如何降低物流成本中英文对照

均衡物流成本物流成本包括从原材料供应开始一直到将商品送达到消费者手中所发生的全部物流费用。

按物流的功能，我们可以对物流成本做如下分类：1．配送成本。

主要包括人工费用，如运输人员工资、福利等；营运费用，如营运车辆燃料费、折旧、公路运输管理费等等；其他费用，如差旅费等。

2．库存成本。

主要包括建造、购买或租赁等仓库设施设备的成本和各类仓储作业带来的成本。

3．流通加工成本。

主要有流通加工设备费用、流通加工材料费用、流通加工劳务费用及其他。

4．包装成本。

主要包括包装材料费用、包装机械费用、包装技术费用、包装人工费用等。

5．装卸与搬运成本。

主要包括人工费用、资产折旧费、维修费、能源消耗费以及其他相关费用。

6．物流信息和管理费用。

包括企业为物流管理所发生的差旅费、会议费、交际费、管理信息系统费以及其他杂费。

从物流的产生到现在，物流活动的从事者一直在想法设法的减少物流成本，只有将物流成本控制到最低才能够为其他的环节包括生产、制造、加工等提供更好更大的发展空间。

然而成本的降低并不是一件容易的事情，往往降低某一部分的物流成本则会引起其他部分成本的升高，将各个部分的成本同时降低几乎不可能实现，所以均衡物流成本就显得尤为重要。

下面我就以库存成本和运输成本为例来介绍如何均衡物流成本。

大家都知道库存成本是物流成本的一个重要组成部分，而科学的管理库存往往是许多企业追求的目标。

库存成本包括订购成本，库存持有成本，库存获得成本以及缺货成本。

若能实现零库存，则会使仓储费用降低以及相关保管、管理维护费用的降低。

另一方面，随着库存的降低又带来了企业其它一系列各项潜在成本的降低，包括资金成本的降低以及风险成本的降低。

当然，“零库存”的目标是相对的不是绝对的，实际上存在着库存成本与运输成本的均衡问题。

实现零库存的一个重要的途径就是利用准时生产方式（JIT），可概括为“在需要的时候，按需要的量生产所需的产品”，也就是通过生产的计划和控制及库存的管理，追求一种无库存，或库存达到最小的生产系统即在生产。

然而上面也提到了实现零库存的同时也会带来其他部分物流成本的上升，比如会增加生产及运输成本，但是只要采取合理的方法，如通过实现效率化的配送，减少运输次数，提高装载率及合理安排配车计划，选择最佳的运送手段，即达到库存与配送的最佳均衡状态从而使配送成本的增加控制到最小。

换句话说配送成本的上升虽然会带来一些负面影响，但是只要均衡得当，任何增加的配送费用都会被库存节省的费用远远抵消，因此实现零库存对于降低物流总成本还是有很大帮助的，企业需要以一个整体的眼光看待成本的增加或是减少，而不是仅从可能会增加某部分的成本来考虑。

Balanced logistics costsLogistics costs include raw material supply from the beginning until the goods reach consumers in the hands of all logistics costs incurred. According to the function of logistics, we can make the following categories of logistics costs:1. Distribution costs. Including labor costs, such as transport staff salaries, benefits, etc.; operating expenses, such as operating vehicles, fuel, depreciation, management fees, and road transport; other costs such as travel and so on.2. Inventory costs. Including construction, purchase or lease other storage facilities and equipment operating costs and bring the cost of various types of storage.3. Distribution processing costs. The main flow of processing equipment costs, circulation and processing materials costs, labor costs and other distribution processing.4. Packaging costs. Including cost of packaging materials, packaging machinery costs, packaging costs, packaging, labor costs and so on.5. Handling and transportation costs. Including labor costs, depreciation costs, maintenance costs, energy consumption costs and other related costs.6. Logistics information and management costs. Occurrence of logistics management including business travel, conference fees, communication fees, management fees and other miscellaneous information systems.Generated from the logistics to the present, who have been engaged in logistics activities in the idea of trying to reduce logistics costs, only the lowest logistics cost control to be able to include other aspects of the production, manufacturing, processing, etc. to provide better space for further development. However, cost reduction is not an easy task, often a part of the logistics cost reduction will lead to other part of the cost increases, will reduce the cost of the parts is almost impossible, so the balance is particularly important logistics costs. Here I will take inventory and transportation costs as an example to introduce how to balance the logistics costs. We all know the cost of inventory cost of logistics is an important part, and scientific management of inventory is often the goal pursued by many companies. Inventory costs include ordering costs, inventory holding cost, inventory cost and shortage cost to obtain. If we can achieve zero inventory, it will reduce storage costs and related storage, management and maintenance costs reduced. On the other hand, with the inventory reduction has brought a series of other enterprises of the potential cost savings, including lower capital costs and risk costs.Of course, the "zero inventory" the goal is relative not absolute, in factthere is inventory cost and transportation cost balance. To achieve zero inventory is an important way is to use the time production (JIT), can be summarized as "when needed, the amount required for production of the product", that is, through production planning and control and inventory management, the pursuit of a non-inventory, or inventory to minimize the production system is in production. However, as mentioned above to achieve zero inventory will also bring up other parts of the logistics costs, such as production and transportation costs will increase, but as long as reasonable methods, such as by implementing the efficiency of the distribution, to reduce transport times and improve the load rate and reasonable arrangements with car program, choose the best means of transportation, that is, inventory and distribution to achieve the best equilibrium so that the increase in distribution costs to a minimum. In other words, although the rise in distribution costs will be some negative impact, but as long as the proper balance, any increase in inventory and distribution costs will be more than offset by cost savings, so to achieve zero inventory for lower total cost of logistics is of great help , companies need to look at the overall cost of an increase or decrease, not only from a certain part may increase the cost to consider.。