考研英语阅读理解基础班讲义(1)
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2011年阅读Text 3(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2011年阅读Text 3（上）这是一篇经济类文章，主要内容是市场宣传的作用和效果以及各种不同宣传手段之间的相互作用和影响。
文章内容比较贴近现实，易于理解，其中的词汇也是基础词汇比较多，接下来老师就为大家总结了其中的20个重点和高频词汇，希望对大家的词汇复习有所帮助。
1. 17television ['teliviʒәn]n. 电视，电视节目，电视机【词根记忆】：tele (远)+ vis(看)+ ion(名词后缀)→能看到远处的东西→电视机【真题例句】：Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 另外，欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更密切地合作。
(2005年翻译)2. 10advertisement [,ædvɚ'taɪzmənt]n. 1. 广告，公告，启事 2. 广告活动，宣传【词根记忆】：advertise(做广告)+ment(名词后缀)→1. 广告，公告，启事【短语搭配】：commercial advertisement 商业广告【真题例句】：While traditional “paid”media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. 虽然像电视商业和纸质广告这些付费媒体依然起主要作用，但是如今的公司能够利用更多媒体选择。
考研英语语法讲义
2017考研英语基础班讲义二〇一五年主编：Ada 司内部讲义翻版必究并列句一.定义：You may go with us, or you may stay at home.It was getting late; we had to go back.二．并列句连词1.表示转折关系的并列连词有：but, yet , nevertheless, while2.表示因果关系的并列连词有：for3.表示并列附加关系：and，not only…but also4.表示选择关系的：either…or neither….nor or三．并列句中的省略现象Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.(08)定语从句一．什么是定语二．定语的种类定语前置a lovely girl twenty students定语后置He give me a basket full of eggsA film about the life of workers.The ability to modify the environment.三．定语从句含义用句子做定语，放在被修饰对象的后面。
These are useful booksThese are the books which I needed in my research.区分：从句作定语和单词作定语的区别总结：定语从句的结构先行词+关系词+从句=定语从句四．定语从句的模式（一）先行词1.一个名词Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night…2．一个短语或者从句作名词概念We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.(2004年翻译)What the were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion ago.3.一个完整的句子He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend very much.（二）关系代词which/who/whom/that/whose1.关系代词指代人That/who都可以充当从句的主语，宾语或者标语，但是，若先行词后出现逗号，这时的定语从句只能用who引导。
2016考研英语阅读考点梳理
2016考研英语阅读考点梳理在正是考研学生暑期强化复习的阶段，尤其对于英语来说正通过做题巩固基础并提升水平，而在考研英语试题类型中，阅读无疑是大家最为重视的部分，也是必须通过大量做题来熟悉并练习的，可是仅仅做题就够了么?为什么有些同学也是每天做但是不见进步呢，甚至出现多做多错，开始恐慌的状态，那是大家没有掌握正确的方法，不是说你做多少题就能提升多少能力，而是在做题的过程中要学会分析、思考和总结。
从近几年的考研英语阅读我们可以发现，阅读文章主要是说明文和议论文。
说明文多见于人文、自然等科普读物，常通过定义、比较、对照等写作手法对事物的性状、特征、演变、结果或其相互之间的关系进行解释或揭示。
说明文的第一句通常为主题句，开宗明义、点明全文要说明的对象，如上所述，说明文的行文方式有其特点，即主要有比较、对照和分类几种格式，每篇短文以一种为主，有时几种兼用。
阅读说明文要抓住文章的主题，弄清短文的段落组织方式与行文格式，同时还要把握各层次(或自然段)的要点及其与短文主题的内在关系。
论述文往往渗透着作者的个人观点和态度，观点和事实相互混杂，读者难以分辨。
作者的观点态度有时通过旗帜鲜明的论点明述，有时则通过论证或驳论暗示，理解后一类论述文比前一类更难，因为这一类短文往往层次交叠，思路错综。
阅读论述文要从该文体的写作和结构特点入手，注意以下四个方面：抓住短文的论点，论据并明确作者用以论证的是归纳、类推还是演绎;论述文通常立中有驳、驳中有立，阅读中要特别注意其中的反驳内容;抓住论证中表示因果、递进和转折的意流转换信号词;注意作者使用的表达自己赞同、反对等感情色彩的形容词、副词或句型。
同时，观察历年考研英语阅读可以发现，要了解阅读文章其实很容易，共性很多，文章结构大致可以分为两种--总分总和总分。
总分总是说明文、议论文的共同全文结构模式。
其中说明文的基本模式是：引言(用事例、试验等引出问题)--分析(分析原因;实验过程等)--结论(建议、解决方案)，说明文阐述事物的原理、起因和可能的后果;而议论文的行文规则是：提出论点(常以事例引出)--提出论据并论证论点--得出结论，其最终目的是说服读者接受某观点，议论文要用逻辑和论据来影响别人的看法或行动。
英语语法长难句讲义
2015考研英语基础班讲义(语法长难句部分)考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise插入语或隐性定, market- oriented economy 分译in which在这种经济中consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.合译例3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policies and loans of low interest rate to those enterprises that could improve their structure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workers yearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this area hoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例 6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic development would be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7. She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine and medical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leraned form the internet the news that a serious explosion broke out in Xi’an a few days ago.观众从网上知道了这则消息：几天前，西安发生了一起严重的爆炸事故。
2017考研英语基础班语法课程补充讲义-蒋华 (1)
蒋华万学教育总部教学研究中心第一章动词及其非谓语动词动词1.It used to be so straightforward. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations（关系）from the paper and send it to their peers for review.2.No longer. The Internet …is making access to scientific results a reality.3.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.→It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant分词、（动名词、不定式）1. 分词的构成和意义a.现在分词b.过去分词2．分词的语法功能（1）分词做定语a)People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.b)（2006Text4）After all, what is one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?（2）分词做状语*Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.Given more time, I would be able to complete it.Reading the letter, she burst out crying.Mocked by everybody, he had my sympathy.Exhausted by the walk, he continued his journey.独立主格结构独立主格结构的实质就是分词的逻辑主语和主句主语不一致了。
2013考研英语基础班词汇-李伟
2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义English Vocabulary in Comprehension Period1.考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）----------------------------------------------22.考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）----------------------------------------------33.考研词汇综合应用（怎么用）---------------------------------------------74.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐--------------------------------------------13李伟5250911.考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）1.1英语作为外语（EFL ）词汇学习介绍艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线1.2词汇学习误区※死记硬背；※只记字面意思，忽视单词的其他意义；※单一的记忆方法；※词汇记忆缺少主次之分；※词典工具书使用不当。
1.1.33考研词汇考查方式与学习策略※二元单词学习法；※语义场学习法；※基于文本学习法；※基于构词法学习法。
2.考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）2.1精选词缀第一辑：表示否定第二辑：一正一邪第三辑：一前一后第四辑：上上下下第五辑：由远及近250912.2精选词根第一辑：千言万语第二辑：看书识字第三辑：自己动手第四辑：来来往往第五辑：明知故放第六辑：川流不息第七辑：手到擒来第八辑：其他词根1.claim,clam =cry,shout 喊叫【例词】exclaim ：呼喊，惊叫2.dict =say 言，说，也作dic【例词】contradict ：反驳，同…相矛盾，与…相抵触3.log =speak 言，说；另注：logu =speak【例词】eloquent ：有口才的，雄辩的，有说服力的4.spect =look 看；也作spic,spec 【例词】retrospect ：回顾，追溯5.vis,vid =see 看【例词】invisible ：看不见的6.gram =write,draw 写，画，文字，图形，也作graph 【例词】telegram ：电报7.liter =letter 文字，字母【例词】illiteracy ：不识字，文盲，未受教育，无知8.ag =do,act 做，动【例词】agent ：代理人9.fact =do,make 做；也作fac ，fec 【例词】manufacture ：制造，加工10.mob =move 动【例词】immobile ：不动的，固定的11.oper =work 工作【例词】co-operate ：合作，协作2591 15.fer=bring,carry带，拿【例词】transfer：转移，传递，转让16.gress=go,walk行走【例词】retrogress：后退，退步，退化17.it=go行走【例词】exit：出口，退出，太平门18.port=carry拿，带，运【例词】transportation：运送，运输，客运，货运19.ven=come来【例词】intervene：干预，干涉，介入20.cogn=know知道【例词】cognition：认识，认知21.sci=know知【例词】conscious：有意识的，自觉的22.pon=put放置【例词】postpone：退后，推迟，延期23.pos=put放置【例词】expose：揭露，揭发，使…暴露24.flu=flow流【例词】superfluous：过剩的，多余的25.fus=pour灌，流，倾泻【例词】transfuse：移注，灌输，输（血）26.hibit=hold拿，持，握【例词】exhibit：展出，展览，陈列，展示27.tain,ten,tin=hold握，持，守【例词】maintain：保持，保存，维持28.ann=year年，也作enn【例词】anniversary：周年纪念日，周年纪念29.bell=war战争【例词】rebel：反叛，反抗30.brev=short短【例词】abbreviation：缩写，缩短，节略，缩写词31.clar=clear清楚，明白【例词】clarify：讲清楚，阐明，澄清32.cord=heart心【例词】discord：不一致，不协调，不和33.liber =free 自由【例词】liberate ：解放，使获自由，释放34.miss =send 投，送，发；也作mit,mis 【例词】transmit ：传送，播送，发送35.nomin =name 名【例词】nominate ：提名，任命36.tract =draw 拉，抽，引【例词】tractor ：拖拉机37.vac =empty 空，也作vacu【例词】evacuate ：撤走，疏散，撤离3.考研词汇综合应用—怎么用【真题应用示范】冷僻词汇1.同位释义Euthanasia ,often called mercy killing,has now been in practice in some countries even if it is still a controversy.Obesity ,or fatness,has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people.About 300water,2.On red,orange,Jane was Stones are than rock.So it seems She is 3.The exist now.4.近义释义It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell out $30for paternity testing kit (PTK)at his local drugstore –and another $120to get the results.…paternity and kinship testing ……ancestry testing……genetic testing ……DNA testing…5.语音释义外来词：Hormone,Mahjong,koala,éclair,madam,delta,El Nino,应用词汇1.熟词僻义Hot air.Hot cell Hot debateIt’s very hot here!I am hot !Reasoning plays a decisive role in the debate.The executives are going to summer at the seaside next week.This phenomenon clearly mirrors a terrible social crisis:……This trend echoed by the chart can be viewed as an optimistic change in our daily life.These seemingly brutal animals won’t attack unless they are cornered .Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.2.热点词汇【范例一】In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture.….Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,”these were stores “anyone could enter,regardless of class or background.This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”The mass media,advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Rodriguez notes that …,yet “some Americans …to the nation’s assimilative power.”（2006年阅读第1篇）21.The word “homogenizing homogenizing””(Line [A]identifying [B]associating [C]assimilating [D]monopolizingHabits are a funny thing.We reach relaxing into the unconscious comfort unreflecting herd,”William century,even the word “habit”carries a 21.The view of Wordsworth habit is [A].casual [B].familiar [C].mechanical [D].changeable【范例三】In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA)listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.….（2008年阅读第3篇）t 259131.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C]compare different generations of NBA players.[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.【范例四】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly,they argue,is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that…and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.（2003年阅读第3篇）51.According to those who support mergers,railway monopoly is unlikely because________.[A]cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat【范例五】….Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers20to30percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive,time consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.（2003年阅读第3篇）53.It can be inferred from paragraph3that________.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business【范例六】In1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52, was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the months of his slaves.That’s far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books…….（2008年阅读第4篇）36.George WashingtonWashington’’s dental surgery is mentioned to____.[A]show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B]demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C]stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.[D]reveal some unknown aspect of his life.【范例七】In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family25091economics.Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.Today’s families ….As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had ....（2007年阅读第3篇）31.Today Today’’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ____.[A]the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B]their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C]they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D]they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.【范例八】Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying …Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put another way,expert performers –whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computer programming –are nearly always made,not born.（2007年阅读第1篇）24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that ____.[A]talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B]biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C]the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D]high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.识记词汇合成、派生、混合——曲折迂回A ：合成Policymaker,lawmaker,moonlight,moonbeam,mooncraft,warhorse,warpath,warlord,greenhouse,green-eyed,greenroom ,palmtop,counterbalance,rainbird,ladybird,dog days B ：派生desertification,futurologist,forepayment,C ：混合motel,bioterrorist,Interpol,heliport,ecosystem,Netizen【阅读应用示范】A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but,if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world’s best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had invented and which sat at25091the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed!In 1995the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.“American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,D.C.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”1.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy2.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises [C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions [D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market参考答案：CDWhen it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet.But the47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting,filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to,either.Most of her clients spend $12to $50weekly,but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.“I’m a good economic indicator,”she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.”So Spero is downscaling,shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home,instead of Neiman Marcus.“I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.”she says.1.By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Lines 1-2,Paragraph 1),the author means52.o ________.[A]Spero can hardly maintain her business [B]Spero is too much engaged in her work [C]Spero has grown out of her bad habit [D]Spero is not in a desperate situation参考答案：D【完形应用示范】The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately ownedbusinesses play 41roles.The American free enterprise system42private ownershipmore than public sectors.Private businesses produce 43goods and services,44almosttwo-thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to 45for personal use.The consumerrole is 46great,in fact,that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “47economy”.This emphasis48private ownership arises,49,from American beliefs aboutpersonal freedom.From the time the government power,and they have including its role in the economic realm.53,American generally believe to operate more54than55forces are unfettered,Americans services.Prices,in turn,tell businesses than the economy is producing,the price or other companies that,58an goods.On the other hand,if people producers either go out of business or 41.[A]insignificant [B]42.[A]emphasizes [B]praises [C]evaluates [D]compares 43.[A]major [B]minor [C]most [D]less 44.[A]while [B]but [C]although [D]and 45.[A]government [B]business [C]individuals [D]families 46.[A]such [B]so [C]very [D]extremely 47.[A]market [B]people [C]consumer [D]plan 48.[A]on[B]in[C]with[D]atb 49.[A]in effect [B]in the light of [C]in short [D]in part 50.[A]invented [B]forged [C]manufactured [D]created 51.[A]exterminated [B]scared [C]appreciate [D]feared 52.[A]expand [B]develop [C]limit [D]destroy 53.[A]However [B]Nevertheless [C]Additionally [D]Similarly 54.[A]powerfully [B]efficiently [C]sufficiently [D]fundamentally 55.[A]these [B]those [C]it [D]one56.[A]order [B]illustrate [C]manifest [D]determine57.[A]falls [B]raises [C]rises [D]climbs58.[A]neglecting [B]overcoming [C]feeling [D]sensing 59.[A]than [B]of [C]off [D]on 60.[A]different[B]better[C]qualified[D]authentic参考答案：21-25ADBBA 26-30D DAAA31-35DBCAD36-40ABBDA4.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐25091/。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Text 2(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Text 2（上）这是一篇科技类文章，主要介绍一种新的出版模式——网络出版，即用网络发表来代替纸质的刊物。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇，但是长难句偏多，可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 2straightforward [streɪt'fɔrwə(r)d /-fɔː-]a. 一直向前的; 正直的; 径直的; 老实的;简单的，明确的;坦率的【词根记忆】：stright(直的)+forward(向前)→一直向前的【真题例句】：It used to be so straightforward. 它是如此地简单，直接。
(2008年阅读Text 2)2. 3submit [səb'mɪt]v. 使服从, 使屈服; 提交, 呈递; 使经受, 使受到; 建议, 认为; 屈服, 服从【词根记忆】：sub(次于，低于)+mit(使命)→屈服于→提交，呈递【短语搭配】：submit verb 提交;submit quotation 提出合约; submit buttons 提交按钮【真题例句】：A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the result of their research to a journal. 实验室的研究人员们把他们的研究结果呈递给一家杂志。
(2008年阅读Text 2)3. 2affiliation [ə,fili'eiʃən]n. 友好关系;加入;联盟;从属关系【词根记忆】：affiliate (参加，加入;发生联系)+tion (名词后缀)→affiliation从属关系, 归属, 联系。
【短语搭配】：political affiliation政治背景;政治立场;政治面貌【真题例句】A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. 杂志编辑会隐去这篇文章的作者的名字和所属机构，送交给同行专家评议。
2015年英语(一)真题阅读理解text 3详解
2015年英语（一）真题阅读理解text 3详解阅读理解的第三篇属于非理科专业学生不太熟悉的话题——统计数据检查和同行评审，但是好在生词量不大，虽然有专有名词，也可以忽略。
难点体现在考察得比较细，同学们需要细心看才能做正确。
第31题，It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that______.(从第一段可以看出什么)。
还是问的主要内容，那么根据西方人的思维和写作习惯，主要的和重要的都在前面，因此，重点是读第一句话。
The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to…(科学杂志在…基础上增加了另外一轮统计数据检查)。
对比答案，只有B选项journals are strengthening their statistical checks.提到了加强统计数据检查。
但是答案中说的journals,(许多期刊杂志)，文中第一句是The journal Science,可能一些同学会心存疑惑，文中第二句就提到了The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,(这个做法是效仿其他杂志的做法)，说明很多杂志都这样做了。
第32题，The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to _____.(文中第二段的flagged up是什么意思)。
要推断be flagged up的含义需要结合上下文，原文是Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny(附加的详细审阅) by…(某团体), or by…(某些人),or by…(某群人).句子的意思是手稿要被...或…或…进行附加的详细审阅。
表示“要”怎么样。
Be marked for 字面意思为“被标记为”，其实含义就是“以…为特征，要…样”。
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副词性从句：见后表格；
名词性从句的分类讲解：
状语从句种类常用连接词特殊连接词
时间状语从句When,while,
as,before,
since,till,
until,assoon
as
1.一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,the
minute,theday,nexttime,everytime
beganin the nineteenthcenturyandextendedinto the earlytwentieth centurywhenit was
recognized for the first time that food containedconstituentsthat wereessentialfor human
families that occurredthrough all the Westernworldsince the time ofthe Industrial
Revolution.
Itseemsthat…似乎，Itfollowsthat…因此
Ithappensthat…碰巧，Itturnsoutthat…结果,
注：supposed,provide不用作条件从句的连词）on
conditionthat,solongas,aslongas
让步状语从句Although,
though,even
though,evenif
While(一般用在句首),as(用于倒装结
构),whatever,whoever,whichever,however,
for,since
Seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,given
that,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas
目的状语从句Sothat,in
orderthat,
that
Lest,forfearthat,incase,inthehopethat,
onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheend
5.Itis obviousthat amajorityofthe presidening
seriously.
6.Itis atruth universallyacknowledgedthat asinglemanin possessionofagoodfortune
层次化句子阅读方法
u 1.层次化结构的表示形式
例子：1.However,for manyyears,physiciststhought that atomsand moleculesalways were
muchmorelikely to emitlight spontaneouslyandthat stimulatedemissionthus alwayswouldbe
像话了
Itisanhonorthat…真荣幸…Itiscommonknowledge…是常识
Itismybeliefthat…我相信…Itisamiraclethat……真是奇迹
It is an established fact that factory workersworkbetter , harder, and have fewer
方式状语从句as,theway
主语从句：
结构识别：(1).关系连词+句子+动词
(2).It+be动词+形容词/名词短语+关系连词+句子
(3).It+不及物动词+that
例子：1.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.
2.Thattheplatesaremovingisnotbeyonddispute.
法硕联盟，在读学长答疑，2011年北大及人大法律硕士状元均为本站会员！
-3-readily, makedistinctions,reason logically, andmakeuseofverbaland mathematical
symbolinsolvingproblems.
人们普遍认为，高智商的人有这样一些特点：理解力强，辨别力强，逻辑推理能力
强，并且在解决问题的过程中善于利用文字或数学符号。
Itisclearthat…显然；itispossiblethat…很可能…
Itislikely that…很可能；itisnaturalthat…很自然…
Itiscertainthat…可以相信；itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
Itisfortunatethat…幸运的是；itisnecessarythat…有必要的是…
muchweaker.
3. Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthe studyofthe relationship betweenhealthandhowthe
bodytakes in andutilizesfood substances, can bedividedinto four distincteras: the first
everythingandthenbedisappointed
我从中懂得了，不抱任何希望比付出努力却最终失望要好。
2. ThestatementbytheOneEarthathedidnotkillPikachuwasrejectedbytheblackcat
sergeant.
3. Concerns(evidence) wereraisedthattheOneearistherealmurder.
whenever,wherever,whether---or---,asadj.
as+主谓结构用在句首
比较状语从句As,than Themore---,themore---;justas---,so---;
A istoB what/asC istoD;nomore--than;
notA somuchasB/notsomuchA asB
u 2.主从复合（嵌套）
主从复合句的分类：
三大从句：
名词性从句：
主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
形容词性从句：
定语从句
副词性从句：
状语从句
常见的关联词：
法硕联盟论坛祝您考研成功！
-2-名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which,
关系连词：that,when,where,how,
3.标点符号：, ----;
4.并列连词：and，or
主句专一原则:
1.一个句子只能有一个主句，主句中没有关联词。
2.一个句子中有n个分句，则只有n-1个关联词。
例证：
句子之间的关联方式
u 1.并列
l并列联词的用法
例1..Itis alittle upsettingto read that acertainline describesafight betweenaTurkishanda
3."The test ofanydemocraticsociety,”hewrotein aWallStreetJournalcolumn,"lies
notin howwellitcancontrolexpressionbutin whetherit givesfreedom ofthought and
宾语从句
结构识别：（1）动词+关联词+句子
（2）动词+宾语1+关联词+句子
（3）介词+关联词+句子
（4）动词+it形式宾语+宾补+关联词+句子
例子：1.Ihavelearned thatlove,nottime,healsallwounds.
2.XiaoguaishouassuredOatmanthathehadnointentionofoffendinghim.
accidentswhentheir machinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.
,如果把工厂里的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰色，工人就
会干的更勤奋，更出色，事故也会更少。
7.It seemed that Canadawasonce morefalling in step withthe trend toward smaller
mustbeinwantofawife.(PrideandPrejudice)
Itisapitythat…可惜的是…Itisafactthat…
Itisagoodnewsthat……真是太好了Itisagoodthing that……真是件好事
Itisnowonderthat…难怪…It is ashamethat…遗憾的是…/…真是太不
8.Itis criticalthat ournationandthe worldbaseimportant policiesonthe bestjudgments
thatsciencecanprovideconcerningthe futureconsequencesofpresentactions.
expressionthe widestpossiblelatitude, howeverdisputableorirritating the results may
法硕联盟论坛祝您考研成功！
-4-sometimesbe.”
他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏写道：“对于任何民主社会的检验不在于它能多有
表语从句
结构的识别：
系动词+关联词+句子