中国矿业大学(北京)2013-2014年博士基础英语考试资料合集
矿业大学(北京)博士英语 研究生翻译教材答案新.
Unit 14. Translation process A. Comprehension of words:句子译文（P4-5）（1）人生历程就是从生到死。
(2)女孩放好了桌子。
但lay table”的真正含义是指在餐桌上摆好吃饭用的餐具.(3)他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。
(4)她哭得很伤心。
不能译“她把眼睛哭出来”。
如to laugh one's head off"笑掉大牙”，to burst/split one's side with laughter“笑破肚子”；“tears well up in one's eyes”译为“泪汪汪”．(5)我们找了他，但一无所获。
“to no purpose”和“for no purpose不同，后者是“没有目的”，前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。
(6)但是他的重大发明还在后头呢(7)你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。
(8)他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。
可不是吗！/没错。
(9) 哎哟! 人生如草芥.(10) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。
(11) 谁来都行，由我来对付。
/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。
(12) 我死也不干。
(13) 理论固然重要，实践更重要。
(14)学英语，光学语法是不行的。
(15)“exaggerate”一词可以引出较广的含义，不能照字面理解为“被夸张了”，而应译为“他大发雷霞，未免小题大做”。
(16) “我拜读过大作。
没有想到你这么年轻有为，(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。
(17) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。
(18)应根据对其深层意思的理解译为“可是这个家里是他妈妈说了算(或他妈妈当家)，他们说，他连他妈妈的一半也顶不上”(他那样的人，两个也比不过他妈妈)。
(19) 如果将主语译成“他和她”就显得不顺。
后半句如译成“他们各自与另一个人结婚了”则不够清楚。
全句宜译成：“他们再次相逢时，一个已经娶妻，一个也已经再嫁了”。
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷含答案和解析
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷阅读理解About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: \1.According to the author, feeling depressed is______.(D)A. a mental scale present in all humans, including childrenB. a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childC. an inevitable part of children’s mental developmentD. something hardly to be expected in a young child解析：本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were‘depressed’until we were in high school”。
由此可知，作者和朋友们直到高中才开始感觉沮丧，言外之意就是很难想象会在小孩子身上出现沮丧心理，因此选择D。
2.Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world______.(C)A. through contact with societyB. through exposure to social informationC. gradually and under guidanceD. naturally and by biological instinct解析：本题细节定位于第五段第三句话“Children have always been taught adult secrets，but slowly and in stages：traditionally…”。
中国矿业大学(北京)考博英语必备词汇
中国矿业大学（北京）考博英语必备词汇jack n.千斤顶jam adj. 拥塞jealousy n.妒忌,猜忌,羡慕jean n.斜纹布，牛仔裤jelly n.冻，果子冻;胶状物jerk n.v.猛然一拉Jesus n.耶稣jewellery n.珠宝，珠宝饰物jingle vt.&vi.(使)丁当响jog n.轻推,轻撞,漫步jug n.水壶, 监牢, [象声] 模仿夜莺的叫声;vt. 放入壶中,junction n.连接;接头;中继线jungle n.丛林junior a.年少的 n.年少者;晚辈Jupiter 木星kernel n．果仁、核心kidnap vt．诱拐，绑架kidney n．肾，腰子；性格kilowatt n．千瓦kindle vt．点燃 vi.着火kinetic adj．运动的kit n．成套工具；用具包knight n．骑士（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) interview n.接见;会见;面谈 vt.接见，会见，会谈intonation n.语调，声调;发声introduce vt.介绍;引进，传入 vt.提出(议案等)invalid adj.无效力的invariably ad.不变地，永恒地inversely ad.相反地invoice n.发票，装货清单ion n.离子irregularity n.不规则;不整齐irrespective a.不考虑的，不顾的irrigation n.灌溉;冲洗法irritate n.刺激,烦恼,刺激物Islam n.伊斯兰教，回教ivory n.象牙;牙质;乳白色ingenious adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能ingenuity n.巧思，聪敏ingredient n.成份inherent adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的initial adj.开始的,最初的,字首的initially ad. 最初地，ad. 首先initiate vt.发起，开始initiative n.主动，首创精神本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
中国矿业大学(北京)2013年优秀博士、硕士学位论文名单
序 号 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
姓名
性 别 男 女 男 男 男 男 女
导师姓名
学科专业名称
学位论文题目 基于计算流体力学软件的船舶烟气脱硫喷淋流场数值 分析 空心微珠改性无机硅酸锌涂层性能的研究 基于采煤机振动特性的煤岩识别方法研究 动态定向电场激励法煤巷综掘超前探测仪发射装置研 制 浓密膏体管道输送系统研制及阻力影响因素研究 管道裂纹的电磁激励红外热像无损检测数值仿真研究 基于示踪时差法的浓密膏体管道流量测量装置研究
我国民间金融利率及其风险管理研究 基于物联网的煤炭企业物资超市管理研究与系统实现 我国煤炭企业销售绩效评价研究 煤炭井工矿劳动定额制定方法及应用研究 碳纳米管对碳纤维复合材料层间韧性的改性研究 开挖卸荷条件下硬岩的变形特性研究 温度条件下岩石含 III 型裂纹断裂规律实验及数值模 拟研究 恒阻大变形缆索静力学特性试验研究 灌水对北京地铁 10 号线盾构隧道稳定性影响研究 活性粉末混凝土高温爆裂机理的数值模拟研究 KdV 型方程在超对称 Reciprocal 变换下的性质研究 西方消费主义思潮对我国大学生的影响及对策研究 社会建构视角下的工程风险研究
机电学院 机电学院 机电学院 管理学院 力建学院 力建学院
19 20
高祥涛 贾雪娜
男 女
岩土工程 岩土工程
力建学院 力建学院
中国矿业大学(北京)2013 年优秀硕士学位论文名单
序 号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 姓名 许力峰 孙全 刘世奇 王亚茹 刘珂铭 赵飞 贾敬艳 朱学申 王浩森 姚征 刘文忠 王晓丽 张玲 万艳东 刘金光 刘娟 怀杨杨 章智明 鲁光辉 蒙小俊 张明 杨泽生 陈文超 张文磊 性 别 男 男 男 女 男 男 女 男 男 男 男 女 女 女 男 女 男 男 男 男 女 男 男 男 导师 姓名 张勇 秦跃平 许延春 秦跃平 张勇 黄玉诚 秦跃平 曹代勇 胡社荣 曹代勇 戴华阳 戴华阳 崔希民 竹涛 张玉秀 解强 郑水林 黄占斌 郑水林 张玉秀 杨巧文 吴 淼 田子建 郑晓雯 学科专业名称 采矿工程 安全技术及工程 采矿工程 安全技术及工程 采矿工程 采矿工程 安全技术及工程 矿产普查与勘探 地质工程 矿产普查与勘探 大地测量学与测量工程 大地测量学与测量工程 摄影测量与遥感 环境工程 生物化工 化学工艺 矿物加工工程 环境工程 矿物加工工程 环境科学 化学工艺 机械电子工程 通信与信息系统 机械设计及理论 学位论文题目 薄基岩厚表土煤层群协调开采技术研究 煤岩动态损伤演化理论及数值模拟研究 姚桥煤矿微山湖下安全采煤论证及研究 煤粒瓦斯放散理论与实验研究 采动影响下工作面围岩裂隙演化规律研究 公格营子矿公路下压煤巷式充填开采研究 采空区瓦斯运移的有限体积法数值模拟研究 韩城区块煤层气井煤粉产出影响因素及规律研究 煤田火区动态变化研究与煤火成因分析 煤粉产出物理模拟及动态变化规律研究 矿山数据库管理与沉陷预警系统的开发应用 无人机遥感图像拼接与匀色关键技术研究 基于 ALOS/PALSAR 数据的土壤水分反演研究 低浓度瓦斯变压吸附实验研究 硅缓解龙葵镉毒害的生化机制研究 改性活性炭及磁性活性炭吸附镍离子热力学研究 新疆夏子街膨润土湿法选矿提纯研究 环境材料对土壤重金属的固化效应研究 硅藻土处理医药化工高浓度含盐废水的研究 苯酚降解菌的降酚特性及其在焦化废水中的除酚 作用研究 Ag+强化砷黄铁矿生物浸出的研究 基于悬臂式掘进机多工位支锚系统的研究 左手材料的设计及应用研究 基于虚拟现实技术的液压支架三维可视化监测系 统研究 所属学院 资源学院 资源学院 资源学院 资源学院 资源学院 资源学院 资源学院 地测学院 地测学院 地测学院 地测学院 地测学院 地测学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 化环学院 机电学院 机电学院 机电学院
中国矿业大学(北京)考博英语复习-报考分析及备考指导-育明考博
中国矿业大学（北京）考博报考分析及备考指导 一、招考介绍学校所属招生总数名额分布考博英语难易程度复试分数线211/985266人（57各专业）直播和硕博连读人数：48人考研英语难度外语成绩≥55分专业课成绩≥60分二、矿大考博英语备考规划1、矿大考博初试英语题型和分值设置词汇完型填空阅读理解翻译短文作文15题15分20题10分五篇20题40分英译汉10分汉译英10分15分2、英语复习推荐用书：育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》《考博词汇》，是最为权威的考博英语备考资料。
同时也得到了育明考博学员的肯定和证明，并且每年都会再版更新。
可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当网下单。
（PS：育明考博咨询方式 扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八）3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享（1）词汇备考：矿大对考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。
部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。
虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。
根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。
有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。
单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。
所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。
记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。
如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。
因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。
北京大学2014年英语考博试题
北京大学2014年英语考博试题北京大学2014年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part II Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.21. _________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.[A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.[A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________.[A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown[D] being shown24.__________ that should be given priority to.[A] It is the committee has decided[B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided[D] It is what has the committee decided25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work.[A] less local free-spiritedness than[B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to[D] less to local free-spiritedness than to26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again.[A] has treated spectators with[B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators[D] has treated spectators to27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.[A] as hardly culturally enriching as[B] as hardly enriching culture as [C] hardly as culturally enriching as[D] hardly as cultural enriching as28. The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, __________, is money.[A] as is it across the country[B] as it is across the country [C] as it were across the country[D] as were it across the country29.Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually __________.[A] generate new seeds[B] new seeds generated [C] generates new seeds[D] new seeds are generated30. The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _________ leagues in virtually every sport.[A] were home to [B] was the home of [C] was home to [D] was home of31. Students at these schools test far below the state averagein reading, and their scores have improved only __________.[A] marginally [B] marvelously [C] martially [D] markably32. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had __________ us accidentally on his way out of the town or if he'd been deliberately tasked.[A]crashed on [B]bumped into [C]fallen against [D]puzzled about33. In previous time, when fresh meat was in short __________, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[A] storage [B] reserve [C] supply [D] provision34. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s __________ about health problems.[A] allegiance [B] alliance [C] allegations [D] alliteration35. The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing “__________ evidence” that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers.[A] comparing [B] completing [C] compelling [D] composing36. Since no one could __________ his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.[A] encode [B] decipher [C] clear [D] identify37.Many Fine Art graduates take __________ professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] in38. The statement said the people of Srebrenica __________ to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive.[A] aroused [B] ascribed [C] acclaimed [D] appealed39. The professor stopped for a drink and then __________ with his lecture on the Indian culture.[A] proceeded [B] processed [C] preferred [D] presented40. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not __________ close examination.[A] put up with [B] keep up with [C] stand up to [D] look up toPart III: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%) Passage OneIn science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search o f reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, forexample, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.41. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is __________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreeme nt with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C] in ag reement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen42. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that __________.[A] there are self-evident principles[C] man cannot discover what forces “really” are [B] there are mysterious forces in the universe [D] we can discover why things behave as they do43. The expres sion “speculated on” (line 4) means __________ .[A] considered [B] suspected [C] expected [D] engaged in buying and sellingPassage TwoThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make soundpersonal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.44. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because __________.[A] it is essential to personal freedom in American society[B] it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge[C] personal health choices help cure most illnesses[D] wrong decisions could lead to poor health45. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because __________.[A] current medical knowledge is still insufficient[B] there are many factors influencing our decisions[C] people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends[D] few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life46. According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on __________.[A] personal decisions [B] society’s laws[C]friends’ opinions[D] statistical evidencePassage ThreeFor gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences onlater development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may alsochange from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at differenttime. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.47. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research?[A] The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.[B] The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years.[C] The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years.[D] Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study.48. The word “contingent” in the third paragraph probably means __________.[A] dependent [B] consecutive [C] determined [D] continual49. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.[B] The methods of study in longitudinal research will not change over time.[C] Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development.[D] Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period.50.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that __________.[A] the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjects[B] the former can be free from the influence of socialchanges[C] the latter can be free from the influence of social changes[D] the former costs less money and takes less timeSection BDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)(51) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future. History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience.(52) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(53) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper andcivilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom.(54) History is never a closed book or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation. The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before.(55) A nation’s history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.Part IV: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).In Microsoft’s latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded(56) __________ its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good(57) __________, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers. (58) __________ unethical behavior. Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (59) __________ more than $2,200, from Microsoft. A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (60) __________ had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (61) __________ wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (62) __________ by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting. But while those on Microsoft’s mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (63)__________ bloggers soon objected –not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (64) __________ rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (65) __________ gifts from companies they cover.Part V: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion—a 9.4 percent jump from 2005. (67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. (68) Stanford's $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future. (69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford's vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends." (71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million. (72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education. (74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts. (75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.Part VI: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a lawful institution in China and is still very popular. The Chinese government has a department in charge of TCM and there are a lot of TCM hospitals and pharmaceutical factories in the country. Yet TCM is never short of opponents, including fierce opponents calling for its abolition. Please comment on the controversial status of TCM.。
考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编18(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编18(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. ClozeCloze(中国矿业大学2014年试题) A person’s home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n) 【C1】______home” . But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical【C2】______of cash and location on achieving that idea. Cash 【C3】______, in fact, often means that the only way of【C4】______when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things【C5】______financially. There are obvious【C6】______of living at home—personal laundry is usually【C7】______done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to【C8】______And there is【C9】______the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc. On the other hand,【C10】______depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents you’re your friends? You may love your family—【C11】______do you like them? Are you prepared to be【C12】______when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) 【C13】______, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you【C14】______finding somewhere else to live? If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are【C15】______well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always【C16】______. If you are going to work in a【C17】______area, again there are the papers—and the accommodation agencies,【C18】______these should be approached with【C19】______Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the【C20】______of the first week’s rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.1．【C1】A．idealB．perfectC．satisfactoryD．imaginary正确答案：A解析：A项ideal意为“理想的”；B项perfect意为“完美的”；C项satisfactory 意为“令人满意的”；D项imaginary意为“想象的、虚构的”。
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科技英语翻译1.当今社会，选择的观念无孔不入，种种选择会导致人们越发感到焦虑不安和力不从心。
总有人向我们灌输这样的理念：我们可以选择自己的生活方式，可以选择自己的身材，甚至可以选择子女的未来。
我们因为这种无所不能的虚假承诺而洋洋得意，同时却忘记了，自己做出的选择往往并不理智——要么受到别人选择（社会认同）的影响，要么受到自己内心无意识动机的影响。
1.The ideology of choice is all-pervasive in today’s society, and has contributed to growing feelings of anxiety and inadequacy among consumers.We’re told that we can choose the type of life we live, the type of body we have, even the way our kids will turn out. But while we bask in the false promise of mastery, we forget that the choices we make are often irrational-either linked to other people’s choices (what is socially acceptable), or our own unconscious motives.2.鉴于甲方拥有合同产品的生产及销售所涉及的技术信息，包括设计、技术、工艺、配方、技能和其他资料的专有权；鉴于乙方以生产、使用和销售合同产品为目的，希望获得使用上述协助的许可权利；鉴于乙方希望使用甲方所有的下述商标；双方兹就下列内容达成一致：2. Whereas Party A possesses proprietary technical information including designs, techniques, workmanship, formulas, skills and other data useful in the manufacture and marketing of certain products; and whereas Party B desires to acquire the right and licence to use the above-mentioned technical assistance for the purpose of manufacturing, using and selling such products; and whereas Party B desires to use the following trademarks owned by Party A. Now Therefore, the parties hereby agree as follows:3.版权是一种无形资产。
正如其字面所示，它所拥有的是一种权利。
这种权利包括两个方面，即复制权和对复制权的使用控制。
版权是对作品创造者实行的一种法律保护。
最初仅限于对书籍方面，而今已扩大到对各种杂志、报纸、地图、戏剧、电影、电视节目、电脑软件、绘画、图片、雕塑、音乐作品、舞蹈动作设计等类作品的保护。
实质上，版权保护的是知识或艺术财产。
版权这种财产与众不同，因为它旨在为公众所利用，为公众所享受。
如果一个读者买一本版权受保护的书，这本书就归其所有。
但是如果他将此书复制或散发，那便属违法，因为这种权利属出版商、作者或拥有其版权的人所有。
3. Copyright is an intangible form of property. What is owned, as the word suggests, is a right. This right has two aspects-the right to copy and the right to control copying. Copyright is a legal protection extended to those who produce creative works. Originally only for books, copyright now extends to magazines, newspapers, maps, plays, motion pictures, television programs, computer program software, paintings, photographs, sculpture, musical compositions, choreographed dances, and similar works. Essentially a copyright protects an intellectual or artistic property.This type of property is unusual because it is normally intended for public use or enjoyment. If an individual buys a copyrighted book, it belongs to him as an object. But making copies of it to sell or give away is illegal. This right belongs to the publisher，author, or whoever holds the copyright.4.承租人同意将所租建筑保持良好状态，并不得任其损坏。
如果承租人对出租房屋作任何调整或增添任何设施，事先必须征得出租人的书面同意。
房内任何增添和装修过的设施都成为出租人的财产，而且承租人不得以此向出租人提出补偿要求。
如果发生火灾，本租赁合同立即终止。
4.The Lessee agrees to maintain the leased building in good condition and shall not allow it to further deteriorate. Any modifications or additions carried out on the leased building by the Lessee may be done only with the Lessor's prior written permission. Any new structure resulting from modification, addition or repair to the leased building becomes the property of the Lessor, and the Lessee cannot claim any damages. This lease contract is terminated should theleased building be subject to a fire disaster.5.阐述了2000年以来，中国经济和能源快速增长的态势，以及能源消费构成变化情况和石油消费形式，探讨了2050年前几种不同情境下的中国经济增长前景、能源消费增长趋势、能源消费构成变化趋势和石油需求总量。
5.This paperillustrates the rapid growth of china’s economy and energy consumption, the change of energy consumption structure and the situation of oil consumption since 2000. It also discussed the prospect of china's economic growth,the increasing trend of energy consumption, the changing trend of energy consumption structure and the total demand of oil in different situations before 2050.6.加速发展常规天然气、页岩气、煤层气等气体能源，即能缓解我国面临的能源安全、环境保护和减排等多重压力，又能培育新的经济增长点。
为此应提升气体能源在我国能源战略中的地位，加快能源领域的市场改革，建立完善准入和矿业权管理制度，放宽气体能源的行业标准，改革能源价格形成机制，并加大对页岩气开采等技术开发的支持，从而改变我国能源供应和消费的结构，支持可持续发展和生态文明建设。
The accelerating development of gas energy such as natural gas, shale gas and coalbed methane can relieve pressures from energy security, environmental protection and emission reduction as well as create new economic growth points.Therefore, methods such as promoting the position of gas energy in energy strategy, accelerating the market reform in energy field, establishing and perfecting themanagement system of access and mining right, relaxing the industry standard of gas energy, reforming energy price forming mechanism and increasing the support of key shale gas extraction technologies should be taken to change the structure of energy supply and consumption in our country and support the sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.7.本刊只接受全部用英文写成的稿件。