汉译英-10复句的翻译
汉译英讲议-10
复句的翻译
汉语属分析性语言,其句子一般来说较松散,短句较多;而英语属结构语言,句子较长,在进行汉英翻译时,要尽可能将汉语的短句串译成一句英语,这就是翻译的高级技巧。
请看下列例句:
门口放着一堆雨伞,少说也有12把,五颜六色,大小不一。
In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.
我访问了一些地方,遇到了不少人,要谈起来,奇妙的事儿多着呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
我有一个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?
Can you answer me a question which is puzzling me?
因为距离远,又缺乏交通工具,农村社会是与外界隔绝的。
这种隔绝状态,由于通讯工具不足,就变得更加严重了。
The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.
我们不知不觉朝公园走去。
公园就在人行桥那边,桥下很深的地方,汹涌的河水滚滚流过。
Somehow the path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the river.。
复合句的翻译
3. 流水句(Running-on sentences) 流水句是吕叔湘先生提出来的,(1)汉语流水句由 一个个小句组成,以逗号间隔,(2)小句有语义关 系(一般是时间关系),但比较松散,句段之间难 以补上关联词,所以中间有多处断句的可能,(3) 重要部分往往放后面。 女,24,1米63,45公斤, 99级人大新闻系毕业, 在北京一家日报工作,欲觅未婚男士,一米80以上, 150─160斤,1976-1978,北京人,有稳定工作(收 入不能低于我),身体好,不戴眼镜,脸上无豆(长 相要配得上我),踏实,有责任心、上进心和幽默感 的男士 。
意合句
(1) 由小句组成, 用逗号分隔 (2)小句之间无表 示逻辑关系的关 特 联词语,但小句 征 本身的意义隐含 了它们之间的语 义关系。
主题句
(1) 由”主题语” 和 “评论语”组 成。 (2)主题与评论部 分都可以包含若 干词组或小句。 (3)汉语的评论语 用来表示说话人 的观点或意图, 放在后面。 (1) 确定小句之间 的语义关系, 找 出主次,确定主谓 (2) 其余部分按其 作用与主干相连 (3) 评论作为主句 前移.若评论较短, 也可以不前移。
The Translation of Chinese Compound Sentences
在任何艺术和科学中,由于知识总是观察研究或 是实践的成果,知识所有者应受到尊敬, 所受尊 敬的程度,则同其知识的广度和深度以及其实际 应用价值成正比。
Knowledge, in any art or science, being always the fruit of observation, study, or practice, gives, in proportion to its extent and usefulness, the possessor a just claim to respect.
复合句结构翻译
3.这就是我正在寻找的那本字典。
(that, look for)This is the very dictionary that I’m looking for.定从19.好的鞋、衣服和背包是你去徒步旅行的必需品。
(basic, equipment, need for)Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic equipment you need for your hiking.定从15.我们需要一个有活力的、能够真正地刺激成员更加努力工作的团队领导者。
(who)We need a dynamic team leader who can really motivate the members to work harder.定从20.不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也一定不能骄傲。
(be proud, whatever/ no matter what)You mustn’t be proud whate ver/ no matter what great progress you may have made.定从21.这些就是我们这样做的理由。
(why)These are the reasons why we do so.定从1.我们什么时候举行运动会仍然是个问题。
(when)When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.主从2.信上说他们将在星期五离开。
(say, that)The letter says that they are leaving on Friday.宾从8.我们现在应该帮助任何需要帮助的人。
(favor, whoever)We should do a favor for whoever needs help at present.宾从10.令她惊讶的是,这个小女孩懂得如此多的事情。
英汉翻译(10)定语从句的翻译
• The custom officer took up his suitcase, which was opened immediately in his presence.
• 海关官员拿起他的手提箱,并立即当着他的面打开。
• Trams, which disappeared from Britain many years, are still used in several European cities.
• A true friend is, as it were, a polished mirror which reflects our features, good and bad, as they are.
• 一个真正的朋友,就好象一面磨光的镜子,它把我们的 面貌,不论好的,坏的, 都如实地反映出来。
3)Translating Attributives with Adverbial Functions
• Rendered into a clause of cause • The strike would prevent the docking of
ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats. • 罢工会使远洋轮船不能靠岸,因为它们需要拖国家不讨饭就活不下去。”
• There was that in Rawdon’s face which cuased Becky to fling herself before him.
• 罗登脸上的表情使得贝姬扑到他身前。
• They are aware that they are participating in a movement which is shaking the world and which brings together in its ranks, in its forward march, all peoples aspiring to freedom and justice.
1.汉语单句与复句的英译(+ex)
汉语单句的英译按结构划分,汉语单句可分为主谓句和非主谓句。
由主谓词组构成的句子称为主谓句。
由单个词或主谓词组以外的词组构成的句子称为非主谓句。
一、主谓句的英译:对应的英语句型,有时也要按照英语的语言习惯进行适当的处理。
Activity One: 分析五个汉语主谓句(P.140)的类型,口译,并与P.308的译文对比,看它们转换成何种英语基本句型。
Activity Two: 分析三个汉语主谓句(PP.140-141)按照英语的语言习惯进行哪些调整。
(1)这(指白莽《孩儿塔》)是东方的微光,是林中的响箭,是冬末的萌芽,是进军的第一步,是对于前驱者的爱的大纛,也是对于摧残者的憎的丰碑。
(鲁迅《白莽作<孩儿塔>序》)This book is a glimmer in the east, an arrow whistling through the forest, a bud at the end of winter, the first step in the army’s advance, a banner oflove for the pioneers, a monument of hate for the despoilers. (Tr. YangXianyi & Glays Yang)(2)滥用职权严重地损害了党在人民群众中的形象。
Abuse of powerseriously damaged the Party’s image among the people.(3)自己酿的苦酒自己饮。
One must drink as one brews.二、汉语非主谓句的英译:除了句型基本对应的译法以外,要根据上下文进行增译、删减、但是,单部句由于受语境的影响较大,所以除了以上基本对应的译法之外,要根据上下文的语气和语境对译文进行增译、删减、合并等适当的处理。
Activity Three: 分析汉语非主谓句(P.141-142)的类型和英译时采用的手法。
复合句中译英
复合句中译英1.如果玛丽明天好了,她就会去。
If Mary is all right tomorrow, she will go.2.做完作业后,我上床睡觉了。
I went to bed after I had finished my homework.3.王老师说他认识你。
Mr. Wang said he knew you.4.他说他会把留言放在那张桌子上。
He said that he would leave a message on the desk.5.我们很高兴你邀请我们。
We are glad that you have invited us.6.我对她说的话很感兴趣。
I’m interested in what she has said.7.你知道你父亲是否离开了吗?Do you know if your father has left?8.我没有问她在读什么。
I didn’t ask her what she was reading.9.昨天他没去上学,因为他病了。
He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.10.我们应该学得像我们家长希望的那么好。
We must study so well as our parents hoped.11.玛丽比汤姆大。
Mary is older than Tom.12.电视剧结束后他上床睡觉。
He went to bed after the TV play was over.13.她在这个学校工作之前在哪里学习?Where did she study before she works in this school?14.自从她1987年来到这个小镇就一直在这所医院工作。
She has worked in this hospital since she came to this small town in 1987.15.我一到美国就会给你写信。
汉英翻译 句子翻译 (三)
3 转折类复句 1)突转句(但是,可是,然而,只是) 2)让步句(虽然…但是…,即使…也…,无论…都, 宁可…也) 3)假转句(否则,要丌然)
做母亲的有时丌能觉察到自己孩子的过错。 Mothers are sometimes blind to the faults of their children.
一般的读者几乎读丌到这本书。 The book can scarcely reach the common readers. 这个计算上的错误没有被会计看出。 The error in calculation escaped the accountant.
六 将汉语肯定句译成英语否定句。
他在这上面费了很多力。 He took no little pain over it.
我对你万分感激。 I couldn’t thank you enough. 我完全同意。 I couldn’t agree more. 智者千虑,必有一失。 Even the wise are not always free from errors.
Other than He never speaks to me other than to ask for money. She has no close friend other than him.
More…than.. I like her more than her husband. It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.
这房子尽管富丽埻皇,但住起来一点也丌舒服。 With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in. 动物没有水丌能生存,植物没有水也丌能生长。 Animals cannot live without water, neither can plants grow.
汉语复句翻译
Heilongjiang Forestry Bureau,says that,“China's forests are a vast source of renewable
energy and should be largely developed for firewood in the rural areas.”(突出文章的权威性)
Practical Translation Training
1. English-Chinese Translation
Why Measure Life in Heartbeats
The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood.
2)恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。
My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology.
译文B:As soon as he finds any possible opponent,he is,by instinct,to have an inclination for winning him over with charm and humor.(突出汉语主语“他”)
译文C:The sight of any potential antagonist arouses his innate impulse for winning him over with charm and humor.(突出汉语宾语“反对他的人”)
2) These islands have seen a lot of history.这些岛屿是许多历史事件的见证。
3)A great elation overcame them.他们欣喜若狂。
汉英翻译课件之 句子翻译之复句翻译.共38页文档
16、业余生活要有意义,不要越轨。——华盛顿 17、一个人即使已登上顶峰,也仍要自强不息。——罗素·贝克 18、最大的挑战和突破在于用人,而用人最大的突破在于信任人。——马云 19、自己活着,就是为了使别人过得更美好。——雷锋 20、要掌握书,莫被书掌握;要为生而读,莫为读而生。——布尔沃
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汉英翻译课件之 句子翻译之复句翻译.
21、没有人陪你走一辈子,所以你要 适应孤 独,没 有人会 帮你一 辈子, 所以你 要奋斗 一生。 22、当眼泪流尽的时候,留下的应该 是坚强 。 23、要改变命当作人类德性之 首,因 为这种 德性保 证了所 有其余 的德性 。--温 斯顿. 丘吉尔 。 25、梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的 ,它只 是让人 们的脚 放上一 段时间 ,以便 让别一 只脚能 够再往 上登。
复合句的翻译
原译:我把青春献给了海洋,我回家的时候便把 老年给了我的妻子。 改译:我把青春献给了海洋,等我回家见到妻子时, 已是白发苍苍。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
常见的翻译方法是调整原文语序和原文长度。若 一味地忠实于原文,那么译文轻则出现“翻译腔”, 生硬难解;重则文理不通,结构混乱,表达错误。
She went back to take care of her husband who was seriously ill.
他的妻子贝蒂是一位出生在上海的华人8岁时离开中国写过一本名为八月的书记述她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活英语中有些定语从句兼有状语的职能在意义上与主句是状语关系用来表示原因结果原因条件让步等关系
复合句的翻译
I gave my youth to the sea and I gave my wife my old age.
He would be a short-sighted commander who merely Manned his fortress and did not look beyond. 如果一个指挥官只守城堡而不往远处看,就是一个目光 短浅的指挥官。(表示条件)
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一座房子,尽管他并无此需要。(表示让步) The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and Gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and Exploiting the people in distant lands. 帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆军和海军,用以压迫和剥削 远地的人民。(表示目的) 以上这5个句子翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间发现逻辑上 的关系。如:第1句中的who含有时间概念,相当于when he。
英译汉翻译方法介绍句子的翻译
英译汉翻译方法介绍句子的翻译英译汉翻译方法介绍---句子的翻译一、分译和合译在翻译英语句子的时候,有时我们不改变或基本不改变句子的结构,但需要对原句作比较大的改变。
有两种常用的方法,一种叫分译,另一种叫合译。
所谓分译是指把一句话译成两句或两句以上。
合译则是指把两个相邻并且语义关系比较紧密的句子译成一句或是把原文的并列句或复合句译成简单句。
1、分译eg:1) Despite their differences, their love will conquer.尽管他们之间存在分歧,他们的恋爱一定会成功。
2) The rain having ruined my hat, I had to buy a new one.雨水把我的帽子淋坏了,我得买个新的。
3) I can hardly work with that noise going on. 那个声音响个不停,我几乎没法工作2、合译eg:1) It is New Year's Day. Go and see you father. 过年了,去看你爸爸吧。
2) He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。
3) As he stood there, he saw two men enter the bank.他站在那里,看见两个人进了银行。
二、复合句分句顺序的改变在翻译英语主从复合句的时候,常常要改变分句的顺序。
这里有两个主要的原因。
1、不论简单句还是复合句,在扩展的时候,有两个方面问题。
如在以pen为中心次的短语my friend's pen中,扩展方向是左,在the pen of the friend of my aunt中,扩展方向是右。
如果我们以主句为中心,从句出现在主句前是向左扩展,如When you're ready, we'llleavefor Shanghai.如果从句出现在主句之后则是向右扩展,如We'll leave for Shanghai由于这汉语句子的扩展方向倾向于左。
