专八翻译讲义汉译英学生版2.12

英语专业八级考试翻译讲义

第一部分专八翻译测试简介

1.测试要求

汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时约250-300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。

英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250-300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。

2.题型

本题分为两项：Section A及Section B。考试时间共计60分钟。

Section A：150词左右的段落被底线划出。要求根据上下文将此段落译成英语。Section B：150词左右的段落被底线划出。要求根据上下文将此段落译成汉语。

3.评分标准

1）英译汉和汉译英满分各记10分；

2）“译文忠实性”（faithfulness）计7分，“语言适切性”(appropriateness)计3分。

3）“译文忠实性”具体细分为5档：

”具体细分为4档：

4）“语言适切性

5）各档次条件：

优秀：能基本进行词语的正确翻译（突破原文词语的表层含义，实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等）；有较强的翻译转换意识——能在不改变原意的基础之上进行恰当的翻译转换（能对译句进行深层次的组织，译句符合译语句子的信息结构和重量特点）；语言流畅，用词恰当，符合译语规范。

良好：能一定程度地进行词语的正确翻译（突破原文词语的表层含义，实现指称、语境、语体、搭配等多方面意义的对等）；偶尔能体现出翻译转换意识——在不改变原意的基础上进行一定的翻译转换（如对译句进行深层次的组构，译句能符合译语句子的信息架构和重量特点）；语言较为流畅，用词较为恰当，符合译语规范。

合格：尚能进行词语的翻译，但多局限于指称意义的翻译，在语境、语体、搭配等意义的对等上有明显不足；句义尚且忠实，但缺乏翻译转换意识，基本不能在不改变原意的基础上进行恰当的翻译转换；语言尚流畅，部分用词不恰当，出现病句。

不合格：基本不能进行词语的翻译，意思偏离严重；没有翻译转换意识，

机械式的对应严重，或对原文意思进行篡改，或有明显遗漏；语言别扭，用词不妥，有较多病句。

极差：不能进行词语的翻译，没有翻译转换意识，完全局限于机械式的对应，或对原文意识进行明显篡改，或有大量遗漏；有相当多的语言失误。

4.学生样卷

第二部分汉译英

1

真正的朋友，恐怕要算“总角之交”或“竹马之交”了。在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊，那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，入世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成全由于志趣相近或性情适合，差不多可以说是“无所为”的，性质比较地纯粹。而二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免掺有各种各样的颜色分子在内；至于三十岁四十岁以后的朋友中间，颜色分子愈多，友谊的真实成分也就不免因而愈少了。

2

我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去，尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。他用两手攀着上面，两脚再向上缩；他肥胖的身子向左微倾，显出努力的样子，这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪。怕他看见，也怕别人看见。

3

好学的，爱古物的人们自然喜欢北平，因为这里书多古物多。我不好学，也没钱买古物。但我却喜爱北平的花多菜多果子多。花草是种费钱的玩艺，可是北平的“草花儿”很便宜，而且家家有院子，可以花不多的钱而种一院子花，即使算不了什么，可是到底可爱呀。墙上的牵牛，墙根的靠山竹与草茉莉，是多么省钱省事而且会招来翩翩的蝴蝶。

4

不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想陶然亭

的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去罢，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。

5

四十年前，我住在城里在明朝曾经是特务机关的东厂里面。几座深深的大院子，在最里面三个院子里只住着人一个人。朋友们都说这地方阴森可怕，晚上很少有人敢来找我，我则怡然自得。每当夏夜，我起床以后，立刻就闻到院子里那些高大的马缨花树散发出来的阵阵幽香，这些香气破窗而入，我于此时神清气爽，乐不可支，连手中那一枝笨拙的笔也仿佛生了花。forty years ago, I lived downtown in the Dongchang, which was the house as a secret service of Ming dynasty. It was a big yard, and I was the only one who lived in the back three yards. All my friends said It was a ghastly and bloodcurding place, for which few of them dared to visit me at night. And I was happy and pleased with myself of this. Once I got up at a summer night, I could immediately smell the bursts of fragrance from the tall rhododendron tree in the yard. The sweet smell floated into my room through the widow. I felt refreshed and was overwhelmed with joy at that moment. EVen abundant inspirations of writing came into my mind.

6

祖母还会讲“水漫金山”的故事，——有个叫作许仙的，他救了两条蛇：一青一白，后来白蛇就化作女人来报恩，嫁给了许仙；青蛇化作了丫环，也跟着。有个和尚叫作法海禅师，他看见许仙脸上有“妖气” ，于是就把许仙藏在金山寺的法座后面。白蛇娘娘前来寻夫，于是就“水漫金山”，后来，白蛇娘娘中了法海禅师的计策，被骗装在一个小小的钵盂里了。这钵盂被埋在地下，上面造起一座塔来镇压她，这塔就是竖立在西湖边上的雷峰塔。

My grandma also told me the fairy tale, the flooding of Jinshan Temple. There was a herbalist called Xuxian, who saved two snakes. One of the snake is white, and the other one is green. Afterward the white turned herself into a woman and married Xuxian for showing her gratitude. Meanwhile the green one turned herself into a servant girl, following the white one. There was a monk called Fahai Chan master. He saw a sinister appearance in Xuxian's face, so he hid Xuxian in the back of a throne in Jinshan Temple. When the Lady White Snake came to find her man, she made water flood the Jinshan Temple. But later on, the White Snake was deceived by Fahai's stratagem, and was struck into a alms bowl, which was buried into earth. Above this alms bowl, a tower was built to compact the White Snake. This is the Leifeng Tower standing by the West Lake.

7

由妙高峰到小亭的这一段路，特别美丽，两旁的槐树像仙女似的临风飘舞，雪白的花，衬在翠绿的树叶下更显得清秀、纯洁。芬芳的香气从微风里

送来，令人感到一种说不出的舒服和愉快。

更有趣的，是当我们在槐树中间穿过时，好像另走进了一个草木青青的仙境，真正的桃花源。有时我故意走在后面，望着特的影子在树荫底下移动着，正像看一幕天然的电影。

8

狮子峰、始信峰和西海峰是黄山后山诸峰中最精彩的景点。狮子峰好像是上苍的杰作，有“天然图画”、“面面受奇”的石刻，有“说也不信，到者方知”名联，有“不到狮子峰，不见黄山踪”的评语。始信峰小巧秀丽，齐松挂壁，雾漫峰尖，云飘谷底。西海群峰千姿百态，云雾飘渺、万壑深渊，似有群仙游荡，变幻莫测。

9

是夜送亲城外，返，已漏三下。腹饥索饵，婢妪以枣脯进，余嫌其甜。芸暗牵余袖，随至其室，见藏有暖粥并小菜焉。余欣然举箸，忽闻芸堂兄玉衡呼曰：“淑妹速来！”芸急闭门曰：“已疲乏，将卧矣。”玉衡挤身而入，见余将吃粥，乃笑睨芸曰：“顷我索粥，汝曰…尽矣?，乃藏此专待汝婿耶？”芸大窘避去，上下哗笑之。余亦负气，挈老仆先归。

In that evening, I saw the bridegroom off outside the city. It was about 4 o'clock when I came back. I was so hungry that I found some foods to eat. The servants offered me some dates, but I thought they were too sweet. Yun took me secretly by my sleeve. So I followed into her room, in which I immediately began to eat when I saw some warm porridge with dishes. At this moment, I heared Yun's elder cousin yelled, 'sister, come on!' Yun walked quickly to close the door and replyed, 'I am so tied that I'm going to bed.' He pushed the door open, and entered. When he saw I eating the porridge, he scoffed to Yun,' Just now I came here to asked for some porridge, and you told me that you had finished them. You hid them for

your fiance, didn't you?" Yun felt so ashamed that she ran away, leaving the servants and her cousin laughing. I was also angry so that I went home with my old servant.

10

凡事不逃避，我喝我的清茶。荷花居淤泥而不染，若为怕水污而种在旱地上，它早就枯死了。人生也一样，避恶、避丑、避邪，只能说明自己心灵脆弱、一个自我安定的人是不怕环境污染自己的，而有力量影响他人。古代孟母三迁是为了怕孩子受坏影响，要为自己就没必要逃避了，后来孟子长大成人后也没听说孟母再搬家。

I drink my plain tea, and do not escape from anything. Lotuses grow in the silt but are not imbrued. They would have withered long ago if they were planted in the arid lands for fear of be polluted by the water. Our life also runs in the same way. Escaping from the badness, ugliness and evilness can be only explained that your heart is vulnerable, for a man with stable mind won't be afraid of being influenced by the environment, but has power to influence others. As the ancient story goes, the Mencius's mother moved for three times to find a better environment for Mencius, not for herself. Later on when Mencius grown up, his mother didn't move from place to place any more.

11

雨声渐渐的住了，窗帘后隐隐的透进清光来。推开窗户一看，呀！凉云散了，树叶上的残滴，映着月儿，好似萤光千点，闪闪烁烁的动着。——真没想到苦雨孤灯之后，会有这么一幅清美的图画！

凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里；一片幽辉，只浸着墙上画中的安琪儿。——这白衣的安琪儿，抱着花儿，扬着翅儿，向着我微微的笑。

The rain stoped gradually，with the dim light lighted faintly from the back of the curtain. When I opened the window, I was surprised to find that the clouds were scattered by the wind. Under the moon, the residual droplet onthe leaves are like thousands of glowworms, moving sparklingly. With the lonely blind lantern, who would imagine such a beautiful sight after the miserable rain.

Standing by the window for a while, I slightly felt a bit cool. After turning around, suddenly I felt dazzled, as if all things but I were invisible in the light. The Angel in the painting on the wall soaked into the dusky glow, who smiled to me, in white, holding a bouquet, spreading her wings.

12

曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美

人。

On the zigzag lotus pool, what fill the eyes are palmy leaves, which rose high out of the water like the flare skirts of dancing girls. Among the layers of leaves, there are dotted with some white flowers, some of which are open alluringly, while others are in buds shyly, like grains of bright pearl, stars in blue sky, also like a beauty naked from her bath.

13

微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。

14

随着城市里那些密集而冰冷的高楼大厦拔地而起，在拥堵的车流中，在污浊的空气里，人们的幸福正在一点点地破碎，飘零。大家住得越来越宽敞，越来越私密。自我，也被划进一个单独的空间里，小心地不去触碰别人的心灵，也不容许他人轻易介入。可是，一个人安静下来时会觉得，曾经厌烦的那些嘈杂回想起来很温情很怀念。

15

有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。

晨光，透过古色古香的雕花窗棂，给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起，空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车启动的节奏、夫妻间甜蜜的道别，还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。巷陌中的这一切，忙碌却不混乱，活泼却不嘈杂，平淡却不厌烦

As a saying goes, ' a low hermit hides himself in the wild, while a high one hides himself in the city.' The real happiness can be found in the street, ot in the forest, does not mean hiding.

The dawn gradually puts light golden made_up for the delicate miniascape in the yard. With the rolling up of frying eggs' sound, the air is full of immature kids' voice, the sound of cars' new start_up engine, the sweet farewell between the couples, and the simple greeting between the neighbors. All those in the alley are busy but not chaotic, lively but not noisy, plain but not boring.