chinese-English translation
英语翻译三级笔译实务真题2014年11月及答案解析
So far so good, you may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstruct those lanes, many of which appear to have been designed by someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one. London cyclists swap horror stories of dysfunctional cycle routes that end without warning or maroon them on the wrong side of the road, though few can be more perilous than a new lane on Bethnal Green Road, which is blocked by a streetlight — anyone rash enough to use the lane has to brake sharply to avoid crashing into it.
2014年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案
2014年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.NARSAQ, Greenland —as icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.As a result, the populati on here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 —perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the world’s largest deposits of rare earth metals —essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq. It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, Denmark’s Nobel Prize-winning nuclear physicist and a member of the Manhattan Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits.But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.Greenland’s Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, currently has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent $100 million exploring Greenland’s deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron and zinc and rare earths. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel lead and zinc mine, which closed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Jorgen T.Hammeken-Holm, who oversees licensing at the country’s miningbureau, “because the ice is in retreat and you’re getting much more to explore.”The Greenlandic government hopes that mining will provide new revenue. In granting Greenland home rule in 2009, Denmark froze its annual subsidy, which is scheduled to be decreased further in the coming years.Here in Narsaq, a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine.That proximity promises employment, and the company is already schooling some young men in drilling and in English, the international language of mine operations. It plans to build a processing plant, a new port and more roads. (Greenland currently has none outside of settled areas.) Narsaq’s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure from lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment block into a hotel.“There will be a lot of people coming from outside and that will be a big challenge since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,” said Jasper Schroder, a student home in Narsaq from university in Denmark.Still, he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute,” he said.But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenla nd, but I’m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorothea Rodgaard, who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。
Chinese-English Translation
From parataxis to hypotaxis
Have a try
Translate the following into English 我们过了江，进了车站。我买了票，他忙着 照看行李。……这时我看见他的背影，我的 眼泪很快掉了下来，我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他 看见。
Revised version
Li Li, a 25-year old male, graduated from the Chinese department of Beijing University. Since he started to publish creative works at the age of 20, he has now published over 20 novels. He has considerable leading and organizing talents, so he is recommended to be the director for the section of literature and arts.
Possible versions
1. We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage…at the sight of his back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped them hastily so that neither he nor anyone else might see them. 2. I was born in Beijing in 1995. with two elder sisters, I was the third child in the family. Later, with the birth of a boy into the family, my father decided that there would be no more child in the family as it was enough for my brother to carry on the family name.
中英笔译一ChineseEnglishTranslationI.ppt
8
Everyday Idioms慣用語/俚語
• be a rip-off/be highway robbery • You shouldn’t shop at that store because the prices are a rip-
off. • sooner or later • It seems like it’s been raining for days, but it’ll stop sooner or
分之四十。 • 這茶几長十五吋，寬兩呎，高三呎。
6
Everyday Idioms慣用語/俚語
• graveyard shift • He works the graveyard shift at the factory so that he can go to
school during the night. • ride shotgun • If you’d like drive now, I don’t mind riding shotgun. • crank call • I hung up the phone right away when I realized that it was a
中英筆譯(一)
Chinese-English Translation (I)
2009 Fall Semester Instructor: Ying-Ying Chuang Department of Applied Foreign Languages
Cheng Shiu University
1
An Introduction of Translation 翻譯導論
agricultural exports. • moonlight stroll
Chinese-English-Translation-1
自本世纪初，上海经过 年多的准备工作， 年多的准备工作 自本世纪初，上海经过2年多的准备工作， 现已进入了一个经济起飞 进入了一个经济起飞的新阶段 现已进入了一个经济起飞的新阶段 Since the beginning of this century, after more than two years’ preparatory work, Shanghai has entered into a new stage of economic take-off. …after more than two years’ preparations, Shanghai has entered a new stage of fast economic development.
（order)
大市场体制的建立，标志着上海摒弃了 大市场体制的建立，标志着上海摒弃了 按国家计划分配资源的传统做法 分配资源的传统做法. 按国家计划分配资源的传统做法 Establishment of a large market system indicates that Shanghai has discarded traditional practices of allocating resources according to the state-set planning. …indicates that Shanghai has discarded the state planning, which is a traditional method of distributing resources.
现在上海金属交易所已成为世界第三大 现在上海金属交易所已成为世界第三大 世界 金属交易所， 金属交易所，紧随伦敦与纽约交易所之 后。 The exchange is now the world’s third largest metals exchange, following closely behind the exchanges in London and New York.
Chinese-English Translation
chi
chi bu
mei nu x x ke yi yin bu x jian fang
bu x liao dian hua ke qi xie xie
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124
English to run to climb to fly to drink can hungry to call to laugh/smile fat tall jump walk to eat can (verb) thirsty bed money put on small short delicious beautiful to sleep eating can/permission cannot go out come back hotel/restaurant restaurant rest room clothes shop/mall go to work teacher classmate chinese language company employee business man boss manager off duty taxi buy something/ go shopping how much it is? watch movie go to sing reserve room call airport waiter travel negative handsome beautiful girl female buy cannot big drink telephone you're welcome difficult thank you room
Introduction to Chinese-English Translation
What is Translation?
• Translation is • a process by which a spoken or written utterance takes place in one language which is intended or presumed to convey the same meaning as previously existing utterance in another language (Rabin 1958). • the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form… or whether one or both languages are based on signs (Brislin 1976). • a situation-related and function-oriented complex series of acts for the production of a target text, intended for addressees in another culture/language, on the basis of a given source text (Salevsk 1993) • any utterance which is presented or regarded as a ‘translation’ within a culture, on no matter what grounds (Toury 1995).
英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(8)
英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（8）(1/1)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .第1题Tourism, Globalization and Sustainable DevelopmentTourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves. While conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems, the United Nations contends that such negative effects can be controlled and reduced.Before getting into the cold facts of global economics, let me begin with another story to warm up. I was perplexed when I recently read in the newspaper that Thailand´s forestry chief had said: "Humans can´t live in the forest because human beings aren´t animals. Unlike us, animals can. adapt themselves to the wild or any environment naturally." This was to legitimatize the government´s plan to remove hundreds of thousands of rural and hill tribe people from protected areas. This man, who is in charge of conserving the forests, is at the same time very strongly pushing to open up the country´s 81 national parks to outside investors and visitors in the name of "eco-tourism". Can we conclude, then, that the forestry chief considers developers and tourists as animals that know how to adapt to the forest and behave in the wild naturally?While authorities want to stop the access to forest lands and natural resources of village people, another group of people -- namely tourism developers and tourists with lots of money to spend -- are set to gain access to the area. While authorities believe that local people, who have often lived in the area for generations, are not capable of managing and conserving their land and natural resources -- under a community forestry scheme for example -- they believe they themselves in cooperation with the tourist industry can properly manage and conserve "nature" under a national eco-tourism plan. Taking the above quote seriously, cynics may be tempted to say there is obviously a gap between "human rights" and "animal fights".How is this story linked to globalization? First of all, that humans cannot live in the forest is -- of course -- not a Thai concept. It is a notion of Western conservation ideology -- an outcome of the globalization of ideas and perceptions. Likewise, that eco-tourism under a "good management" system is beneficial to local people and nature is also a Western concept that is being globalized. In fact, Thailand´s forestry chief thinks globally and acts locally. A lesson that can be learned from this is that the slogan "Think Globally, Act Locally" that the environmental movements have promoted all the years, has not necessarily served to preserve the environment and safeguard local communities´ rights, but has been co-opted and distorted by official agencies and private industries for profit-making purposes. The tourism industry is demonstrating this all too well Many developing countries, facing debt burdens and worsening trade terms, have turned to tourism promotion in the hope that it brings foreign exchange and investment. Simultaneously, leading international agencies such as the World Bank, United Nations agencies and business organizations like the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) have been substantially involved to make tourism a truly global industry.However, tourism in developing countries is often viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions because from the very beginning, it has benefited from international economic relationships that structurally favor the advanced capitalist countries in the North.Unequal trading relationships, dependence on foreign interests, and the division of labor have relegated poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and affluent countries in the North to the position of tourism generators, with the latter enjoying the freedom from having to pay the price for the meanwhile well-known negative impacts in destinations. _____下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第2题中国加入WTO对国内汽车工业的影响中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。
Paper 4-5：writing and Chinese-English translation(1)
Paper 4Money is Not EverythingThe cartoon shows a fat middle-aged man seeing his doctor, saying “Money is my drug of choice for anxiety.” From the scene and his word, we know that the man may be suffering from an anxiety disorder and he thinks having money can remove his anxiety.In my opinion, money can remove our anxieties about material things like food, clothes, children’s education, etc. But money is not everything. Take time and life for example. No matter what we do, or how much money we are willing to pay, we cannot make the day last longer than 24 hours. Suppose there is a millionaire who possesses everything except good health. By the time he is suffering from a fatal illness, what he wants most is life. Though money can get him first-rate doctors and the best medical care, it can not buy him a longer life.Money, moreover, is the root of all evils. Being greedy for money, some people break the law and do all kinds of evil things. In that case, money may bring them tragedies. There fore, money is not everything, and sometimes it is nothing.TranslationUsed by the Han people in China, the Chinese language has a long history, having established a fairly mature written language more than 3,000 years ago. The Chinese language has more than 1.2 billion users and can be regarded as the one spoken by the greatest number of persons. In addition to China, some people in Singapore and Malaysia also use Chinese, and millions of overseas Chinese and foreign citizens of Chinese origin distributed around the world use various Chinese dialects as native language. The Chinese language is the main language used by Chinese, also one of the working languages of the United Nations.Paper 5The Importance of Independent ThinkingIn the picture, the boy worries that he cannot find his way back without the GPS, which shocks his mother. And it shows us that with booming of information technology, various electronic products have been ubiquitous in our life, which on one hand provide great convenience for us, and on the other, gradually make lots of people lose their ability to think independently.As is known to all, independent thinking plays an important role in our life. For one thing, it stimulates people’s creativity and innovation ability, which are the progress boosters of the society. For example, by independent thinking and innovation ability, Steve Jobs has almost changed the way we communicate, entertain and live. For another, independent thinking can help us judge between right and wrong. Nowadays, the new media like weibo and weixin make information available to almost everyone. Therefore, only those who can think independently can see the world clearly.Personally speaking, we should be less dependent on the electronic tools but use our mind more. I think independently, therefore I am independent.TranslationThe Chinese life is colorful with many interesting folkways. The Chinese wedding may be a focus of interest. There are many differences between the Chinese and the West in weddings, as the people in West go to church while the Chinese celebrate with a feast. Westerners hope that Godwill bless them while the Chinese thank the heaven and their parents. Westerners wear white wedding dresses while the bride and groom wear in red according to Chinese tradition, because red symbolizes good luck and happiness.。
学位英语翻译分析
Topics•Differences between Chinese and English•‐Chinese English Translation •GET Translation•著名汉语语言学家王力教授说过：•“西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。
所以中国语法以达意为主”富有弹性零；“英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章往往化整为零。
”“English•The are proud of the preciseness of their language, while we Chinese are proud of the conciseness of our mother tongue.”h i f h”•What does this mean?h d hi?、英语重结构（形合hypotaxis），一英语重结构汉语重语义（parataxis意合）•英语和汉语分属不同的体系：英语属于印欧英语和汉语分属不同的体系英语属于印欧语系（Indo‐European Family），汉语属于汉藏语系（Sino‐Tibetan Family）。
•英语是一种形合(hypotaxis)的语言，而汉语是一种意合(parataxis)的语言；形合的语言是指该语言主要通过词本身的形态变化来表达语法意义（格，数，时等）。
所谓“意合主要是靠句子内部逻辑联系。
”主要是靠句子•She is doing her homework.她正在做作业。
has 她已经做了作业。
•She done her homework.•She did her homework yesterday.她昨天做了作业•英语的句子结构十分严谨，无论多长的句子只有个主句个从句或若干从句子也只有一个主句，一个从句或若干从句，一环套一环。
主句与从句之间，从句与从句之间必须有连词，关系代词或关系副从句之间必须有连词关系代词或关系副词联结。
•汉语则十分简洁。
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汉译英基本程序
Translating
understanding
Analyze Infer Conclude Context
expressing
Select Decide Adjust
18
汉译英中的理解问题
借助语言学理论， 借助语言学理论，提高对文字 各种意义的识别能力 通过上下文， 通过上下文，掌握隐含意义 把握修辞特点
符号的意义不是单一的，而是多重性的。 符号的意义不是单一的，而是多重性的。 确定符号的意义，除了考虑其所指意义之外， 确定符号的意义，除了考虑其所指意义之外，还要考虑符号 使用者的意图（语用意义）以及与其它符号（语境）的关系。 使用者的意图（语用意义）以及与其它符号（语境）的关系。 认识符号的意义，须透过现象看本质， 认识符号的意义，须透过现象看本质，抓住词语的真正的含 义，切忌不求甚解，望文生义。 切忌不求甚解，望文生义。
10
汉语多推理， 汉语多推理，英语多引申
Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义，义随人生 词本无义， 词本无义 义随人生) 词典对词的定义和解释是死的，而实际运用中的语言是活的， 词典对词的定义和解释是死的，而实际运用中的语言是活的， 要准确表达译文，就需要对原文进行仔细研究。 要准确表达译文，就需要对原文进行仔细研究。
9
汉语多具体， 汉语多具体，英语多抽象
土崩瓦解 赤胆忠心 精疲力尽 远见卓识 深思熟虑 水乳交融 画饼充饥 如饥似渴 望穿秋水 添砖加瓦 危在旦夕 三天打鱼， 三天打鱼，两天晒网 disintegration ardent loyalty total exhaustion far-sightedness careful consideration perfect harmony feed on fancies with great eagerness await with great anxiety make contribution on the verge of destruction lack of perseverance
20
通过上下文， 通过上下文，掌握隐含意义
原文的意思不一定通过具体 的词汇表达， 的词汇表达，有可能体现在 上下文的逻辑关系、 上下文的逻辑关系、或全句 的语气上。 的语气上。
21
把握修辞特点
留意原文的感情色彩、 留意原文的感情色彩、 形象色彩及语体色彩 通过恰当的选词或结构 传达原文色彩意义
14
汉语多补充， 汉语多补充，英语多省略
英语省略的类型：名词、动词、句法方面、 英语省略的类型：名词、动词、句法方面、情景方面 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
Association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.
7
汉语多主动， 汉语多主动，英语多被动
英语比较喜欢用被动语态，科技英语尤其如此。 英语比较喜欢用被动语态，科技英语尤其如此。 我们必须找到新的能源。 我们必须找到新的能源。 New sources of energy must be found. 在社会经济发展过程中，人们必须保持文化传统。 在社会经济发展过程中，人们必须保持文化传统。 In the development of social economy, the culture tradition must be kept. 不小心会淹死。 不小心会淹死。 You will be drowned if you are not careful.
3
汉语重语义， 汉语重语义，英语重结构
“就句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治 就句子的结构而论， 中国语言是人治的。 的，中国语言是人治的。”《中国语法 理论》 理论》 Good good study, day day up.
Work hard and make progress everyday.
You don’t know, who know！ ！
You’d better draw squares first. Yesterday they sank a well. She is used to holding up an umbrella. Let her go in front and flash a torch for us. We must raise our spirits to work and study. He called her at home. He cabled me directly. Write a letter of introduction for me.
书 申请书 报告书 协议书 通知书 说明书 白皮书
book letter of application report agreement notice directions; guide whias beating against the windows. She sounded the drum strongly. 她用力打了一下鼓。 她用力打了一下鼓。 Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。 趁热打铁。 He hit her on the head with a bottle. 他用瓶子打她的头。 他用瓶子打她的头。 He entered through the window. 他打窗户进来的。 他打窗户进来的。 I broke a bowl. 我打了一个碗。 我打了一个碗。 Don't drop the teapot. 别把茶壶打了。 别把茶壶打了。 They fought a battle. 他们打了一仗。 他们打了一仗。 They've captured another town. 他们又打下了一座县城。 他们又打下了一座县城。 He is packing his luggage. 他正在打行李。 他正在打行李。 She is good at knitting a sweater. 她善于打毛衣。 她善于打毛衣。 雨打在窗户上。 雨打在窗户上。
5
汉语多分句， 汉语多分句，英语多从句
我有一个问题弄不懂， 我有一个问题弄不懂， 想请教你，你能回答吗？ 想请教你，你能回答吗？ Can you answer a question which is puzzling me？ ？
6
汉语多名词， 汉语多名词，英语多代词
汉语：结构相对松散、句子相对较短， 汉语：结构相对松散、句子相对较短，使用名词往往使语 义更加清楚。 义更加清楚。 英语：不仅有we/you/he/she/they等人称代词，还有 等人称代词， 英语：不仅有 等人称代词 that/which等关系代词，在长而复杂的句子，英语往往使 等关系代词，在长而复杂的句子， 等关系代词 用很多代词： 用很多代词： 使句子结构正确、 使句子结构正确、语义清楚 避免表达上的重复 汉译英不如英译汉容易。 汉译英不如英译汉容易。 Translation from Chinese into English is not so easy as that from English into Chinese.
汉语逻辑思维：由因到果、由假设到推论、 汉语逻辑思维：由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实 到结论 英语逻辑思维：判断或结论在前， 英语逻辑思维：判断或结论在前，事实或描写在后
一个民族，如果不能自由地决定其政治地位， 一个民族，如果不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能 自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展， 自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，就不可能 享受其基本权利，这是无可置疑的。 享受其基本权利，这是无可置疑的。 It is no doubt that a people can enjoy its basic rights unless it is able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development.
16
翻译标准
地道的英语 准确再现汉语语义 符合英语语法结构 符合英语习惯表达
我的心永远和你在一起。 我的心永远和你在一起。 My heart will always be together with you. I will always be together with you in spirit.
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汉语多重复， 汉语多重复，英语多变化
汉语： 汉语：重复是一种常用的修辞方法 英语：强调变化， 英语：强调变化，表达相同的意思时往往 变换表达方式。 变换表达方式。 强国有强国的策略， 强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的 策略。 策略。 Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
Chinese-English Translation
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汉英差异 翻译标准 翻译程序
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汉英差异
汉语重语义， 汉语重语义，英语重结构 汉语多短句， 汉语多短句，英语多长句 汉语多分句， 汉语多分句，英语多从句 汉语多名词， 汉语多名词，英语多代词 汉语多主动， 汉语多主动，英语多被动 汉语多重复， 汉语多重复，英语多变化 汉语多具体， 汉语多具体，英语多抽象 汉语多推理， 汉语多推理，英语多引申 汉语多补充， 汉语多补充，英语多省略 汉语多后重心， 汉语多后重心，英语多前重心
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打一盆水来！ 打一盆水来！ 小孩打酱油去了。 小孩打酱油去了。 他爱好打鱼。 他爱好打鱼。 你最好先打个草稿。 你最好先打个草稿。 我在篮球队打中锋。 我在篮球队打中锋。
Fetch a basin of water! The boy went to buy soy sauce. He is fond of fishing. You'd better work out a draft first. I played center on the basketball team.