被动语态表示主语
被动语态的基本构成与用法总结
被动语态的基本构成与用法总结被动语态是英语中常用的一种句式，能够准确传达动作的执行者和接受者之间的关系。
本文将对被动语态的基本构成和用法进行总结，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用被动语态。
一、基本构成被动语态句子的基本结构为：“主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + 其他部分”。
下面将详细介绍这四个部分的构成要点。
1. 主语：被动语态的主语通常是动作的承受者或者是实施者本身。
在句子结构中，主语位于句首。
2. be动词：be动词是被动语态的核心动词，用来表示动作承受者的状态或者行为。
根据句子的时态和语态，be动词的形式有所不同：am/is/are (现在时态)、was/were (过去时态)、been (完成时态)、being(进行时态)。
3. 过去分词：过去分词是表示动作发生过程中的状态或者结果的形式。
在被动语态句子中，过去分词通常是动词的第三形式，如"done"、"seen"、"written" 等。
4. 其他部分：除了主语、be动词和过去分词外，被动语态句子还可能包含其他成分，例如标点符号、介词短语、副词等。
二、用法总结被动语态在英语中具有广泛用途。
下面将总结几种常见的用法，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用被动语态。
1. 强调动作承受者：通过使用被动语态，可以突出动作的承受者，强调其重要性。
例如："The book was written by Shakespeare."（这本书是由莎士比亚写的。
）2. 知名动作执行者：当动作执行者为众所周知的情况下，可以使用被动语态省略具体的执行者。
例如："The Mona Lisa was painted in the 16th century."（《蒙娜丽莎》是在16世纪绘制的。
）3. 复合动词形式：某些动词的被动语态形式可以表示特定的意义。
例如："The window was broken."（窗户被打碎了。
四种常见时态的被动语态
被动语态一．被动语态的意义：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。
二．被动语态的结构: "助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"，助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，同时要体现主动句的时态特征。
常用时态主动语态与被动语态结构对照如下：①一般现在时：主动句do/does 被动句am / is are+done②一般过去时：主动句did 被动句was / were+done③一般将来时：主动句will do 被动句will be+done④现在进行时：主动句am/ is are+doing 被动句am / is are+being+done⑤过去进行时：主动句was/ were+doing 被动句was/ were+being+done⑥现在完成时; 主动句have/ has +done 被动句have/ has+been+done三.适合被动语态的情况：①不知道动作由谁发出，或没有必要说明。
如：This table is made of wood.②需要突出或强调动作的承受者时。
如：This park was built for children.注意：主动句里,不定式在make，see，hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需带to。
如：The boss made him do that work.＝He was made to do that work.四．主动语态不能变被动语态的情况：①当宾语是反身代词时, 如：You should take care of yourself.②当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时，如：Does the skirt suit you?③happen,appear等词只用于主动语态。
练习：1. The stars _______ in the daytime.A. can't seeB. can't be seenC. can't been seeD. see2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.A. will giveB. is givenC. will be giveD. will be given3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.A. was foundB. foundC. was foundedD. founded4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.A. have been taken placeB. took placeC. have taken placeD. were taken place5. I was astonished (吃惊) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.A. has costB. costC. costedD. was cost6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.A. steelB. to stealC. to be stolenD. stealed7. She has _________ by her classmates.A. laughedB. laughed atC. been laughedD. been laughed at8. The computer ________ in the room.A. can useB. can be useC. can be usedD. can used9. That clock ______ Big Ben.A. callB. callingC. is calledD. calls10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.A. showsB. will showsC. will be shownD. shows。
被动语态PPT课件
一般过去时
肯定句结构
主语 + was/were + 动词的过去 分词 + 其他成分
否定句结构
主语 + was/were + not + 动词的 过去分词 + 其他成分
疑问句结构
Was/Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分 词 + 其他成分？
一般将来时
01
02
03
肯定句结构
主语 + will be + 动词的 过去分词 + 其他成分
01
当主动句中的宾语在被动句中变为主语时，其后的宾语补足语
相应地变为主语补足语。
保留宾语补足语
02
有些动词的宾语补足语在被动句中保持不变，仍然对主语进行
补充说明。
省略宾语补足语
03
在某些情况下，被动句中的宾语补足语可以省略，不影响句子
的意思。
双宾语句子转化为被动句
双宾语均可变主语
主动句中的两个宾语在被动句中 都可以变为主语，分别构成两个
如何区分被动语态和过去分词作定语 ？
疑难问题解答
01
哪些动词不能用于被动 语态？
02
不及物动词，如 happen, occur等。
03
04
表示状态的系动词，如 be, seem, appear等。
表示归属的动词，如 belong to, consist of 等。
THANKS
感谢观看
在不需要强调动作承受者或避免提及动作执行者的情况下，尽量使用主动语态。
在科技论文、新闻报道等正式文体中，适当使用被动语态可以增加文章的客观性和 正式度，但要避免过度使用。
06
被动语态 英语有两种语态
被动语态英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态（The Active V oice）表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态（The Passive V oice）表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者被动语态用法：1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。
2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3）如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况：1）主语＋谓语动词＋宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（主动）We bought a book yesterday. （被动）The book was bought yesterday. 2）主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。
如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
（主动）He showed me a book yesterday. （被动）I was showed a book yesterday. （被动）The book was showed to me yesterday. 3）主语＋谓语动词＋复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。
八大时态的被动语态结构
八大时态的被动语态结构
以下是八大时态的被动语态结构：
1. 现在时被动语态（Present Simple Passive）：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。
2. 过去时被动语态（Past Simple Passive）：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。
3. 将来时被动语态（Future Simple Passive）：主语+ will be + 过去分词。
4. 现在进行时被动语态（Present Continuous Passive）：主语 + am/is/are being + 过去分词。
5. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive）：
主语 + was/were being + 过去分词。
6. 现在完成时被动语态（Present Perfect Passive）：
主语 + has/have been + 过去分词。
7. 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive）：主语 + had been + 过去分词。
8. 将来完成时被动语态（Future Perfect Passive）：主语 + will have been + 过去分词。
被动句的几种形式
被动句的几种形式被动语态：一、简单式（使用助动词be）1、普通式：主语 + be + 动词 (past participle)比如：The door was closed. 门被关上了。
2、完成式：主语 + have/has + been + 动词 (past participle)比如：This work has been done. 这项工作已经完成了。
二、情态动词形式主语 + should/must/could/may + be + 动词(past participle)比如：He should be sent an invitation. 他应该收到邀请。
三、使役动词形式1、使役动词 get：主语 + be + got + to + 动词原形比如：The members were got to do more exercise. 成员们被叫去做更多的运动。
2、使役动词 have: 主语 + be + had + to + 动词原形比如：The students have been had to prepare for this test. 学生们被要求为这次测验做准备。
四、其他形式1、祈使句被动语态： let + be + 动词(past participle)比如：Let it be remembered. 让它被记住吧。
2、there+ be 结构：there + be + 主语 + 动词(past participle)比如：There was an earthquake yesterday. 昨天发生了一次地震。
3、it 作形式主语+be+done: it + be + done + that + 句子比如：It is said that the environment is being seriously polluted. 据说环境受到严重污染。
随着社会的发展，被动语态功能的使用越来越普遍，它不仅可以强调动作本身，也可以强调说话者关注的对象。
被动语态的10种时态形式
被动语态的10种时态形式一、一般现在时的被动语态：被动语态的一般现在时表示主语在现在时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：be + done。
例如：1. The book is read by me.（这本书被我阅读。
）2. The door is locked by him.（门被他锁上了。
）二、一般过去时的被动语态：被动语态的一般过去时表示主语在过去时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：was/were + done。
例如：1. The cake was eaten by them.（蛋糕被他们吃掉了。
）2. The letter was written by me.（信被我写了。
）三、一般将来时的被动语态：被动语态的一般将来时表示主语在将来时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：will be + done。
例如：1. The report will be sent by her.（报告将会被她发送。
）2. The package will be delivered tomorrow.（包裹将在明天被送达。
）四、现在进行时的被动语态：被动语态的现在进行时表示主语在现在进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：am/is/are being + done。
例如：1. The car is being washed by the workers.（汽车正在被工人清洗。
）2. The project is being discussed by the team.（项目正在被团队讨论。
）五、过去进行时的被动语态：被动语态的过去进行时表示主语在过去进行时被动地接受动作或承受行为。
构成为：was/were being + done。
例如：1. The house was being renovated last month.（房子上个月正在进行装修。
）2. The document was being translated by the intern.（文件正在被实习生翻译。
被动语态与主动语态
一．语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
e.g. He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)二．被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
1.一般将来时的被动语态will/ shall/ be to/ be going to +be done2.现在完成时的被动语态has/have been done3.现在进行时的被动语态be +being done歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
e.g. Some new computers were stolen last night.(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
e.g. The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
e.g. I have finished the homework..The homework has been finished by me.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
一．单项选择：1. ( ) If the work ________,you can go and play games.A. finishedB. has finishedC. will be finishedD. is finished2.( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made______in the classroom.A. stayB. to stayC. stayingD. stayed3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.A. has writtenB. was writtenC. had writtenD. is writing4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.A. needn’t be thrownB. mustn’t be thrownC. can’t throwD. may not throw5. ( ) I like my bike. It ________ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______, too.—You mean if Tom comes ,you’ll come.A. will inviteB. invitesC. invitedD. is invited7. ( ) Everyone who heardMr. Green’s story _____________ it.A. laughed atB. was laughedC. laughedD. was laughed at8. ( ) The children must _______.A. look afterB. be taken good careC. look the sameD. be taken good care of9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what _______ in her hometownwhile she was away.A. happensB. happenedC. will happenD. was happened10. ( ) — I saw you were on foot this morning.—Yes. My bike ___________.A. is mendingB. is being mendedC. is mendedD. is being mending二．用正确的形式填空：1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3. —What are on show in the museum?—Some photos _________(take) by American children.4. This coat _________(wash) well.5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?6. I’m often _________(警告）not to copy others’ homework.7. He couldn’t e xplain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失).8. I’ll have my bike __________________(修理) tomorrow.9. Have you found your necklace ________(偷) last week?10. The PRC was _________(成立) on October 1, 1949.1。
中的被动语态和主动语态的用法区别
中的被动语态和主动语态的用法区别汉语中的被动语态和主动语态的用法区别被动语态和主动语态是汉语语法中两个重要的动词形式，它们在句子结构和表达方式上有着明显的区别。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，而主动语态则表示主语是动作的执行者。
本文将会详细介绍被动语态和主动语态的用法区别，并以例句阐述。
一、主动语态的用法特点主动语态是汉语中最基本和常见的语态形式。
在主动语态中，主语承担着执行动作的角色，动作的发出者是主语本身。
1.表示动作者的主动行为例如：- 他卖了一辆车。
(He sold a car.)- 她写了一本小说。
(She wrote a novel.)2.表示客观真实的事实例如：- 骄阳下，大家高兴地走在海滩上。
(Under the scorching sun, everyone walked happily on the beach.)- 小猫爬上了树。
(The kitten climbed up the tree.)3.描述正在进行的动作例如：- 她正在吃饭。
(She is eating.)- 他们在商量计划。
(They are discussing the plan.)4.表示意愿、建议、请求等语气例如：- 你可以来帮我一下吗？(Can you come and help me?)- 我建议买这款手机。
(I suggest buying this phone.)二、被动语态的用法特点被动语态是指在句子中将动作的承受者置于主语的位置，突出了动作的接受者和受影响程度。
1.动作的接受者置于主语位置例如：- 这个电影被观众们欣赏。
(This movie is appreciated by the audience.) - 邮件被邮递员送到了。
(The mails have been delivered by the mailman.)2.动词前面加“被”字例如：- 我们的计划被取消了。
(Our plan has been canceled.)- 这个问题被他解决了。
被动语态的句子
被动语态的句子
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”或者“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
常见的被动语句有十种时态，接下来请看被动语态的句子：
1.一般现在时：主语+ am/is/are + 过去分词
The ball is played ，every day 这个球每天被踢。
2.一般过去时：主语+ was/were + 过去分词
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
3.一般将来时：主语+ shall/will + be + 过去分词
Will the school sports meeting be held next week? 校运动会将在下星期举行吗?
4.过去将来时：主语+ should/would + be + 过去分词
We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。
5.现在进行时：主语+ am/is/are + being + 过去分词
We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。
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定义及构成；被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
由be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
如：Many people speak English. （主动句）English is spoken by many people.（被动句）(主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be+p.p.)二、时态与被动语态:时态被动语态构成一般现在时: am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词现在进行时 am/is/are +being + 过去分词过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词一般将来时 will/shall/be going to +be+ 过去分词过去将来时 would/should +be+ 过去分词现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词过去完成时 had been + 过去分词注意：（1）不带to的动词不定式，变成被动语态时，要带上to。
如：hear, see, watch,make,notice等。
The boss made them work till midnight. They were made to work till midnight.（2）有些使用下列动词的句子用主动形式表被动意义。
a、如look，feel，taste，smell，sound, remain等b、某些可以和well，easily连用的不及物动词，如：read，draw，wear，sell，wash等。
(3)不及物动词无被动,如happen, belong to ,run out，come out等三、选择填空( ) 1. The city looks beautiful because more trees and flowers __ last year.A. are plantedB. have plantedC. were plantedD. have been planted.( ) 2. –My mother doesn’t allow me to go out at night.--Really? But I _______ to hang out on weekends.A. allowB. don’t allowC. am allowedD. was allowi ng( )3. The computers must _________ before you leave.A. turn onB. turn offC. be turned onD. be turned off( )4. –I won’t have the trip to the South unless my best friend Jimmy _______, too.--You mean you will go if Jimmy goes.A. will inviteB. invitesC. is invitedD. will be invited( )5. When you see the sign “No Parking”, it means ______.A. you can be parked your car here.B. your car can’t be put here.C. you must put your car here.D. your car must be put here.( )6. Henry ________ show us his pictures.A. has asked toB. is askedC. asks toD. was asked to( )7. –When ______ this kind of computer _______ ? --Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used( )8. Mrs Brown is a kind woman who _____ my dog very well last year.A. took careB. takes careC. is taken care ofD. took care of( )9.Jim _______ all his money already.A. has run outB. ran out ofC. has run out ofD. ran out( )10. An accident ______ on Zhuhai Road.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. happenedD. is happened( )11. She said the thief _____ by the police.A.caughtB. was been caughtC. has been caughtD. had been caught.( )12. The books named Harry Porter ______ well.A. sellB. are soldC. was soldD. are being sold( )13. I think spaghetti ______ delicious. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is tasting D. taste( )14. Whose hairband is this? I think it _______________.A.must be belonged to JeanB. is belong ed to Jean’sC. belongs to Jean’s.D. belongs to Jean. ( )15. Chinese is now ________ by many people in different places.A. learningB. learntC. to learnD. learns( )16. I missed the flight because my car ______ on the way to the airport.A. was broken downB. had broken downC. broke downD. had been broken down( )17. The old woman ________ by the nurse looks healthier now.A. who is taken careB. who takes care ofC. who was taken careD. who was taken care of( )18.Mike wasn’t at home yesterday.He _____ to helpwith Jenny’s English.A.was askingB.is askedC. is askingD. was asked ( )19.—Mum, may I go out to play soccer this afternoon?--- You can if your homework ______.A.will be doneB.will doC.is doneD.has done( )20. Don’t disuss the problems with your partner unless you ____ to do so.A.askB.are askedC.will askD.will be asked( )21.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _____ in our school next term.A.will be builtB.was builtC.has builtD.will build( )22.A number of new houses _____ in Wenchuan last year.A.builtB.was builtC. will be builtD. were built( )23.Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow.I mean, today’s work_____ today.A.may doB.must doC.may be doneD.must be done( )24.--Would you like to go to the movie with me?--Sorry, I ______ to go out tonight.A.won’t be allowedB.am allowedC.don’t allowD.will allow( )25.—Did you go to Jim’s birthday party?---No, I _____.A.haven’t invited B. didn’t invite C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited( )26.—Mary was heard _______ just now. What happened?---John was telling a joke. A.cry B.to cry ugh D.to laugh( )27.Tina is often seen _____ her parents’ clothes! What a lovely girl!A.washB.washesC.washedD.to wash( )28.When you leave the room, make sure the door ____.A.was lockedB.is lockedC.will be lockedD.should be locked( )29.—Who’s the little baby in the phot o,Susan?--It’s me. This photo ______ ten years ago.A.takes B.is taken C.took D.was taken ( )30.Old people must _______.A.be spoken to politelyB. speak to politeC. be spoken politelyD. speak polite四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.The old man is ill. He (must send)to the hospital at once.2.A piano concert (give)here last Friday.3.These kinds of machines (make)in Japan.4. (can) the magazine (take)out of the library?5.About 500 cars (make)in the factory next month.6. many trees (plant )by people every year?7.The books (sell) well last year.8. All kinds of books (sell) in this bookstore.9.He ____ _____ (tell) to return the books to the library yesterday.10.The meeting ____________(hold) in Shanghai this coming Saturday.五．将下列主动句变为被动句。