中考英语语篇翻译技巧和专题练习(习题含答案)
语篇翻译
语篇翻译
一、出题形式
1.以一篇短文的形式出现:
3个：英译汉
2个：汉译英
2.考纲要求
考查对中西文化差异的了解；
对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用；
对句子结构、语法知识的掌握
对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。
二、考查重点
1、各类重要句型结构（定语从句等）
2、搭配（动词短语，名词短语）、
3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、
4、主要语法规则及其运用等
5、简单的翻译技巧（省略、补充，词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等）。
三、解题指导
1.通读短文，了解大意。
2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态
3.调序、润色。
4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译
四、翻译技巧指导：（易错点、难点）
1.连词的翻译
and : 和、与
（1）Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.
露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省）
（2）Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.
（3）The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.
太阳是明亮的，和天空是干净的。(X)
（4）He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar. （5）However ,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly. （6）他不开心，不知道如何处理这件事。
注：解题策略
英语中连词用得多，汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时，有些连词可以省译。汉译英，要适当增加连词，成文连贯。如：
Though it isn’t like a tabl e, I like it very much.
虽然它看起来不像张桌子，但是我很喜欢它。（成对使用）
虽然那个梦想没有实现，但是现在他成功了
注：解题策略
英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、“so”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
2.定语从句的翻译
Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.
He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.
解题策略：
对于较短的定语从句，英译汉时，可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句
He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.
I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.
解题策略：
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时，可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives. （长句拆分）
3.it 句型的翻译
解题策略：
引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时，本身没有独立意义,可以省译。熟记it 句型：
It be + adj (for sb) to do sth.
It takes sb （some time) to do sth.
I find/think it +adj to do sth.
It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.
I think it hard for them to understand your joke
=
It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.
4.否定转移的翻译
I don’t think he can pass the exam.
我认为他不可能通过这次考试
I don't believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。
我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
解题策略：当主句部分是“I don’t think” ，“I don’t believe”，“I don’t suppose” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时，要注意。
我认为我们不该浪费时间
我相信他不会抽烟。
5被动语态的翻译
被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无“被”，一定认真分析主动还是被动。
熟记被动语态的各种时态：
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
一般将来词：
现在完成时：
情态动词的被动语态：
The blue sky is reflected（映衬）in the deep blue lake.
蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中（无“被”）
Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.（有“被”）我们学校是2011年建的。
6.汉译英存在的主要问题
（1）时态、语态不对。
（2）句子结构不完整：缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌
（3）中文式语序：时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前
（4）动词直接做主语、表语、宾语
（5）固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好
汉译英：诊断、改错
（1）他生于1955年，在山东的一个小村庄长大。
He born in 1955, in Shandong a small village grow up.
---->
（2）我非常喜欢看电视
I very like watch TV.
--->
（语序，搭配）
（3）玩太多的电游对你的眼睛有害
Play too much computer games is bad for your eyes.
---->
（4）最主要的事情是平衡好学业和兼职工作
The most important thing is balance shoolwork and part-time jobs. ---->
（5）每当我参加聚会，我的朋友就鼓励我唱歌。
When I take part in the party, my friends encourage me sing.
---->
湖南2017中考试题研究·英语
题库
英汉互译型
话题一介绍类
Passage 1
Let me tell you about my hometown. I live in Kinsale. It may be one of the smallest towns in Southern Ireland, but it is also the most famous one.
1. The fish restaurants are very wonderful and there are many good cooks here. They cook the best fish for the visitors.
2. 食物昂贵但是人们非常喜欢它。So you can see many people from different countries in every restaurant.
My town is very beautiful because it is by the sea. 3. In summer it is very cool and you can go swimming in the sea. There are three small shops and you can buy your friends many souvenirs there. 4. They are very cheap and you just need to pay a little money for them.
The people in my town are friendly. 5. 他们会和你交朋友。If you feel sick, there is a clinic (诊所) with a doctor and a nurse. I’m Andy. You can ask me for help when you have some trouble. I think you will enjoy the holiday.
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“我”的家乡金塞尔的一些情况。
1. 鱼餐厅非常棒并且这里有很多好的厨师。【解析】The fish restaurants鱼餐厅；and和，并且；there are为固定句型，表示“有”；cooks厨师。
2. The food is expensive but people enjoy/like it very much.【解析】昂贵expensive；但是but；喜欢enjoy/like。
3. 夏天它很凉爽，你可以在海里游泳。【解析】In summer在夏天；cool凉爽的；go swimming 游泳。
4. 它们非常便宜，你只需要为它们付很少的钱。【解析】cheap便宜的，廉价的；need需要；pay…for…为……支付……。
5. They can make friends with you.【解析】交朋友make friends，为固定短语。
Passage 2
How much does a boy weigh? I’m afraid no one could believe a 10-year-old boy can weigh up to 192kg. A 10-year-old Indonesian boy, Arya Permana is such a boy, who was call ed “the world’s fattest child”. Now he has been on diet according to the doctors’warning, because extreme obesity is threatening his life.
Arya is from a village in Indonesia. 1. His weight has left him unable to walk, making him unable to go to school. He has to wear a sarong(围裙) because his parents were no longer able to find clothes that fit him. 2. What’s more, he often suffers from shortness of breath, and can only sleep with his head against a wall to help him breath.
3. 他现在每天吃五餐。If not, he will suffer from hungry. But a doctor sai d Arya was “healthy” during a recent hospital check-up. Her mother was unable to get a clear answer about Arya’s weight.
4. However, she said there were “no problems” with her son’s health.
His mother said that Arya has been on diet for the first half of each day like many children at his age. 5. 他努力坚持节食直到他感觉胃疼。
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了世界上最胖的一个小孩，来自印度尼西亚的Arya Permana。由于身体太胖，母亲只能给他围一个围裙。尽管他很胖，但是医生说他的身体还是健康的，现在他正按照医生的要求进行节食。
1. 他的体重让他无法行走，让他不能去上学。【解析】weight体重，重量；(be) unable to 不
能，无法；make sb. + adj.使得某人……；go to school上学。
2. 另外，他经常遭受气短的折磨，【解析】What’s more另外，更多；often经常；suffer from 遭受，因……而蒙受损害；shortness of breath气短。
3. He now eats/has five meals every day.【解析】现在now；每天every day；吃eat/have；五餐five meals。
4. 然而，她说她儿子的健康“没有问题”。【解析】However然而，但是；there were为固定句型；no problems没问题；health健康。
5. He tries to keep on diet until/till he feels stomach pains.【解析】努力try to do;坚持节食keep on diet直到；until/till；胃疼stomach pains。
话题二学生学习与生活类
Passage 3 (2016福州改编)
What can you make with pieces of paper? Look at Chen Yiyan’s works! The 14-year-old has origami (折纸) talent at Hangzhou Entel Foreign Language School, Zhejiang. 1. 但是他并不是生而具有这种才能。
When Chen was a fourth-grader, he found his brother’s paper-folding book. It got him interested in origami. 2. Since then, he has read many books about origami and practices in his spare time. And he made his favorite work last year. It’s a paper dragon that involved (包含) almost 2000 steps.
Chen used to fold (折叠) paper himself until he met Chen Changnan, who also loves origami. 3. 去年他们成立了一个折纸俱乐部。With support from school, they host a paper-folding class every Wednesday afternoon. Now it has more than 20 members. 4. They show their works and teach students how to fold.
“It’s really e xciting to develop my hobby and share it with others at the same time.” said Chen, “5. I hope more and more people get to know origami and love this art.”
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一名14岁的学生拥有非凡的折纸才能。经过他的努力，他创作了许多作品，并和有着共同爱好的学生一起在学校创建了折纸俱乐部。1. But he wasn’t born with this talent.【解析】但是but；生而具有be born with；这种才能this talent。
2. 自从那时，他阅读了许多有关折纸的书，然后在空闲时间练习。【解析】Since then自从那时；read many books about origami读许多有关折纸的书；practices练习；in his spare time 在他空闲时间。
3. They set up a paper-folding club last year.【解析】去年last year；他们they；成立set up；一
个折纸俱乐部a paper-folding club。
4. 他们展示他们的作品，并且教学生们怎样折纸。【解析】show展示；their works他们的作品；how to fold怎样折纸，作teach的直接宾语。
5. 我希望越来越多的人了解折纸并且热爱这门艺术。【解析】本句是一个省略了that的宾语从句。I hope我希望；more and more people越来越多的人；get to know了解；this art这门艺术。
Passage 4
Most schools are going to start a program called B.Y.O.T.(bring your own technology). 1. 这个课程允许学生带平板电脑去学校。One aim of this program is that the students don’t need to carry textbooks any more. 2. The other is that they can get free educational subjects to play in their free time.
Schools have set up free Wi-Fi systems just for the B.Y.O.T. program.
3. 感谢老师们为成立这个课程付出的所有辛勤工作。I really think this program will go well in most schools and I also think the learning will be better than ever.
4. This program will let students have fun and learn at the same time. If you like your iPads and you like to read, schools are getting started with reading with iPads.
5. High schools and middle schools have already
started and so have some primary schools. But most elementary schools don’t come along! Let’s tell them: Hurry! Get ready to learn!
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了大多数学校成立的一个名叫B.Y.O.T.的课程的用途、目的以及教育意义。本文意在号召更多的小学学校加入到这个项目中来。
1. This program allows students to bring iPads to school.【解析】这个课程this program；允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.；带……去…… bring...to...。
2. 另一个（目的）是他们可以在他们空闲时间获得可以玩的免费的教育科目。【解析】本句是一个that引导的表语从句。The other另一个；get获得；free免费的；educational subjects 教育科目；to play 作后置定语修饰subjects；in their free time在他们的空闲时间。
3. Thank teachers for all their hard work to set up this program.【解析】本句考查固定句型。为某事感谢某人thank sb. for sth.；老师teacher；成立set up；这个课程this program；辛勤工作hard work。
4. 这个课程会让学生在学习的同时玩得开心。【解析】本句中and连接两个并列成分。let sb. do sth.让某人做某事；have fun玩得开心；learn学习；at the same time与此同时。
5. 高中和初中已经开始了（这个课程），一些小学也开始了。【解析】本句中and连接两个并列句，且第二个句子为so引导的倒装句。High schools高中；middle schools初中；already 已经；started开始；some primary schools一些小学。
话题三咨询建议类
Passage 5
What can you do when people hurt you? 1. You may be angry or even fight with them. But it’s not a good idea. 2. 最好的方式是和他们交朋友。
3. Although it is not easy for you to get on well with the people who hurt you. “Forgiveness makes you hopeful. And it is good for your health,” says Fredric, Ph. D. the writer of the book called Forgive for Good.
But how can you forgive others?
First, think of something nice to make you happy. 4. Don’t wait for other people to say sorry to you. If a person hurts you, he or she won’t say sorry to you. They may just want to hurt you or they just don’t see things in the same way.
Second, try to see things in others’ shoes. 5. 例如，你可以给自己写一封信。That can make you understand others better and make yourself happier.
At last, don’t forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving
themselves is the biggest challenge. And it also makes you more confident.
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了原谅那些伤害自己的人的建议，比如：想一些好的事情让自己开心、不要等着别人给你说抱歉、站在别人的立场上看待事情以及不要忘记原谅自己。
1. 你或许会生气或者甚至与他们打架。【解析】angry生气；even甚至；fight with sb. 与某人打架。
2. The best way is to make friends with them.【解析】最好的方式the best way；与某人交朋友make friends with sb.。
3. 尽管对你来说，和伤害你的人友好相处是不容易的。【解析】本句中Although引导让步状语从句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，who引导定语从句。easy 容易的；get on well with sb.与某人友好相处。
4. 不要等待别人来和你说抱歉。【解析】本句是一个祈使句。wait for sb.等待某人；other其他的；say sorry to sb. 跟某人说抱歉。
5. For example, you can write a letter to yourself.【解析】例如for example；给某人写一封信write a letter to sb.；你自己yourself。
话题四观点看法类
Passage 6
To many students, joining social media (社交媒体) is more important than making new friends in real life.
“I love checking my friends’ updates (更新).1.我也喜欢在社交媒体上分享新闻。” said Wu Wei, 14, from Hongling Middle School in Shenzhen. 2. Because of enjoying these, Wu keep himself away from real life.
Deng Yunyun, 14, from Jianfeng Middle School in Shanghai, said that social media had influenced their life. 3. Recently his school held a basketball match, and a student hurt his leg. Instead of giving him some help, students were busy updating micro blogs about the accident. They wanted to tell the news to their friends online as soon as possible.
4. What makes parents and teachers worried is safety. “Many students are happy to tell their interests and personal information to their social media ‘friends’.
5. 这样的信息会给他们带来危险。” said Han Songjun, a teacher at Hongling Middle School.
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章就现在人沉迷网络发表了一些看法。
1. I also enjoy/like sharing news on social media.【解析】喜欢enjoy/like；社交媒体social media；分享share；新闻news。
2. 因为喜欢这些，吴将他自己远离现实生活。【解析】Because of因为；keep away from远离；himself 他自己；real life现实生活。
3. 最近他的学校举行篮球比赛，一个学生伤了他的腿。【解析】recently不久前，最近；hold 举行；basketball match篮球比赛；hurt受伤。
4. 让父母和老师担心的是安全（问题）。【解析】What makes parents and teachers worried是主语从句；safety安全。
5. Such information could bring them danger.【解析】这样such；信息information；带来bring；危险danger。
2016中考英语语篇翻译题型专练一
Week One Class________ Name________ Score________ Sunday 阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。（共5小题，计10分） Months ago, 1. 梁博还是个在大学学音乐的学生。Now he becomes “the V oice of China”. The lucky young man is the winner of the Voice of China, the most popular TV show of last summer. People think Liang Bo’s voice is natural, c lear and touching. The 22-year-old boy was born in Changchun, Jilin. 2. 像很多其他年轻中国人一样，通过弹吉他，他爱上了音乐。Liang Bo got his first guitar as a birthday gift when he was in middle school. 3. 他日夜练习。“4. I can’t live without my guitar.” He said. Many people think Liang Bo is just like famous Chinese rock singers such as Xu Wei, Wang Feng and Zheng Jun. 5. But the young man doesn’t want to stand in others’ shadows (影子). “I like them, but I’m not going to copy (复制) them. I will be who I am.” He said. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________ Monday 阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。（共5小题，计10分） Skin-diving (潜水) is a new sport today. This sport takes you into a wonderful new world. It is like a visit to the moon! When you are under water, 1. it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because you are no longer heavy. Here, under water, everything is blue and green. 2. 在白天，有足够的光线。When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. 3. When you have tanks (箱) of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. But you must be careful when you dive in deep water. 4. 捉鱼是这项运动最有趣的部分之一。Besides, there are many other uses of skin-diving. 5. You can clean ships without taking them out of the water. You can also get many things from the deep sea. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________
最新中考英语阅读理解练习(带答案解析及全文翻译)
中考英语阅读理解训练 1 2 1 3 We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can 4 be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds 5 of them. 6 No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide that she loves you. She? Yes, she. It’s true that male mosquito doesn’t bite(咬) and 7 8 only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She 9 is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she w ill 10 11 turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites 12 you, just remember you are chosen. You’re different from the others! 13 If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you 14 know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything 15 different. After she bites, you will have an itch(痒) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time 16 17 the itching begins, and she has flown away. 18 And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, 19 20 on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs. And then 21 what happens? 22 23 1. “Mosquito” means _______ in Chinese. 24 A. 苍蝇 B. 蜻蜓 C. 跳蚤 D. 蚊子
初中英语翻译题解题技巧总汇
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中考句型翻译练习 as soon as 1. 一收到他的来信我就会给你打电话。I will call you __________ I hear from him. 2.Mary一见到她弟弟就会告诉他这个消息。 Mary will tell his brother the news ______________________ she sees him. 3.昨天雨一停孩子们就回家了。 The children went home _______________________________________ yesterday. as...as/ not as...as 4. 麦克和安迪学习一样的努力。Mike studies ________________________ Andy. 5.“一夜成名”不像我们想得那么容易。 : An overnight success is ________________ we think. 6. 北京的春天与夏天一样美丽。 Spring is ____________________________________________ summer in Beijing. as...as possible 7. 在体育测试中，我尽力了。 _________________________________possible in the PE test. 8. 我会在考前最后一个月尽力多读英语。 I’ll try hard to read English ______________________________ in the last month. 9. 玛丽会尽快给你回信的。 * Mary will answer your letter ______________________________. ask for/ ask sb. for sth. 10.当你迷路时，你可以向警察寻求帮助。 You can ______________________________ when you are lost. 11.他每个月都跟妈妈要50元。 He ___________________________________________ every month. 12.他向父母要一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 He __________________________________________as his birthday gift. ask sb. to do / ask sb. not to do 13.】 14.老师要求我们离开教室前要关灯。 The teacher ________________________________ before we leave the classroom. 15.不要让我帮你的忙！你必须要你自己。 Don’t _________________________ help you. You must ____________________. 16.妈妈让我们睡觉前不吃东西。 My mother __________________________________________ before we go to bed. tell sb. to do/ tell sb. not to do 17.让我告诉你如何发送电子邮件。Let me ________________________ e-mails. 18.你能告诉我如何提高我的英语吗
2016年中考英语《句子翻译》解题策略
句子翻译 句子翻译或完成句子题是近几年来新设的中考考题，考查的重点为英语语言知识的综合运用，着重考查学生运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决实际问题的能力。 【题型特点】 近年来各地中考完成句子或句子翻译题型主要有:“将所给英语句子翻泽成汉语”“根据汉语提示完成句子，即括号中所给的词或短语汉译英’“根据汉语和首字母提示完成句子”“用所给词或词语完成句子’“句子翻译，根据中文意思完成句子’等等。 题型1(荆州中考)根据汉语提示，用句末括号内所给的英语单词完成句子。 1.我不会去参加这个聚会，除非受到遨请。 I won't go to the party__________ .(invite) 2.请告诉我事故是什么时候发生的好吗? Could you tell me_________ ?(happen) 3.为什么不让孩子去他们想去的地方呢? _________the children，where they want?(why) 4.我不知道明天他会不会准时今加会议。 _______ he'll come to the meeting on time tomorrow. (wonder) 5. 他和找都不喜欢唱歌跳舞。 _________he_________ I __________ interested insinging and dancing.(be ) 【解题技巧】 1.根据前面的句子I won't go to theparty可知本句是将来时，再由后面的中文句子“除非”，其对应的英语词汇是" unless"，由此可知本句的时态是一般现在时，再“受到邀请”可知句子是被动语态。故答案为unless I am invited. 2.仔细研读中文句子可知本句翻译成英语时内含宾语从句，因此翻译时就要注意宾语从句的语序，同时根据句意可知宾语从句的时态是一般过去时。故答案为when the accident happened. 3.由题意中的“为什么不”可知这是一固定短语。因此记住且会用这个短语就能正确翻译这个句子。答案为Why not let. 4.由中文意思可知句子里面有宾语从句，且要用if或whethe:引导。故答案为I wonder if/whether.
2018年中考英语热点专题突破训练语篇翻译
语篇翻译 （一）（2017年怀化中考） Jeff Keith has only one leg．With a plastic leg，Jeff could skate,ride a bicycle,swim and play soccer．1.他也能跑。Jeff made a plan with his friends who had plastic legs,too. They decided to run across America．2.That was difficult for them．But they wanted to challenge themselves． Jeff Keith ran across the United States from the east to the west when he was twenty-two．He started running in Boston．3．Seven months later, he stopped running in Los Angeles． Jeff is disabled,4.但是他能做很多事情。He is studying to be a lawyer(律师) now.Jeff says，“People can do anything they want to do．5.I ran not only for disabled people,but for everybody.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. （二）（2017年岳阳中考） Jim Green has been in China for 2 years．He has been to many interesting places by high-speed railway．Last week,he went to Shanghai with his family．They booked(订购) tickets on the Internet．Though many people liked travelling by plane，1.the Greens thought travelling by high-speed railway was safer,cheaper and more convenient. The cars(车厢) of high-speed railway were clean and tidy．2.车厢里人不多。The Greens talked with other passengers，read books and saw films on the computer．They watched beautiful views out of the window along the way．Before lunch，the Greens walked around．3．Then they went to the dining car to have some delicious food．They