2013年上海海事大学日语语法与翻译考研真题试卷.pdf
(NEW)上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语历年考研真题汇编
目 录
2015年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2013年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2012年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2010年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2009年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2008年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2007年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2006年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2005年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题
2004年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题（部分试题）2003年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法语考研真题（部分试题）
2015年上海海事大学外国语学院252二外法
语考研真题。
上海海事大学2013年MTI翻译硕士真题及答案
上海海事大学2013年翻译硕士(MTI)真题I．Set Phrase Translation（20 scores in total）穿越剧: time-travel TV drama; time-travel TV series春晚: Spring Festival gala计划生育: family planning; birth control; PlannedParenthood; One-Child Policy外来务工人员: Migrant Worker年夜饭: Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner, family reunion dinner on Chinese New Year’s Eve发展体育运动，增强人民体质: Promote physical culture and build up the people’s health;the development of sport to enhance people’s health消除皱纹: eliminate/get rid of/remove wrinkles回家养病：go home to recuperate；return home to recover from an illness培养道德意识: cultivate/foster/train moral consciousness发展是硬道理: Development is of overriding importance.; Development is the absolute principle.非居民用水: Non-Residential Water Usage; the water demand of non-residential users潜规则：casting couch ；hidden rules；unspoken rules；Unwritten rulesBetter Cities, Better Life. 城市, 让生活更美好吃团圆饭：have a family reunion dinner; have a…meal; family gatherings中国能源的困局：The dilemma of China’s energy特大地震：the great earthquake倡导学术诚信：advocate academic integrity三公经费：the three public expenses；the three public consumption 择校：School Choice; choosing school社会事业：social undertaking；social programs; social enterprise; Social BusinessII．Blank Filling（fill in each blank with English, 1 score for each blank, 20 scores in total）1. It is believed that the earliest translated Bible in translation history of the West is called ________.2. ______ is believed to be the first theorist in the West to discuss theoretical issues in translation.3. Prior to the Tang Dynasty, ______ was widely translated majorly from _____ into Chinese.4. The Latin Vulgate was translated by _______.5. The first English version of whole Bible was translated by a group of people led by _____.6. The most important and influential of English Bible is the______ version.7. The Reformation in the West is largely initiated by _____ who translated Bible from its original languages into ______.8. Nida believes that there are fundamentally two different types of equivalence, one which may be called ____, and another which is primarily _____.9. In his theoretical construction, Peter Newmark puts forward two diametrically different translation methods, one of which is______ translation and another ______ translation.10. Yan Fu, a famous modern Chinese thinker and reformer, was at the same time well-known for his proposal of tri-principles of translation, i.e. _____, ______ and _______.11. The seminal paper ____________ written by ______ was called the Independence Declaration of Translation Studies as a discipline.12. Literary translation in late-Qing China was started by ______, who translated a romance story originally written in _____ into Chinese in cooperation with his interpreter Wei Yi.III．Simple Sentence Translation （2 scores for each，20 scores in total）1. 像这种情况，医院就是没考虑到一些特殊病人的需要，没能为患者提供一种人性化的服务。
2013年上海海事大学翻译硕士MTI三跨经历,附部分回忆版真题
2013年考研结束第四天，从考试结束那天晚上辗转反侧夜不能寐，第二三天和可爱的研友们探讨考题默默估分，到今天看着窗台的冬日暖阳依旧和煦淡然如春，尽管道路并不平坦，此刻最想说的是，我由衷感谢这样的经历，感谢最亲爱的大熊猫，感谢一路鼓励我、爱我的人们，没有你们的支持我很难坚强的走到现在，我爱你们。
开此贴，主要是写给迷茫中不知道该不该坚持跨考的非英语专业的孩纸们。
为什么这么说呢？因为就考与不考这个问题，露珠作为典型的O型CN座，着实作茧自缚了好些年。
为了尽可能避免无辜的孩纸步后尘，露珠必须负责任的告诉大家，有梦想就去坚持，千里之行始于足下，风雨兼程的路上必有意外的收获，不要让自己给自己添堵。
毕业有那么些年份了，对于学习成绩一般、学习能力一般的露珠来说，重新拾起书本并不是件容易的事儿。
毕业至今，随大流参加过数次公务员事业单位考试，进过面，始终未上岸，终究是因为不够刻苦，或是造化弄人吧。
在某熊猫的积极鼓励下，露珠终于在12年九月下旬辞去国企的工作，全职备考。
离开那群有爱的同事，颇为不舍。
我们和蔼可亲时不时给我们带西湖煎包、自制糟肉哈鲁的主任，儿子已上小学身材仍然凹凸有致的御姐领导，还有和露珠麻麻年纪相仿活得各种精彩的大姐们……不得不承认，露珠是恋旧的银，此处略去一百字，只希望大家一切都好。
回归正题，由于露珠是跨考，本科学的是中文专业，英语纯粹是兴趣使然，不敢盲目自信，国庆前后谨慎地选择了上海地区招生人数较多的上海海事大学。
随后，紧锣密鼓在网上陆续订购了该校指定参考书目及11、12年真题。
附参考书目如下：1.八级考试试题2.章振邦《新编英语语法教程》上海外语教育出版社，2008翻译考试参考书：1.黄源深、王大伟等《英语笔译实务3级辅导教程》外文出版社，2009百科知识参考书：1.赵春荣《英美概况》北京语言大学出版社，20092. 中国各报刊汉语参考书：汉语成语手册与散文选（作文评分标准注重词语的运用）其中，《新编英语语法教程》相对基础，编书的老师也十分细心，时间充裕、对语法畏惧的同学可以把其中的练习过一遍，总归有利无弊，没准儿运气好还能碰到原题。
上海海事大学2014年《812语法与翻译》考研专业课真题试卷
2014I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letters in the numbered groups in the ANSWER SHEET (see the following model). There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)MODEL: 01-05: AAABC, 06-10: AAABC11-15: AAABC, 16-20: AAABC1. Traditionally, Samoan parents left speaking to children ______ their older siblings.A. forB. toC. ofD. at2. My beliefs about the varieties of language from which I may choose, based on my perceptions of their use and users, ______ account for my management decisions:A. helpB. helpsC. helpedD. helping3. The foes were ambushed on the way of withdrawal, namely, they ______.A. got beatB. got beatenC. get beatenD. get beathere are ______ chairs in the room.A. bothB. a large amount ofC. plenty ofD. a great deal of(2006) found that some children appear to be more susceptible to internal influence and others to external: the one family in which she found strong Russian maintenance hadunderlined.A. KopeliovichB. maintenanceC. RussianD. family6. In the garden near the river, tourists are attracted by the hives surrounded by a ______ of bees.A. swarmB. shoalC. herdD. flock7. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sinkingB. sunkenC. sunkD. sink8. Literacy of course permitted scattered Jewish traders to keep contact with their partners and families. Which of the following is the predicate of the sentence?A. permitted scatteredB. scatteredC. permittedD. keep9. The exploration of the religious domain has shown the existence of pressure for language policy and ______ specific management policies applied by major religions.A. inB. for1。
2013 12月 N1 真题 【语法】
13. この店のハンバーガーは、値段は多少高めだが、手間が_____ _____ __★__ _____おいしさだ。 ほかの店の ものとは 比べ物にならない かかっている分
16. 問題７ 次の文章を読んで、文章全体の趣旨を踏まえて、 41 から 45 の中に入る最もよいものを、1 ･ 2・3 ･ 4から一つ選 びなさい。
Q70 犬が嫌いです 夫の実家は大の犬好きで家の中で放し飼いにしています。しかし私は大の犬嫌い。昔、母が「近づくとかまれる」と言っていたこ ともあります。犬は見抜いているのでしょう。ほかの人にはキュイーンと甘えるのに私だけにはほえまくります。私はこの家の者とし て失格でしょうか。たかが犬、されど犬。かなりのストレスです。（いまいち、28歳）
きます。 （ 42 ）あなたが取るべき態度は、吠えられても、動じないってことです。手をひっこめたり、叫び声をあげたり、逃げ腰になっ たりしちゃいけません。犬に足元を見られます。といって、犬の目をまっすぐ見てはいけません。犬は威嚇されてると思いこむものな んです。このへん、人間の常識は通じませんから。目は合わせない、それが（ 43 ）礼儀作法です。 さて、吠えられても動じず、目をそらしつつ、手のひらに犬クッキーをのせて差し出します。犬の歯が当たらないので、指でつまん でやるよりこわくないです。あなたは今後、その犬に会ったら、かならず、犬クッキーをやることにします。それをくりかえすうちに、 犬は、あなた、イコール、クッキーってのを学習し、やがて、（ 44 ）でしょう。 以上は、よく吠えるうちの犬に対して、犬嫌いの友人がこころみたことです。いまだに友人の顔を見ると吠えますが、それはクッキ ーほしさの吠え声で、もらえばたちまちおとなしくなります。友人もそれがわかってるので、おびえなくなりました。 クッキーをやったら、あとは無視します。むりはしません。犬好きがいるように、犬嫌いが（45）。 （伊藤比呂美『人生相談万事OK !』による） （注）よだれ：つば。口から流れ出る液体
2013年上海海事大学法语考研真题
2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：法语I．根据需要在空格中填入适当的冠词。
（每空格0.5分，共9分）Nous visitons ______（1）musée ______（2）Louvre. Voici _____（3）entrée ______（4）visiteurs. Elle est sous _______（5）pyramide. Il y a ______（6）escalier, _______（7）grand hall avec ______（8）comptoirs. Nous allons vers ______（9）salles _______（10）musée.Il y a ______（11）monde, _______（12）bruit et aussi beaucoup de______（13）touristes et peu de _______（14）bancs. Après la visite, nous allons à _______（15）café pour boire _______（16）tasse de ______（17）thé. Nous sommes contents. C’est _______（18）visite intéressante.II．将括弧内动词不定式改为合适形式。
（每空格1,5分，共15分）(1) On cherche le chemin (conduire) ________________ à la colline parfumé.(2) (avoir peur) __________________ d’ être en retard, il se met à courir.(3) J’ai regardé par la fenêtre et je (voir)______________ qu’il (aller neiger)_______________.(4) Julie vit encore avec Patrick ? Je croyais qu’ils (se séparer)_________________.(5) Etes-vous certain de me (laisser) __________________la clé ?(6) Je vais lire les journaux en attendant que ton père (revenir)_________________.(7) Passe-moi la revue, dès que tu la (lire)___________________.(8) Je ne connais rien aux mathématiques, sinon je vous (aider)____________________.(9) La mère de mon amie (apprendre)__________________le français dans sa jeunesse et ellele parlait encore très bien.III．单项选择题。
2013年上海海事大学英语语法与翻译考研真题.pdf
2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）考试科目：英语语法与翻译I. Choose from the following four choices marked A, B, C and D in each sentence the one that best suits the sentence, and write the corresponding capital letter in the bracket at the beginning of each sentence. There are 70 sentences in all, each of which is worth one point.(70 points)1. On Thursday, President Bush and a bevy of government officials — including the secretaries of state, education and defense —announced a wide ranging plan to enhance the foreign language skills of American students. Here the word “bevy” means _____A. flockB. herdC. swarmD. group2. Since many styles of luggage are quite similar, we recommend that you _____ your luggage closely to make sure you claim your own items.A. to inspectB. inspectedC. inspectD. would inspect3. We’d better give ______ to what he wishes to say.A. a earB. earC. your earsD. ears4. The flowers withered, we ______ them yesterday.A. should have wateredB. must have wateredC. must waterD. should water5. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it ______.A. will explodeB. should explodeC. would explodeD. exploded6. Our failure to speak the same language on human rights endangers our national security by potentially weakening our ability to fight together against a common threat. We hope that the planned restoration of our human rights dialogue this spring will provide an opportunity to narrow our differences on this score. The underlined phrase means ______.A. in this caseB. in the wayC. in that respectD. in the sun7. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, ___ he?A. can'tB. hasn'tC. mustn'tD. didn't8. She certainly knows better than ______ it herself.A. to doB. doingC. to have doneD. to doing9. The primary purpose of Australia’s language policy is to make the nation’s choices about language issues _____ as rational, comprehensive, just and balanced a way as possible.A. inB. ofC. forD. at10. Mothers flying without children now are allowed to bring breast milk through the checkpoint, _____ it is declared prior to screening.A. providedB. supposedC. provedD. suggested11. We came to Sichuang Province with a eye to visiting the _______ area.A. poverty-strickenB. poverty-strikingC. poor-strikingD. poor-stricken12. Brute facts are opposed to institutional facts, in that they do not require the context of an institution to occur. The term was coined by G. E. M. Anscombe and then popularized by John Searle. “In that” can best be replaced by ______.A. thoughB. soC. whereasD. because13. As long as there is a ______ of hope for the success, we will make 100% efforts to prepare.A. fitB. flightC. flowD. flash14. We ______recommend the book as a reference book for the freshmen.A. prettyB. prettilyC. highD. highly15. It is increasingly ______ that America be better versed in the languages and cultures of other world regions, particularly the Middle East, so we can present our nation more clearly to the world.A. immortalB. implausibleC. impossibleD. important16. Sooner than ______ by airbus, I’d prefer a week on a big liner.A. travellingB. travelC. to travelD. travelled17. Mini fridges and microwaves are available in some rooms, and cots or extra beds can be provided _____ request.A. withinB. onC. overD. off18. Being lost in the woods, Thomson was at his ______.A. wits’ endsB. wits’ endC. wit’s endD. wit’s ends19. In vain ____ to get in touch with the VIP who would give a final assessment of their performance.A. they triedB. did they tryC. tried theyD. they have tried20. The criminal even threatened ______ the president.A. murderingB. to murderC. to murderingD. murder21. He was unsuccessful, ______?A. wasn’t heB. was heC. was he notD. he was not22. A snack food (commonly called a snack) is seen in Western culture as a type of food not _____ to be eaten as a main meal of the day，to assuage a person's hunger between these meals, providing a brief supply of energy for the body.A. meansB. meantC. meanD. meaning23. The pitcher hit the man ______ on the nose.A. fairB. firmC. fairlyD. firmly24. John isn’t so foolish _____ the importance of the test.A. enough to realizeB. to realizeC. as not realizingD. as not to realize25. Children love to watch the whirling motion of the windmills, so much so ____ they have recreated a small version in the Pinwheel that you see in this photograph.A. goodB. farC. whichD. that26. Many a worker says the lady is a little of ______.A. a coquetteB. the coquetteC. coquetteD. coquettes27. This is especially true in the social sciences, ______ major developments have often been motivated in large measure by the desire to change the social system, to validate existing social policies and practices, or to counteract hegemonic beliefs about human nature.A. in whichB. whichC. by whichD. to which28. Sue Wright has also made a significant contribution to the field, especially with regard ______ Europe.A. aboutB. toC. forD. of29. Dog ______ are large, fenced-in areas for dogs to exercise unleashed. Created with the expertise of a Parks Department landscape architect and volunteers, the runs encourage play while supplying good drainage, safe lighting, and healthy plantings.A. runningB. runC. runsD. to run30. There is no man ______ errs.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. but31. The United States has no official policy. Responsibility for schooling rests _____ states and not the national government.A. withB. offC. beyondD. up32. The book aims to be accessible to non-specialists from a variety of fields in the social sciences, and to ______ language policy as an area of research within sociolinguistics and, more broadly, within the social sciences and humanities.A. be positionB. positionC. positioningD. to position33. I would ______ Vicky wait for us at the university gate at 3 pm tomorrow.A. askB. haveC. getD. inform34. After my speech, I heard a ______ of cough from the corner of the auditorium.A. displayB. pealC. fitD. slice35. The U.N. Security Council authorized the operation to protect Libyan civilians after Gadhafi launched attacks against anti-government protesters who demanded that he ______ down after42 years in power.A. has steppedB. stepsC. steppedD. step36. In recent years research in language policy has been motivated, at least ______ part, by concerns about the accelerating loss of languages worldwide.A. beyondB. inC. toD. on37. He is about to take the floor ______ linguistics.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting38. The children are making ______ that they are princes and princesses.A. believingB. believeC. to believeD. believed39. Whom would you rather ______ with you, George or me?A. to goB. have goneC. goingD. have go40. Protesters hold a banner and posters behind a canister(圆筒) _______ the radiation symbol during a rally demanding the immediate closure of the Garona Nuclear Power Plant, outside the plant in the province of Burgos March 27, 2011.A. bearB. to bearC. has borneD. bearing41. The thing for Elvis to do now is ______ a suitable case to investigate.A. seekB. soughtC. seekedD. seeking42. Both the U.S. and Israel have not ruled out military option against Iran's controversial nuclear program, which the West suspects is aimed at making atomic weapons. Iran denies the charge, saying its nuclear activities are geared toward peaceful purposes like power generation. The verbal phrase “rule out” means _____.A. call offB. call onC. call forD. call back43. The sooner ______, the more likely ______ him at the crisscrosses.A. do you start…will you meetB. will you start…will you meetC. you start… you will meetD. you will start…you will meet44. There are ______ armchairs in the living room.A. dark three very comfortable blueB. three very dark comfortable blueC. three very comfortable dark blueD. dark blue three very comfortable45. A second grouping is the Romance one, a list on which Spain would also appear alongside France, Portugal and Romania ______ it not for its post-Franco recognition of selected minority languages in autonomous regions.A. would beB. isC. wereD. was46. The enemy had no way out but _______.A. to surrenderB. surrenderingC. surrenderD. having to surrender47. Professor Flower from the University of Maryland is about to take the floor ______ linguistics.A. esteemingB. evadingC. retardingD. respecting48. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with ______ eyes.A. sunkenB. sinkingC. sunkD. sink49. Forces may be ______ word, with its implication of causality.A. a strong suchB. too a strongC. a such strongD. too strong a50. While language management was generally left to the states, whose policies reflected national beliefs, starting in 1962, the widespread implementation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, providing access to federally provided and funded services for persons with limited English proficiency, bolstered for a while by the Bilingual Education Act and theoretically continued in the English Language Learner programs of recent educational law, ______ to defend the language rights of those in the United States who do not speak English.A. had been workingB. have been workingC. are workingD. has been working51. I’d rather you ______ to the library for the collection of the data now.A. goB. wentC. had goneD. have gone52. I wouldn’t trust _______ judgment.A. anyone’s elseB. anyone else’sC. an yone’s else’sD. anyone else53. I really cannot understand ______ refusing to call her mom even in private.A. heB. himC. hisD. himself54. I ______ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.A. had meantB. have meantC. meanD. meant55. The factory normally makes clocks and watches, but during the war it produced precision instruments for aeroplanes. The underlined word can be replaced by ______ without changing the meaning.A. turned outB. turned upC. turned downD. turned on56. ______ care would have prevented the road accident.A. MuchB. A littleC. LittleD. Less57. He operates the new machine as if he _____ special training in it.A. has receivedB. had receivedC. would receiveD. received58. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, _____ to find it locked.A. justB. onlyC. henceD. thus59. ______ rain, the football match will be postponed.A. In the consequence ofB. In defiance ofC. In danger ofD. In the event of60. Concerns about the falling standard of English (and the resultant lack of competitiveness), the unemployment rate of the ethnic Malays who are largely monolingual and the continued segregation of the races prompted the then Minister of Education, Musa Mohamed, ______ that beginning from January 2003 a Malay-English mixed-medium education would be implemented in national schools.A. declaringB. having declaredC. declareD. to declare61. Sophie tricked her boyfriend ______ she had forgotten his birthday.A. believeB. to believeC. believingD. into believing62. People hate ______ queues everywhere.A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there is63. This year's GCSE results reflected a fall in the number of teenagers choosing to study a modern language. The number of candidates studying French fell _____ 13.2% compared with last year.A. ofB. byC. atD. in64. On the way back to the campus, we came across a ______ coupleA. newly-weddingB. newly-weddedC. new-weddingD. new-wedded65. The teacher is always dealing ______ and square with all the students irrespective of sex and test scores.A. fairlyB. fairB. firm D. firmly66. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, _____ for Europe this afternoon.A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leave67. The teaching of English often became the major priority, and there was no serious attention to maintaining the other language once this had been achieved. The underlined pronoun “this” refers to _____.A. the teaching of EnglishB. attentionC. the major priorityD. the other language68. He operates the new machine as if he _____ special training in it.A. has receivedB. had receivedC. would receiveD. received69. The report claims that Congo's war--which lasted from 1998 to 2003--and its aftermath ______ caused more deaths than any other global conflict since WWII.A. haveB. hadC. hasD. having70. There’s now some hope of ______ a settlement of the dispute.A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there areII.Point out the sentence types of the following, and then Enlarge and complicate these sentences without changing their sentence types, and finally underline the original sentence elements. (20 points)Eg. The governments shall take measures. →SVO: For the sake of popularizing Putonghua and the standardized Chinese characters, the governments at various levels and the relevant departments under them shall take measures.1. The turbulent “cultural revolution” occurred.2. The deed tarnished his reputation.3. The authorities offered the company a chance to raise the threshold.4. The world sees US credit rating teetering on edge.5. There are vogue wordsIII. Translate from Chinese to English. (30 points)陈士成看过县考的榜，回到家里的时候，已经是下午。
2013 年考研日语真题全文本翻译
2013 年考研日语（203）真题全文本翻译I 基础知识在地球上，有炎热干燥的沙漠地带，反之，也有冬天可以到负的十几度，冰封雪飘的地方。
这样的地方，也有着各种各样的动物，为适应各自的环境生存着。
动物身体的形状和气候之间有着有趣的关系。
一般来说住在寒冷地方的动物与住在温暖地方的相比，体型小而微胖，耳朵和手脚等鼓出身体的部分一般较少。
在寒冷地方为了保持体温，就必须保证体内散发的热量尽量不流失。
同样体积的动物，身体鼓出的部分越少，体型就越接近球体，身体的表面积也就越少。
身体的表面积越少，也就意味着与外界空气接触的面积越少，这样被剥夺的热量也就越少。
所以体型微胖而圆的动物，是很适合在寒冷地方生存的。
实际上，住在寒冷地带的北极狐，有着圆而小的耳朵。
耳朵和手脚等部位的血管离身体的表面很近，热量就很容易被剥夺。
所以，正是因为耳朵小，才可以防止热量被剥夺后体温下降。
相反，住在炎热沙漠的猫科动物（狐狸犬？）就有着大大的耳朵，为的是体温上升时将热量散发出去。
从事动物园行业的人们都说，大象即使是在很寒冷的地方也能饲养，但长颈鹿就很难饲养。
这个虽然是经验之谈，但和前面的叙述也不是没有联系的。
大象的体型，总的来说是都近似于球体，但长颈鹿的脚和脖子却都很长，不管怎么看都不是适合生活在寒冷地带的动物。
还有，在寒冷地带居住的同样种类的动物，与在温暖地方居住的动物相比据说体型也要大些。
以日本鹿为例，北海道的蝦夷鹿、本州、四国、九州的本州鹿、屋久岛的屋久鹿、冲绳的庆良间鹿，都是从北到南，体型逐渐变小。
为了维持一定的温度而产热的过程，是由肌肉的活动来完成的。
体型越大，肌肉越发达，产热量也就越多。
所以体型较大的动物，就是很适合生活在寒冷地带。
居住在寒冷地带的动物，身披着可以防寒的优质皮毛。
日本羚羊的冬毛，就十分的华丽。
它的毛就像垂直的耸立在它身上一样。
因为这皮毛的保护，外部空气和皮肤直接就形成了空气层，使得它可以不直接受到外部低温的影响。
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2013年上海海事大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
试题
（重要提示：答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题上不给分）
考试科目：日语语法与翻译
一、以下の言葉を日本語か中国語に訳してください。
（2×20＝40点）
1、吃小亏占大便宜
2、眼不见为净
3、自作自受
4、种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
5、马耳东风
6、垂涎三尺
7、欲速则不达8、临阵磨枪
9、好了伤疤忘了痛10、瘦死的骆驼比马大
11、空き腹にまずいものなし12、釈迦に説法
13、根も葉もない14、二階から目薬
15、味噌も糞も一緒にする16、どんぐりの背比べ
17、焼け石に水18、日常茶飯事
19、猿も木から落ちる20、蟻の這い出る隙もない
二、以下の中国語の文を日本語に訳してください。
（4×10＝40点）
1、某一种新的流行一经出现，首先是满载有关流行信息的妇女杂志大加渲染地宣传，这又反过来再次吸引了更多的年轻人。
2、日前，工商银行推出了"自助银行"服务，储户凭借银行卡可以在自动存款机上取款并自动打印取款记录。
3、小说上都说眼睛是心灵的窗户。
一点不假，他的眼睛纯净、诚实。
4、退休后他每天的工作是浇花、看书、吟诗和画画。
5、在家里他可是个大男子主义，油瓶倒了也不扶一下。
6、个别演员不参加所在文艺团体的正常演出，专门“走穴”，挣大钱。
7、“入世”后，中国以更加积极的姿态在更为广泛的领域里推进了经济全球化的进程。
8、人们常说水往低处流，人往高处走，上海正在掀起一股“跳槽热”。
收入是改行的主要原因。
但是除此之外，“想发挥才能”、“想换换环境”也是最主要的原因。
9、北京有个“单身俱乐部”。
这个俱乐部是为丧偶、离异和未找到佳侣处于单身状态的男女提供娱乐和交流的场所。
光临俱乐部的目的虽然不单纯是为了寻找配偶，但谁也不否认对此窃窃地抱着希望。
10、用一句话归纳起来，少年宫是少年儿童课外活动的乐园。
作为校外的教育部门，少年宫协助学校对学生进行教育，在更好地贯彻教育方针使学生德智体全面发展方面起到了重要的作用。
三、以下の日本語の文を中国語に訳してください。
（5×5＝25点）
1、仕事の合間に庭に出て眺めまわし、鉢をうごかしたりして、それから部屋に戻り、少し書いて、また外に出るという具合に繰り返して、頭脳労働と肉体労働を結びつけるのですが、これは心身双方に有益であり、薬を飲むより効果的なのです。
2、私は追川初の一生の犠牲の美しさに、酔わされるなら酔ってしまおうと思う。
騙されるなら騙されようと思う。
僕の人生観が、こんなにも一変したんだ。
騙されるのがこわくて、酔っぱらうのがこわくて、どうして人間の愛情がわかろうか。
僕はそこまで考えさせられている。
3、農地の減少を促進する要因としては、中山間地域や都市的地域を中心に広がる耕作放棄地の増大、都市的地域を中心とした転用の増大などがある。
一つの解決策としては、都市的な農地利用、農地の確保や利用の有り方などを明確にする「土地利用計画」を策定し、この計画に基づいて着実に実施することであろう。
4、絵は蕭索とした裸の樹を、遠近と疎らに描いて、その中に掌をうって談笑する二人の男を立たせている。
林間に散っている黄葉と、林梢に群がっている乱鴉と、――画面のどこを眺めても、うそ寒い秋の気が動いていないところはない。
5、日ごろ何気なく見過ごしているこのような習慣を分析してみると、日本人は、年じゅう自分の身の回りに自然というものを置いて、それを楽しんでいることがわかる。
こんな習慣がごく自然に受け入れられているのは、日本人の心の中に、自然は人間を祝福してくれるものであるという気持ちが、無意識の前提としてあるからではなかろうか。
四、以下の各文に一箇所ずつ誤りがあります。
訂正してください。
（2.5×6＝15点）１、彼にとって、十万円なんてたかだか雀の涙に過ぎないのである。
２、天気が寒くなりました。
たしかに北海道では雪がふったそうですね。
３、日本に来たばかりの頃、テレビが分からなかったが、だんだん分かってきた。
４、今年は雪がたくさん降るそうだ。
したがって、今年は特に寒くなるのだろう。
５、君たちが成功するかどうかは与えられたチャンスをどう使うかにかなっている。
６、最近の祭りは以前ほど活気がなくなってきた。
仕事を休まないで行くひつようはないでしょう。
五、以下のテーマから一つ選んで書いてください。
（七百字以内、30点）
１、翻訳者の主体性について論じてください。
２、現代日本語文法において重要な位置を占めてきた山田文法、松下文法、橋本文法、時枝文法の中の一つを紹介してください。