非谓语动词之过去分词
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词.ppt.ppt

The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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(4)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和 完成,只表完成。如:
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 (既表示被动也表示完成)
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成,不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如: She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, the Factory looks beautiful.
After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
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4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman .
Because he didn’t know where to go, he asked a policeman.
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3、作宾语补足语
非谓语动词讲解

I can‟t go out with these dishes to wash. She fell asleep with the light burning. He worked with the door closed. Don‟t stand with your hands in your pockets. She sleeps with the window open. With John away, we‟ve got more room. 不定式 分词(现在分词、过去分词)
3.当做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的 承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态, 但含义不同 Do you have anything to send? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
To study a foreign language, one needs practice.
独立主格结构 定义:非谓语结构带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作 状语。 特点:①…的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,独立存在 ②独立主格中的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、 副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系 ③独立主格结构后一般有逗号与句子分开。 构成:①名词(代词)+现分/过分 ②名词(代词)+形容词 ③名词(代词)+副词 ④名词(代词)+不定式⑤名词(代词)+介词短语 ⑥with/without+名词(代词)+宾补
非谓语动词分类
不定式 (to) do
非谓语动词
动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing
非谓语-过去分词

With的复合结构在分词中的用法 的复合结构在分词中的用法 1.with+名词 或代词)+ 名词( )+现在分词 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 分词的动作的发出者或某动作, (强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作,状态 分词的动作的发出者或某动作 正在进行) 正在进行) fast, 1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。( 。(原因状 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状 语) cheering, 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。( 。(伴随情 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情 况)
Given more time, he can do it better. 条件状语) (条件状语) If given another chance, I’ll do it better. Caught in the rain, I was wet all through. 原因状语) (原因状语) Although warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 让步状语) ( 让步状语)
1.With my money _____(lose), I can’t buy it now. 2.With winter _______ (come), I feel happy 3._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C,did not include , women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. A. carry put B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)

非谓语动词(Non-finiteverbs)非谓语动词概述:不定式(todo):目的、将来形式现在分词(doing):主动、进行过去分词(done):被动、完成todo:某一次具体的动作作主语doing:抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo:某一次具体的动作作表语doing:抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done:todo作宾语doing句法功能todo:目的、将来作定语doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成todo:目的、将来作宾补doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成todo:目的、将来作状语doing:主动、进行done:被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI:非谓语动词的形式(一)过去分词:过去分词只有一种形式,就是一般式done。
①单独表示一个被动的动作;②也可以单独表示动作已经完成;③还可以同时表示被动和完成。
(二)现在分词的各种形式:(三)主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.(四)不定式的各种形式(五)e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意:非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII:todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法:e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考:todo作主语,表__________________________________________________的动作;doing作主语,表_________________________________________________的动作。
非谓语动词--过去分词

(2014年广东高考--语法填空) 1. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there were told (tell) that had been a mistake. We ___________ our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 2. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play sunburnt (sunburn), volleyball. We got a little __________ but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
(2013年深圳第一次调研) 5. I stood there _________ puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow had cheated me. (2013汕头期末统考) designed 6. You can have program specially __________ (design) to suit you, or you can just ask staff to make a few suggestions about activities to do. (2012年广东两校联考) Hearing (hear) that, 7. “What can I do?” _________ the boatman replied calmly , “It doesn’t matter. I’m coming to dive for the man …
非谓语动词-过去分词

非谓语动词(三)——过去分词(三)过去分词:1、过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:(1)作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。
被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.(2)作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。
注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
(3)作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
英语语法:非谓语动词 -过去分词

作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。 I'm ashamed of myself for it. 为此我自感羞愧。
1)构成谓语
①“have+过去分词done”可以构成谓语动词完成时态或非谓语动词的完成 式。
I haven't been out much recently. (现在完成时) 我最近没太出门。 I knew you had been busy for a long time. (过去完成时) 我知道你一直很忙。 I'm sorry not to have given you enough care. (不定式完成式) 我很抱歉没有给你足够的关心。
Don’t say that! She was annoyed at your saying that. 不要说啦!你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. 我们厌烦得要命,禁不住打起了呵欠。
作表语
注意:这种结构和被动语态是有差别的:
作表语
注意:这种结构和被动语态是有差别的:
①“be+表语”结构表示一种状态,而被动语态表示一个动作。 试比较下面句子: The shop is closed now. 商店已关门。(be+表语,表状态) The shop is usually closed at 8 o’clock. 商店通常8 点关门。(被动语态,表动作) He was wounded in the arm. 他手臂受了伤的。(be+表语,表状态)
非谓语动词分词的用法总结

非谓语动词分词的用法总结一、非谓语动词分词的基本概念及形式非谓语动词分词是英语中的一种特殊用法,常用来表达被动、完成、主动等不同含义。
在句子中作为定语、状语或补语,并且有时可以替代从句。
它的形式通常为“过去分词”或“现在分词”,具体使用取决于上下文和句子结构。
1. 过去分词过去分词通常由动词原形后加上-ed或-d构成,如:played, taken, finished等。
它可以表示被动意义,也可以表示稍微延续的状态或完成的行为。
2. 现在分词现在分词通常由动词原形后加-ing构成,如:playing, taking, working等。
它可以表示主动进行的行为,同时也具有形容词性质。
二、非谓语动词分词作定语非谓语动词分词可以用作定语来修饰名词,起到进一步说明、限定名次的作用。
1. 过去分词作定语过去分词作为定语时,通常修饰被其所描述的名次,如:broken heart (破碎的心) ,cooked rice (煮熟的米饭)等。
它可以表示被动或完成的状态。
2. 现在分词作定语现在分词作为定语时,通常修饰与之相关的名次,并且描述正在进行或主动发生的行为,如:a running river (奔流的河流) ,a barking dog (叫唤的狗)等。
三、非谓语动词分词作状语非谓语动词分词可以用作状语来修饰句子、从句或名词短语,起到表示时间、原因、方式、条件等不同功能的作用。
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作为状语时,可以表示原因、结果、条件、时间等。
例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (完成了家庭作业后,他出去玩了)2. 现在分词作状语现在分词作为状语时,可以表达同时进行、原因、方式等含义。
例如:Walking slowly, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (慢慢地走着,她欣赏美丽的风景)四、非谓语动词分词作补语非谓语动词分词还可以用来充当及物动词的宾补或形容词的补足语,起到补充说明、进一步描述的作用。
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动词过去分词充当定语:3、可转换成定语从句
位前置定语:单个动词过去分词 过去置后置定语:过去分词短语 分词 作定意及物动词过去分词:表示被动、完成 语 义不及物动词过去分词:表示完成
与定语从句转换
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语:1、位置
①单个过去分词,常放在被修饰词的前面,作前置 定语 The lost child was found at last. The excited people rushed into building. Lost time can never be found again.
Scientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.
Scientific experiments __c_a_rr_ie_d__o_u_t__by students can be dangerous.
非谓语动词之过去分词
back. 8. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 9. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 10. He stood there silently, moved to tears.
②过去分词短语,常放在被修饰词的后面,作后
置定语
The child lost in the park was found at last.
The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a
success.
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语:1、位置
③如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those 或是不定代词时,通常过去分词要放在被修饰 的词之后。
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago. 自从我两年前离开以来,这个镇几乎没有什么 变化。
Everything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
将来
to do to be done
非谓语动词之过去分词
时态 语态
主动
被动
done
完成 进行
将来Βιβλιοθήκη done非谓语动词之过去分词
1. The robbers are using a stolen car. 2. The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in the fire. 3. He looked worried after reading the letter. 4. The cup is broken. 5. He managed to make himself understood. 6. They considered the matter solved. 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his
位 置
位于系动词之后:
意 已被形容词化,表示主语所处的状态,
过去 义 也有一定的被动意味。
分词 1. be 动词
作表 2. 表示保持的系动词
语
系 动 词
3. 4.
感官系动词 表象系动词
5. 变化系动词
6. 终止系动词 非谓语动词之过去分词
1. 过去分词作表语,可以看作是过去分词的形容词化, 说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态,也有一定的 被动意味。其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。
①及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为 带被动语态的定语从句 He didn’t turn up at the meeting(which was) held yesterday. I found it hard to understand the English (that was) spoken by native villagers.
②不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过
去分词)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从
句
We drank some boiled water and went on with our
work.
(=which 非h谓a语d动词b之o过i去le分d词 )
These female pigs are cloned. So we call them _c_lo_n_e_d__ pigs. These female pigs are cloned. So we call them pigs _th_a_t_/_w_h_i_c_h_a_r_e_c_l_o_n_e_d_.
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语:2、使用意义
①及物动词的过去分词作定语时,表示被动的、完成 a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥 iced beer 冰冻啤酒 _p_o_l_lu__te_d__a_ir__a_n_d_w__a_te_r 被污染的空气和水 _c_o_o_k_e_d__fo_o_d_ 熟食
主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语
非谓语动词之过去分词
Ving
时态 语态
主动
完成
having done
进行
Ving
将来
被动
having been done
being done
非谓语动词之过去分词
to do
时态 语态
主动
完成
to have done
进行
to be doing
被动
to have been done
以上划线部分在句中的成分(主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补)
在在句 句15&&26中&7充中定当充:语当_:(_____前____置____/_后___置_在)句3&4中充当:_____ 在句8&9&10中充状当语:(__非_谓时_语_动间_词_之_过/_去原_分_词_因__/_伴___随__等)
非谓语动词之过去分词