based on structural data from, e.g., scattering experiments 19, it also promises to provide the elusive link between structure and dynamics 20 of the liquid state.We thank Srikanth Sastry, Pablo Debenedetti, and Frank Stillinger for their useful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. Two of the authors (TMT and JRE) acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation Grants No. CTS-0448721 and CTS-028772, respectively, and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund Grants No. 41432-G5 and 43452-AC5, respectively. One of the authors (TMT) also acknowledges the support of the David and Lucile Packard and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundations. The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and the University at Buffalo Center for Computational Research provided computational resources for this study.1 P. G. Debenedetti and F. H. Stillinger, Nature 410, 259 (2001).2 G. Adam and J. H. Gibbs, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 139 (1965).3 Y. Rosenfeld, Phys. Rev. A 15, 2545 (1977).4 Y. Rosenfeld, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11, 5415 (1999).5 M. Dzugutov, Nature 381, 137 (1996).6 J. Mittal, J. R. Errington, and T. M. Truskett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 177804 (2006).7 J. H. Gibbs and E. A. di Marzio, J. Chem. Phys. 28, 373 (1958).8 X. Xia and P. G. Wolynes, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2990 (2000).9 M. Mezard and G. Parisi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 747 (1999).10 L.-M. Martinez and C. A. Angell, Nature 410, 663 (2001).11 R. A. Richert and C. A. Angell, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 9016 (1998).12 S. Sastry, Nature 409, 164 (2001).13 A. Scala, F. W. Starr, E. La Nave, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Nature 406, 166 (2000).14 I. Saika-Voivod, P. H. Poole, and F. Sciortino, Nature 412, 514 (2001).15A. B. de Oliveira, P. A. Netz, T. Colla, and M. C. Barbosa, J. Chem. Phys. 124, 084505 (2006).16 G. Franzese, G. Malescio, A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Nature 409, 692 (2001); Z. Yan, S. V. Buldyrev, N. Giovambattista, and H. E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 130604 (2005).17 W. Kob and H. C. Anderson, Phys. Rev. E 51, 4626 (1995).18 S. Sastry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 590 (2000).19 R. E. Nettleton and M. S. Green, J. Chem. Phys. 29, 1365 (1958); H. J. Raveché, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 2242 (1971); A. Baranyai and D. J. Evans, Phys. Rev. A 40, 3817 (1989).20 J. Mittal, J. R. Errington, and T. M. Truskett, in preparation.21 J. R. Errington, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 9915 (2003).Email addresses: jeetain@, jerring@, truskett@ (corresponding author)Figure CaptionsFIGURE 1. (a, b) Excess entropy and diffusivity versus density obtained frommolecular dynamics simulations of 1000 particles interacting via a “core-softened” potential (i.e., a Lennard-Jones potential plus a Gaussian repulsion; for details, see Reference 15). Symbols are simulation data, and curves are guides to the eye. The quantities are reported in reduced units of *B /T k T ε=, *3ρρσ=, *21/2(/)D D M εσ=, where B k is the Boltzmann constant; T is the temperature; ε is the energy scale of the potential; ρ is the number density; σ is the particle diameter; and M is the particle mass. The excess entropy ex s has been calculated using transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulations 6,21. (c) Diffusivity versus excess entropy for the data shown in (a, b) along paths of constant ρ (symbols). Symbols are simulation data, and lines reflect the form ex exp[()]D A s ρ∝.FIGURE 2. Diffusivity versus excess entropy for different density states of abinary Lennard-Jones alloy 12,18. Excess entropy has been obtained from the semi-empirical free energy expression reported in Ref. 18, and diffusivity has been extracted from the Figure 3 in Ref. 18. The lines reflect the form ex exp[()]D A s ρ∝. The inset shows the linear dependence between excess entropy and the inverse product of temperature and configurational entropy, C 1/Ts , the latter extracted from Figure 2 in Ref.12. The quantities are reported in the same reduced units as in Figure 1.Figure 1. Mittal, Errington, & Truskett (2006)Figure 2. Mittal, Errington, & Truskett (2006)。
机械英语词汇
1statics静力学,静止状态dynamics动力学,原动力,动力特征mating配合,配套,相连(的)mating surface啮合表面,配合表面gear齿轮,齿轮传动装置shaft轴meshing啮合,咬合,钩住bearing轴承,支承,承载lever杠杆,操纵杆,手柄,把手pulley滑轮,皮带轮cam凸轮,偏心轮,样板,靠模,仿形板magnitude大小,尺寸,量度,数值compose组成,构成journal bearing滑动轴承,轴颈轴承squeeze挤压,压缩,压榨,挤压squeeze out挤压,压出flaking薄片,表面剥落,压碎,易剥落的spall削,割,打碎,剥落,脱皮,裂片,碎片intuitive直觉的,本能的,天生的inherent固有的,本征的,内在的surmise推测,估计,猜测nevertheless尽管如此,虽然…但是,然而inertia惯性,惯量,惰性,不活动celestial天体的celestial body天体incapable无能力的,不能的,无用的,无资格的deformation变形,形变,扭曲,应变deformable可变形的,应变的acceleration加速度,加速度值,促进,加快resultant合的,组合的,总的,合力,合量scalar数量,标量(的)vector矢量,向量displacement位移velocity速度moment力矩momentum动量3constraint抑制,限制,制约,约束constrain强迫,强制,制约,约束,束缚sense显示,方向noncoincident不重合的,不一致的,不符合的parallel并行的,平行的,相同的,平行线perpendicular垂直的,垂直,正交,垂线product产品,乘积free-body自由体,隔离体sketch草图,简图,示意图,设计图drawing绘图,制图,图样couple力偶diagram图表,简图,示意图,用图表示出facet面,小平面,事情的某一方面kinematic运动的,运动学的pair一双,一对,一副,成对,配合kinematic pair运动副normal distribution正态分布normal education师范教育static equilibrium静力平衡external force外力internal 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bearing圆锥滚子轴承fivefold五倍(的),五重的stiffness刚性,刚度,稳定性frictional摩擦的,由摩擦产生的drag拖,牵引,摩擦,拖着,阻碍,阻力,摩擦力,阻尼wear磨损,磨蚀,消耗,耗损contaminant沾染,杂质,污染物质,污染剂sealing密封,封接hostility敌视,敌意,敌对through-harden整体淬火,淬透HV=Vickers hardness维氏硬度notwithstanding虽然,尽管…(还是)clearance间隙,裕度,空隙interference干涉,干扰,妨碍,过盈,相互影响interference fit过盈配合fret侵蚀,腐蚀,磨损,损坏fretting松散,微振磨损fretting corrosion微振腐蚀磨损,微动腐蚀abut邻接,毗连,支撑,端,尽头,支架chamfer在…开槽,倒棱,倒角,圆角swivel旋转轴承,转体,旋转raceway轴承座圈,滚道lubricant润滑剂,润滑材料,润滑的deterioration变质,退化,恶化,变坏tribology摩擦学13geometrical几何的,几何图形的and the like=and such like以及诸如此类,依此类推,等等noncircular非圆形的nonuniform不均匀的,不一致的,非均质的follower从动轮,随动机构,从动件,推杆spatial空间的,立体的linkage连杆机构,连接,低副运动链prescribe规定,命令,指示,吩咐categorize分类,把…归类,区别criterion标准,规范,准则,指标planar平面的,在(同一)平面内的,二维的locus轨迹,轨线,(空间)位置slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构arbitrary任意的,随机的,独立的,武断的concentric同心的,共轴的,集中的projection投影,射影,预测,计划coplanar共面的,同一平面的curvature弯曲,曲率,弧度relative motion相对运动kinematic design运动设计uniform motion匀速运动analytical解析的universal jiont万向联轴器restriction约束screw pair螺旋副15interdisciplinary各学科之间的,边缘学科的,多种学科的thermodynamics热力学encompass围绕,包含,包括,拥有,完成interwind互相盘绕,互卷staggering交错,交错的,惊人的,压倒的antiskid防滑的,防滑轮胎纹prevail流行,普及,占优势,经常发生interface交界面,分界面,界面,相互作用面interfacial分界面的,两表面间的,界面的proceed进行,继续做下去,开始,着手pneumatic气动的,气压的,充气的regime状况,状态,方式,方法tread踩,踏,滑动面,轮胎花纹disastrously灾害性地,造成巨大损失地boundary lubrication边界润滑hydrodynamic流体的,流体动力(学)的elastohydrodynamics弹性流体动力学degenerate退化,变质,简并seizure轧住,咬住,卡住,塞住,咬缸hitherto迄今,至今,向来,从来loosely松散地,不精确地,不严格地,大概compromise妥协,折衷,兼顾,综合考虑behave as性能像…一样lining衬层,涂层,覆盖17specification设计要求,规格书,任务书input quantity输入量output quantity输出量blank空白,空页,坯料jot把…摘记下来,匆匆地记下,一点,少许,小额recognition认识,识别,辨别,承认,重视,认可vague不明确的,含糊的,未定的,不明的discontent不满意,不满的,不安的,(令人)不满perceptible可感觉到的,能觉察得出的,明显的package包裹,包装,捆,束wrap包装,打包,覆盖,包围stack烟囱,堆,垛,捆,束irritant刺激的,有刺激性的,刺激物exhaust用尽,排出,排气implied暗指的,含蓄的,不言而喻的synthesis合成,综合,结构综合optimum最佳(的,条件,方式),最优的,最有利的optimize优选,选择最佳条件,发挥最大作用comply答应,同意,遵守,履行,根据synthesize合成,综合,接合devise设计,计划,发明,创造,产生prototype原型,样机,模型机originator创作者,发明者,创办人,发起人accomplishment完成,实施,成就,成绩,本领,技能presentation提出,展示,表示,表现supervisory监督的,管理的versatile通用的,多用途的,多方面的handicap障碍,不利条件,缺陷,妨碍,为…的障碍19envision想象,预见,展望innovative革新的,创新的mere仅仅的,只不过,边界utmost极度,极端,最大限度(的),最大可能decimal十进制的,小数的,(十进制)小数decimal point小数点misplace错放,误置,放错位置reinstate复原,修复,恢复,使正常,使恢复原状cling粘着,坚持,依附于,依靠,抱着…不放bug缺陷,故障,障碍,困难unforeseen想不到的,未预见到的,偶然的superior高级的,优良的,上级的,占优势的,优胜者flourish繁荣,兴旺,蓬勃发展inhibit防止,阻止,抑制,防腐剂detail drawing零件图assembly drawing装配图psychologist心理学家fall in落入,符合,归于,属于incorporate结合,合并,组成公司affirmative肯定的,正面的,赞成的,肯定,确认deficiency缺乏,不足之处,缺陷,不足额,亏空bear out证明,证实21reevaluation重新评价availability可得到的,存在,可利用,使用价值recycle再循环,回收,重复利用dictate规定,限定,确定,指挥serviceability适用性,使用的可靠性,操作性能,耐用性,可维修性feedback反馈promote促进,发扬,引起liability责任,义务,赔偿责任,不利条件conceptual概念上的interdependence互相依赖,相关性imperative命令的,强制的,必不可少的visualize目测,检验,设想,具体化,直观化prospect展望,预期,可能性,前景,调查substantially实质上,大体上,充分地compatible相容的,可共存的,协调的,相适应的insofar as到这样的程度,在…情况下,既然,因为inevitable不可避免的,必然的,料得到的reveal展望,显示,揭示,揭露,外露claim要求,要求赔偿损失权,主张,断言claimant申请人,(根据权利)提出要求者,原告sue诉讼,提出诉讼,提出请求23lathe车床turning旋转,车削,车外圆facing车平面,端面加工boring镗孔,镗削加工reaming铰孔drilling钻孔headstock头架,主轴箱,动力箱assembly装配,组合,组件,部件tailstock尾座,尾架carriage溜板leadscrew丝杆feed rod光杆schematic layout示意图,简图way导轨abrasion擦伤,刮去,磨损geometric ratio等比bar stock棒料preload预加载荷tapered锥形的,斜的longitudinally长度地,纵向地,轴向地thereon在其中,在其上,关于那,紧接着quill活动套筒,衬套,钻轴,空心轴swing摇摆,摆动,最大回转直径,车床床面上最大加工直径center中心,顶尖,定心,对中center distance中心距,顶尖距compound rest(车床)小刀架bench type台式machinist机械工人,机械师repetitious重复的,反复的turret(机床刀具)转塔,六角刀架age时效处理25machining机加工engine lathe普通车床,卧式车床removal除去,切削,切除encounter遭遇,遇到,碰见turret lathe转塔车床tracer追踪装置,随动装置,仿形板tolerance公差,允许限度merit优点,特征,价值,值得,有…价值confine限制在…范围内,封闭,区域,范围surface roughness表面粗糙度excessive过度的,极度的,非常的centerless无心的,没有心轴的grinding磨削(的)milling铣削otherwise另外,在其他方面,用其他方法,否则不然,不如是forging锻造(的),模锻,锻件cylindrical圆柱的,圆柱形的taper圆锥,锥体gage量具,测量仪表,标准,限度,范围concentricity同心,同心度,集中pitch间距,螺距,周节,螺旋线间隔reciprocating往复,来回(的),交互set up装夹,安装grinder磨床worthwhile值得做的,相当的,很好的pitch diameter(螺纹)中径bore枪膛,汽缸筒,孔,孔径,镗孔,打眼finishing operation精加工work工件27workpiece工件circumscribe与…外接,确定…的范围,限制chip碎片,切屑,切,削,刨scrap碎片,切屑,废品,废渣,碎片的,废弃,使成碎屑scarcity缺乏,不足,稀少,供不应求die模切,用模压成形,模具,冲模,压模medium介质,媒介物,机构,装置,工具imprint刻上记号,加特征,铭记,痕迹,特征primary motion主运动feed motion进给运动intermittent间歇的,间断的,断续的instantaneous瞬时作用的,同时发生的stroke打击,冲程,行程,循环,周期feed per tooth每齿进给量engagement啮合,吃刀量working engagement侧吃刀量back engagement背吃刀量engage啮合,切入unity一,单一,唯一,统一,单位tool cutting edge angle主偏角metal-forming process金属成型加工shaping牛头刨,刨削,压力加工,成形的planing龙门刨,刨削(的)broaching拉削honing珩磨lapping研磨cutting edge切削刃29flank侧面,后面,边,外侧tooth flank齿面rack齿条helix螺旋,螺旋线gradual逐渐的,渐渐的,顺序变化的generation生产,发生,制造,展成jobbing做临时工,重复性很小的工作jobbing shop修理车间involute渐开线,渐开的retract缩回,缩进,收缩,取消backstroke返回行程,回程epicyclic周转圆的,外摆线的hobbing滚削gash裂口,裂纹,划开,造成深长切口hob滚刀spur齿,正齿,支承物in this context由于这个原因,在这个意义上,在这方面,在这种情况下spline把…刻出键槽,用花键连接,花键,键槽,样条函数case-harden表面淬火,表面渗碳硬化rough粗糙(的),不光的,粗(未)加工的,粗制,粗加工shaving剃齿,剃齿法swarf细铁屑in mesh齿轮互相啮合scraping刮削micron微米form grinding成形磨削dress修整,精整,打磨dressing砂轮的修锐worm蜗杆,蠕动,爬行dresser修整器truing砂轮的整形true真正的,调整,精密修整,砂轮的整形dressing diamond修整金刚石tooth flank齿廓范成toothforming齿廓成形tooth module齿轮模数involute gear渐开线齿轮helical gear斜齿轮helix angle螺旋角spur gear直齿轮,直齿圆柱齿轮epicyclic gear行星齿轮internal gear内齿轮,内齿圈gear broaching拉齿gear hobbing滚齿gear shaping插齿gear blank齿轮坯料return stroke回程31dimensional tolerances尺寸公差alternative交替的,替换的,比较方案,替换物producibility可生产,可制造,可提出,可延长locating工件定位,放样accuracy准确,精确,精度,准确性survey观察,测量,综述,全面的观察interior内部的,里面的,内心的,本质的,内部,里面strut支柱,支杆,竖直构件支柱packing包装,组装,填充物,密封垫,密封件coarse粗的,粗糙的,未加工的,不精确的infrequent不常见的,很少发生的,不寻常的bracket托架,轴承架,支座piston活塞,柱塞shaft bearing轴承stress concentration应力集中fit适合,适用,装配,配合,符合,适当objectionable该反对的,不能采用的,不适宜的,不好的mounting安装,安置,装配,固定,配件interchangeability互换性seal ring密封环。