2019年职称英语考试理工类B级补全短文试题
2019年职称英语考试理工类B级补全短文试题
第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
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Animal Intelligence
Are Animals intelligent? If they are, whichanimals are the most intelligent? These are not easy questions to answer. Inthe first place, no one is quite sure what intelligence is. We often say thatintelligence means being able to solve problems. 46. For example, dogsand cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have touse their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds findtheir way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year whenthey move from cool to warmer places. We do not know how they do this but weknow that they do not use their intelligence.47. Young birds are able tomake these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born withthis ability. This is not intelligence. We call this
‘instinct'.
Often we cannot be sure whether an animal isacting intelligently or instinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, itbarks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not reallyknow why it is doing this. But supposing a house is on fire and the dog barks outsideits master's bedroom until he wakes up, is the dog using its intelligence? 48.Often we cannot be sure.
Many animals, however, can be taught to soleproblems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught topress a lever to get food. Pigeons have been taught to peck a disc for the samereason. Even an octopus(章鱼) has been trainedto know the difference between a square and an oblong (长方形) ! Animals in circuses have been taught to do all sorts of tricksto amuse an audience. 49. It is saying, “if I do this, I will get areward. Therefore I will do it.” This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence.
Some animals, however, show a much higher kindof intelligence. They solve problems without any help. Chimpanzees, one of theape family, are much more intelligent than other animals. A chimpanzee once didsomething even more intelligent. He did not have a stick. He had two shorttubes. Neither of the tubes was long enough to reach the banana but one was widerthan the other. He jammed the narrow tube inside the wider tube and in this waymade one tube long enough to reach the banana 50
A Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simplybarking instinctively because it is afraid?
B Chimpanzees can solve certain problems without any help.
C Some animals seem able to do this.
D In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence.
E In other words, he did not simply use a tool, which itself is intelligent：he made a tool.
F They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions.。
2019年职称英语综合类B级补全短文模拟训练(1)
2019年职称英语综合类B级补全短文模拟训练(1) Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class? If so, a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read, even when the students are good at other subjects. (1)Researchers from Yale University, US, studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State. As part of the study, 37 struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day, instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes (音素). (2)By the end of the school year, these children could read faster than before. They also made fewer mistakes, and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their study, the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students' brains.(3) This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read. This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiar written words quickly. In lower level readers, this structure remains inactive.A year later, the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gore through the special tutoring, and they continued to do well in reading tests (4)However, some researchers still doubt the study.(5)A Many adults are interested in matching sounds with lettersB The students also practiced reading aloud and spellingC The biggest challenge for many of these kids, scientists say, is matching sounds with letters.D Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn't show the same progress.E The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.F They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.答案1. C2. B3. E4. D5. F。
2019年职称英语理工类B级完型填空练习题及答案1
2019年职称英语理工类B级完型填空练习题及答案1 Dark Forces Dominate UniverseThe earth, moon, sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe. Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy, unknown forces that （1）astronomers.Observations in recent years have changed the basic （2） of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that （3） our world.Astronomers now know that luminous （发光的） matter-stars, planets and hot gas － accounts （4） only about 0.4 percent of the universe. Non-luminous components, such as black holes and intergalactic （星系间的） gas, （5） up 3.6 percent. The rest is either dark matter, about 23 percent, or dark energy, about percent.Dark matter, sometimes （6） "cold dark matter," has been known for some time. Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it （7） in the formation of stars, planets and even people."We （8） our very existence to dark matter," said physicist Paul Steinhardt and a co-author of a review on dark matter which （9） not long ago in the journal Science."Dark matter dominated the structure （10） in the early universe," Steinhardt said. "For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe. You can think of ordinary matter （11） a froth （泡沬） of anocean of dark matter. The dark matter clumps （结成块） and the ordinary matter falls into it. That （12） to the formation of the stars and galaxies （星系）."Without dark matter, "there would be virtually no structures in the universe."The nature of dark matter is （13）. It cannot be seen or detected directly. Astronomers know it is there because ofits （14） on celestial （天体的） objects that can be seen and measured.But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently （15） power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.1 A worry B move C puzzle D reject2 A understanding B value C pattern D structure3 A changed B described C designed D shaped4 A in B for C of D to5 A make B keep C set D get。
2019职称英语理工B模拟试题补全短文
2019职称英语理工B模拟试题补全短文阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
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Little Lady Starts Big WarHarriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into heranti-slavery book "UncleTom's Cabin." (46) The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him, and allshe hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buya new silk dress.But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1852. They sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England. (47) Within six months of its release, a play was made fromthe book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America's most popular play for 80 years. It might appearthat "Uncle Tom's Cabins was universally popular, but thiswas certainly not true, Many people during those pre-CivilWar days'——particularly defenders of the slavery system——condemned it as false propaganda and poorly written melodrama (传奇剧作品).Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the book, she replied："God wrote it."), and she tried to convince people slaverywas wrong, so perhaps the book could be considered propaganda.(48)Though she was born in Connecticut in 1832, as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary (神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in action. (49) In 1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system. (50)In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the CivilWar, he said, "So, this is the little lady who started this big war."A She had read a lot about the slavery system.B Today some historians (历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War.C But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accurately described the evils of slavery.D For a while it outsold every book in the world, except the Bible.E But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success.F She lived 18 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college。
职称英语补全短文模拟考题理工B
职称英语补全短文模拟考题理工B第5部分：补全短文(第46"-'50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
AndroidsComputers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to come. And it won't be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity ( 灵敏),and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades.___________ (46)Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to give human attributes to other creatures--even objects.For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months.___________ (47) The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat, the kids even covered it with a blanket.In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions--soul mates, even? ___________ (48) And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical (不和伦理的，不道德的 ) . ___________ (49) For those who always seemto.end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificialintelligence,Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: "If a robot hadall the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other bad-tempered old people?"A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient(服从的),as an owner desired. And that's the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage theability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you're behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ___________ (50) People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.A. It's easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.B. But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.C. And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend, Levy said that such marriages will besocially acceptable by around 2050.D. However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.E. Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.F. The robot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition.第5部分：补全短文46.F。
2019职称英语理工B级：补全短文练习(3)
2019职称英语理工B级：补全短文练习(3)补全第短文题Good WritingLike fine food, good writing is something we approachwith pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. （1） Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours toachieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose－school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. （2）There are still some remote places in the world whereyou might find someone to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no morethan a quick note to work from. （3）We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put to the mails or deliveredby hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. （4）We want to arouse and hold the interest of readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" file or into a wastepaper basket. （5）A But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselvesB However, the managers may sometimes cause the writersa lot of troubleC Any good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown （成熟的）D What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read.E This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practising the skills of interesting, effective writing.F You may be sure that the greater the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more re【参考答案】1. C 2. F 3. A 4. D 5. E。
2019年全国职称英语理工类(B级)考试真题及答案
全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．A．angerB．doubtC．loveD．surprise2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．A．writtenB．printedC．attachedD．sent3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．A．sharingB．usingC．denyingD．developing4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．A．clearB．regularC．quickD．great5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．A．politeB．similarC．usualD．bad6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．A．goodB．specialC．privateD．general7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．A．changesB．reducesC．leavesD．drops8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．A．limitedB．allowedC．stoppedD．kept9．What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? A．retirementB．advertisementC．advancementD．replacement10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．A．directB．stopC．mixD．avoid11．There was a profound silence after his remark．A．proudB．shortC．suddenD．deep12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．A．longB．boringC．originalD．humorous13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．A．caughtB．killedC．foundD．jailed14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．A．transferB．destroyC．establishD．update15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．A．combineB．sellC．closeD．break第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2019年职称英语考试《理工类B级》补全短文训练及答案2.docx
2019 年职称英语考试《理工类 B 级》补全短文训练及答案 2the importance of agriculture in chinathe development of agriculture and the balance betweenfood and population are china’s fundamental economic problems. the classical histories praise emperors fordevotion to agriculture and much of china’s modern historyis ____(1)____, which has been growing steadily.today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarterof the gross national product, it is still the main determinantof the standard of living and the principal occupation of atleast 70 percent of population.agriculture also _____(2)____ because industry needsboth agricultural raw materials and food for its work force.the failure of agriculture to supply raw material and foodhalted and later reversed the industrial progress of the1950’s, after 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan "agriculture is the foundation of the economy"has remained a central chinese economic policy ever since.___(3)___, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade. many of china ’s exports are ___(4)___ or consumer goods based on them.flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports.it also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange onimports of grain and cotton, therefore __(5)___.练习：a determines the progress of industryb the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant populationc either agricultural raw materialsd enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industrye in addition to the direct links between agriculture and industryf thus promoting both import and exportkey ： BAFCD。
2019职称英语理工B级：补全短文练习(1)
2019职称英语理工B级：补全短文练习(1)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Every Dog Has His SayKIMIKO Fukuda always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. （1） When the dog barks, she glances at a small electronic gadget. The following "human" translation appears on its screen： "Please take me with you." "I realized that's how he was feeling," says Fukuda.The gadget is called Bowlingual, and it translates dog barks into feelings. People laughed when the Japanesetoymaker Takara Company made the world's first dog-human translation machine in 2002. But 300,000 Japanese dog owners bought it. （2）"Nobody else had thought about it," said Masahiko Kajita, who works for Takara, "We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders; what would it be like if we could understand dogs?"Bowlingual has two parts. （3） The translationis done in the gadget using a database containing every kindof bark.Based on animal behaviour research, these noises are divided into six categories： happiness, sadness, frustration, anger, declaration and desire. （4） In this way, thedatabase scientifically matches a bark to an emotion, whichis then translated into one of 200 phrases.When a visitor went to Fukuda's house recently, the dog barked a loud "bow wow" （5）. It was followed by"I'm stronger than you" as the dog growled and sniffed at the visitor.The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120. It can store up to 100 barks, even recording the dog's emotions when the owner is away.A A wireless microphone is attached to the dog's collar, which sends information to the gadget held by the owner.B Nobody really knows how a dog feels.C This translated as "Don't come this way".D More customers are expected when the English versionis launched this summer.E Now, the Japanese girl thinks she knows.F Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like "Let's play," "Look at me," or "Spend more time with me."【参考答案】1. E 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. C。
2019年职称英语综合类B级补全短文(1)
2019年职称英语综合类B级补全短文（1）Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible： online friendship. ____(1)____. Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online.____(2)____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____(3)____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give pers onal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at theUniversity of Southern California surveyed 2,000 householdsin the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends.____(4)____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possib le to have deep relationships withonline friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____(5)____. They say that it’s hard t o develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions aboutonline friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site shouldonly be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”词汇：acquaint / kweint / v.使熟悉lively / laivli / adj.热烈的deceive / disi：v/ vt.欺骗exaggerate / igzædreit / v.夸大beneficial / benifil / adj. 有益的update / p'det / vt. 更新buddy / bdi] / n. 朋友add on 补充注释：1.Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
2019年职称英语考试《理工类B级》补全短文训练及答案1
2019年职称英语考试《理工类B级》补全短文训练及答案1supermarketsupermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price ineither an offensive or defensive way. as a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. the supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, ____(1)____.the term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. most supermarkets emphasize price. some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. they were established by independents ____(2)____. supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. in recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. however, different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____：a superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. it offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____. many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. they, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as kroger and sav-on.for many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. for example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures____(5)____： some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group,for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).a by size and assortmentb than a conventional supermarket doesc including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesd attracting more customers with their low pricese primarily in either of two waysf to compete with grocery chainskeys： CFABE。