自动化专业英语全文翻译

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自动化专业英语教程(王宏文)第二版全文翻译

自动化专业英语教程(王宏文)第二版全文翻译

《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文-全文翻译UNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

如果网络不包含能源,如电池或发电机,那么就被称作无源网络。

换句话说,如果存在一个或多个能源,那么组合的结果为有源网络。

在研究电网络的特性时,我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。

因为网络由无源电路元件组成,所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性.就电阻来说,电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出,欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。

在数学上表达为: u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压,伏特;i =电流,安培;R = 电阻,欧姆。

纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义,法拉第定律指出:电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。

因此可得到:U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt = 电流变化率,安培/秒; L = 感应系数,享利。

电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q 。

因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分,因此得到的等式为u= ,式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。

由定义可知,电流等于电荷随时间的变化率,可表示为i = dq/dt。

因此电荷增量dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量,或dq = i dt,那么等式 (1-1A-3) 可写为式中 C = 电容量,法拉。

归纳式(1-1A-1)、(1-1A-2) 和 (1-1A-4)描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-1A-1所示。

注意,图中电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向,因此流过每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向一致。

有源电气元件涉及将其它能量转换为电能,例如,电池中的电能来自其储存的化学能,发电机的电能是旋转电枢机械能转换的结果。

有源电气元件存在两种基本形式:电压源和电流源。

其理想状态为:电压源两端的电压恒定,与从电压源中流出的电流无关。

因为负载变化时电压基本恒定,所以上述电池和发电机被认为是电压源。

另一方面,电流源产生电流,电流的大小与电源连接的负载无关。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, and the field of engineering is no exception. In this document, we will explore the importance of automation in engineering and its impact on various aspects of the industry. We will also provide a detailed analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with automation in engineering. Additionally, we will discuss the significance of specialized English language skills in the automation profession and provide a translated version of the content in Chinese.Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation has revolutionized the engineering industry by enhancing productivity, efficiency, and accuracy. It involves the use of advanced technologies and systems to control and monitor various engineering processes. Automation enables engineers to streamline operations, reduce manual labor, and improve overall performance. It plays a vital role in areas such as manufacturing, construction, energy, transportation, and telecommunications.Benefits of Automation in Engineering:1. Increased Productivity: Automation eliminates repetitive and mundane tasks, allowing engineers to focus on more complex and strategic activities. This leads to increased productivity and faster project completion.2. Improved Efficiency: Automated systems can perform tasks more efficiently than humans, resulting in reduced errors and improved quality of work.3. Enhanced Safety: Automation reduces the risk of accidents and injuries by replacing manual labor with machines in hazardous environments.4. Cost Savings: By automating processes, companies can reduce labor costs, minimize waste, and optimize resource utilization, leading to significant cost savings.5. Better Decision-Making: Automation provides engineers with real-time data and analytics, enabling them to make informed decisions and optimize processes for better outcomes.Challenges of Automation in Engineering:1. Initial Investment: Implementing automation systems requires a significant upfront investment in technology, infrastructure, and training.2. Technological Complexity: Automation involves advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, which require specialized knowledge and expertise to operate and maintain.3. Workforce Adaptability: Automation may lead to job displacement and require the workforce to acquire new skills to adapt to the changing industry landscape.4. Cybersecurity Risks: With increased reliance on interconnected systems, the risk of cyber threats and data breaches becomes a significant concern in automated engineering environments.Importance of Specialized English Language Skills in Automation:English language proficiency is crucial for professionals in the automation field due to the global nature of the industry. Engineers need to communicate effectively with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders from different countries. Additionally, technical documentation, research papers, and industry standards are often written in English. Proficiency in specialized English terminology related to automation is essential for clear and accurate communication.Translation in Chinese (简体中文翻译):工程自动化的重要性:自动化在各个行业中都发挥着重要作用,工程领域也不例外。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言概述:自动化是现代工程技术领域中的重要学科,它涉及到自动控制系统、机器人技术、传感器技术等多个领域。

在自动化专业中,学习和掌握英语是必不可少的,因为英语是国际通用语言,也是自动化领域中的重要交流工具。

本文将介绍一些常见的自动化专业英语原文和翻译,以帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这些术语。

一、自动化概念及应用1.1 自动化定义英文原文:Automation refers to the use of technology to control and operate processes or systems without human intervention.翻译:自动化是指利用技术来控制和操作过程或系统,无需人为干预。

1.2 自动化应用领域英文原文:Automation is widely applied in manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and many other industries.翻译:自动化广泛应用于制造业、交通运输、医疗保健等许多行业。

1.3 自动化优势英文原文:Automation offers advantages such as increased productivity, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety.翻译:自动化提供了增加生产力、提高效率和增强安全性等优势。

二、自动控制系统2.1 自动控制系统定义英文原文:An automatic control system is a set of devices that manage and regulate the behavior of a system or process automatically.翻译:自动控制系统是一组设备,能够自动管理和调节系统或过程的行为。

2.2 自动控制系统组成英文原文:An automatic control system consists of sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks.翻译:自动控制系统由传感器、执行器、控制器和通信网络组成。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Manufacturing Industry: An OverviewIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing industry, revolutionizing production processes and enhancing efficiency. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of automation in the manufacturing sector, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects. It also includes a translation of the text into English.Section 1: Definition and Importance of AutomationAutomation refers to the use of technology and machinery to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In the manufacturing industry, automation is essential for streamlining operations, reducing costs, and improving product quality. It allows companies to achieve higher production rates, increased precision, and improved safety standards.Section 2: Benefits of Automation in Manufacturing2.1 Increased ProductivityAutomation enables manufacturers to produce goods at a faster rate, leading to increased productivity. With the use of advanced robotics and machinery, repetitive tasks can be performed efficiently, allowing workers to focus on more complex and creative aspects of production.2.2 Enhanced Quality ControlAutomated systems ensure consistency and accuracy in manufacturing processes, leading to improved product quality. By minimizing human error, automation reduces defects and variations, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and reduced waste.2.3 Cost ReductionAutomation helps in reducing labor costs by replacing manual work with machines and robots. Although initial investment costs may be high, long-term savings are significant due to increased efficiency and reduced dependence on human labor.2.4 Improved Workplace SafetyAutomation eliminates the need for workers to perform hazardous or physically demanding tasks. Robots and machines can handle tasks that pose risks to human health and safety, thereby reducing workplace accidents and injuries.2.5 Increased FlexibilityAutomated systems can be easily reprogrammed to adapt to changing production requirements. This flexibility allows manufacturers to respond quickly to market demands, introduce new products, and customize production processes.Section 3: Challenges in Implementing Automation3.1 Initial InvestmentImplementing automation requires substantial capital investment for purchasing and integrating machinery, software, and training. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may face financial constraints in adopting automation technologies.3.2 Workforce AdaptationAutomation may lead to job displacement, as certain tasks previously performed by humans are now handled by machines. Companies need to provide training and re-skilling opportunities to ensure a smooth transition for their workforce.3.3 Technical ComplexityAutomation systems often involve complex integration of various technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. Companies must have skilled personnel capable of managing and maintaining these systems effectively.Section 4: Future Trends in Automation4.1 Collaborative RobotsCollaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans, assisting them in tasks that require precision and strength. These robots can improve productivity and safety by working in close proximity to humans without the need for extensive safety measures.4.2 Internet of Things (IoT) IntegrationThe integration of automation systems with the Internet of Things allows for real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. IoT enables seamless communication between machines, sensors, and data analytics platforms, leading to predictive maintenance and optimized production.4.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)AI technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, enable automation systems to learn and adapt to new situations. AI-powered robots can analyze data, make decisions, and perform complex tasks with minimal human intervention, revolutionizing the manufacturing industry.Conclusion:Automation has become an integral part of the manufacturing industry, offering numerous benefits such as increased productivity, enhanced quality control, cost reduction, improved workplace safety, and increased flexibility. While challenges exist, such as initial investment and workforce adaptation, the future of automation looks promising with the emergence of collaborative robots, IoT integration, and artificial intelligence. Embracing automation technologies will undoubtedly pave the way for a more efficient and competitive manufacturing sector.Translation:自动化在制造业中的应用:概述简介:自动化在制造业中扮演着重要的角色,革新了生产过程,提高了效率。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言概述:自动化专业是现代工程技术领域中的重要学科,涵盖了自动控制系统、机器人技术、工业自动化等多个方面。

在学习和实践中,掌握和理解自动化专业的英文术语和翻译是非常重要的。

本文将从五个大点出发,详细阐述自动化专业英语原文和翻译的相关内容。

正文内容:1. 自动控制系统(Automatic Control System)1.1 控制器(Controller)1.2 传感器(Sensor)1.3 执行器(Actuator)1.4 反馈(Feedback)1.5 稳定性(Stability)2. 机器人技术(Robotics)2.1 机器人(Robot)2.2 机械臂(Manipulator)2.3 传感器(Sensor)2.4 视觉系统(Vision System)2.5 自主导航(Autonomous Navigation)3. 工业自动化(Industrial Automation)3.1 自动化生产线(Automated Production Line)3.2 人机界面(Human-Machine Interface)3.3 传感器网络(Sensor Network)3.4 电气控制(Electrical Control)3.5 数据采集(Data Acquisition)4. 自动化软件(Automation Software)4.1 PLC编程(PLC Programming)4.2 HMI设计(HMI Design)4.3 数据分析(Data Analysis)4.4 模拟仿真(Simulation)4.5 系统集成(System Integration)5. 自动化工程(Automation Engineering)5.1 项目管理(Project Management)5.2 自动化设计(Automation Design)5.3 系统调试(System Debugging)5.4 故障诊断(Fault Diagnosis)5.5 性能优化(Performance Optimization)总结:综上所述,自动化专业英语原文和翻译是自动化工程师必备的技能之一。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, including the field of engineering. It involves the use of advanced technology and machinery to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In this text, we will explore the significance of automation in the engineering sector and discuss its benefits and applications.1. Importance of Automation in Engineering:Automation has revolutionized the engineering industry by enhancing productivity, efficiency, and safety. It allows engineers to streamline processes, reduce errors, and optimize resource utilization. By automating repetitive and mundane tasks, engineers can focus on more complex and creative aspects of their work. This leads to improved project outcomes and overall customer satisfaction.2. Applications of Automation in Engineering:2.1 Industrial Automation:In manufacturing industries, automation is extensively used to control and monitor various processes. It involves the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), robots, and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. These technologies enable precise and consistent manufacturing, resulting in higher product quality, reduced production time, and increased output.2.2 Process Automation:Automation is also applied in process industries such as oil refineries, chemical plants, and power plants. It involves the use of distributed control systems (DCS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These systems automate the monitoring and control of complex processes, ensuring efficient and safe operation.Automation minimizes the risk of human errors and improves the overall reliability and productivity of these industries.2.3 Building Automation:In the construction and building management sector, automation is employed to control and regulate various systems within buildings. This includes HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), lighting, security, and energy management systems. Automation optimizes energy usage, enhances occupant comfort, and improves the overall operational efficiency of buildings.3. Advantages of Automation in Engineering:3.1 Increased Efficiency:Automation eliminates manual intervention, reducing the time required to complete tasks. This leads to increased efficiency and higher productivity in engineering processes. For example, automated assembly lines can produce products at a faster rate compared to manual assembly, thereby reducing production time and costs.3.2 Improved Accuracy and Precision:Automation ensures consistent and precise execution of tasks, minimizing errors caused by human factors. This is particularly crucial in industries where precision is vital, such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing. Automated systems can perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy, resulting in improved product quality and reliability.3.3 Enhanced Safety:Automation reduces the risk of accidents and injuries in the engineering industry. By replacing humans in hazardous or physically demanding tasks, automation improves workplace safety. For instance, robots can handle tasks involving heavy lifting or exposure to harmful substances, protecting workers from potential harm.3.4 Cost Savings:While initial investments in automation technologies may be significant, they often result in long-term cost savings. Automation reduces labor costs by minimizing the need for manual labor and increasing operational efficiency. Moreover, automation optimizes resource utilization, reduces waste, and lowers maintenance costs, leading to overall cost savings for engineering companies.4. Challenges and Considerations:4.1 Skill Requirements:The implementation of automation technologies requires skilled engineers who can design, develop, and maintain automated systems. Companies need to invest in training their workforce to adapt to the changing technological landscape and ensure a smooth transition to automation.4.2 Integration and Compatibility:Integrating automation systems with existing infrastructure and equipment can be challenging. Compatibility issues may arise between different automation components and software, requiring careful planning and coordination. It is essential to ensure seamless integration to maximize the benefits of automation.4.3 Security Concerns:As automation involves the use of interconnected systems and networks, cybersecurity becomes a critical consideration. Engineering companies must implement robust security measures to protect against potential cyber threats and ensure the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive data.Conclusion:Automation has become an integral part of the engineering industry, enabling increased productivity, efficiency, and safety. From industrial manufacturing to building management, automation offers numerous benefits, including improved accuracy, reduced costs, and enhanced workplace safety. However, it is crucial to address challenges such as skill requirements, integration issues, and cybersecurity concerns tosuccessfully implement automation in engineering processes. Embracing automation will undoubtedly pave the way for a more advanced and sustainable future in the field of engineering.。

自动化专业英语 原文和翻译 P1U5

自动化专业英语 原文和翻译 P1U5

第五单元A Types of DC Motors直流电机分类The types of commercially available DC motors basically fall into four categories: ⑴permanent-magnet DC motors, ⑵series-wound DC motors, ⑶shunt-wound DC motors, and ⑷compound-wound DC motors. Each of these motors has different characteristics due to its basic circuit arrangement and physical properties.[1]现在可以买到的直流电机基本上有四种:⑴永磁直流电机,⑵串励直流电机,⑶并励直流电机,⑷复励直流电机。

每种类型的电动机由于其基本电路和物理特性的不同而具有不同的机械特性。

Permanent-magnet DC Motors永磁直流电机The permanent-magnet DC motors, shown in Fig. 1-5A-1, is constructed in the same manner as its DC generator counterpart. The permanent-magnet DC motor is used for low-torque applications.When this type of motor is used, the DC power supply is connected directly to the armature conductors through the brush/commutator assembly. The magnetic field is produced by permanent magnets mounted on the stator. The rotor of permanent magnet motors is a wound armature.永磁直流电机,如图Fig. 1-5A-1所示,是用与直流发电机同样的方法建造的。

自动化专业英语教程(王宏文)第二版全文翻译

自动化专业英语教程(王宏文)第二版全文翻译

《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文-全文翻译PART 1Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2Control TheoryUNIT 1A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 UNIT 2A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31 UNIT 3A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33 UNIT 4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in AutomationUNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

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《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文主编-全文翻译PART 1Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2Control TheoryUNIT 1A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29 UNIT 2A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31 UNIT 3A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33 UNIT 4A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in AutomationUNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

如果网络不包含能源,如电池或发电机,那么就被称作无源网络。

换句话说,如果存在一个或多个能源,那么组合的结果为有源网络。

在研究电网络的特性时,我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。

因为网络由无源电路元件组成,所以必须首先定义这些元件的电特性.就电阻来说,电压-电流的关系由欧姆定律给出,欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。

在数学上表达为: u=iR (1-1A-1)式中 u=电压,伏特;i =电流,安培;R = 电阻,欧姆。

纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义,法拉第定律指出:电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。

因此可得到:U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt = 电流变化率,安培/秒; L = 感应系数,享利。

电容两端建立的电压正比于电容两极板上积累的电荷q 。

因为电荷的积累可表示为电荷增量dq的和或积分,因此得到的等式为 u= ,式中电容量C是与电压和电荷相关的比例常数。

由定义可知,电流等于电荷随时间的变化率,可表示为i = dq/dt。

因此电荷增量dq 等于电流乘以相应的时间增量,或dq = i dt,那么等式 (1-1A-3) 可写为式中 C = 电容量,法拉。

归纳式(1-1A-1)、(1-1A-2) 和 (1-1A-4)描述的三种无源电路元件如图1-1A-1所示。

注意,图中电流的参考方向为惯用的参考方向,因此流过每一个元件的电流与电压降的方向一致。

有源电气元件涉及将其它能量转换为电能,例如,电池中的电能来自其储存的化学能,发电机的电能是旋转电枢机械能转换的结果。

有源电气元件存在两种基本形式:电压源和电流源。

其理想状态为:电压源两端的电压恒定,与从电压源中流出的电流无关。

因为负载变化时电压基本恒定,所以上述电池和发电机被认为是电压源。

另一方面,电流源产生电流,电流的大小与电源连接的负载无关。

虽然电流源在实际中不常见,但其概念的确在表示借助于等值电路的放大器件,比如晶体管中具有广泛应用。

电压源和电流源的符号表示如图1-1A-2所示。

分析电网络的一般方法是网孔分析法或回路分析法。

应用于此方法的基本定律是基尔霍夫第一定律,基尔霍夫第一定律指出:一个闭合回路中的电压代数和为0,换句话说,任一闭合回路中的电压升等于电压降。

网孔分析指的是:假设有一个电流——即所谓的回路电流——流过电路中的每一个回路,求每一个回路电压降的代数和,并令其为零。

考虑图1-1A-3a 所示的电路,其由串联到电压源上的电感和电阻组成,假设回路电流i ,那么回路总的电压降为因为在假定的电流方向上,输入电压代表电压升的方向,所以输电压在(1-1A-5)式中为负。

因为电流方向是电压下降的方向,所以每一个无源元件的压降为正。

利用电阻和电感压降公式,可得等式(1-1A-6)是电路电流的微分方程式。

或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。

正如图1-1A-1指出的用积分代替式(1-1A-6)中的i,可得1-1A-7B 三相电路三相电路不过是三个单相电路的组合。

因为这个事实,所以平衡三相电路的电流、电压和功率关系可通过在三相电路的组合元件中应用单相电路的规则来研究。

这样看来,三相电路比单相电路的分析难不了多少。

使用三相电路的原因在单相电路中,功率本身是脉动的。

在功率因数为1时,单相电路的功率值每个周波有两次为零。

当功率因数小于1时,功率在每个周波的部分时间里为负。

虽然供给三相电路中每一相的功率是脉动的,但可证明供给平衡三相电路的总功率是恒定的。

基于此,总的来说三相电气设备的特性优于类似的单相电气设备的特性。

三相供电的机械和控制设备与相同额定容量的单相供电的设备相比:体积小,重量轻,效率高。

除了三相系统提供的上述优点,三相电的传输需要的铜线仅仅是同样功率大小单相电传输所需铜线的3/4。

三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120°电角度的电动势供电。

这样的三相正弦电动势如图 1-1B-1 所示。

这些电动势由交流发电机的三套独立电枢线圈产生,这三套线圈安装在发电机电枢上,互相之间相差120°电角度。

线圈的头尾可以从发电机中全部引出,组成三个独立的单相电路。

然而一般线圈无论在内部或在外部均会相互连接,形成三线或四线三相系统。

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