英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 6 Literature.doc
Unit 6 Literature(1)Lesson 16(E—C)Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1)By Thomas HardyOn an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoinning Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasinally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was reffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently hi was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune.‘Good night t’ee,’ said the man with the basket.‘Good night, Sir John,’ said the parson.The pedestrian, after another pace or two, halted, and turned round.‘Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about this time, and I zaid “Good night,” and you made reply “Good night, Sir John,” as now.’‘I did,’ said the parson.‘And once before that—near a month ago.’‘I may have.’‘Then what might your meaning be in calling me “Sir John” these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler?The parson rode a step or two nearr.‘It was only my whim,’he said; and, after a moment’s hesitation: ‘It was on account of a discovery I made some little time ago, whilst I was hunting up pedigres for the new county history.I am Parson Tringham, the antiquary, of Stagfoot Lane. Don’t you reaally know, Durbeyfield, that you are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d’Urbervilles, who dervie their descent from Sir Pagan d’Urberville, that renowned knight who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror, as appears by Battle Abbey Roll?’‘Never heard it before, sir!’‘Well it’s true.’…‘But you’ll turn back and have a quart of beer wi’me on the strength o’t Pa’son Tringham? There’s a very pretty brew in tap at The Pure Drop—though, to be sure, not so good as at Rolliver’s.’‘No, thank you—not this evening, Durbeyfield. You’ve had enough already.’(from Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Chapter 1)译文：五月后半月里，有一天傍晚，一个中年男子，正打沙氏屯，朝着跟这相连的那个布蕾谷（或者布莱谷）里面的马勒村往家里走去。
支着他的那两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。
待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好像是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。
他胳膊上挎着一个空着的鸡蛋篮子，他头上那顶帽子的绒头都乱七八糟的，帽檐上摘帽子的时候大拇指接触的那个地方还磨掉了一大块。
他往前刚走了一会儿，就有一个要上年纪的牧师，跨着一匹灰色的骒马，一路信口哼着一个小调儿，迎着面儿走来。
“晚安，”挎篮子的人说。
“约翰爵士，晚安，”牧师说。
那个步行的男子又走了一两步，站住了脚，转过身来：“先生，对不起。
上次赶集的日子，咱们差不多也是这样儿在这条路上碰见的，那回俺对你说‘晚安’，你也跟刚才一样回答说‘约翰爵士，晚安’。
”“不错，是，”牧师说。
“在那一次以前，大概有一个月了，也有过这么一回。
”“也许。
”“俺分明是平平常常的杰克·德北，一个乡下小贩子，你可三番两次地老叫俺‘约翰爵士’，到底是什么意思？牧师拍马走近了一两步。
“那不过是我一时的高兴就是了，”他说；跟着迟疑了一会儿：“那是因为不久以前，我正考查各家的谱系预备编新郡志的时候，发现了一个事情，所以我才这么称呼你。
我是丝台夫路的崇干牧师兼博古家。
德北，你真不知道你就是那古老的武士世家德伯氏的嫡派子孙吗？德伯氏的始祖是那位有名气的武士裴根·德伯爵士，据‘纪功寺谱’上说，他是跟着胜利王维廉从诺曼底到英国来的。
”“从来没听说过，先生！”“这是真事。
”……“可是，崇干牧师，既是这样，那你回来跟俺去喝它一夸特啤酒，好不好？清酒店有开了桶的好酒，可是比起露力芬店里的，自然还差点儿。
”“谢谢你，不喝了，今儿晚上不喝了，德北。
我瞧你喝的已经不少了。
”Lesson 17(E—C)An American Tragedy(1)By Theodore DreiserTo-day, being driven by the necessity of doing something for himself, h entered the drug store which occupied the principal corner, facing 14th street at Baltimore, and finding a girl cashier in a small glas cage near the door, asked of her who was in charge of the soda fountain. Interested by his tentative and uncertain manner, as well as his deep and rather appealing eyes, and instinctively judging that he was looking for something to do, she observed: “why, Mr.Secor, there, the manager of the store.” She nodded in the direction of a short, meticulously dressed man of about thirty-five, who was arranging an especial display of toilet novelies on the top of a glass case. Clyde approached him, and being still very dubious as to how one went about getting anything in life, and finding him engrossed in what he was doing, stood first on one foot and then on the other, until at last, sensing some one was hovering about for something, the man turned: “Well?” he queried.“You don’t happen to ned a soda fountain helper, do you ?” Clyde cast at him a glance that sid as plain as anythng could, “If you have any such place, I wish you would please give it to me. I“No, no, no,”eplied this individual, who was blond and vigorous and by nature a little irritabl and contentious. He was about to turn away, but seeing a flicker of disappointment and depression pass over Clyde’s face, he turned and added, “Ever work in a place like this efore?”“No place as fine as this No, sir.”Replied Clyde, rather fancifully moved by all that was about him. “I’m working now down at Mr.Klinkle’s store at 7th and Brooklyn, but it isn’t anything like this one and I’d like to get something better if I could.”“Uh,” went on his interviewer, rather pleased by the innocent tribute to the superirity of his store. “Well, that’s reasonable enough. But there isn’t anything here right now that I could offer you. We don’t make many changes. But if you’d like to be a bellboy, I can tell you where you might get a place. They’re looking for an etra boy in the hotel inside there right now. The capptain of the boys was telling me he was in need of one. I should think that would be as good as helping about a soda fountain, any day.”Then seeing Clyde’s face suddenly brighten, he added: “But you mustn’t say that I sent you, because I don’t know you. Just ask for Mr. Squires inside there, under the stairs, and he can tell you all about it.”(from Theodore Drieser, An American Tragedy, Book 1, Chapter 4)译文：今天他因为急于要给自己想个办法，迫不得已，便走进了那家杂货店。
自考本科英语课文翻译
Unit 1 Cultural Differences文化差异In 1993, I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California. I was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management. ―Russians are a very polite people,‖ I had been tutored before my arrival. One of my interpreters, once I was there, explained that a gentleman should pour the lemonade (a type of juice) for the ladies and show other courtesies to them.1993年,我作为加利福尼亚大学的代表，有了我的第一个访问俄罗斯的机会。
我在该地区的农业劳动管理区提供一些技术援助。
“俄罗斯人是很有教养的人,”我在来访之前就被这样教导过。
我一到那儿，我的一位翻译员就对我解释说,一作为一个绅士应该为女士们倒柠檬汁(一种果汁)并且向他们展示其它的礼貌礼仪。
Toward the end of my three-week trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Dmitri Ivanovich and his lovely wife Yielena out to dinner. At the end of a wonderful meal Yielena asked if I would like a banana. I politely declined and thanked her, and explained I was most satisfied with the meal. But the whole while my mind was racing: “What do I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me? What is the polite thing to do?”就在我这三周的旅行快要结束的时候，我被我的朋友，一位年轻的俄罗斯东道主，季米特里·伊万诺维奇和他美丽的妻子Yielena邀请去吃晚饭。
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 7 Literature.doc
Unit 7 Literature (2)Lesson 19(E—C)East of Eden(1)By John SteinbeckThe Salinas Valley is in Northern California. It is a long narrow swale betwwen two ranges of mountains, and the Salinas River winds and twists up the center until it falls at last into Monterey Bay.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the irds awaken in the summer—and what trees and seasons smelled like—how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.I remember that the Gabilan Mountains to the east of the valley were light gay mountains full of sun and loveliness and a kind of invitation, so that you wanted to climb into their warm foothills almost as you want to climb into the lap of a beloved mother. They were beckoning mountains with a brown grass love. The Santa Lucias stood up against the sky to the west and kept the valley from the open sea, and they were dark and brooding—unfriendly and dangerous. I always found in myself a dread of west and a love of east. Where I ever got such an idea I cannot say, unless it could be that the morning came over the peaks of the Gabilans and the night drifted back from the ridges of the Santa Lucias. It may be that the birth and death of the day had some part in my feeling about the two ranges of mountains.From both sides of the valley little streams slpipped out of the hill canyons and fell into the bed of the Salinas River. In the winte of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer. The river tore the edges of the farm lands and washed whole acres down; it toppled barns and houses into itself, to go floating and bobbing away. It trapped cows and pigs and sheep and drowned them in its muddy brown water and carried them to the sea. Then when the late spring came, the river drew in from its edges and the sand banks appeared. And in the summer the river didn’t run at all above ground. Some pools would be left in the deep swirl places under a high bank. The tules and grasses grew back, and willows straightened up with the flood debris in their upper branches. The Salinas was only a part-time river. The summer sun drove it underground. It was not a fine river at all, but it was the only one we had and so we boasted about it—how dangerous it was in a wet winter and how dry it was in a dry summer. You can boast about anything if it’s all you have. Maybe the less you have, the more you are required to boast.(from John Steinbeck, East of Eden, Chapter1)译文：萨利内斯河谷位于加利福民亚州北部。
英汉翻译教程unit6
• 11. Thunder roared and a pouring rain started. • 试翻译：雷声怒吼中开始下起了倾盆大雨。（拟人） 试翻译：雷声怒吼中开始下起了倾盆大雨。（拟人） 。（拟人 • 12. It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. • 试翻译： 建一个室内游泳池只花几美元。（夸张） 。（夸张 试翻译： 建一个室内游泳池只花几美元。（夸张） • 13. To tell you the truth, I was really scared to death at that time. • 试翻译：说真的，我那时真是吓得要死。（夸张） 试翻译：说真的，我那时真是吓得要死。（夸张） 。（夸张 • 14. His words made my blood freeze. • 试翻译：听了他的话，我的血都快凝固了。（夸张） 试翻译：听了他的话，我的血都快凝固了。（夸张） 。（夸张 • 15. He threw a nervous glance at his brother. • 试翻译：他紧张地朝他的兄弟瞥了一眼。（移就） 试翻译：他紧张地朝他的兄弟瞥了一眼。（移就） 。（移就
• "You're giving me a pain in the neck," shouted Dr. Ruby, "Do you have a chip on my shoulder or something? Just laugh!" • 你是不是成心找不愉快 成心找不愉快？ 成心找不愉快 • "I don't have a chip on my shoulder. Nothing is broken. I told you I have a sore throat and a pain in my knee." • "My knee only hurts when dance," said the doctor. "That's because I have two left feet." • 那是因为我笨手笨脚 笨手笨脚。" 笨手笨脚
大学英语自学教程上UNIT6
大学英语自学教程上UNIT6[00:02.09]第六单元课文A[00:04.18]Diamonds[00:05.96]金刚石[00:07.73]Diamonds are rare, beautiful, and also quite useful.[00:10.81]金刚石是稀有物质，美丽，并且有使用价值。
[00:13.90]They are the hardest substance found in nature.[00:16.27]金刚石是自然界所发现的最坚硬的物质。
[00:18.65]That means a diamond can cut any other surface.[00:21.17]这意味着金刚石能够切割其他任何物体表面。
[00:23.69]And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.[00:27.08]只有金刚石才能在金刚石上刻划很浅的痕迹。
[00:30.46]Diamonds are made from carbon.[00:32.78]金刚石的成分是碳。
[00:35.11]Carbon is found in all living things,both plant and animal.[00:38.30]碳存在于包括动物与植物在内的一切生物体中。
[00:41.48]Much of the carbon in the earth comes from things that once lived.[00:44.96]地球上的大部分碳来源于曾是有生命的物体。
[00:48.43]Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure[00:51.87]科学家认识到极高的温度和压力[00:55.30] changes carbon into diamonds.[00:57.67]使碳变成了金刚石。
《大学英语》第6段 段落与课文翻译
Book 3 Unit 4 中译英翻译你能想像一个身体严重残疾的妇女独自经营一个网站并且像一个专业的体育记者一样详细报道洛杉矶道奇队吗?如果我没有亲眼见到她蜷曲在轮椅里，用固定在头上的一根棍子敲击字键打出她的评论，我是绝不会相信的。
我长途驱车希望揭露一个精心策划的骗局，但是，看着她在黑暗的棚屋里添写她的报道，我知道我发现了一个真正的赢家。
她对棒球的热情和她对球员的信赖使我回到了积极的态度。
Could you imagine a woman with a severe physical handicap running a website on her own and covering the Los Angles Dodgers as extensively as a professional sportswriter? I would never believe it if I had not seen her with my own eyes, curled up in a wheelchair, typing her comments by hitting the key with a pointer fastened to her head. I had driven a long way in hopes of uncovering an elaborate hoax, but watching her strain in the gloom of her shanty to add to her story, I knew I had found a true winner. Her enthusiasm for the game and her trust in the athletes brought me back to a positive attitude.Unit 5 中译英翻译1) 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。
大学英语unit6原文与翻译
I'm Going to Buy the Brooklyn BridgeHow do some women manage to combine a full-time job with family responsibilities and still find time for doing other things? Adrienne Popper longs to be like them, but wonders whether it is an impossible dream.有些妇女何以能既做一份全职工作又能兼顾家庭的责任，并仍有余暇做其他事情？艾德丽安·波珀渴望能像她们一样，但又怀疑这会不会是一个根本无法实现的梦想。
Adrienne Popper1 Not long ago I received an alumni bulletin from my college. It included a brief item abouta former classmate:"Kate L. teaches part-time at the University of Oklahoma and is assistant principal at County High School. In her spare time she is finishing her doctoral dissertation and the final drafts of two books, and she still has time for tennis and horse riding with her daughters." Four words in that description undid me: in her spare time. A friend said that if I believed everything in the report, she had a bridge in Brooklyn she'd like to sell me.我要买下布鲁克林桥艾德丽安·波珀不久前，我收到母校一份校友简报。
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit2 History.doc
Unit2 HistoryLesson 4 (E—C)Ngland Before the Idndustrial RevolutionThe contry was a place where men worked form dawn to dark, and the labourer lived not in thd sun, but in poverty and karkness. What aids there were to lighten labour were immemorial, like the mill, which was already ancient in Chaucer’s time. The Industrial Revolution began with such machines; the millwrights were the engineers of the coming age. James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a illage.Brindley’s improvements were practical: to sharpen and step up the performance of the water wheel as a machine. It was the first multi-purpose machine for the new industries. Brindley worked, for example, to improve the grinding of flints, which were used in the rising pottery industry.Yet there was a bigger movement in the air by 1750. water had become the engineers’element, and men like Brindley were possessed by it. Water was gushing and fanning out all over the countryside. It was not simply a source of power, it was a new wave of movement. James brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’.Brindley had begun on his own account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he travelled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines. The Duke of Bridgewater then got him to build a canal to carry coal from the Duke’s pits at Worsley to the rising town of Manchester…. Brindley went on to connect Manchester with Liverpool in an even bolder manner, and in all laid out almost four hundred miles of cannals in a network all over England.Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. One is that the men who made the revolution were practical men. Like Brindley, they often had little education, and in fact school education as it then was could only dull an inventive mind. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded. The universities also(there were only two, at Oxford and Cambridge) took little interest in modern or scientific studies; and they were closed to those who did not conform to the Church of England.The other outstanding feature is that the new invetions were for veryday use. The canals were arteries of communication: They were not made to carry pleasure boat, but barges. And the barges were not made to carry luxuries,but pots and pans and bales of cloth, boxes of ribbon, and all the common things that people buy by the pennyworth. These things had been manufactured in villages which were growing into towns now, away from London; it was a country-wide trade.(from J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man)译文：工业革命前的英国在农村，人们从早到晚都得干活，劳动者并不是沐浴在阳光下，而是生活在贫困和黑暗中，那些帮助减轻劳动的机械都不知从哪个年代起就有了。
自考Unit6 TextA
run a business or to do a particular activity Use price to mean the amount of money that you must pay for
--v. constrain Financial factors should not constrain doctors from prescribing the best treatment for patients.
LOGO
budget
We'll have to budget more carefully. This scheme enables you to budget the cost through
LOGO
Wages
money you earn that is paid according to the number of hours, days, or weeks that you work [↪ salary]:
He earns a good wage.
daily/weekly etc wage
to eat or drink too much: It's hard not to overindulge at Christmas.
--indulge to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy, especially something that is considered bad for you
国考自考英语二Unit 6 参考译文
Unit 6 参考译文对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话人表达赞成或者不赞成的方式。
史蒂夫：澳大利亚英语和英国英语很相似，你同意吗？爱丽丝：我不确定是否十分赞成。
史蒂夫：哦，那你有什么经验吗？爱丽丝：我想说这两种语言差异很大。
的确，澳大利亚人讲英语，但是即便是英国人和美国人都认为澳大利亚人的口音很难听懂。
史蒂夫：嗯，在这一点上你可能说得有道理，但是并不是所有的澳大利亚人讲英语口音都很重啊.爱丽丝：真的吗？史蒂夫：是的，一般来讲，他们的教育程度越高，他们讲英语的澳大利亚口音就越不明显。
爱丽丝：是的，你说得太对了。
Text A读前问题：1．回忆并描述过去你父母是如何给你分配零花钱，你又是怎么花的。
2．家长给孩子零花钱的方式对于孩子的财务管理能力有什么影响？教会孩子明智地使用零花钱在校的孩子们需要零花钱买吃的、文具以及车票。
父母以不同的方式给孩子零花钱，有些家长在周一或者月初一次性给孩子零花钱，而有些家长则喜欢每天给零花钱。
一方面，家长给零花钱的方式会影响到孩子花钱或者攒钱的方式。
另一方面，孩子们花钱的．习惯也会影响到家长给零花钱的方式。
每天都给的零花钱有时候称为“饭钱”，下午学校有活动的话，孩子们通常会在课间休息或者午餐的时候用这钱买食物，这样他们学会了怎么花少量的钱。
数量有限，他们得控制花销。
有些家长选择这种方式给孩子零花钱，就是不想让孩子花太多钱，希望一段时间之后，能够放心把更多的零花钱交给孩子。
日结工资的家长由于经济紧张也许也会选择这种方式。
每天给零花钱的做法实际上是要求家长，而不是孩子养成谨慎花钱的习惯。
孩子知道第二天还能得到一笔钱，因而会花光每一分钱，暴食垃圾食品。
这样一来，孩子在花钱方面就会变得目光短浅了，可能会认为钱就是用来消费的。
有些孩子花钱入不敷出了，就从兄弟姐妹或者同学那里借钱花，放纵自己，之后又会借钱还债。
养成了这种借钱的习惯，他们就会依赖别人解决自己的种种问题，这样定量给零花钱的目的就彻底落空了。
自考英语(二)课文(第六单元)
Unit 7T ext AFamilies“Family”_ the word has different meanings f or different people, and even the di ctionary gives us sev eral definitions: “a group of people related by blood or marriage,’’“two adults and their children,’’“ all those people descended f rom a common ancestor,’’“ a household,’’ and so on. Some people think of a family as a mother, a father, and their children; others include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. For some of us, family means the group of relatives living far away from home. For others, having a family simply means having children. Some f amilies have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. No matter if it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every f amily has a sense of what a f amily is. It is that f eeling of belonging, of love and security that comes f rom living together, helping and sharing.There are basically two types of families: nuclear families and extended f amilies. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents (mother and f ather) and thei r children. The mother and f ather f orm the nucleus, or cent er, of the nuclear family. The children stay in the nuclear f amily until they grow up and marry. Then they f orm new nuclear families.The extended f amily is very large. There are of t en many nuclear families in one extended f amily. An extended f amily includes children, parents, grand-parents, uncles, aunts, and cousins. The members of an extended f amily are related by blood (grandparents, parents, children, brothers, sisters, etc.) or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc.). They are all related, so the members of an extended f amily are called relatives.Traditionally, all the members of an extended family lived in the same area. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the f amily home in order to f ind work. In industrial societies today, the members of most nuclear families live together, but most extended f amilies do not live together. Theref ore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended f amily as the society industrializ es: In post-industrial societies like the United States, even the nuclear f amily is changing. The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want f ewer children, and the number of childless families is increasing. Traditionally, the f ather of a nucl ear family earned money f or the family while the mother cared for house and the children. Today, more than 50% of the nuclear f amilies in the United States are two-earner families_ both the f ather and the mother earn money f or the f amily_ and in a f ew families the mother earns the money while the f ather takes care of the house and the children. Many nuclear f amilies are also “splitting up’’ _ more and more parents are getting divorced.What will be the result of this “ splitting”of the nuclear f amily? Social scientists now talk of two new f amily f orms: the single parent f amily and the remarried f amil y. Almost 20% of all American f amilies are single parent f amilies, and in 85% of these f amilies the single parent is the mother.Most single parents f ind it very dif f i cult to take care of a f amily alone, so they soon marry again and f orm remarried f amilies. As social scientists study these two new f amily f orms, they will be able to tell us more about the f uture of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. (565 words) (3) (23)T ext BThe Changing American FamilyThe f amily is important to people all over the world although the structure of the family is quite different from one count ry to another. In the United States, as in many countries in the world, the f amily is changing. A generation or two ago, the traditional f amily, in which the f ather was boss, was customary. Now the modern f amily, in which both the f ather and the mother are equal partners, is more common. Although there are several similarities between the traditional and the modern f amily, there are also some very important diff erences.The traditional f amily of yesterday and the modern f amily of today have several similarities. The traditional f amily was a nuclear f amily, and the modern f amily is, too. The role of the father in the traditional f amily was to provide f or his f amily. Similarly, the f ather in the modern family is expected to do so, also. The mother in the traditional family took care of the children’s physical and emotional needs just as the modern mother does.On the other hand, there are some great diff erences between the traditional f amily and the modern f amily. The f irst important dif ference is in the man’s role. The traditional husband was the head of the household, because he was the only one who worked outside the home. If the wi f e worked f or pay, then the husband was not considered to be a good provider. In many f amilies today, both husband and wif e work f or pay. Theref ore, they share the role of head of household. In addition, the traditional husband usually made the big decisions about spending money. However, the modern husband shares these decisions with his working wi fe. Also, the traditional husband did not help his wif e with the housework or m eal preparation. Dinner was ready when he cam e home. In contrast, the modern husband helps his working wife at home. He may do some of the household jobs, and it is not unusual f or him to cook.The second diff erence is in the woman’s role. In the traditional f amily, the woman may have worked f or pay during her f irst years of marriage. However, af ter she becam e pregnant, she would usually give up her job. Her primary role was to take care of her family and home. In contrast, in many f amilies today, the modern woman works outside the home even af ter she has children. She’s doing two jobs instead of one, so she is busier than the traditional mother was. The traditional wif e learned to live within her husband’s income. On the other hand, the modern wif e does not have to because the f amily has two incomes.The f inal difference is in the role of the children. In the traditional f amily, the children were taken care of by the mother because she did not work outside the home. However, today preschool children may go to a child care center or to a baby-sitter regularly because the mother works. The school-age children of a traditional f amily were more dependent. Their mother was there to help them to get ready f or school and to make their breakfast. In contrast, modern children are more independent. They have to get up early in the morning and get ready f or school. Their mother is busy getting ready f or work, so they may even have to make their own breakfast.In conclusion, the American family of today is diff erent f rom the f amily of f i f ty years ago. In the modern f amily, the roles of the f ather, mother, and children have changed as more and more women work outside the home. The next century may bring more important changes to the American f amily structure. In should be interesting to see.(614 words) (6)(17)。