第六章 市场营销

• The buying center is not a fixed and formally identified unit within the buying organization. It is a set of buying roles assumed by different purchases.
• 1.marketing structure and demand • 2.nature of the buying unit • 3.types of decisions and decision process
1.marketing structure and demand
• Business markets contain fewer but larger buyers • Business customers are more geographically concentrated • Business in many business markets is more inelastic---not affected as much in the short run by price changes • Demand in business markets fluctuates more, and more quickly
• Business buyer behavior: the buying behavior of the organizations that buy goods and services for use in the products and services or for the purpose of reselling or renting them to others at a profit.
Major types of buying situations
• 1. straight rebuy • 2. modified rebuy • 3. new task
• Straight rebuy: a business buying situation in which the buyer routinely orders something without any modifications. • Modified rebuy: a business buying situation in which the buyer wants to modify product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers. • New task: a business buying situation in which the buyer purchases a product or services for the first time.
• Business buyers usually face more complex buying decisions • The business buying process is more formalized • In business buying, buyers and sellers work more closely together and build close long-run relationships
• Systems selling is a two-step process: • 1.the supplier sells a group of interlocking products. • 2.the supplier sells a system of production, inventory control, distribution, and other services to meet the buyer’s need for a smooth-running operation.
• Business markets are similar to consumer markets. Both involve people who assume buying roles and make purchase decisions to satisfy needs. However, business markets differ in many ways from consumer markets.
Age
Education
Job position Personality Risk attitudes
• Systems selling: buying a packaged solution to a problem from a single seller, thus avoiding all the separate decisions involved in a complex buying situation.
Major influences on business buyers
• 1.Environmental
Economic developments Supply conditions Technological change Political and regulatory developments Competitive developments Culture and customs
Business buyer behavior
• 1.What buying decisions do business buyers make? • 2.Who participates in the buying process? • 3.What are the major influences on buyers? • 4.How do business buyers make their buying decisions?
Business markets and business buyer behavior
you should be able to
• 1. define the business market and explain how business markets differ from consumer markets • 2. identify the major factors that influence business buyer behavior • 3. list and define the steps in the business buying- decision process
2.nature of the buying unit
• Business purchases involve more buyers • Business buying involvers a more professional purchasing effort.
3.types of decisions and decision process
A model of business buyer behavior
The environment
Buying organization
The buying center Marketing stimuli Buying-decision process
Buyer responses
Other stimuli
• Systems selling is a key business marketing strategy for winning and holthe business buying process
• Buying center: all the individuals and units that participate in the business buyingdecision process. • The buying center includes all members of the organization who play a role in the purchase decision process.
• Instead of buying and putting all the components together, the buyers may ask sellers to supply the components and assemble the package or system. Thus, systems selling is often a key business marketing strategy for winning and holding accounts.
• The business marketer must learn who participates in the decision, each participant’s relative influence, and what evaluation criteria each decision participant uses. • The buying center usually includes some obvious participants who are involved formally in the buying decision.
• The buying center includes all members of the organization who play any of five roles in the purchase decision process: • 1. users • 2. influencers • 3. buyers • 4. deciders • 5. gatekeepers
• anizational
Objectives Policies Procedures Organizational structure systems