审计报告英文
2023年英文审计报告
2023年英文审计报告English:In the 2023 audit report, we have conducted a comprehensive examination of the financial statements of the company for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our audit was performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. We also assessed the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion that the financial statements are free from material misstatement and fairly present the financial position of the company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).中文翻译:在2023年审计报告中，我们对截至2023年12月31日的公司财务报表进行了全面审查。
保留意见的审计报告 英文版
保留意见的审计报告英文版Audit Report with Reserved Opinions。
Introduction。
This audit report presents the findings and conclusions of the audit conducted on the financial statements of XYZ Company for the year ended December 31, 20XX. The audit was performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards to provide an independent assessment of the company's financial position and performance.Audit Scope。
The audit scope included a review of the company's financial statements, internal controls, compliance with laws and regulations, and other relevant information. The audit was conducted by a team of experienced auditors who followed a systematic approach to gather evidence and assess the company's financial reporting practices.Audit Findings。
During the audit, we identified certain issues that led to the expression of reserved opinions on the financial statements. These issues are summarized below:1. Revenue Recognition: The company's revenue recognition policies were not consistently applied, leading to uncertainties in the recognition of revenue from certain contracts. This has the potential to impact the accuracy of the financial statements.2. Inventory Valuation: The valuation of inventory was not adequately supported by sufficient evidence, raising concerns about the accuracy of the reported inventory balances. This could affect the company's profitability and financial position.3. Internal Controls: Weaknesses were identified in the company's internal control environment, particularly in the areas of segregation of duties and monitoring of financial transactions. These deficiencies increase the risk of errors and fraud going undetected.4. Related Party Transactions: The company engaged in transactions with related parties that were not adequately disclosed in the financial statements. This lack of transparency raises questions about the integrity of the financial reporting process.Conclusion。
会计师事务所 英文审计报告
会计师事务所英文审计报告（中英文版）Audit Report by Accounting FirmThe audit report prepared by our esteemed accounting firm is a comprehensive evaluation of the financial statements for the fiscal year ended.It is our professional opinion that the financial records present a true and fair view of the company"s financial performance and position.会计师事务所英文审计报告本所尊贵的会计师事务所编制的审计报告对截至财务年度末的财务报表进行了全面评估。
我们专业认为，这些财务记录真实公允地反映了公司的财务业绩与财务状况。
Methodology and FindingsOur audit was conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, employing a risk-based approach.We found the internal controls to be effective, with no material misstatements detected in the financial statements.方法和发现本次审计是根据普遍接受的审计标准进行的，采用了风险导向的方法。
我们发现内部控制有效，财务报表中没有发现重大错报。
Opinions and RecommendationsBased on our examination, it is our opinion that the financial statements are free from material misstatement.However, we recommendthe company to enhance its inventory management system to mitigate the risk of potential fraud.意见与建议根据我们的审查，我们认为财务报表在重大方面没有错报。
审计、财务常用英文词汇
审计类财会英语审计、财务常用英文词汇审计报告: Audit report资产负债表：Balance Sheet损益表：Income statement利润分配表：Profit distribution statement<中国注册会计师独立审计准则>：the Independent Auditing Standard for Chinese Certified Public Accountants会计报表：Financial statement在抽查的基础上：on a test basis主任会计师或授权副主任会计师：Chief Accountant or Authorized Assistant Chief Accountant中国注册会计师：Chinese Certified Public Accountant无钢印无效：shall not be valid without bearing the embossing seal年初数，年末数：Opening amounting\ closing amounting资产负债表：Balance sheet流动资产：Current assets货币资金：Cash短期、长期投资：Short-term、long-term investment应收票据：Notes receivable应收账款：Account receivable坏账准备：Less: provision for bad debt应收账款净额：Net value of account receivable预付账款：Advance to supplier应收出口退税：Receivable drawback for export应收补贴款： Receivable subsidy其他应收款：Other receivable存货：Inventories待转其他业务支出：Other business expense to be transferred 待摊费用：Prepaid expense待处理流动资产净损失：Net loss of current assets to be settled 一年内到期的长期债券投资：Long-term bonds investment due in 1 year其他流动资产：Other current assets流动资产合计：Total current assets固定资产：fixed assets固定资产原价：Original value of fixed assets累计折旧：accumulated depreciation固定资产净值：Net value of fixed assets固定资产清理：Disposal of fixed assets在建工程：Construction in process待处理固定资产净损失：Net loss of fixed assets to be settled固定资产合计：Total fixed assets无形资产及递延资产：Intangible assets & deferred assets递延税项目：Deferred tax负债及所有者权益：Liabilities & owner’s equity流动负债：current liabilities短期/长期借款：Short-term/long-term loan应付票据：Notes payable预收账款：Advance from clients其他应付款：Other payable应付工资：Accrued payroll应付福利费：Welfare payable应交税金/应付利润：Tax/ Profits payable其他应交款：Unpaid others预提费用：Accrued expense一年内到期的长期负债：Long-term liabilities due in 1 year应付债券：Bonds payable长期应付款：Long-term payable实收资本：Paid-in capital资本公积：Capital accumulation盈余公积：Surplus accumulation其中：公益金：Including; commonweal funds本年利润：Profits of current year未分配利润：Undistributed profits损益表/利润表：Income statement产品（商品）销售收入：Revenue of sales of products (commodities)出口产品销售收入：sales income of export products销售折扣与折让：Discount& transfer of sales产品销售净额；Net value of sales of products产品销售税金/成本：sales tax/cost of products出口产品销售成本：Sales cost of export products销售费用（经营费用）：Sales expense (operation expense)产品销售利润：Sales profits of products加：其他业务利润：Add: other business profits营业/管理/财务费用；operation/overhead / finance expense利息支出（减利息收入）：Interest expense (Less: interest income)汇兑损失（减汇兑收益）：Exchange loss(exchange income)营业利润：Operation profits投资收益；Return on investment主营业务收入：Revenue of main business主营业务成本：cost of main business主营业务税金及附加：Tax & surtax of main business营业外收入/支出：Non-operation income /expense投资收益：return on business补贴收入：subsidy income以前年度损益调整：Adjustment for profits & loss of previous year所得税：income tax利润分配表：Profits Distribution Statement法定盈余公积：legal surplus accumulation法定公益金：Legal commonweal funds年初/末未分配利润： Undistributed profits of opening / closing year已弥补亏损：Loss being made up可供所有者分配的利润：Profits distributable to owner已分配股利：Distributed dividends其他转入：other transferred in提取法定公益金：Retained legal commonweal funds提取职工奖励及福利基金：Retained employee’s bonus & welfare funds提取储备基金：retained reversed funds提取企业发展基金：retained enterprise development funds利润归还投资：Retained profits into investor应付优先股/普通股股利：Dividends payable to preference / common stock提取任意盈余基金：Retained random surplus accumulation转作资本的普通股股利：Dividends of common stock transferred into capitall 附注：annotation to *《企业法人营业执照》：Business License for Legal Person经营期限：operation period投产：begin to produce采用的会计政策：Accounting policies implemented《企业会计准则》：Accounting Standard for Enterprises《工业企业会计制度》：Accounting System for Industrial Enterprise会计期间：Fiscal year记账原则和计价基础：Accounting principle and valuation basis 会计核算；Accounting records以权责发生制为原则；base on accrual-basis principle以历史成本为计价基础：be valued at one’s historical cost坏账：bad debt直接转销法：direct amortized method存货核算方法：Accounting method of inventories存货的够入与入库：inventories at purchasing and inventories to warehouse使用年限：service life固定资产折旧：Depreciation of fixed assets采用直线法平均计算：Be calculated using average service life method预计使用年限：anticipated service life预计净残值：anticipated net residual value使用年限：actual useful life专用生产设备：production machinery equipment收入实现条件：Recognition of revenue订单法：order method增值税：value added tax (VAT)现金：cash on hand银行存款：Bank deposit账龄：account-age期末余额：closing balance产成品：finished products实收资本: Paid-in capital本年实际：Actual amount of current year办公费； office expenses差旅费：traveling expenses电话费: telephone charge水电费：water and electricity charge金融机构手续费：Handling change of finance authority出资额：investment amount档案查询专用章：Special Seal for Archive Inquiry工商行政管理局：Administration for Industry and Commerce套印无效：Overprint shall be ineffective主管：authoritative organ原审批单位：the original examine and approve authority会计报表审计 Auditing Financial statements资本验证 Capital verification企业财务会计制度设计Setting up financial systems for enterprises exchange business代理记帐 Bookkeeping services外汇年检专项审计 Special audit and annual auditing of foreign exchange business企业合并、分立、清算审计Auditing transactions such as enterprises’ merger、split and liquidation投资可行性研究 Feasibility analysis for investment project百阳英语学院整理。
英文版公司审计报告
英文版公司审计报告Title: Company Audit ReportThis comprehensive audit report aims to provide a detailed analysis of the financial statements, internal controls, and operational efficiency of the company. The audit was conducted in accordance with internationally recognized auditing standards and guidelines to ensure accuracy, reliability, and transparency of the reported information.$$I. Introduction$$The audit was initiated to evaluate the company's financial position, performance, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The audit team comprised qualified auditors with extensive experience in the industry, ensuring a thorough and unbiased assessment.**II. Audit Scope and Objectives**The audit scope encompassed the financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement, and related notes. The objectives were to assess the fairness, accuracy, and completeness of the financialstatements, evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls, and identify any potential risks or issues that may affect the company's financial health.**III. Financial Statement Audit**The audit team conducted a detailed review of the financial statements, comparing them with supporting documents and records. The audit focused on revenue recognition, cost allocation, asset valuation, andliability accounting. The team also examined the company's accounting policies and procedures to ensure compliancewith accounting standards.Overall, the financial statements were found to be fair, accurate, and complete, reflecting the company's financial position and performance. However, the audit identified a few minor inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the recording of certain transactions, which were promptly rectified by the company.**IV. Internal Control Audit**The audit team evaluated the effectiveness of the company's internal controls, including financial reporting,risk management, and compliance with policies and procedures. The audit focused on the design and implementation of controls, as well as their operating effectiveness.The audit revealed that the company has established robust internal controls, which are generally effective in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting. However, the team identified a few areas for improvement, such as enhancing the segregation of duties and improving the monitoring of financial transactions. The company has been advised to address these issues to further strengthen its internal controls.**V. Operational Efficiency Audit**The audit team also assessed the operational efficiency of the company, examining its processes, systems, and resources. The audit aimed to identify any inefficiencies or bottlenecks that may hinder the company's performance. The audit found that the company has well-established operational processes and systems that support its business activities. However, there are opportunities for improvement in terms of optimizing resource utilization andenhancing the efficiency of certain processes. The audit team has provided recommendations to the company for implementing these improvements.**VI. Compliance Audit**The audit team also examined the company's compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards. This included a review of the company's tax filings, labor practices, and environmental policies.The audit concluded that the company has generally adhered to the required standards and regulations. However, the team identified a few areas where the company could further enhance its compliance efforts, such as improving its documentation and reporting procedures.**VII. Conclusion**Overall, the audit report provides a positive assessment of the company's financial health, internal controls, and operational efficiency. While some minor issues and areas for improvement were identified, the company has demonstrated a commitment to addressing these issues and enhancing its overall performance.The audit team recommends that the company continue to strengthen its internal controls, optimize its operational processes, and enhance its compliance efforts to maintain its financial stability and competitiveness in the market. It is important to note that this audit report represents a snapshot of the company's financial and operational status at a specific point in time. Continuous monitoring and periodic audits are essential to ensure that the company maintains its financial integrity and operational efficiency over time.。
审计报告 英文
审计报告英文An audit report is a document that provides an opinion on the financial statements of a company. It is prepared by an independent auditor who examines the financial records and transactions of the company to ensure their accuracy and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. The audit report is an important tool for stakeholders, such as investors, creditors, and regulators, to assess the financial health and performance of the company.The audit report typically includes the following components:1. Introductory section: This section provides an overview of the audit process, the responsibilities of the auditor, and the scope of the audit. It also includes a statement of the auditor's independence and a description of the basis for the audit opinion.2. Management's responsibility section: This section outlines the responsibilities of the company's management for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.3. Auditor's opinion section: This is the most important part of the audit report. It presents the auditor's opinion on whether the financial statements present a true and fair view of the company's financial position and performance. The opinion may be unqualified, qualified, adverse, or a disclaimer of opinion, depending on the findings of the audit.4. Basis for opinion section: This section provides details of the audit procedures performed, the evidence obtained, and the basis for the auditor's opinion. It also includes any significant findings or issues identified during the audit.5. Other reporting responsibilities section: This section includes any additional information required by the applicable financial reporting framework or relevant laws and regulations, such as the auditor's responsibility for detecting fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations.In conclusion, the audit report is a critical document that provides assurance on the reliability of a company's financial statements. It helps stakeholders make informed decisions and enhances the credibility and transparency of the financial reporting process. As such, it is important for the audit report to be prepared with the highest level of professionalism, accuracy, and integrity. The auditor should adhere to the relevant auditing standards and ethical principles to ensure the quality and reliability of the audit report. Ultimately, a well-prepared audit report contributes to the overall trust and confidence in the financial markets and the economy as a whole.。
审计英语词汇汇总
注册会计师考试《审计》中用到的128个英文单词1.audit 审计2.attestation 鉴证3.credibility 可信赖程度4.audit of financial statements 财务报表审计5.agreed-upon procedures 执行商定程序6.high levels of assurance 高水平保证pilation 编制8.reliability 可靠性9.relevance 相关性10.professional skepticism 职业谨慎11.objectivity 客观性12. professional competence 专业胜任能力13.Senior/CPA-in-charge 项目经理14.audit engagement letter 业务约定书15.recurring audit 连续审计16.the client 委托人17.change CPA更换注册会计师18.the existing CPA 现任注册会计师19.the successor CPA 后任注册会计师20.the preceding CPA前任注册会计师21.issue the audit report 出具审计报告22.expert 专家23.the board of directors 董事会24.knowledge of the entity‘ s business 了解被审计单位情况25.assess material misstatement risks评估重大错报风险26.detemine the nature，timing and extent of the audit procedures 确定审计程序的性质、时间和范围27.a general knowledge of ——初步了解―――的情况28.a more knowledge of——进一步了解的情况29.the prior year‘s working papers 以前年度工作底稿30.minutes of meeting 会议纪要31.business risks 经营风险32.appropriateness适当性33.accounting estimate 会计估计34.management representations 管理层声明35.going concern assumption 持续经营假设36.audit plan 审计计划37.significant audit areas 重点审计领域38.error 错误39.fraud舞弊40.modified or additional procedures 修改或追加审计程序41.misappropriation of assets 侵占资产42.transactions without substance 虚假交易43.unusual pressures 异常压力44.the suspected noncompliance 涉嫌存在违法行为45.materialiy 重要性46.exceed the materiality level 超过重要性水平47.approach the materiality level 接近重要性水平48.an acceptably low level 可接受水平49.the overall financial statement level and in relatedaccount balances and transaction levels 财务报表层和相关账户、交易层50.misstatements or omissions 错报或漏报51.aggregate 总计52.subsequent events 期后事项53.adjust the financial statements 调整财务报表54.perform additional audit procedures 实施追加的审计程序55.audit risk 审计风险56.detection risk 检查风险57.inappropriate audit opinion 不适当的审计意见58.material misstatement 重大的错报59.tolerable misstatement 可容忍错报60.the acceptable level of detection risk 可接受的检查风险61.assessed level of material misstatement risk 重大错报风险的评估水平62.simall business 小规模企业63.accounting system 会计系统64.test of control 控制测试65.walk-through test 穿行测试munication 沟通67.flow chart 流程图68.reperformance of internal control 重新执行69.audit evidence 审计证据70.substantive procedures 实质性程序71.assertions 认定72.esistence 存在73.occurrence 发生pleteness 完整性75.rights and obligations 权利和义务76.valuation and allocation 计价和分摊77.cutoff 截止78.accuracy 准确性79.classification 分类80.inspection 检查81.supervision of counting 监盘82.observation 观察83.confirmation 函证putation 计算85.analytical procedures 分析程序86.vouch 核对87.trace 追查88.audit sampling 审计抽样89.error 误差90.expected error 预期误差91.population 总体92.sampling risk 抽样风险93.non- sampling risk 非抽样风险94.sampling unit 抽样单位95.statistical sampling 统计抽样96.tolerable error 可容忍误差97.the risk of under reliance 信赖不足风险98.the risk of over reliance 信赖过度风险99.the risk of incorrect rejection 误拒风险100. the risk of incorrect acceptance 误受风险101.working trial balance 试算平衡表102.index and cross-referencing 索引和交叉索引103.cash receipt 现金收入104.cash disbursement现金支出105.bank statement 银行对账单106.bank reconciliation 银行存款余额调节表107.balance sheet date 资产负债表日 realizable value 可变现净值109.storeroom 仓库110.sale invoice 销售发票111.price list 价目表112.positive confirmation request 积极式询证函113.negative confirmation request消极式询证函114.purchase requisition 请购单115.receiving report 验收报告116.gross margin 毛利117.manufacturing overhead 制造费用118.material requisition 领料单119.inventory-taking 存货盘点120.bond certificate 债券121.stock certificate 股票122.audit report 审计报告123.entity 被审计单位124.addressee of the audit report 审计报告的收件人125.unqualified opinion 无保留意见126.qualified opinion 保留意见127.disclaimer of opinion 无法表示意见128.adverse opinion否定意见ACCA2.6<审计与内部控制 Audit and Internal Review>词汇表（372词）序号英语汉语1 ability to perform the work 能力履行工作2 acceptance procedures 承兑程序过程3 accountability 经管责任,问责性4 accounting estimate 会计估计5 accounts receivable listing 应收帐款挂牌6 accounts receivable 应收账款7 accruals listing 应计项目挂牌8 accruals 应计项目9 accuracy 准确性10 adverse opinion 否定意见11 aged analysis 年老的分析（法,学）研究12 agents 代理人13 agreed-upon procedures 约定审查业务14 analysis of errors 错误的分析（法,学）研究15 anomalous error 反常的错误16 appointment ethics 任命伦理学17 appointment 任命18 associated firms 联合的坚挺19 association of chartered certified accounts（ACCA）特计的证（经执业的结社（ACCA）20 assurance engagement 保证债务21 assurance 保证22 audit 审计,审核,核数23 audit acceptance 审计承兑24 audit approach 审计靠近25 audit committee 审计委员会,审计小组26 ahudit engagement 审计业务约定书27 audit evaluation 审计评价28 audit evidence 审计证据29 audit plan 审计计划30 audit program 审计程序31 audit report as a means of communication 审计报告如一个通讯方法32 audit report 审计报告33 audit risk 审计风险34 audit sampling 审计抽样35 audit staffing 审计工作人员36 audit timing 审计定时37 audit trail 审计线索38 auditing standards 审计准则39 auditors duty of care 审计（查帐）员的抚养责任40 auditors report 审计报告41 authority attached to ISAs 代理权附上到国际砂糖协定42 automated working papers 自动化了工作文件43 bad debts 坏账44 bank 银行45 bank reconciliation 银行对账单,余额调节表46 beneficial interests 受益权47 best value 最好的价值48 business risk 经营风险49 cadbury committee cadbury 委员会50 cash count 现金盘点51 cash system 兑现系统52 changes in nature of engagement 改变债务的性质上53 charges and commitments 费用和评论54 charities 宽大55 tom walls tom 墙壁56 chronology of an audit 一审计的年代表57 CIS application controls CIS 申请控制58 CIS environments stand-alone microcomputers CIS环境单机微型计算器59 client screening 委托人甄别60 closely connected 接近地连接61 clubs 俱乐部62 communications between auditors and management 通讯在审计（查帐）员和经营之间63 communications on internal control 内部控制上的通讯64 companies act 公司法65 comparative financial statements 比较财务报表66 comparatives 比较的67 competence 能力68 compilation engagement 编辑债务69 completeness 完整性70 completion of the audit 审计的结束71 compliance with accounting regulations 符合～的作法会计规则72 computers assisted audit techniques （CAATs）计算器援助的审计技术（CAATs）73 confidence 信任74 confidentiality 保密性75 confirmation of accounts receivable 应收帐款的查证76 conflict of interest 利益冲突77 constructive obligation 建设的待付款78 contingent asset 或有资产79 contingent liability 或有负债80 control environment 控制环境81 control procedures 控制程序82 control risk 控制风险83 controversy 论战84 corporate governance 公司治理,公司管制85 corresponding figures 相应的计算86 cost of conversion 转换成本,加工成本87 cost 成本88 courtesy 优待89 creditors 债权人90 current audit files 本期审计档案91 database management system （DBMS）数据库管理制度（数据管理系统 92 date of report 报告的日期93 depreciation 折旧,贬值94 design of the sample 样品的设计95 detection risk 检查风险96 direct verification approach 直接核查法97 directional testing 方向的抽查98 directors emoluments 董事酬金99 directors serve contracts 董事服务合约100 disagreement with management 与经营的不一致101 disclaimer of opinion 拒绝表示意见102 distributions 分销,分派103 documentation of understanding and assessment of control risk 控制风险的协商和评定的文件编集104 documenting the audit process 证明审计程序105 due care 应有关注106 due skill and care 到期的技能和谨慎107 economy 经济108 education 教育109 effectiveness 效用,效果110 efficiency 效益,效率111 eligibility / ineligibility 合格 / 无被选资格112 emphasis of matter 物质的强调113 engagement economics 债务经济学114 engagement letter 业务约定书115 error 差错116 evaluating of results of audit procedures 审计手序的结果评估117 examinations 检查118 existence 存在性119 expectations 期望差距120 expected error 预期的错误121 experience 经验122 expert 专家123 external audit 独立审计124 external review reports 外部的评论报告125 fair 公正126 fee negotiation 费谈判127 final assessment of control risk 控制风险的确定评定128 final audit 期末审计129 financial statement assertions 财政报告宣称130 financial 财务131 finished goods 产成品132 flowcharts 流程图133 fraud and error 舞弊134 fraud 欺诈135 fundamental principles 基本原理136 general CIS controls 一般的 CIS 控制137 general reports to mangement 对（牛犬等的）疥癣的一般报告138 going concern assumption 持续经营假设139 going concern 持续经营140 goods on sale or return 货物准许退货买卖141 goodwill 商誉142 governance 统治143 greenbury committee greenbury 委员会144 guidance for internal auditors 指导为内部审计员145 hampel committee hampel 委员会146 haphazard selection 随意选择147 hospitality 款待148 human resources 人力资源149 IAPS 1000 inter-bank confirmation procedures IAPS 1000 在中间- 银行查证程序过程150 IAPS 1001 CIS environments-stand-alone microcomputers IAPS 1001 CIS 环境-单机微型计算器151 IAPS 1002 CIS environments-on-line computer systems IAPS 1002 CIS 环境-（与主机）联机计算器系统152 IAPS 1003 CIS environments-database systems IAPS 1003 CIS 环境- 数据库系统153 IAPS 1005 the special considerations in the audit of small entities 在小的个体审计中的 IAPS 1005 特别的考虑154 IAS 2 inventories 信息家电 2 库存155 IAS 10 events after the balance sheet date 在平衡 sheeet 日期後面的信息家电 10 事件156 IFACs code of ethics for professional accountants I FACs 道德准则为职业会计师157 income tax 所得税158 incoming auditors 收入审计（查帐）员159 independent estimate 独立的估计160 ineligible for appointment 无被选资格的为任命161 information technology 信息技术162 inherent risk 固有风险163 initial communication 签署通讯164 insurance 保险165 intangibles 无形166 integrity 完整性167 interim audit 中期审计168 internal auditing 内部审计169 internal auditors 内部审计师170 internal control evaluation questionnaires （ICEQs）内部控制评价调查表171 internal control questionnaires （ICQs）内部控制调查表172 internal control system 内部控制系统173 internal review assignment 内部的评论转让174 international audit and assurance standards board （IAASB）国际的审计和保证标准登船（IAASB）175 international auditing practice statements （IAPSs）国际的审计实务声明（IAPSs）176 international federation of accountants （IFAC）国际会计师联合会（IFAC）177 inventory system 盘存制度178 inventory valuation 存货估价179 ISA 230 documentation 文件编制180 ISA 240 fraud and error 国际砂糖协定 240 欺诈和错误181 ISA 250 consideration of law and regulations 法和规则的国际砂糖协定 250 考虑182 Isa 260 communications of audit matters with thosecharge governance 审计物质的国际砂糖协定 260 通讯由于那些索价统治183 isa 300 planning isa 300 计划编制184 isa 310 knowledge of the business 企业的 isa 310 知识185 isa 320 audit materiality 审计重要性186 isa 400 accounting and internal control isa 400 会计和内部控制187 isa 402 audit considerations relating to entities usingservice organisations 与正在使用的个体有关的 isa 402个审计考虑服务组织188 isa 500 audit evidence 审计证据189 isa 501 audit evidence-additional considerations for specific items isa 501个审计证据- 补偿为特殊条款190 isa 510 external confirmations isa 510个外部的查证191 isa 520 analytical procedures 分析性程序192 isa 530 audit sampling 审计抽样193 isa 540 audit of accounting estimates 解释估计的 isa 540 审计194 isa 560 subsequent events 期后事项195 isa 580 management representations 管理当局声明书196 isa 610 considering the work of internal auditing isa 610 以内部审计的工作看来197 isa 620 using the work of an expert isa 620 使用专家的工作198 isa 700 auditors report on financial statements 财务报表上的 isa 700 审计（查帐）员的报告199 isa 710 comparatives isa 710个比较的200 isa 720 other information in documents containing audited financial statements isa 720 证券包含 audited 财务报表的其他信息201 isa 910 engagement to review financial statementsisa 910 债务复阅财务报表202 isas and rss isas 和 rss203 joint monitoring unit 连接检验单位204 knowledge of the entitys business 个体的企业知识205 law and regulations 法和规则206 legal and regulations 法定权利和规则207 legal obligation 法定义务,法定责任208 levels of assurance 保险程度,保障水平209 liability 负债210 limitation on scope 审计范围限制211 limitation of audit 审计的提起诉讼的限期212 limitations of controls system 控制系统的提起诉讼的限期213 litigation and claims 诉讼和赔偿214 litigation 诉讼215 loans 借款,贷款216 long term liabilities 长期负债217 lowballing lowballing218 management 管理219 management integrity 经营完整220 management representation letter 管理当局声明书221 marketing 推销,营销,市场学222 material inconsistency 决定性的前后矛盾223 material misstatements of fact 重大误报224 materiality 重要性225 measurement 计量226 microcomputers 微型计算器227 modified reports 变更报告228 narrative notes 叙述证券229 nature 性质230 negative assurance 消极保证231 net realizable value 可实现净值232 non-current asset register 非本期的财产登记233 non-executive directors 非执行董事234 non-sampling risk 非抽样风险235 non-statutory audits 目标236 objectivity 客观性237 obligating event 负有责任事件238 obligatory disclosure 有拘束的揭示239 obtaining work 获得工作240 occurrence 出现241 on-line computer systems （与主机）联机计算器系统242 opening balances 期初余额243 operational audits 经营审计,作业审计244 operational work plans 操作上的工作计划245 opinion shopping 意见购物246 other information 其他的信息247 outsourcing internal audit 支援外包的内部核数248 overall review of financial statements 财务报表的包括一切的评论249 overdue fees 超储未付费250 overhead absorption 管理费用分配251 periodic plan 定期的计划252 permanent audit files 永久审计档案253 personal relationships 个人的亲属关系254 planning 计划编制255 population 抽样总体256 precision 精密257 preface to ISAs and RSs 国际砂糖协定的序文和债券附卖回交易258 preliminary assessment of control risk 控制风险的预备评定259 prepayments 预付款项260 presentation and disclosure 提示和揭示261 problems of accounting treatment 会计处理的问题 262 procedural approach 程序上的靠近263 procedures 程序264 procedures after accepting nomination 程序过程在接受提名之后265 procurement 采购266 professional duty of confidentiality 保密的职业责任267 projection of errors 错误的规划268 provision 备抵,准备269 public duty 公共职责270 public interest 公众利益271 publicity 宣传272 purchase ledger 购货分类账273 purchases and expenses system 买和费用系统274 purchases cut-off 买截止275 put on enquiry 询价上的期货买卖276 qualified opinion 保留意见277 qualifying disclosure 合格揭示278 qualitative aspects of errors 错误的性质上的方面279 random selection 随机选择280 reasonable assurance 合理保证281 reassessing sampling risk 再评价抽样风险282 reliability 可靠性283 remuneration 报酬284 report to management 对经营的报告285 reporting 报告286 research and development costs 研究和开发成本287 reservation of title 保留288 reserves 准备,储备289 revenue and capital expenditure 岁入和资本支出290 review 评论291 review and capital expenditure 评论和资本支出292 review 评论293 review engagement 复阅债务294 rights 认股权295 rights and obligations 认股权和待付款296 rights to information 对信息的认股权297 risk and materiality 风险和重要性298 risk-based approach 以风险为基础的方式299 romalpa case romalpa 个案300 rotation of auditor appointments 审计（查帐）员任命的循环301 rules of professional conduct 职业道德守则302 sales cut-off 销售截止303 sales system 销售（货）制度304 sales tax 销售税,营业税305 sales 销售,销货306 sample size 样本量307 sampling risk 抽样风险308 sampling units 抽样单位309 schedule of unadjusted errors 未调整的错误表310 scope and objectives of internal audit 内部核数的范围和目标311 segregation of duties 职责划分312 service organization 服务组织313 significant fluctuations or unexpected relationships可重视的（市价）波动或不能预料的亲属关系314 small entity 小的个体315 smaller entities 比较小的个体316 sole traders 个体营业者317 sources of knowledge 知识的根源318 specimen letter on internal control 内部控制上的样本证书319 stakeholders 赌款保存人320 standardised working papers 标准化工作文件321 statement 1:integrity,objectivity and independence声明 1: 完整，客观性和独立322 statement 2:the professional duty of confidence 声明 2: 信任的职业责任323 statement 3: advertising ,publicity and obtaining professional work 声明 3: 广告法（学），宣传和获得专业性工作324 statement 5:changes in professional appointment 声明 5: 在职业上的任命中的改变325 statistical sampling 统计抽样326 statutory audit 法定审计327 statutory books 法定卷册328 statutory duty 法定责任329 stewardship 总管的职务330 strategic plan 战略性计划331 stratification 分层332 subsequent events 期后事项333 substantive procedures 实词程序过程334 substantive tests 实质性测试335 sufficient appropriate audit evidence 充分的适当审计证据336 summarising errors summarising 错误337 sundry accruals 杂的应计项目338 supervision 监督339 supervisory and monitoring roles 监督的和检验角色340 suppliers statements 供应商的声明341 system and internal controls 系统和内部的控制342 systematic selection 系统选择法343 systems-based approach 以系统为基础的方式344 tangible non-current assets 有形的非流动资产345 tendering 投标,清偿346 terms of the engagement 债务的条件347 tests of control 控制的证人348 the AGM 周年大会349 the board 委员会350 three Es 三 Es351 timing 定时352 tolerable error 可容忍误差353 trade accounts payable and purchases 贸易应付帐款和买354 trade accounts payable listing 贸易应付帐款挂牌 355 training 培训356 treasury 国库,库房357 TRUE 真实358 turnbull committee turnbull 委员会359 ultra vires 越权360 uncertainty 不确定性361 undue dependence 未到（支付）期的未决362 unqualified audit report 无条件的审计报告363 unqualified report 无条件的报告364 using the knowledge 使用知识365 using the work of an expert 使用专家的工作366 valuation 计价，估价367 value for money 现金（交易）价格368 voluntary disclosure 自愿披露369 wages and salaries 工资，薪金370 wages system 工资系统371 work in progress 在产品372 working papers 工作底稿。
审计报告英文版(全)
AUDITOR’S REPORTYue Hua Shen / Yan Zi (2014) No. 0002ICPA filing number: 020201401000420To all shareholders of ****** Co., Ltd:We have audited the accompanying financial statements of ****** Co., Ltd (“Your Company”), which comprise the balance sheet as of 31 December 2013, the income statement,statement of changes in owner's equity and cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements.I. Management’s responsibility for the financial statementsManagement of your Company is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. This responsibility includes: (1) in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and its relevant provisions, preparing the financial statements and reflecting fair presentation; (2) designing, implementing and maintaining the necessary internal control in order to free financial statements from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.II. Auditors' responsibilityOur responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with Chinese Certified Public Accountants Auditing Standards. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors' judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider the internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.III. OpinionIn our opinion, the financial statements of your Company have been prepared in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprise and its relevant provisions in all material respect, and present fairly the financial position of your Company as of 31 December 2013, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the year then ended.Guangdong Huaxin Accounting Firm (general partner)Guangdong, ChinaChinese Certified Public Accountant:Chinese Certified Public Accountant:January 3, 2014BALANCE SHEETAS OF 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB YuanINCOME STATEMENTFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB YuanCASH FLOW STATEMENTFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Unit: RMB YuanSTATEMENT OF CHANGES IN OWNERS’ EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013department:****** CO., LTDNOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTSFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013(All amounts in RMB Yuan) I. Company Profile******* Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the "Company") is a limited liability company (Sino-foreign joint venture) jointly invested and established by **** Co., Ltd. and ******* Limited on 24 June 2013. On December 26, 2013, the shareholders have been changed to ***** CO., LTD and ******* LIMITED.Business License of Enterprise Legal Person License No.:Legal Representative:Registered Capital: RMB (Paid-in Capital: RMB )Address:Business Scope: Financing and leasing business; leasing business; purchase of leased property from home and abroad; residue value treatment and maintenance of leased property; consulting and guarantees of lease transaction (articles involved in the industry license management would be dealt in terms of national relevant stipulations) II. Declaration on following Accounting Standard for Business EnterprisesThe financial statements made by the Company are in accordance with the requirements of Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises, which reflects the financial position, financial performance and cash flow of the Company truly and completely.III. Basic of preparation of financial statementsThe Company implements the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (‘Finance and Accounting [2006] No. 3”) issued by the Ministry of Finance on February 15, 2006 and the successive regulations. The Company prepares its financial statements on a going concern basis, and recognizes and measures its accounting items in compliance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises – Basic Standards and other relevant accounting standards, application guidelines and criteria for interpretation of provisions as well as the significant accounting policies and accounting estimates on the basis of actual transactions and events.IV. The main accounting policies, accounting estimates and changesFiscal yearThe Company adopts the calendar year as its fiscal year from January 1 to December 31.Functional currencyRMB was the functional currency of the Company.Accounting measurement attributeThe Company adopts the accrual basis for accounting treatments and double-entry bookkeeping of borrowing for financial accounting. The historical cost is generally as the measurement attribute, and when accounting elements determined are in line with the requirements of Accounting Standards for Enterprises and can be reliably measured, the replacement cost, net realizable value and fair value can be used for measurement.Accounting method of foreign currency transactionsThe Company’s foreign currency transactions adopt approximate spot exchange rate of the transaction date to convert into RMB in accordance with systematic and rational method; on the balance sheet date, the foreign currency monetary items use the spot exchange rate of the balance sheet date. All balances of exchange arising from differences between the balance sheet date spot exchange rate and the initial recognition or the former balance sheet date spot exchange rate, except that the exchange gains and losses arising by borrowing foreign currency for the construction or production of assets eligible for capitalization are transacted in accordance with capitalization principles, are included in profit or loss in this period; the foreign currency non-monetary items measured at historical cost will still be converted with the spot exchange rate of the transaction date.The standard for recognizing cash equivalentWhen making the cash flow statement, cash on hand and deposits readily to be paid will be recognized as cash, and short-term (usually no more than three months), highly liquid and readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of changes in value are recognized as cash equivalent.Financial InstrumentsClassification, recognition and measurement of financial assets- The company at the time of initial recognition of financial assets divides it into the following four categories: financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period, loans and receivables, financial assets available for sale and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are measured at fair value when initially recognized. Relevant transaction costs of financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period are recognized in profit or loss of this period, and relevant transaction costs of other categories of financial assets are recognized in the amount initially recognized.-- Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period refer to the short-term sales financial assets, including financial assets held for trading or financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period designated upon initial recognition by the management. Financial assets measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period are subsequently measured at fair value, and the interest or cash dividends obtained during the holding period will be recognized as investment income, and the gains or losses of the change in fair value at the end of this period are recognized in the profit or loss in this period. When it is disposed, the difference between the fair value and the initial recorded amount is recognized as investment income, while adjusting gains from changes in the fair value.--Loans and receivables: the non-derivative financial assets without the price in an active market and with fixed and determinable recovery cost are classified as loans and receivables. Loans and receivables adopt the effective interest method and take amortized cost for subsequent measurement, and gains or losses arising from derecognition, impairment or amortization are included in the profit or loss of this period.-- Financial assets available for sale: including non-derivative financial assets available for sale recognized initially and other non-derivative financial assets except for loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments and trading financial assets. Financial assets available for sale are subsequently measured at fair value, and interest or cash dividends obtained during the holding period will be recognized as investment income, and gains or losses arising from the changes in fair value at the end of this period are recognized directly in owners' equity until the financial asset is derecognized or impaired and then is recognized as the profit or loss in this period.-- Held-to-maturity investments: the non-derivative financial assets with clear intention and ability to hold to maturity by the management of the company, a fixed maturity date and fixed or determinable payments are classified as held-to-maturity investments. Held-to-maturity investments adopt the effective interest method and take amortized cost for subsequent measurement, and gains or losses arising from derecognition, impairment or amortization are included in the profit or loss of this period.Classification, recognition and measurement of financial liabilities- The company at the time of initial recognition of financial liabilities divides it into the following two categories: financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period and other financial liabilities. Financial liabilities are measured at fair value when initially recognized. Relevant transaction costs of financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period are recognized in profit or loss of this period, and relevant transaction costs of other financial liabilities are recognized in the amount initially recognized.-- Financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period include the trading financial liabilities and financial liabilities measured at fair value with changes included in the profit or loss of this period designated upon initial recognition. Financial liabilities are subsequently measured at fair value, and the gains or losses of the change in fair value are recognized in the profit or loss in this period.-- Other financial liabilities: adopting the effective interest method and taking amortized cost for subsequent measurement. The gains or losses arising from derecognition or amortization is included in the profit or loss of this period. Requirements for derecognition of financial liabilitiesFinancial liabilities shall be entirely or partially derecognized if the present obligations derived from them are entirely or partially discharged. Where the Company enters into an agreement with a creditor so as to substitute the current financial liabilities with new ones, and the contract clauses of which are substantiallydifferent from those of the current ones, it shall recognize the new financial liabilities in place of the current ones. Where substantial revisions are made to some or all of the contract clauses of the current financial liabilities, the Company shall recognize the new financial liabilities after revision of the contract clauses in place of the current ones entirely or partially.Upon entire or partial derecognition of financial liabilities, differences between the carrying amounts of the derecognized financial liabilities and the consideration paid (including non-monetary assets surrendered or new financial liabilities assumed) are charged to profit or loss for the current period.Where the Company redeems part of its financial liabilities, it shall allocate the carrying amounts of the entire financial liabilities between the relative fair values of the parts that continue to be recognized and the derecognized parts on the redemption date. Differences between the carrying amounts allocated to the derecognized parts and the consideration paid (including non-monetary assets surrendered and the new financial liabilities assumed) are charged to profit or loss for the current period. Recognition and measurement for transfer of financial assetsIf the Company has transferred nearly all of the risks and rewards relating to the ownership of the financial assets to the transferee, they shall be derecognized. If it retains nearly all of the risks and rewards relating to the ownership of the financial assets, they shall not be derecognized and will be recognized as a financial liability. If the Company has not transferred nor retained nearly all of the risks and rewards relating to the ownership of the financial assets:(1) to give up the control of the financial assets to be derecognized; (2) not giving up control of the financial asset to be recognized based on the extent of its continuing involvement in the transferred financial assets and liabilities are recognized accordingly.If the transfer of entire financial assets satisfy the criteria for derecognition, differences between the amounts of the following two items shall be recognized in profit or loss for the current period: (1) the carrying amount of the transferred financial asset; (2) the aggregate consideration received from the transfer plus the cumulative amounts of the changes in the fair values originally recognized in the owners’ equity. If the partial transfer of financial assets satisfy the criteria for derecognition, the carrying amounts of the entire financial assets transferred shall be split into the derecognized and recognized parts according to their respective fair values and differences between the amounts of the following two items are charged to profit or loss for the current period: (1) the carrying amounts of the derecognized parts;(2) The aggregate consideration for the derecognized parts plus the portion of the accumulative amounts of the changes in the fair values of the derecognized parts which are originally recognized in the owners’ equity.Determination of the fair value of financial instruments- If financial instruments trade in an active market, the quoted price in an active market determines its fair value; if financial instrument trade not in an active market, the valuation techniques determine the fair value. Valuation techniques include recent market transaction price reference to the familiar situation and volunteer transaction, current fair value reference to other substantially similar financial instruments,discounted cash flow method and option pricing model and so on.Test and Provisions for impairment loss on financial assets--Except trading financial assets, the Company makes assessment on the carrying values of financial assets at the balance sheet date. If there is evidence that the fair value of specific financial asset has been impaired, provisions for impairment loss is made accordingly.-- Measurement of impairment of financial assets measured at amortized costIf there is objective evidence that the financial asset measured at amortized cost has been impaired, the carrying amount of the financial asset is written down to the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not yet occurred), and the amount of reduction is recognized as impairment loss and is recognized in the profit or loss of this period. The Company carries out the impairment test of significant single financial asset separately, carries out the impairment test on insignificant single financial asset from a single or combination of angles, and carries out the impairment test on single asset without objective evidence of impairment along with the financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics to constitute a combination, but does not carry out the impairment test on the provision for impairment of financial assets based on the single in the portfolio. In the subsequent period, if there is objective evidence that the value of financial asset has been restored and recognized relevant to the objective matters occurring after the impairment, previously recognized impairment loss shall be reversed and charged into the profit or loss of this period. But the book value after the reversal should not exceed the amortized cost at the reversal date of the financial assets supposed no provision for impairment. When the financial assets measured at amortized cost actually occur loss, offset against the related provision for impairment.--Available for sale financial assetsIf there is objective evidence that an impairment of available for sale financial assets occurs, even though the financial asset has not been derecognised, the cumulative loss of decrease of the faire value originally recorded in the owner's equity should be transferred out and charged into the current profit and loss. The cumulative loss is the initial acquisition cost of available for sale financial assets, deducting the fair value of the withdrawing principal and amortization amount and impairment loss as well as net impairment amount originally charged into the profit or loss.Recognition and provision for bad debts of accounts receivableIf there is objective evidence that receivables are impaired at the end of this period, the carrying value will be written down to its present value of estimated future cash flows, and the amount of reduction is recognized as impairment loss and is recognized in the current profit or loss. Present value of estimated future cash flows is determined through future cash flows (excluding credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the original effective interest rate, taking into account the value of related collateral (less estimated disposal costs, etc.). Original effective interest rate is the actual interest rate when the receivables are recognized initially. The estimated future cash flows of short-term receivables have small difference from the present value, and the estimated future cash flows are not discounted in determining therelated impairment loss.The significant single receivables are separately carried out impairment test at the end of this period, and if there is objective evidence that the impairment has occurred, based on the difference of the present value of future cash flows less than the book value, the impairment loss is recognized and the provision of bad debts is done. The significant single amount refers to top five receivable balances or the sum of payments accounting for more than 10% of receivable balances.If there is objective evidence that the individual non-significant receivables impairment has occurred, separate impairment test is done, the impairment loss is recognized and the provision for bad debts is done; other individual non-significant receivables and receivables not impaired after separate test are together divided into several combinations for impairment testing with aging as the similar credit risk characteristics, to determine the impairment loss and do provision for bad debts.In addition to separate provision for impairment of receivables, the company is based on the actual loss rate of receivable portfolio with the same or similar to the previous year and aging as the similar credit risk characteristics, and combines the currentFixed assets and depreciation accounting methodRecognition criteria of fixed assets: fixed assets refer to tangible assets held for the purpose of producing commodities, providing services, renting or business management with useful lives exceeding one accounting year and high unit value. Classification of fixed assets: buildings and constructions, machinery equipment, transport equipment and office equipment.Fixed assets pricing and depreciation method: the fixed assets is priced based on actual cost and depreciated in a straight-line method. The estimated useful lives, estimated residual rate and annual depreciation rate of various categories of fixedend of the reporting period, and if the market continuing to fall or technological obsolescence, damage, long-term idle and other reasons result in fixed assets recoverable amount lower than its book value, in accordance with the differenceprovision for impairment of fixed assets, the impairment loss is recognized in fixed assets and can not be reversed in a subsequent accounting period. The recoverable amount is recognized based on the fair value of the assets deducting the net amount after disposal expenses and the present value of cash flows of the estimated future assets. The present value of the future cash flows of the asset is determined in accordance with the resulting estimated future cash flows in the process of continuous use and final disposal to select its appropriate discount rate and the amount of the discount.Accounting method of construction in progressThe construction in progress is priced on the actual cost, to temporarily transfer to fixed assets when reaching the intended use state in accordance with the project budget and the actual cost of the project, and to adjust the book value of fixed assets according to the actual cost after handling final settlement of accounts. Acquisition, construction or production of assets eligible for capitalization borrowed specifically or the interest on general borrowing costs and auxiliary expenses of specific borrowings occurred can be included in the cost of capital assets and subsequently recognized in the current profit or loss before the acquisition, construction or production of the qualifying asset reaches the intended use state or the sale state.Impairment of construction in progress: the Company conducts a comprehensive inspection of construction in progress at the end of the reporting period; if the construction in process is stopped for long time and will not be constructed in the next three years and the construction in progress brings great uncertainty to the economic benefits of enterprises due to backward performance or techniques and the construction in progress occurs impairment, the balance of recoverable amount of single construction in progress lower than the book value of construction in progress is for impairment provisions of construction in progress. Impairment loss on the construction in progress shall not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods once recognized.The pricing and amortizing of intangible assetsPricing of the intangible assets---The cost of outsourcing intangible assets shall be priced based on the actual expenditure directly attributable to intangible assets for the expected purpose.--- Expenditure on internal research and development projects is charged into the current profit or loss, and expense in the development stage can be recognized as intangible costs if meeting the criteria for capitalization.--- Intangible assets of investment is in accordance with the agreed value of the investment contract or agreement as costs, excluding not fair agreed value of the contract or agreement.--- Intangible assets of the debtor obtained in the non-cash asset cover debt method can be accepted; if the receivable creditor’s right is changed into intangible assets, then record according to the fair value of intangible assets.--- For non-monetary transaction intangible assets, the fair value and related taxes payable of non-monetary assets should be the accounting cost.Amortization of intangible assets: as for the intangible assets with limited service life,it is amortized by straight-line method when it is available for use within the service period. As for unforeseeable period of intangible assets bringing future economic benefits to the company, it is regarded as intangible assets with uncertain service life, and intangible assets with uncertain service life can not be amortized. The Company’s intangible assets include land use rights, forest land use rights and the production and marketing information management software. The land use rights are amortized averagely in accordance with 50 years of service life, forest land use rights are amortized averagely in accordance with 30 years of service life, and the production and marketing information management software are amortized averagely in accordance with 5 years of service life.Expenditures arising from development phase on internal research and development projects can be recognized as intangible assets when satisfying all of the following conditions: (1) there is technical feasibility of completing the intangible assets so that they will be available for use or sale; (2) there is intention to complete and use or sell the intangible assets; (3) the method that the intangible assets generate economic benefits, including existence of a market for products produced by the intangible assets or for the intangible assets themselves, shall be proved. Or, if to be used internally, the usefulness of the intangible assets shall be proved; (4) adequate technical, financial, and other resources are available to complete the development of intangible assets, and the Company has the ability to use or sell the intangible assets;(5) the expenditures arising from development phase of the intangible assets can be measured reliably.Impairment of intangible assets: the Company conducts a comprehensive inspection on intangible assets at the end of the reporting period. If the intangible assets have been replaced by other new technologies so as to seriously affect its capacity to create economic benefits for the enterprise, the market value of certain intangible assets sharply fall and is not expected to recover in the remaining amortization period, certain intangible asset has exceeded the legal time limit but still has some value in use as well as the intangible asset impairment has occurred, the provision for impairment is done according to the difference between the individual estimated recoverable amount and the book value. Impairment loss on the intangible asset shall not be reversed in subsequent accounting periods once recognized.Accounting method of capitalization of borrowing costsBorrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets for capitalization should be charged into the relevant costs of assets and therefore should be capitalized. Borrowing costs incurred after qualifying assets for capitalization reaches the estimated use state are charged to profit or loss in the current period. Other borrowing costs are recognized as expenses based on the accrual and are charged to profit or loss in the current period.Capitalization of borrowing costs should meet the following conditions: expenditures are being incurred, which comprise disbursements incurred in the form of payments of cash, transfer of non-monetary assets or assumption of interest-bearing debts for the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets for capitalization; borrowing costs are being incurred; purchase, construction or manufacturing activities。
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审计报告英文
审计报告（Audit Report）是审计工作的重要成果之一，它是审计师对被审计单位的财务报表所做出的审计结论的正式陈述。
审
计报告包含了审计师对财务报表的真实性和公允性进行评估的结果，也是向利益相关者传递审计意见和信息的工具。
审计报告的主要内容包括：审计范围，财务报表的基础，审计
方法和程序，审计意见等。
在编写审计报告时，审计师需要根据
所审计的单位的财务报表和相关的审计准则，结合审计工作所获
得的证据和判断，对财务报表进行评估，并根据评估结果提供一
个符合审计准则要求的意见。
审计报告一般由以下几个部分组成：报表标题，鉴证报告，保
留意见，审核报告，审计人员签字等。
首先，审计报告的报表标题必须标明审计机构或审计师的名称，以及对被审计单位的名称和财务报表的期间。
这有助于确保审计
报告的准确性和可靠性。
其次，鉴证报告部分是审计报告的核心内容，它体现了审计师对财务报表真实性和公允性的评估结果。
鉴证报告中通常包含审计师对财务报表的意见，这意见可以是无保留意见、保留意见或否定意见等。
无保留意见表示审计师对财务报表的真实性和公允性没有任何疑义；保留意见表示审计师对财务报表的真实性和公允性存在一定的保留；否定意见表示审计师认为财务报表中存在重大错误或欺诈行为。
第三，审核报告部分详细描述了审计师所采用的审计方法和程序，以及在审计过程中发现的问题和发现。
这些问题和发现可能是与财务报表有关的错误、欺诈行为、违反法规或内部控制的问题等。
审计师在审核报告中应当客观、全面地呈现所发现的问题和发现，并提出相关建议和意见。
最后，审计人员签字部分是审计报告的正式确认，也是审计师对其工作的负责和承诺。
审计人员签字部分包括审计师的姓名、职务、所属机构的名称和日期等。
审计人员签字的目的是确保报告的可信度和责任感，并向利益相关者传递审计师的专业意愿。
总之，审计报告是审计工作的重要成果，它对于受审计单位和利益相关者具有重要意义。
通过审计报告，受审计单位可以了解
自身财务报表的真实性和公允性状况，并依此进行相应的改进和
调整。
利益相关者则可以根据审计报告的结论和意见，对受审计
单位的财务状况和经营情况作出更准确的评估和判断。
在全球化和信息时代的背景下，英文审计报告的编写和使用已
成为国际审计领域的重要趋势。
随着跨国公司和跨境投资的增多，英文审计报告在国际金融市场中的地位日益重要。
因此，审计人
员必须具备一定的英文写作能力，能够熟练运用相关的审计单词
和术语，准确有效地表达自己的观点和结论。
总而言之，审计报告英文（Audit Report）是审计师对被审计单位财务报表所作出的审计结果的正式陈述，它是审计工作的重要
成果之一。
审计报告的编写要准确、全面地呈现审计结论和意见，并满足相关的审计准则和要求。
英文审计报告在国际审计领域中
具有重要意义，审计人员应具备一定的英文写作能力才能胜任国
际审计工作。