国际经济学英文题库

国际经济学英文题库
国际经济学英文题库

【国际经济学】英文题库

Chapter 1: Introduction

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?

*A. Coffee, tea, cocoa

B. steel, copper, aluminum

C. petroleum, coal, natural gas

D. typewriters, computers, airplanes

2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:

A. the United States

*B. Switzerland

C. Germany

D. England

3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:

*A. grown

B. diminished

C. remained unchanged

D. cannot say

4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:

A. the size of the nations' population

B. the percentage of its population to its GDP

*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP

D. all of the above

5. Economic interdependence is greater for:

*A. small nations

B. large nations

C. developed nations

D. developing nations

6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger

A. the larger the two nations

B. the closer the nations

C. the more open are the two nations

*D. all of the above

7. International economics deals with:

A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nations

B. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and payments

C. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation

*D. all of the above

8. International trade theory refers to:

*A. the microeconomic aspects of international trade

B. the macroeconomic aspects of international trade

C. open economy macroeconomics or international finance

D. all of the above

9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?

A. foreign exchange markets

B. the balance of payments

*C. the basis and the gains from trade

D. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria

10. Economic theory:

A. seeks to explain economic events

B. seeks to predict economic events

C. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event

*D. all of the above

11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?

A. two nations

B. two commodities

*C. perfect international mobility of factors

D. two factors of production

12. In the study of international economics:

A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for trade

B. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of payments

C. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case

*D. none of the above

13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome: *A. distance and space

B. trade restrictions

C. differences in currencies

D. differences in monetary systems

14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety:

A. positively

B. negatively

*C. most positively but some negatively

D. most negatively but some positively

15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:

A. benefit U.S. importers

*B. benefits U.S. exporters

C. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters

D. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters

16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?

A. It is a relatively new field

*B. it is a relatively old field

C. most of its contributors were not economists

D. none of the above

思考题:

1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要?

2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件,它们为什么重要?

3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么?全球化的利弊各是什么?

Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:

*A.free trade

B. stimulating the nation's exports

C. restricting the nations' imports

D. the accumulation of gold by the nation

2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:

*A. absolute advantage

B. comparative advantage

C. both absolute and comparative advantage

D. neither absolute nor comparative advantage

3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?

A. All

B. most

*C. some

D. none

4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:

A. absolute disadvantage

B. absolute advantage

C. comparative disadvantage

*D. comparative advantage

5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:

A. an absolute advantage in commodity Y

B. an absolute disadvantage in commodity Y

C. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y

*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y

6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation

B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):

A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity X

B. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y

*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X

D. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity

7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:

A. Px/Py=1 in nation A

B. Px/Py=3 in nation B

C. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B

*D. all of the above

8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:

A. nation A gains 2X

*B. nation B gains 6Y

C. nation A gains 3Y

D. nation B gains 3Y

9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:

A. 3Y < 3X < 5Y

B. 5Y < 3X < 9Y

*C. 3Y < 3X < 9Y

D. 1Y < 3X < 3Y

10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:

A. there will be no trade between the two nations

B. the relative price of X is the same in both nations

C. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations

*D. all of the above

11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:

*A. the labor theory of value

B. the opportunity cost theory

C. the law of diminishing returns

D. all of the above

12. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope d

B. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwise

C. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons

*D. all of the above

13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo n a difference in:

A. factor endowments

B. technology

C. tastes

*D. all of the above

14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:

A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade

*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade

C. the gains from trade are likely to be equally shared

D. we cannot say

15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically

*A. verified

B. rejected

C. not tested

D. tested but the results were inconclusive

思考题:

比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的?贸易利益又是如何分配的?

现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的?你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些?这意味着什么?

比较优势会不会发生变化?什么样的原因可能会导致其变化?

经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的?

Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International Trade

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s increasing opportunity costs in the production of:

A. commodity X only

B. commodity Y only

*C. both commodities

D. neither commodity

2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:

A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of X

B. the opportunity cost of X

C. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production

*D. all of the above

3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:

*A. technology differs among nations

B. factors of production are not homogeneous

C. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commodities

D. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity

4. Community indifference curves:

A. are negatively sloped

B. are convex to the origin

C. should not cross

*D. all of the above

5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:

A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve

*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain on the same indifference curve

C. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curve

D. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve

6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?

A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curve

B. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curve

C. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve

*D. all of the above

7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?

A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curves

B. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis

*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principle

D. all of the above.

8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation? *A. It consumes inside its production frontier

B. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontier

C. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontier

D. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py

9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:

A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity Y

B. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X

*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity Y

D. none of the above

10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:

A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports

*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/Py

C. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exports

D. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py

11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with trade

A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at equilibr ium

B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at equilibri um

C. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py

*D. all of the above

12. With free trade under increasing costs:

A. neither nation will specialize completely in production

B. at least one nation will consume above its production frontier

C. a small nation will always gain from trade

*D. all of the above

13. Which of the following statements is false?

A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specialization

B. gains from exchange result even without specialization

*C. gains from specialization result even without exchange

D. none of the above

14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:

A. greater

B. smaller

C. equal

*D. we cannot say without additional information

15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:

A. equal but tastes are not

B. different but tastes are the same

C. different and tastes are also different

*D. the same and tastes are also the same.

思考题:

国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同?

两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗?

两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?

Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodity

B. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodity

C. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *

D. all of the above

2. At a relative commodity price above equilibrium

A. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodity

B. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports

*C. the commodity price will fall

D. all of the above

3. The offer curve of a nation shows:

A. the supply of a nation's imports

B. the demand for a nation's exports

C. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports

*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports

4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nations

A. import commodity

*B. export commodity

C. export or import commodity

D. nontraded commodity

5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:

A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export production

B. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutes

C. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption

*D. all of the above

6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?

A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curves

B. it isolates for study one market

国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)

【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations

国际经济学(英文版)

Chapter 13 Balance of Payment 13.1 Introduction International finance: examination of the monetary aspects of international economics Balance of Payment: a summary statement in which all the transactions of the nation’s residents with the foreigners are recorded during a certain period. Main purpose of BOP: inform the government of the international position of the nation; to help it in its monetary, fiscal and trade policies. BOP traits: The BOP aggregates all the trades into a few categories Only the net balance of each type of international capital flow is included International transaction: Exchange of a good, service or assets between the residents of two nations. Gifts and certain transfers + International Transactions People Concerning BOP: Diplomats, soldiers, tourists and workers belong to motherland Corporation: motherland/ foreign branches: local International institutions: nowhere 13.2 BOP Accounting Principles Credit transactions: involve the receipt of payments from foreigners + Exports, unilateral transfers and goods received, capital inflow Capital inflow: an increase in foreign assets in the nation/本国持有外国资产上升 a reduction in the nation’s assets abroad/本国在外资产减少 Debit transactions: involve the making of payments to the foreigners - Imports, unilateral transfers or gifts paid, capital outflow Capital Outflow: an increase in the nation’s assets abroad a reduction in foreign assets in the nation Double-Entry Bookkeeping: each international transaction is recorded twice, once as a credit and once as a debit of an equal amount. 5 Examples in Textbooks 13.3 The International Transactions of the USA rounding. The official reserve assets: ?Gold holdings of monetary authorities黄金储备 ?Special Drawing Rights特别提款权(paper gold) International reserves created on the books of the IMF and distributed to member nations according to importance in international trade ?The reserve position in the IMF在IMF的头寸 The reserves paid in by the nation on joining the IMF, which the nation can then borrow automatically and without questions asked in case of need ?The official foreign currency holdings of monetary authorities外汇储备 Statistical Discrepancy: This is required to make the total credits equal to the total debits, as required by double-entry bookkeeping. 13.4 Accounting Balances and Disequilibrium in International Transactions Autonomous transactions: transactions in current account + capital account Take place for business or profit motives and independently of BOP considerations Items above the line Current account: All sales and purchases of currency produced goods and services, investment incomes, and unilateral transfers Link between the nation’s international transactions and its national income Current account surplus stimulates domestic production and income. Current account deficit dampens domestic production and income. Capital account: The changes in US-owned assets abroad and foreign-owned assets in the US other than official reserve assets Change in reserves reflects government policy rather than the market force. Accommodating transactions: Transactions in official reserve assets Items below the line The accommodating items form the Official Reserve Account. The balance on the official reserve account is called the Official Settlements Balance. Deficit in the BOP: The excess of debits over credits in the current and capital accounts The excess of credits over debits in official reserve account Surplus in the BOP: The excess of debits over credits in official reserve account The excess of credits over debits in the current and capital accounts

国际经济学试题及答案

三、名词解释 1.生产者剩余 答:生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 2.罗伯津斯基定理 答:罗伯津斯基定理是指在生产两种产品的情况下,如果商品的国际比价保持不变,一种生产要素增加所导致的密集使用该生产要素的产品产量增 加,会同时减少另外一种产品的产量。 3.产品生命周期 答:产品生命周期是指新产品经历发明、应用、推广到市场饱和、产品衰落,进而被其他产品所替代四个阶段。 4.购买力平价 答:购买力平价是指两种货币之间的汇率决定于它们单位货币购买力之间的比例。 5.市场内部化 答:市场内部化是指企业为减少交易成本,减少生产和投资风险,而将该跨国界的各交易过程变成企业内部的行为。 6.黄金输送点 答:黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点,是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限,它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 7.要素禀赋 答:要素禀赋,即要素的丰裕程度,是指在不同国家之间,由于要素的稀缺程度不同导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林 定理认为,要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础 8.比较优势 答:比较优势也称为比较成本或比较利益,是由英国古典经济学家大卫李·嘉图提出的。李嘉图通过两个国家两种产品的模型阐明,比较优势是一国 在绝对优势基础上的相对较大的优势,在绝对劣势基础上的相对较小的 劣势,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则。根据各自的 比较优势来来确定国际分工并进行贸易往来,双方便都可以获得比较利 益。 9.人力资本 答:所谓人力资本是资本与劳动力结合而形成的一种新的生产要素,然们通过劳动力进行投资(如进行教育、职业培训、保健等),可以提高原有 劳动力的素质和技能,劳动生产率得到提升,从而对一个国家参加国际 分工的比较优势产生作用与影响。 10.布雷顿森林体系 答:布雷顿森林体系是指从第二次世界大战结束到1971年所实行的金汇兑本位制。这一以美元为中心的固定汇率制度的特征简而言之便是“美元

国际经济学题库

International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 14 Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates 14.1 Money Defined: A Brief Review 1) The exchange rate between currencies depends on A) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies. B) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies and the expected future exchange rate. C) the expected future exchange rate. D) national output. E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition 2) Money serves as A) a medium of exchange. B) a unit of account. C) a store of value. D) All of the above. E) Only A and B. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 3) Money includes A) currency. B) checking deposits held by households and firms. C) deposits in the foreign exchange markets. D) Both A and B. E) A, B, and C. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 4) In the United States at the end of 2006, the total money supply, M1, amounted to approximately A) 10 percent of that year's GNP. B) 20 percent of that year's GNP. C) 30 percent of that year's GNP. D) 40 percent of that year's GNP. E) 50 percent of that year's GNP. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition 5) What are the main functions of money? Answer: Money serves in general three important functions: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; and a store of value. As a medium of exchange, money avoids going back to a barter economy, with the enormous search costs connected with it. As a unit of account, the use of money economizes on the number of prices an individual faces. Consider an economy with N goods, then one needs only (N - 1) prices. As a store of value, the use of money in general ensures that you can transfer wealth between periods. Question Status: Previous Edition

国际经济学复习题

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1.林德重叠需求论的假设条件和主要观点。 重叠需求理论是由瑞典经济学家林德提出,其理论核心是:两国之间贸易关系的密切程度是由两国的需求结构与收入水平决定的。 重叠需求理论有两个假设条件: 1、消费者行为假设:假设在一国之内,需求受消费者的收入水平决定。不同收入阶层的消费者偏好不同,收入越高的消费者就越偏好奢侈品,收入越低的消费者就越偏好必需品,但如果消费者收入水平相同,则其偏好也相同。2、两国需求重叠的假定:厂商根据消费者的收入水平与需求结构来决定其生产方向与内容,而生产的必要条件是对其产品有效需求的存在;如果两国的平均收入水平相近,则两国的需求结构也必定相似。反之,如果两国的收入水平相差很大,则他们的需求结构也必存在显著的差异。 重叠需求理论的基本观点是,重叠需求是国际贸易产生的一个独立条件。两国之间的需求结构若是越接近,则两国之间进行贸易的基础就越雄厚。当两国的人均收入水平越接近时,则重叠需求的范围也就越大,两国重复需要的商品都有可能成为贸易品。如果各国的国民收入不断提高,则由于收入水平的提高,新的重复需要的商品便不断地出现,贸易也相应地不断扩大,贸易中的新品种就会不断地出现。所以,收入水平相似的国家,互相间的贸易关系就可能越密切;反之,如果收入水平相差悬殊,则两国之间重复需要的商品就可能很少,贸易的密切程度也就很小。 2.国际贸易比较优势理论 比较优势可以表述为:在两国之间,劳动生产率的差距并不是在任何产品上都是相等的。每个国家都应集中生产并出口具有比较优势的产品,进口具有比较劣势的产品(即“两优相权取其重,两劣相衡取其轻”),双方均可节省劳动力,获得专业化分工提高劳动生产率的好处。假设条(1)假定贸易中只有两个国家和两种商品(X与Y商品),这一个假设的目的是为了用一个二维的平面图来说明这一理论。(2)两国在生产中使用不同的技术。技术的不同导致劳动生产率的不同进而导致成本的不同。(3)模型只假定在物物交换条件下进行,没有考虑复杂的商品流通,而且假定1个单位的X产品和一个单位的Y产品等价(不过他们的生产成本不等)。(4)在两个国家中,商品与要素市场都是完全竞争的。(5)在一国内要素可以自由流动,但是在国际间不流动。(6)分工前后生产成本不变。(7)不考虑交易费用和运输费用,没有关税或影响国际贸易自由进行的其他壁垒。但是,在贸易存在的条件下,当两国的相对商品价格完全相等时,两国的生产分工才会停止比较优势理论。如果存在运输成本和关税,当两国的相对价格差小于每单位贸易商品的关税和运输成本时,两国的生产分工才会停止。(8)价值规律在市场上得到完全贯彻,自由竞争,自由贸易。(9)假定国际经济处于静态之中,不发生其他影响分工和经济变化。(10)两国资源都得到了充分利用,均不存在未被利用的资源和要素。(11)两国的贸易是平衡的,即总的进口额等于总的出口额。

国际经济学复习题

比较利益:由英国经济学家托伦斯提出、嘉图发展的国际贸易理论。认为:即使一个国家生产每种产品都具有最高生产率,处于绝对优势,而另一个国家生产每种产品都处于绝对劣势,只要它们的劳动生产率在不同产品上存在区别,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则,便能从国际分工和贸易中获得利益。 出口的贫困增长:是指一国生产要素增加使产品出口增加时,该国的出口收入不但没有增加,反而减少了。造成这种局面的直接原因就是国际比价贸易条件的恶化。出口的贫困化增长主要发生在发展中国家,根源在于出口量随着生产能力提高而增加,引起国际市场价格下跌,进而造成贸易条件恶化。 要素禀赋:是指一国所拥有的可利用的经济资源的总量。它既包括自然存在的资源(如土地和矿产),也包括“获得性”资源(如技术和资本)。这是一个绝对量的概念。 要素禀赋理论:即赫克歇尔—俄林定理,简称H-O模型。在国际贸易中,一国的比较优势是由其要素丰裕度决定的。一国应生产和出口较密集地使用其较丰裕的生产要素的产品,进口较密集地使用其较稀缺的生产要素的产品。 要素价格均等化定理:即使生产要素不具备国际流动的条件,只要商品自由贸易得到充分的发展,那么各国同种生产要素的相对价格会趋于相等。同时,绝对价格也会趋于相等。要素密集度逆转:是指生产的某种商品,在劳动力相对丰富的国家中属于劳动密集型产品,但在资本相对丰富的国家中则属于资本密集型产品。 产业贸易理论:一国即出口又进口某种产业产品的贸易现象。具体主要指的是同一产业部门部的差异化产品的交换和中间产品的交流。按国际贸易标准分类至少前三位数相同的产品既出现在一国的进口项目中、又出现在该国的出口项目中。规模收益:当所有投入要素的使用量都按同样的比例增加时,这种增加会对总产量的影响。 规模收益是指涉及到厂商生产规模变化与产量变化之间的关系,如果生产规模的变化是由所有生产要素以相同比例扩大或减少而引起的,那么对应的产量变动就有三种情况:(1)如果产量增加的比率大于生产要素增加的比率,则生产处于规模收益递增阶段;(2)如果产量增加的比率等于生产要素增加的比率,则生产处于规模收益不变阶段;(3)如果产量增加的比率小于生产要素增加的比率,则生产处于规模收益递减阶段。 出口补贴:出口补贴又称出口津贴,是一国政府为了降低出口商品的价格,增加其在国际市场的竞争力,在出口某商品时给予出口商的现金补贴或财政上的优惠待遇。 进口配额:一国政府对一定时期进口的某些商品的数量或金额加以直接控制。在规定的期限,配额以的货物可以进口,超过配额不准进口,或征收较高关税后才能进口。简单而言,配额是对进口商品设置一定的限额,其目的与征收关税一样,为了限制进口,保护国工业。但与关税不同的是,进口配额是直接的数量控制而不是通过提高进口商品价格间接地减少进 口。 生产者剩余:生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 消费者剩余:消费者在购买一定数量的某种商品时愿意支付的总数量和实际支付的总数量之间的差额 幼稚产业:某种产业由于技术经验不足、劳动生产率低下、产品成本高于世界市场价格,因而无法与国外产业竞争,但在关税、补贴等保护措施下继续生产一段时间,经过一段时间的生产能够在自由贸易条件下获利,达到其他国家水平而自

国际经济学习题及参考答案

国际经济学作业 一、名词解释 幼稚产业:所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期,基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。 倾销:是指一国(地区)的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国(地区)市场的行为。 提供曲线:也称相互需求曲线,是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的,它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品,必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品,因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格,就是国际商品交换价格(交换比率)。 国际收支:国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易,不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系,还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。 二、简答题 试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析 答:出口贫困化增长,是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长,但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化,而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降,这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。

贸易条件变化前,该国生产均衡点为A,消费点为C;由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长,使得该国贸易条件恶化,此时,生产点变为A’,消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出,该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。 产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有:(1)该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重,这样,当其出口大幅度增加时,会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况,导致价格大幅下跌。(2)该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低,当产品价格降低时,需求是并不会相应大幅增长。(3)该国经济结构十分单一,依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展,因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口,而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。 试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况 答:这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一,它认为,某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品,而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品,如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品,而在美国则是资本密集型的产品,也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以,同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品,也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。 即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大,以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次,那么,可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。

《国际经济学(英文版)》选择题汇总版(附答案)

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版(附答案) Ch1-Ch3 1.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because A) the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources. B) the United States is a “Superpower.” C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. D) the United States invests in many other countries. E) many countries invest in the United States. 2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade, A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries. B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S. C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State. D) the U.S. may not impose export duties. E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii. 3. International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro. B) developed and less developed. C) monetary and barter. D) international trade and international money. E) static and dynamic. 4. International monetary analysis focuses on A) the real side of the international economy. B) the international trade side of the international economy. C) the international investment side of the international economy. D) the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks. E) the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange. 5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact that A)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade. B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods. C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products. D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the European Union. E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada. 6. The gravity model explains why A)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain. B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil. C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products. D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trade between neighboring

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