高中英语阅读理解推理题及词义猜测题
【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the ti p of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.（1）What can we learn from the passage?A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.（2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3?A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.B. The plastic particles.C. Seafood.D. Fatty tissues.（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,D. People should stop using plastic products immediately.（4）Which may be the title of the passage?A. Plastic pollution in the World.B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.D. Plastic pollution and our health.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版1.The author uses the word "jubilant" in the passage. What does it mean?A.angryB.happyC.sadD.tired答案：B。
解析：在文章中可以通过作者描述的场景和氛围来猜测词义。
文中提到人们在庆祝活动中，脸上洋溢着笑容，由此可推断“jubilant”是高兴的意思。
选项A“angry”生气不符合庆祝活动的氛围；选项C“sad”悲伤也与场景不符；选项D“tired”疲惫同样不恰当。
2.In the story, the word "scurry" is mentioned. What's the meaning?A.walk slowlyB.run quicklyC.jump highD.stand still答案：B。
解析：根据上下文，文中描述小动物们在听到声音后迅速行动，可推测“scurry”是快速跑的意思。
选项A“walk slowly”走得慢与迅速行动不符；选项C“jump high”跳得高不相关；选项D“stand still”站着不动也不对。
3.The word "mellow" appears in the text. What does it mean?A.sharpB.softC.loudD.quiet答案：B。
解析：从文章中对音乐或氛围的描述可以推断“mellow”的意思。
文中提到音乐让人放松，氛围很温和，所以“mellow”是柔和的意思。
选项A“sharp”尖锐不符合；选项C“loud”大声不对；选项D“quiet”安静不准确。
4.The author writes about a "vivacious" person. What does "vivacious" mean?A.boringB.livelyC.shyD.calm答案：B。
阅读理解专题——推理判断题(词义猜测+推断隐含意思)+课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
推断隐含意思
推断隐 含意思
要求 推断言外之意或弦外之音 常含infer(推断), suggest, imply
题干 常有can, could, probably, likely等
练习：名师指津P108 （四）
My mom's annual visits to my school sparked (激发) interest from other parents as well. Over the years, we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.
than, on the contrary, on the other hand等
考点4：作出判断和推理
这类试题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行 逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的 趋势。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要组 成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。 每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
练习：名师指津P108 （四） Every September, I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know. The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. I fretted that my teachers would label me the “Jewish kid”.
高中英语真题-词义猜测题 建议用时：15分钟
词义猜测题建议用时：15分钟建议用时：15分钟A[2015·重庆一诊]A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrou nds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to m oney. The findings, the first in a series of reports from Nat W est that has started a fiveyear research project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of yo ung people is likely to be burdened with greater debts than a ny before.University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at ￡3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous p ressure to_raise_the__ceiling.In the research, the teenagers were presented with the terms of four different loans but 76 percent failed to identify the che apest. The young people also predicted that they would be e arning on average ￡31,000 by the age of 25, although the a verage salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just ￡17,815. The t eenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than ￡ 10,000. Average debts for graduates a re ￡12,363.Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Ba nk of Scotland Group which owns Nat West, said. “The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the young er they become aware of them, the more likely they are to bec ome responsible， forwardplanning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.”Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of students' loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new less ons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15, fro m St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on per sonal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn abo ut money.本文是关于英国的研究机构的一份调查，表明大部分青少年对钱的问题认识不深，他们大多数过高估计了未来赚钱的前景，对他们以后可能要负担的债务也没有认识。
英语阅读理解6大题型,20个解题技巧,得高分就这么简单!
英语阅读理解6大题型，20个解题技巧，得高分就这么简单!在高考英语的复习备考中，阅读理解一直是很多同学迈不过去的坎儿，最终往往成为失分较多的题型。
如何做好阅读理解，做对阅读题？本期内容将从阅读理解常考的6个题型入手，帮助同学们分析题型、快速掌握做题技巧，真正做到有的放矢，提高做题正确率！阅读理解的设题类型主要分为基础题和深层理解题两类，其中主要包括细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、写作意图题以及观点态度题这6个题型。
类别1：基础题——细节理解题1.细节理解题细节理解题主要考查原文中的具体信息，用who，when，where，what，which，why，how many和how much等进行发问，考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节的理解能力。
解题原则:忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系，不能主观臆断。
解题方法：Step1：题干中选定关键词(定位词)Step2：通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域Step3：结合信息区域上下文理解、比对Step4：排除干扰项，筛选得出答案技巧1：若针对举例子、人物言论出题，需要查找例子以及人物所说的句子前后的内容，然后与各选项逐一核对。
技巧2：在出现一些关键词,如however，but，moreover, therefore，thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、递进、因果等关系。
技巧3：细节理解题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换。
技巧4：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。
如: must,never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no，completely，none, 等。
但不是绝对，也有例外。
技巧5：注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。
如:must, may, often，should, usually,might, most，more or less，likely，all, never, few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换,往往被忽视。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题专题解析2
第一编专题一考点2A(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，B)“You can use me as a last resort(选择)，and if nobody else volunteers，then I will do it.”This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids'lacrosse (长曲棍球)club.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule，or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up，“Alright.Yes，I'll do it.”I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule，sends out emails，and collects money for end－of－season gifts.Somewhere along the way，the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still，most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more：Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time，money，skills，or services provides a real joy.V olunteering just feels so good.In that sense，I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.However，if others benefit in the process，and I get some reward too，does it really matter where my motivation lies?文章大意：主题：人与社会(社会服务)；话题：志愿者。
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高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第三节：阅读理解之推理判断题分析解读：推理判断题考查学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，对作者的态度及文章细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。
考生需尽量考虑文中的全部信息和事实，在理解通篇文章的基础上去领会作者的言外之意，并做出正确的推断，这是对文章深层次的把握，属于高层次的阅读理解。
即根据阅读材料中所提供的已知信息，推断出未知部分。
文章中没有明确的答案。
要求考生从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法和观点。
技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：(1) ?(2) ?(3) …?(4) ’s ’s ?(5) ?(6) ?(7) ?(8) ’s 语气?(9) ?(10) ?2.解答步骤：（1）定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
（2）字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。
（3）深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。
3.干扰项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理。
（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置，手段变目的等。
（3）根据考生已有的常识来看是正确的，但是却不是基于文章（4）推理过头，引申过度。
4. 注意：有时作者并未把意图说出来，我们可根据字面意思，通过研究语篇的逻辑关系和细节的暗示，来推敲作者的态度，进行深层理解。
典型例析：一．推断隐含意义：例： a ? a ? , a . . " ."Q：.A. B. .C. .D. .练一练: a a , “I(蟑螂) (蜘蛛).”“?”. “,”, “I’m (房东) I I .”Q: , .A． B.C. D. (昆虫)技巧：这类题干中通常含有, , , , (暗示)等标志性词语。
解题步骤：1, 全面分析 2, 忠实原文 3, 不要选择表层信息二．推断作者观点或态度：例：, ‘s . , . I , France, India, Denmark Nigeria;a . . ’s a ‘s, a .Q：?A. A .B. .C. .D.练一练: ’t ? I , (行贿)，.. , I’m .Q: ’s ’s ?A. B. C. D.技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。
站在作者的立场或角度思考答案。
表示态度的形容词：(1) 积极的 (9)(2) 消极的 (10) 漠不关心的(3) 乐观的 (11) 谨慎的(4) 悲观的 (12) 惊讶的(5) 客观的 (13) 同情的(6) 主观的 (14) 支持的(7) 羡慕的(15) 怀疑的(8) 批评的 (16) 赞成的（17）讽刺的（18）中立的三．推断写作目的：例：“ a a ? ?” University Edinburgh. “ a ,” .Q：.A. ’B. ’C. ’sD.练一练: A a a , a . ’s ——, , . , a . .’ , (吵架) . (拒绝) . . .’s . , . ’s .Q. .A. 主观臆想B. a aC.D. a技巧：这类题的题干中常有，或者后面接有目的的动词不定式，如： , , 等。
我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的目的和态度。
与写作目的对应的文章如下：（1） (使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。
（2）(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。
(告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类、科普类、文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性文章。
（3）开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。
简介相关事物——为了引出主题。
列举具体事例——说明文段的主题温馨提示：设身处地站在作者的角度上想一想四．推断文章出处：例：’t . , , ! . ’ . , ! ’ , . Q：.A. aB. aC. aD. a练一练:a !a !· a .· a .·, !$199$99, .Q：?A. aB. aC. aD. a技巧：1.看文章体裁和题材：, , , , , .2. 通过文章内容，判断读者对象是谁。
出现（点击），往往来自五．推断下文内容：例：. (账户) a a (借记卡). (信用卡), (透支)…Q: ?A.B. aC.D.’s a技巧：关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话。
总结：如何排除干扰项：1.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，要严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理；2.推理的根据来自于上下文；3.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它一般不是推论，也就不是正确答案；4.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；5.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案；6.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词（, , ）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；7.注意作者在文中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了，，则常带有否定的口气；8.某些过渡词（, , , ‘s ）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度；第四节：阅读理解之猜测词义题分析解读：在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。
是阅读理解的必考题型，题干中通常含有，或者等。
技巧点拨：1. 常见提问方式：(1)“…”?(2)“…”?(3)?(4)?2．解题步骤：（1）在文中找到线索或信息词（2）根据周围熟悉的词的逻辑关系（并列，转折，递进，对比，因果）来判断新单词的意思。
（3）根据上下文（即语境）判断新词汇在特定句中的意思。
典型例析：练一练：猜测下列划线词的意思。
（1） a , .资金，结构后的， F（2）, .不英俊 D（3）, a , . a , .干旱 B（4）, .准时 E（5）’t , ’t .责备 C（6）, , , .一种水果，椰子 A总结：A.根据并列同列关系：一般来说，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。
B.根据同位或解释关系：当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。
往往常见的词有：, , , , , , .C.根据因果关系：常见关联词有：, , , , , , a , , , ….D.根据反义词关系：看转折关系的连词或副词，如, , 等，或者看与搭配等表示否定意义的词语。
E.根据转折或对比关系：由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义，常见词有：, , , , , …, , , 。
F.根据近义词关系：看由或连接的同义词词组，或者看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
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