北京科技大学考博英语真题常见分词及其解析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：52
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。
句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。
根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。
主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。
句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。
根据句意可知D项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第20期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Diesel engines provide excellent mileage, but they are relatively noisy and their acceleration is sluggish.问题1选项A.unevenB.loudC.slowD.hard【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
sluggish表示“萧条的，迟钝的”；A项uneven“不均匀的，不平坦的”，B 项loud“大声的，喧闹的”，C项slow“慢的，减速的”，D项hard“努力的，硬的”。
句意：柴油发动机提供优良的里程，但它们相对嘈杂，加速缓慢。
根据句意可知，sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”，四个选项中只有slow符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题It was（）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.问题1选项A.imminentB.eminentC.precedentD.prudent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。
根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。
句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。
故该题选择B 项正确。
2.单选题This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.问题1选项A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。
句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：13
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont, Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.1. According to Alley the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming（）.2. Alley’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by（）.3. The word “upbeat” (in Paragraph 3) probably means（）.4. What does Alley suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?5. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into（）.问题1选项A.can be easedtB.can be endedtC.will become worsetD.will last for decadest问题2选项A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternstB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternstC.humans’ burning of fossil fueltD.increasing levels of carbon dioxidet问题3选项A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet问题4选项A.To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.tB.To start a political, scientific and economic debate.tC.To take action to burn no fossil fuels.tD.To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.t问题5选项A.a region like SiberiatB.a warmer and warmer placetC.a tropical regiontD.a place like North Pole【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to（）the mysterious murder.问题1选项e throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项come through“经历，安然度过”，B项look into“调查，观察”，C项make over“转让，移交”，D项see to“注意，负责”。
根据前面的关键词detective and his assistant （侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。
句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。
故该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
at times表示“有时，偶尔”；A项on occasion“有时，偶尔”，B项at present“目前，现在”，C项by now“到目前为止”，D项for sure“确实，毫无疑问”。
句意：关于谁将接管公司，不时有一些猜测。
根据句意可知，选择A项正确。
3.单选题Poverty and i nadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其精解
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其精解1.The studies show that the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is likely to have an automobile accident than the driver who does not take any alcohol.A.not soB.not muchC.no lessD.no more2.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery,and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine, that seems merciful criminal.A.neverthelessB.otherwiseC.or elseD.rather than3.When we arrived,he found the aged and the sick at home.A.none butB.none other thanC.nothing butD.no other than4.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,are suggested by the local government,will be seriously considered here.A.asB.whileC.afterD.since5.Most of is on American television are programs designed to appeal to people who go into the supermarkets and buy the products that are advertised on TV.A.whichB.thatC.whateverD.what6.To understand the situation completely requires more thought than thus far.A.has givenB.was givenC.being givenD.has been given7.Of great significance the nation-wide movement is the Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggression of the Vietnamese.A.to supportB.for supportingC.supportingD.of supporting8.Many farmers came to the city,jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.A.looking forB.to look forC.having looked forD.looked for9.It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school.A.must sendB.sendC.are to sendD.need send10.You her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.A.needn’t have seenB.might have seenC.must have seenD.can’t have seen答案解析：1.Dno more…than…“不比……更……”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第63期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。
initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。
句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。
根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Ships passing on the high seas exchanged salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. 问题1选项rmation tB.ceremonies tC.greetings tD.privileges 【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
salute表示“敬礼，致敬”；A项information“信息”，B项ceremony“仪式，典礼”，C项greeting“招呼，问候”，D项privilege“特权”。
句意：在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。
根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。
3.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候，及时”；A项at proper time“在适当的时候”，B项of course“当然”，C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D项sooner or later“迟早，早晚”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：50
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Wheat yield in Europe is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In these simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant growth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being significant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and modeling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that greater efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, especially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more remains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variability and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding the message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels used for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of climate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffice.Studies of the length of a data set is necessary to detect a real change in the mean against a background of variability, for example for detection of trends in total ozone or river flow, indicate that even if the change is real, it may need to have happened for decades before it can be shown statistically to have occurred. In cases such as estimation of flood frequency and of the occurrence of moisture stress in crops, what is needed to identify futur e “dangerous” levels of climate change, or to plan adaptation measures, is an estimate of changes in the probability of such effects before they happen.1. According to the study, high wheat yields in Europe most significantly need（）.2. A high level of confidence is needed when we（）.3. To identify the possible future impacts of climate change, scientists（）.4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? 问题1选项A.higher temperaturetB.heavy rainfalltC.higher CO2 concentrationstD.natural climate changet问题2选项A.take it as a given that climate change is occurringte “detectability” as an evidence of climate changetC.decide if the information is useful for decision-makerstD.estimate the scope of wheat yields increasest问题3选项A.only need an idealized laboratorytB.may spend years to obtain and analyze valid statistical evidencetC.plan adaptation measures after the change occurstD.set new climate modelst问题4选项A.Ways of improving Wheat Yields in EuropetB.Climate Change and Wheat YieldstC.Statistical Evidence of Climate ChangetD.Simulated Experiments on River Flowt问题5选项A.It is important to detect trends in total ozone or river flow.tB.It takes decades to detect climate change statistically.tC.What is more important is to plan adaptation measures against bad effects of climate change.tD.Wheat yield is closely related to climate.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
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北京科技大学考博英语真题常见分词及其解析一、分词的否定式分词或分词短语表示否定意义时，将not置于分词之前，不能放在分词之后。
例句：Equipment not conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.(2001年第24题)分析：该句是简单句。
not conforming to official safety standards 是分词短语作后置定语修饰equipment。
译文：凡是不符合官方安全标准的设备都已经搬出了车间。
例句：Not having been destroyed by the heavy snow，our houses at last were kept perfect during last winter.分析：该句是简单句。
Not having been destroyed by...在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because our houses had not been destroyed by...。
译文：由于没有遭到大雪的破坏，去年冬天我们的房子最终完好无损。
二、独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致，即句子的主语便是它的逻辑主语，否则就会出现悬垂或荡空结构(前面已讲过)，但有时分词有其独立的逻辑主语，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，这就是独立主格结构。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
(一)独立主格结构公式逻辑主语A+分词(短语)+主B谓在上述公式中，其中(逻辑主语+分词短语)属于独立主格结构，主谓是一完整句子，两者位置可以相互调换，A、B两主语不一致(A、B由名词或代词充当，有时也可在逻辑主语A前加上介词with或without)，如前面所述例句。
例句：All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm，we decided to take the train.分析：All flights...the snowstorm是独立主格结构部分，we decided...为一完整句子，all flights和we所指不一样，即分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。
另外，公式中分词短语也可用不定式、形容词等来代替。
(二)独立主格结构具体构成1.逻辑主语+分词(现在分词或过去分词)例句：The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each making one major point in contrast with the other.(1996年第5题)分析：该句是简单句。
分词each making...在句中作同位语，对two news reports做进一步解释，可以改成...two news reports,and each makes...。
译文：本文开头和结尾描述了两则新闻报道，每则都各有一个与另一则相对立的论点。
例句：A new technique worked out，the yields as a whole increased by20percent.分析：该句是简单句，A new technique worked out是一独立主格，在句中作状语表示原因，可改为because a new technique had been worked out。
译文：由于进行了技术创新，整个产量增加了20%。
2.逻辑主语+介词短语例句：Mr.Chen stood there，(with)a cap on his head.分析：该句是简单句。
(with)a cap on his head在句中作状语表示伴随，相当于and a cap was on his head.译文：陈先生站在那里，头上戴了一顶帽子。
3.with/without+逻辑主语+分词例句：Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system，so does the value of a computer system increase with each program turns out.(1997年第7题)分析：该句是并列句。
其中with each new phone added to the system 相当于because each new phone has been added...。
so does...为一倒装结构，表示前面所陈述情况适合于后者。
译文：正像网络电话的价值随着每一部新电话进入系统而提高一样，电脑系统的价值也随着每一个软件的开发而提高。
例句：With prices fluctuating so much，it s hard for the company to plan a budget.分析：该句是简单句。
With prices fluctuating so much在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because/since/as prices fluctuate so much。
译文：由于价格波动太大，公司难以做出预算。
例句：Without anything left in the kitchen，he had to go out to get something to eat.分析：该句是简单句，Without anything left in the kitchen在句中作状语表示原因，相当于because there were not anything left in thekitchen。
译文：由于厨房里什么都没有，他不得不出去找吃的。
例句：When I came to my senses，I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room，with grandma bending over me.(2000年第28题)分析：该句是复合句。
独立主格结构with grandma bending over me 在句中作状语表示伴随，相当于and grandma bent over me。
译文：当我苏醒过来时，发现自己躺在那间小房子的床上，身上被盖得严严实实的，奶奶正俯身注视着我。
例句：For much of the past year，President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving account model，with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.(选自2007年Text3)分析：该句是简单句。
主干部分为President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving account model，其中不定式to move...model 作目的状语，with retirees trading much or all of...在句中作同位语，对前面名词model做补充说明，相当于and retirees traded much or all of...，分词短语depending on investment returns作定语修饰payments。
译文：在过去这些年里，布什总统一直在推动一场运动，试图将社会保障体制改革成储蓄账号模式，就是让退休人员用其所得到的大部分或全部退休金换取由投资所带来的收益。
4.逻辑主语+不定式例句：The football game ended with Chinese team defeated，the details to be reported this afternoon.分析：该句是简单句。
the details to be reported this afternoon 在句中作状语表示伴随，相当于and the details were to be...。
译文：足球比赛以中国队失败而告终，详细情况会在下午公布。
5.逻辑主语+形容词/副词例句：Teachers and students stared at each other，their eyes full of doubt.分析：该句是简单句。
their eyes full of doubt在句中作状语表示伴随，相当于and their eyes were full of doubt。
译文：师生们互相注视着，满脸狐疑。
例句：Breakfast over，students went out the dining room one by one.分析：该句是简单句。
breakfast over在句中作状语表示时间，相当于When/After breakfast was over.译文：早饭结束后，学生们相继走出餐厅。
(三)独立主格结构用法1.表示时间例句：The heavy rain being over，the soldiers went on their way. (When/After the heavy rain was over...)分析：该句是简单句。
the heavy rain being over在句中作状语表示时间。
译文：大雨过后，士兵们继续赶路。
2.表示原因例句：An important lecture to be given tomorrow,the professor has to stay up late into the night.(Because an important lecture isto be given tomorrow,...)分析：该句是简单句。
an important lecture to be given tomorrow 在句中作状语表示原因。
译文：因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
3.表示条件例句：Everything taken into consideration，her plan seems more practicable.(If everything is taken into consideration，...)分析：该句是简单句。