口译笔译分类词汇(15)--科学技术词汇
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇1.科技园science and technology park2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones3.信息产业IT (Information Technology)4.电器设备electrical appliance5.电子设备electronic device6.电子商务e-commerce7.人工智能artificial intelligience8.先进技术advanced technology9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology10.载人航天飞行manned space flight11.发射成功successful launch12.自然科学natural science13.新兴学科new branch of science14.科技成果research achievements15.科学发展观concept of scientific development16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure19.专利，专利权patent20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture21.物种起源origin of species22.生物工程bio-technology23.基因工程genetic engineering24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)25.技术产权technology property right26.科技含量technology content27.电脑病毒computer virus28.黑客hacker29.垃圾邮件junk mail30.数码科技digital technology31.虚拟社区virtual community32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture33.网民netizen34.克隆cloning 激光laser35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds38.技术创新technological innovation39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces.41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions。
科技英语翻译必读(十五)
Translating Skills 名词的翻译科技英语中的名词包括专业名词和普通名词。
专业名词的翻译有一定的规律可循；普通名词(包括半技术词)因其在不同专业领域有特定的涵义，呈现多义性。
有些名词因其所处的语法位置不同，在英译汉时，应根据前后逻辑关系适当进行词类转换和词义引申。
专业名词的翻译1. 意译意译是根据专业名词的涵义进行翻译，使译入语符合汉语的习惯，便于进行专业学习研究，容易被读者理解。
如：semiconductor 半导体 digital computer 数字计算机loudspeaker 扬声器 superconductor 超导体NC (numerical control) 数控 preamplifier 前置放大器AC(alternate current) 交流电 modem 调制解调器Bandwidth 带宽 LAN (local area network) 局域网Avalanche diode 雪崩二极管 PDA(personal digital assistant) 掌上电脑2. 音译音译是根据英文的正确读音，用发音相同或相近的若干汉字进行翻译。
当出现由几个词组合、缩写而来的专业名词、计量单位名称、新出现的材料名称、人名和地名时，专业名词常采用音译或音意结合译法，选字时尽量避免不必要的意义联想和褒贬意味，以求准确。
Radar 雷达(radio detection and ranging 无线电探测及测距设备) Sonar 声纳(sound navigation and ranging 声波导航与测距设备)Bit 比特(二进制信息单位)Watt 瓦特(功率，辐射通量)Nylon 尼龙(酰胺纤维)Logic 逻辑Einstein equation 爱因斯坦方程Rifle 来复枪Ballet 芭蕾舞Aspirin 阿司匹林Vitamin 维他命(维生素)3. 像译像译是根据专业名词所表示事物的外部特征，直接具体形象地翻译出来，准确传达出原文的信息。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十五单元_科技 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英
无绳电话 第三代移动式电话 手机用户 来电显示电话机 能上网的手机 移动电话双向收费 手机入网费 电话卡
级配套训练 第十五单元 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英
科
技
the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements reach or approach advanced international standards be geared to international standards; be brought in line with international practice (norms) improve the ranks (the contingent) of the scientific and technical personnel academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering a research institute popularize science and technology newly-risen high-tech industries high-tech park gain 16 major (key) research results turning laboratory achievements into commercial / mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements scientific and technological consulting service (consultancy) Zhongguancun High-Tech Zone is known as China's Silicion Valley. moon probe satellite; lunar exploration satellite; lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 lunar probe; Chang'e 1 lunar satellite launch pad Long March V carrier rocket / launch vehicle the earth-moon transfer orbit orbital transfer circle the moon lande on the moon
CATTI笔译三级常用英语词汇
CATTI笔译三级常用英语词汇1.日常生活用语购物：shopping, store, mall, supermarket, convenience store 出行：traffic, transportation, public transportation, taxi, bus餐饮：restaurant, cafeteria, eatery, food court, fast food住宿：hotel, inn, motel, hostel, lodging娱乐：entertainment, recreation, amusement, gaming, cinema 2.科学技术词汇计算机：computer, PC, laptop, desktop, server网络：internet, website, webpage, network, bandwidth通信：communication, phone, mobile phone, fax, email航空：aviation, airplane, helicopter, airliner, airport3.商业和经济词汇公司：company, corporation, firm, enterprise, business企业：enterprise, firm, company, corporation, business市场：market, trade, commerce, bazaar, mart贸易：trade, commerce, business, exchange, dealt4.政治和法律词汇政府：government, administrative body, authority, regime法律：law, legal, jurisprudence, jurisprudent, legal system政策：policy, programme, strategy, plan of action, platform监管：regulation, supervision, licensing, control,监测5.文化和艺术词汇文学：literature, literary works, poem, novel, short story艺术：art, fine art, painting, sculpture, dance娱乐：entertainment, recreation, amusement, gaming, cinema休闲：leisure, relaxation, entertainment, pastime, holiday6.环境和生态词汇环境：environment, natural environment, ecological environment生态：ecology, ecosphere, ecosystem, biosphere保护：conservation, protection, safeguardment of natural resources 可持续利用：sustainable use of natural resources utilization for future generations unimpaired ecological balance diversification of production methods (S.S.Chaudhari et al. 2019) (哦哦编辑注：（该部分存在缺少空格或标点的问题，已做修正。
catti大纲词汇
catti大纲词汇CATTI（全国翻译专业资格考试）是中国的一项翻译资格考试，涵盖了广泛的词汇范围。
以下是一些常见的CATTI大纲词汇：1. 经济类词汇，GDP（国内生产总值）、inflation（通货膨胀）、trade deficit（贸易逆差）、tariff（关税）、exchange rate（汇率）等。
2. 政治类词汇，democracy（民主）、dictatorship（独裁）、diplomacy（外交）、legislation（立法）、constitution（宪法）等。
3. 科技类词汇，artificial intelligence（人工智能）、biotechnology（生物技术）、nanotechnology（纳米技术）、cybersecurity（网络安全）等。
4. 文化类词汇，literature（文学）、music（音乐）、art（艺术）、heritage（遗产）、tradition（传统）等。
5. 环境类词汇，climate change（气候变化）、pollution（污染）、sustainability（可持续性）、renewable energy（可再生能源）等。
6. 教育类词汇，curriculum（课程）、academic（学术的）、pedagogy（教育学）、plagiarism（抄袭）等。
7. 医疗类词汇，pandemic（大流行病）、vaccine（疫苗）、epidemic（流行病）、symptom（症状）、diagnosis（诊断）等。
8. 法律类词汇，constitution（宪法）、judiciary（司法机关）、criminal law（刑法）、civil law（民法）、contract（合同）等。
这些词汇只是CATTI考试中的一小部分，考生还需要广泛掌握其他领域的词汇，如历史、社会等。
请注意，CATTI考试的大纲和词汇可能会根据不同年份有所变化，建议考生及时查阅最新的考试大纲和参考资料。
科技翻译术语
科学技术教育与培训（S&T education and training）科学素养(Scientific Literacy)可视图文（Visual pictures and literature）空间站（space station）空中交通管制（air traffic control—ATC）蓝色农业（blue agriculture）蓝牙技术(Bluetooth)立体农业（stereo farming）量子纠缠（Quantum Entanglement量子密码术(Quantum cryptography)量子隐形传送(Quantum Teleportation)硫污染（Pollution by Sulfur）绿色GDP（Green GDP）绿色纤维（Lyocell fibre）绿箱政策（GreenBox Policies）密钥加密技术（Key Encryption Technology）敏捷制造（Agile Manufacturing）(20030731)纳米材料(nano material)与纳米粒子(nanoparticle)纳米机器人（NanoRobot）纳米科学技术（NanoST(Nano Science andTechnology)）纳卫星（Nano-Satellite）农业产业化（AgricultureIndustrialization）欧洲洁净空气”计划（CAFE( Clean “Air For Europerogramme”）贫铀弹(Depleted UraniumBomb)平均无故障工作时间（mean-time-between-failures —MTBF）普适计算（PervasiveComputing）气象卫星（meteorologicalsatellite）千年生态系统评估（Millennium EcosystemAssessment）清洁生产(CleanerProduction)全球定位系统（GlobalPositioning System，简称GPS）全球警报与反应网络(Global Out-break Alert andResponse Network)燃料电池（Fuel Cell）人工乘客（ArtificialPassenger）人类脑计划（Human BrainProject）人文发展指数(HDI)认证中心（CertificateAuthority, 简称CA）柔性制造技术（flexiblemanufacturing technology—FMT）朊毒体（Prion）深空探测(Deep SpaceExploration)生命体征(vital signs)生命体征(vital signs)生态预报（ecologicalforecasting 或ecological）生物安全（Biosafety）生物防治(biologicalcontrol)生物经济（Bio-economy）生物库”计划（“Biobank”Project ）生物入侵(Biological invasion)生物芯片（Biochip）生物信息学（Bioinformatics）生物质能（Biomass Energy）时间旅行（Time Travel）试验发展（Development）受众分割（Audience segmentation）数字地球（Digital Earth ）数字地球（Digital Earth）数字电视(Digital TV，简称DTV)数字鸿沟(Digital Divide)数字化战场（digitizing thebattlefield —DB）数字视频广播（DVB“Digital Video Broadcast”）数字图书馆（DL “DigitalLibrary”）数字显示器（DigitalDisplay）数字现金（Digital Cash）数字音频磁带（DA T“Digital Audio Tape”）数字自然音影技术（DNA“Digital NaturalAudio/Video”）双星计划（Double StarProgramme）水资源（Water Resources）酸雨（Acid Rain）外科手术式打击（Surgicalstrike）网格计算（GridComputing）网络数据库(NetworkDatabase)网络综合症（NetSynthesis）危机管理（CrisisManagement）微机电系统（MicroElectro-Mechanical Systems，MEMS）微流体技术(Microfluidics Technology)温室效应（Greenhouse Effect）物理农业（Physical Agriculture ）严重急性呼吸道综合症(SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)阳光政策（Sunshine policy）遥感（Remote Sensing）遥医学（Telemedicine）液晶(Liquid Crystal)液晶（liquid crystal）液晶显示器（Liquid Crystal Display，LCD）一票否决权（veto power）医学遗传学（medical genetics）医院信息系统(Integrated Hospital Information System,IHIS)移动计算（Mobile Computing）移动上网（W AP）遗传筛查（Genetic Screening）应用研究（Application Research）营养免疫( Nutrition Immunology)有机（生化）纳米材料(Organic (Biochemical) Nanomaterial)预发式计算（Proactive Computing）远程呈现（telepresence）远程医学（Telemedicine）载人航天(Manned Space Flight)载人航天（manned spaceflight）摘菊使者（Daisy Cutter）知识管理（KnowledgeManagement, 简称KM）知识经济（The KnowledgeEconomy）知识与资源管理（KRM：Konwlege & ResourceManagement）脂质体(Liposome)植物全息现象(PlantHolographic Images)中国强制认证（CCC“China CompulsoryCertification”）重组DNA技术（Recombinant DNATechnology）转基因动物（GeneticallyModified Animal）转基因食品（GeneticallyModified Food）准晶（Quasicrystal）准一维纳米材料（Quasi-one-dimensionalNanometer Material）资源安全（ResourceSecurity）自主计算（AutonomicComputing）综合性安全(Comprehensive Security，或非传统安全)总部经济（HeadquartersEconomy）组织培养技术（TissueCulture Technology）太空农业(SpaceAgriculture)太空行走（Walking inspace）太阳风暴（Solar Storm）太阳能(Solar Energy)炭疽(Anthrax)炭疽（anthrax）唐氏综合症（DownsSyndrome）提高战略运算能力计划Accelerated StrategicComputing Initiative，ASCI体细胞遗传学（somaticgenetics）通信卫星（communicationsatellite）太空农业(SpaceAgriculture)太空行走（Walking inspace）太阳风暴（Solar Storm）太阳能(Solar Energy)炭疽(Anthrax)炭疽（anthrax）唐氏综合症（DownsSyndrome）提高战略运算能力计划Accelerated StrategicComputing Initiative，ASCI体细胞遗传学（somaticgenetics）通信卫星（communicationsatellite）白色农业（white agriculture）办公自动化（OA：OfficeAutomation）半导体材料（semiconductor material）比较医学（ComparativeMedicine）并行工程(ConcurrentEngineering)博客（Blog/Blogger）超级网站（Super Website）城市垃圾管理的三C原则（Clean Cycle Control）创新决策权（Authorityinnovation-decisions）磁悬浮列车(MagneticallyLevitated Train)大规模杀伤性武器（Weapons of mass destruction）（陶子）中微子（Tau neutrino ）大科学(Big Science)地球模拟器（Earth Simulator）地球资料卫星（earthresources satellite）地震矩规模（momentmagnitude scale）电子现金(Electronic Cash)电子支票(ElectronicCheck)动漫（Comic andAnimation）都市农业(Urban Agriculture或Agriculture in City Countryside)二恶英”(Dioxin)非典型肺炎（Atypical Pneumonias）分布式计算（Distributed Computing）分布式能源（distributed energy sources）分子遗传学（Moleculargenetics）疯牛病（Mad Cow Disease）干扰素（Interferon）干细胞（Stem Cells）干燥综合征(SjogrenSyndrome,SS)高技术（High Technology,简称Hi-tech）高技术战争（high-techwarfare）高温超导电缆（High-TCSuperconducting Cable）高温超导体（High-TCSuperconductor）公共密钥基础结构(PublicKey Infrastructure，PKI)供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)光纤通信（Optical Fiber Communication）国防高技术（defense high technology）国防关键技术（defense critical technology）国防信息基础结构（DIIDefence InformationInfrastructure）国际空间站（ISS(International SpaceStation)）(20040614)互联网时间（InternetTime）(20030801)。
笔译常用词汇科技
qq8accelerated aging test 加速老化试验acceleration lag 加速滞后acceptance test 验收试验Access Control List (ACL) 访问控制列表access flap 接口盖accessory apparatus 辅助设备access time 存取时间account policies 账号封锁accumulator charge 记账策略accumulator railcar 蓄电池充电accuracy of measurement 电瓶机动车accuracy of reading 测量准确度acidproof 耐酸的acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic signal 音响信号activated substance 激活物质active component 有效部分active load 有效负载administrator account 管理员账号analog computer 模拟计算机ascent/descent stage 上升/下降段batch processing 成批处理binary code 二进制码binary digit 二进制位，二进制数字border gateway 边界网关broadband access 宽频接达buffer storage 缓冲存储器call instruction 呼叫指令card reader 读卡机circuit switched data 电路关键所在数据code division multiple access (CDMA) 码多分址combustion analyzer 压力传感器command line 命令行command module 指令舱commercial online service 商业联机服务com port 串行接口computer-aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计control unit 控制器cyber citizen/netizen 网民cyber city 网络城市cyber crime 网络犯罪data processing 数据处理default route 缺省路由denial of service 拒绝服务dictionary attack 字典式攻击digital business 数字化商业digital control 数字控制digital divide 数字鸿沟directional antenna 定向天线directory replication 目录复制domain name application and registration 申请注册域名earthing transformer 接地变压器elastic collision/control/deformation/scattering 弹性碰撞/控制/变形/散射electric apparatus 电气装置electric control 电力控制emergency oxygen apparatus 应急供氧装置fixed-line penetration 固定电话普及率gaseous pollutant 蒸发排放物gene pool 基因库gene recombination 基因重组genetic code 遗传密码genetic map 遗传图gene transfer 基因转移geostationary/synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星Global Positioning System (GPS) 全球定位系统GPRS: general packet radio service 通用分组无线业务global system for mobile communications (GSM) 全球移动通信系统hacking attacks 黑客攻击headset amplifier 头载式放大器hematopoietic stem cell 造血干细胞high-contrast 高对比度highly-sophisticated technology 高尖端技术human artificial chromosome (HAC) 人工染色体Human Genome Project 人类基因组计划incumbent operator 主导运营商Internet penetration 互联网普及率landing pad 着陆架launch pad 发射台LCD: liquid crystal display 液晶显示life support system 生命维持系统LM-maneuvering rocket 登月舱机动火箭local area network 局域网local network 市内电话网long-distance network 长途电话网long-run incremental cost 长期增量成本lunar module 登月舱management information system 管理信息系统millennium bug 千年虫multipurpose card 多功能卡multistage rocket 多级火箭Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) 乐器数字接口nozzle of the main engine 主发动机喷嘴nuclear reactor 核反应堆optical communication 光通讯packaging service 套餐服务page view 访问量patent application 专利申请pharmaceutical biotechnology 药物生物技术private circuit 专用线路screen saver 屏幕保护service module 服务舱SIM: subscriber identity module 客户身份识别卡site manager 站点管理员smart school 智能学校SMS: short message service 短信服务software development 软件服务space sickness 太空病specification of patent 专利说明书spectrum management 频谱管理state scientific and technological innovation system 国家科技创新体系super-streamlined train 高级流线型列车trunk network 中继局电话网ultrasonic rail detector 超音波钢轨探测器universal service 普遍服务virtual space 虚拟空间voice prompt 语音提示wireless application protocol (WAP) 无线应用协议（即时手机具有上网功能）wireless local area networks (WLANs) 无线局域网zero gravity 零重力When a material is subjected to a tensile or compressive load of sufficient magnitude, it will deform at first elastically and then plastically.当材料受到一定大小的拉伸载荷或压缩载荷时，它首先发生弹性变形，然后发生塑性变形。
口译词汇----科学技术
Science and Technology1.bioengineering 生物工程2.genetic and cell engineering 基因工程3.integrated circuit 集成电路4.virtual reality 虚拟现实5.broadband technology 宽带技术6.intranet 局域网7.cyber-business 网上贸易8.world wide web 万维网9.silicon Valley 硅谷10.Science and technology park 科技园11.high-tech industrial zones高新技术开发区12.SMS (Short Message Service) 短信服务13.MMS (Multi-media Messaging Service) 多媒体信息服务14.pre-paid phone card 储值卡15.roaming 漫游16.DV (digital video) 数码摄影机17.3-D 三维18.LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示屏19.videophones 可视电话20.wireless palm pilots 无限掌上电脑21.IBM (International Business Machine)22.IT (Information Technology) 信息产业23.e-commerce 电子商务24.CAI (Computer- Assisted Instruction) 计算机辅助教学25.CAD (Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计26.artificial intelligience 人工智能27.dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions 科技发明的传播和交流28.advance by leaps and bounds 突飞猛进29.application of scientific research results to industrialproduction 科研成果产业化30.to update the enterprise capabilities for technologicalinnovation 提高企业技术创新能力31.to make sustainable/remarkable progress 取得长足的进步32.the science community and the business community 科技界、企业界33.the Ministry Science and Technology 科技部34.the Chinese Academy of Science 中国科学院35.the Chinese Academy of Engineering 中国工程院36.the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 中国社会科学院37.academician 院士38.prizes/ awards for natural science and technologicalinventions自然科学奖和技术发明奖39.to win the awards for the State Scientific andTechnological Progress 获国家科技进步奖40.the State Science and Technology Achievement Award 国家科技成果奖41.Science and technology constitute the foremost productiveforces科学技术是第一生产力42.China International High-and-New- TechnologyExhibition 中国国际高新技术展览会43.to convert/translate scientific and technological resultsinto actual productive force 把科技成果转化为现实生产力44.the forefront of science and technology 科技前沿45.Li Siguang, who helped China remove the label of beingan oil-poor country甩掉中国贫油帽子的李四光46.Qian Xuesen, known as the “father of Chinese missiles”中国“导弹之父”钱学森47.Qian Sanqiang, who took charge of establishing theInstitute of Atomic Energy 主持建立原子能研究所的钱三强48.Tang Aoqing, who was the pioneer of quantum chemistryin China 中国“量子化学之父”唐敖庆49.Yuan Longping, “father of hybrid rice”“杂交水稻之父”50.Wang Xuan, who is leading the technological revolutionin the Chinese newspaper and printing industries 领导中国报业印刷业技术的王选51.state-of-the-art technology 尖端技术52.cognitive/ management/system/ nanometer/ non-linearscience 认知/管理/系统/纳米/非线性科学posite/ superconductive/magnetic/ semi-conductormaterials 复合/超导/磁性/半导体材料54.rocket technology 火箭技术55.rocket flight dynamics 火箭飞行力学56.astronautical material technology 航天材料技术munication/ meteorological/ navigation satellite 通信/气象/导航卫星58.to launch an earth-synchronous satellite into the orbit 把一颗地球同步卫星送入轨道59.to detach itself from the launch vehicle and enter the orbit脱离运载工具，进入轨道60.manned space flight technology载人航天飞行技术61.Aerospace Command and Control Center 航天指挥控制中心62.astronomical telescope 天文望远镜puter Image Processing 计算机图像处理64.HDTV (high definition television)65.HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 超文本传送协议66.seawater desalination海水淡化67.solar/wind/geothermal/biomass energy utilization 太阳能/风能/地热能/生物质能利用68.super high-speed railway超高速铁路69.magnetic suspension train 磁悬浮列车70.to complete a genetic map 完成基因图71.trans-genetic plant转基因植物72.genetically modified/transformed food 转基因食品73.gene cloning/ transfer/ mutation 基因克隆/转移/突变74.chromosome染色体。
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口译笔译分类词汇（15）--科学技术词汇“863”计划《高技术研究发展计划纲要》863 Program; High-Tech R & D Program Outline 《国家科学技术奖励条例》Regulation on National Science and Technology Awards《世界版权公约》Universal Copyright Conventionα干扰素recombinant human interferon α版权（著作权）copyright版权税royalties办好国家高新技术产业开发区ensure successful operation of national innovative and high technology industrial development zones不甘落后be not reconciled of being lagged behind猖獗的盗版行为rampant piracy创新innovation达到配套程度make complete and systematic蛋白质工程protein engineering多肽药物polypeptide drugs多学科交叉攻关tackle the hard-nut topics in science through interdisciplinary efforts发展多种形式的产学研结合promote the integration of production, teaching and research in a variety of approaches风险投资基金venture capital investment fund风险资本venture capital改革试点pilot reform改造传统产业renovate conventional industries高新技术innovative and high technology高新技术产业开发区high-tech industrial zones工程中心engineering centers公益型科研机构public service based research institutions国家创新体系建设develop a national innovation system改变研究机构与企业相分离, 研究、设计、教育与生产相脱节的状况reverse the divorce between research institutes and industrial enterprises, between research, designing, education and commercial production国家技术发明奖National Award for Technological Invention国家科学技术进步奖National Award for Science and Technology Progress国家重点科研项目research projects of national priority国家自然科学奖National Award for Natural Sciences国家最高科学技术奖National Top Science and Technology Award海洋工程技术ocean engineering technology航天技术space technology核甘酸nucleic acid; nucleotide153基因工程和细胞工程genetic and cell engineering基因芯片genetic chip; biochip (an important component in human gene studies covering gene sequencing, genetic function defining and genetic diagnosing)激光技术laser technology技贸结合integrate technology acquisition with trade技术复兴technological renaissance技术转让technology transfer加快高新技术产业化进程step up commercialization of high and innovative technologies加强知识产权的保护和管理tighten up management and protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs)尖端技术state-of-the-art technology; cutting-edge technology具有科技攻坚能力be capable of tackling key research topics开发和推广起关键作用、有共性的高新技术develop and disseminate high and innovative technologies that can play a crucial role and can be widely applied抗病转基因小麦transgenic wheat of disease resistance科技人员scientists and engineers科技中介服务机构science and technology service agents科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology is the primary productive force.科学技术体制改革the reform of science and technology management system科研成果商品化effect commercialization of research findings克隆动植物cloning animals and plants利用国际风险资金开办企业invest in a start-up business with international venture capital两系法杂交水稻bilinear hybrid rice量力而行，有选择地发展高技术develop high technologies on a selective basis with limited goals in accordance with our own capabilities论证feasibility demonstration; peer review纳米材料nano materials纳米技术nano technology纳米芯片nano chips配合《211工程》support the 211 Project企业研发中心corporate centers侵权产品infringing products侵权行为infringing act倾斜政策preferential policy / policy in favor of染色体chromosome人类基因组计划The Human Genome Project人类基因组序列“工作框架图” working frame map of the human genome擅自使用unauthorized use of ...商标专用权right to exclusive use of trademark(s)社会力量设立的科学技术奖Non-State Funds for Science and Technology Awards154生命科学life science生物工程bioengineering生物技术biotechnology生物遥感器bio-sensor省、部级科学技术奖励Ministerial and Provincial-Level Science and Technology Awards实施科教兴国战略implement the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and technology经济建设必须依靠科学技术，科学技术工作必须面向经济建设Economic development must rely on science and technology, which in turn should be oriented to economic development.适用技术appropriate technology水稻基因组图谱physical map of the rice genome提高经济效益improve economic performance （宏观）increase economic returns（微观）传统产业升级traditional industry upgrading提高科技含量increase technology content推广科研成果promote the application of research findings推进科技管理体制改革promote reform of the management system for science and technology 脱氧核糖核酸双螺旋结构DNA double helix structure消化吸收与创新工作application and modification of imported equipment and technology新材料技术new material technology星火计划（把先进、适用的技术引向农村的指导性科技计划，1986年经国务院批准）Spark Program火炬计划（发展中国高新技术产业的指导性计划,于1988年8月经国务院批准）Torch Program学习、消化、吸收外国科学技术成就learning, adaptation and assimilation of foreign scientific and technological achievements研究与开发（应用型科研）R & D; research and development样机prototypes；mock-up 中间试验（中试）pilot project一支高水平的科研队伍 a contingent of top-notch researchers依法严惩be strictly punished according to law乙肝疫苗hepatitis B vaccine应用型科研机构application-based research institutions营造人才辈出，人尽其才的良好环境foster a favorable climate for talented people to come to the for in large numbers优势科技力量outstanding scientists, engineers and technicians优先发展专业孵化器，如软件园、大学技术园、归国留学生创业园，以及大中型企业科技园Priority is given to specialized incubators, such as software parks, university technology parks, innovation (venture) parks for students returned from abroad and science and technology parks for large and medium-sized businesses.在消化、吸收的基础上发展创新improve and innovate on the basis of assimilating and absorbing the imported technologies155知识创新工程Knowledge Innovation Project (KIP)中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖The People’s Republic of China International Scientific and Technological Co-operation Award重大侵权者的刑事判决criminal convictions for major copyright infringers专利产品patented products专利使用费patent royalties专有技术know-hows156。