概率论与数理统计2.第二章练习题(答案)
概率论与数理统计练习册答案

概率论与数理统计练习册答案第一章概率论的基本概念一、选择题4. 答案:(C )注:C 成立的条件:A 与B 互不相容.5. 答案:(C )注:C 成立的条件:A 与B 互不相容,即AB φ=.6. 答案:(D )注:由C 得出A+B=Ω. 8. 答案:(D )注:选项B 由于11111()1()1()1()1(1())nn n n n i i i i i i i i i i P A P A P A P A P A ======-=-==-=--∑∑∏∏9.答案:(C )注:古典概型中事件A 发生的概率为()()()N A P A N =Ω. 10.答案:(A )解:用A 来表示事件“此r 个人中至少有某两个人生日相同”,考虑A的对立事件A “此r 个人的生日各不相同”利用上一题的结论可知365365!()365365r r r rC r P P A ?==,故365()1365rrP P A =-.12.答案:(B )解:“事件A 与B 同时发生时,事件C 也随之发生”,说明AB C ?,故()()P AB P C ≤;而()()()()1,P A B P A P B P AB ?=+-≤ 故()()1()()P A P B P AB P C +-≤≤.13.答案:(D )解:由(|)()1P A B P A B +=可知2()()()1()()()1()()()(1())()(1()()())1()(1())()(1())()(1()()())()(1())()()()()()()(())()()()P AB P AB P AB P A B P B P B P B P B P AB P B P B P A P B P AB P B P B P AB P B P B P A P B P AB P B P B P AB P AB P B P B P A P B P B P B P AB P B -?+=+--+--+==-?-+--+=-?-+--+=2(())()()()P B P AB P A P B -?=故A 与B 独立. .16.答案:(B )解:所求的概率为()1()1()()()()()()()11111100444161638P ABC P A B C P A P B P C P AB P BC P AC P ABC =-??=---+++-=---+++-= 注:0()()0()0ABC AB P ABC P AB P ABC ??≤≤=?=. 17.答案:(A )解:用A 表示事件“取到白球”,用i B 表示事件“取到第i 箱”1.2.3i =,则由全概率公式知112233()()(|)()(|)()(|)11131553353638120P A P B P A B P B P A B P B P A B =++=++=.18.答案:(C )解:用A 表示事件“取到白球”,用i B 表示事件“取到第i 类箱子” 1.2.3i =,则由全概率公式知112233()()(|)()(|)()(|)213212765636515P A P B P A B P B P A B P B P A B =++=++=.19.答案:(C )解:即求条件概率2(|)P B A .由Bayes 公式知3263222711223315()(|)5(|)()(|)()(|)()(|)7P B P A B P B A P B P A B P B P A B P B P A B ===++. 二、填空题2.;ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC 或AB BC AC3.0.3,0.5 解:若A 与B 互斥,则P (A+B )=P (A )+P (B ),于是 P (B )=P (A+B )-P (A )=0.7-0.4=0.3;若A 与B 独立,则P (AB )=P (A )P (B ),于是由P (A+B )=P (A )+P (B )-P (AB )=P (A )+P (B )-P (A )P (B ),得()()0.70.4()0.51()10.4P A B P A P B P A +--===--.4.0.7 解:由题设P (AB )=P (A )P (B|A )=0.4,于是P (AUB )=P (A )+P (B )-P (AB )=0.5+0.6-0.4=0.7.解:因为P (AUB )=P (A )+P (B )-P (AB ),又()()()P AB P AB P A +=,所以()()()0.60.30.3P AB P A B P B =-=-= .6.0.6 解:由题设P (A )=0.7,P (AB )=0.3,利用公式AB AB A +=知()()()P AB P A P AB =-=0.7-0.3=0.4,故()1()10.40.6P AB P AB =-=-=. 7.7/12 解:因为P (AB )=0,所以P (ABC )=0,于是()()1()1[()()()()()()()]13/42/67/12P ABC P A B C P A B C P A P B P C P AB P BC P AC P ABC ==-=-++---+=-+= . 10.11260解:这是一个古典概型问题,将七个字母任一种可能排列作为基本事件,则全部事件数为7!,而有利的基本事件数为12121114=,故所求的概率为417!1260=. 11.3/7 解:设事件A={抽取的产品为工厂A 生产的},B={抽取的产品为工厂B 生产的},C={抽取的是次品},则P (A )=0.6,P (B )=0.4,P (C|A )=0.01,P (C|B )=0.02,故有贝叶斯公式知()()(|)0.60.013(|)()()(|)()(|)0.60.010.40.027P AC P A P C A P A C P C P A P C A P B P C B ?====+?+?. 12.6/11解:设A={甲射击},B={乙射击},C={目标被击中},则P (A )=P (B )=1/2,P (C|A )=0.6,P (C|B )=0.5,故()()(|)0.50.66 (|)()()(|)()(|)0.50.60.50.511P AC P A P C A P A C P C P A P C A P B P C B ?====+?+?. 四、 )(,21)|(,31)|(,41)(B A P B A P A B P A P ?===求。
概率论与数理统计_第二章习题附答案

习题2-21. 设A 为任一随机事件, 且P (A )=p (0<p <1). 定义随机变量1,,0,A X A =⎧⎨⎩发生不发生. 写出随机变量X 的分布律.解2. , 且取这四个值的相应概率依次为cc c c 167,85,43,21. 试确定常数c , 并计算条件概率}0|1{≠<X X P . 解 由离散型随机变量的分布律的性质知,13571,24816c c c c+++= 所以3716c =. 所求概率为 P {X <1| X 0≠}=258167852121}0{}1{=++=≠-=cc c c X P X P . 3. 设随机变量X 服从参数为2, p 的二项分布, 随机变量Y 服从参数为3, p 的二项分布, 若{P X ≥51}9=, 求{P Y ≥1}.解 注意p{x=k}=k k n kn C p q -,由题设5{9P X =≥21}1{0}1,P X q =-==-故213q p =-=. 从而{P Y ≥32191}1{0}1().327P Y =-==-=4. 在三次独立的重复试验中, 每次试验成功的概率相同, 已知至少成功一次的概率为1927, 求每次试验成功的概率. 解 设每次试验成功的概率为p , 由题意知至少成功一次的概率是2719,那么一次都没有成功的概率是278. 即278)1(3=-p , 故 p =31. 5. 若X 服从参数为λ的泊松分布, 且{1}{3}P X P X ===, 求参数λ.解 由泊松分布的分布律可知6=λ.6. 一袋中装有5只球, 编号为1,2,3,4,5. 在袋中同时取3只球, 以X 表示取出的3只球中的最大, 写出随机变量X 的分布律.解 X1. 设X 的分布律为解 (1) F (x )=0,1,0.15,10,0.35,01,1,1.x x x x <-⎧⎪-<⎪⎨<⎪⎪⎩≤≤≥(2) P {X <0}=P {X =-1}=0.15;(3) P {X <2}= P {X =-1}+P {X =0}+P {X =1}=1; (4) P {-2≤x <1}=P {X =-1}+P {X =0}=0.35. 2. 设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x ) = A +B arctan x -∞<x <+∞.试求: (1) 常数A 与B ; (2) X 落在(-1, 1]的概率.解 (1) 由于F (-∞) = 0, F (+∞) = 1, 可知()0112,.2()12A B A B A B πππ⎧+-=⎪⎪⇒==⎨⎪+=⎪⎩ (2) {11}(1)(1)P X F F -<=--≤1111(arctan1)(arctan(1))22ππ=+-+-11111().24242ππππ=+⋅---=3. 设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )=0, 0,01,21,1,,x xx x <<⎧⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩ ≤ ≥求P {X ≤-1}, P {0.3 <X <0.7}, P {0<X ≤2}.解 P {X 1}(1)0F -=-=≤,P {0.3<X <0.7}=F (0.7)-F {0.3}-P {X =0.7}=0.2,P {0<X ≤2}=F (2)-F (0)=1.习题2-41. 选择题 (1) 设2, [0,],()0, [0,].x x c f x x c ∈=∉⎧⎨⎩ 如果c =( ), 则()f x 是某一随机变量的概率密度函数. (A)13. (B) 12. (C) 1. (D) 32. 本题应选(C ).(2) 设~(0,1),X N 又常数c 满足{}{}P X c P X c =<≥, 则c 等于( ). (A) 1. (B) 0. (C)12. (D) -1.本题应选(B).(3) 下列函数中可以作为某一随机变量的概率密度的是( ).(A) cos ,[0,],()0,x x f x π∈=⎧⎨⎩其它. (B) 1,2,()20,x f x <=⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩其它.(C) 22()2,0,()0,0.≥x x f x x μσ--=<⎧⎩ (D) e ,0,()0,0.≥x x f x x -=<⎧⎨⎩本题应选(D).(6) 设随机变量X 服从正态分布211(,)N μσ,Y 服从正态分布222(,)N μσ,且12{1}{1},P X P Y μμ-<>-< 则下式中成立的是( ).(A) σ1 < σ2. (B) σ1 > σ2. (C) μ1 <μ2. (D) μ1 >μ2. 答案是(A).(7) 设随机变量X 服从正态分布N (0,1), 对给定的正数)10(<<αα, 数αu 满足{}P X u αα>=, 若{}P X x α<=, 则x 等于( ).(A) 2u α . (B) 21α-u. (C) 1-2u α. (D) α-1u .答案是(C).2. 设连续型随机变量X 服从参数为λ的指数分布, 要使1{2}4P k X k <<=成立, 应当怎样选择数k ?解X 其分布函数为1e ,0,()0,0.≤x x F x x λ-->=⎧⎨⎩由题意可知221{2}(2)()(1e )(1e )e e 4k k k k P k X k F k F k λλλλ----=<<=-=---=-.于是 ln 2k λ=.3. 设随机变量X 有概率密度34,01,()0,x x f x <<=⎧⎨⎩其它,要使{}{}≥P X a P X a =<(其中a >0)成立, 应当怎样选择数a ?解 由条件变形,得到1{}{}P X a P X a -<=<,可知{}0.5P X a <=, 于是304d 0.5a x x =⎰,因此a =4. 设连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为20,0,()01,1,1,,≤≤x F x x x x <=>⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩求: (1) X 的概率密度; (2){0.30.7}P X <<.解 (1) 由()()F x f x '=得 2,01,()0,其它.x x f x <<⎧=⎨⎩(2) 22{0.30.7}(0.7)(0.3)0.70.30.4P X F F <<=-=-=.5. 设随机变量X 的概率密度为f (x )= 2,01,0,x x ⎧⎨⎩ ≤≤ 其它,求P {X ≤12}与P {14X <≤2}. 解 {P X ≤12201112d 2240}x x x ===⎰;1{4P X <≤12141152}2d 1164x x x ===⎰. 6. 设连续型随机变量X 具有概率密度函数,01,(),12,0,x x f x A x x <=-<⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩≤≤其它.求: (1) 常数A ;(2) X 的分布函数F (x ).解 (1) 由概率密度的性质可得12221121111d ()d []122x x A x x xAx x A =+-=+-=-⎰⎰,于是 2A =;(2) 由公式()()d x F x f x x -∞=⎰可得(过程简略)220,0,1()221, 2.1,021,12x F x x x x x x x =->⎧⎪⎪<⎪⎨⎪-<⎪⎪⎩≤≤,≤,7. 设随机变量X 的概率密度为1(1),02,()40,x x f x ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩+<<=其它, 对X 独立观察3次, 求至少有2次的结果大于1的概率.解 2115{1}(1)d 48P X x x >=+=⎰.所以, 3次观察中至少有2次的结果大于1的概率为223333535175()()()888256C C +=. 8. 设~(0,5)X U , 求关于x 的方程24420x Xx ++=有实根的概率.解 若方程有实根, 则 21632X -≥0, 于是2X ≥2. 故方程有实根的概率为P {2X ≥2}=21{2}P X -<1{P X =-<<11d 5x =-15=-.10. 设随机变量2~(2,)X N σ, 若{04}0.3P X <<=, 求{0}P X <.解 因为()~2,X N σ2,所以~(0,1)X Z N μσ-=. 由条件{04}0.3P X <<=可知02242220.3{04}{}()()X P X P ΦΦσσσσσ---=<<=<<=--,于是22()10.3Φσ-=, 从而2()0.65Φσ=.所以 {{}2020}P P X X σσ==--<<22()1()0.35ΦΦσσ-=-=.习题2-52. 设~(1,2),23X N Z X =+, 求Z 所服从的分布及概率密度.解 若随机变量2~(,)X N μσ, 则X 的线性函数Y aX b =+也服从正态分布, 即2~(,()).Y aX b N a b a μσ=++这里1,μσ==所以Z ~(5,8)N .概率密度为()f z=2(5)16,x x ---∞<<+∞.3. 已知随机变量X 的分布律为(1) 求Y =2解 (1)(2)4. ()X f x =1142ln 20x x <<⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩, , , 其它,且Y =2-X , 试求Y 的概率密度.解 )(y F Y ={P Y ≤}{2y P X =-≤}{y P X =≥2}y -1{2}P X y =-<-=1-2()d yX f x x --∞⎰.于是可得Y 的概率密度为121,2(2)ln 20, ,()其它.Y y y f y -<<-⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩5. 设随机变量X 服从区间(-2,2)上的均匀分布,求随机变量2Y X =的概率密度.解因为对于0<y <4,(){Y F y P Y =≤2}{y P X =≤}{y P =X }(X X F F =-.于是随机变量2Y X =的概率密度函数为()Y fy (X X f f =0 4.y =<<即()04,0,.其它f y y =<<⎩。
概率论与数理统计第二章测习题

第 2 章一维随机变量及其分布一、选择题1.设 F(x)是随机变量X的分布函数,则以下结论不正确的选项是(A)若 F(a)=0 ,则对任意 x≤a 有 F(x)=0(B)若 F(a)=1 ,则对任意 x≥a 有 F(x)=1(C)若 F(a)=1/2 ,则 P( x≤a)=1/2(D)若 F(a)=1/2 ,则 P( x≥a)=1/22.设随机变量 X 的概率密度 f(x) 是偶函数,分布函数为 F(x) ,则(A)F(x)是偶函数(B)F(x) 是奇函数(C)F(x)+F(-x)=1(D)2F(x)-F(-x)=1 3.设随机变量 X1, X 2的分布函数、概率密度分别为 F1 (x) 、F2 (x) ,f 1 (x)、f 2 (x) ,若 a>0, b>0, c>0,则以下结论中不正确的选项是(A)aF (x)+bF2(x)是某一随机变量分布函数的充要条件是a+b=11(B)cF1(x) F 2(x)是某一随机变量分布函数的充要条件是c=1(C)af 1(x)+bf2(x)是某一随机变量概率密度的充要条件是a+b=1(D)cf 1(x) f 2(x)是某一随机变量分布函数的充要条件是c=14.设随机变量 X1, X2是任意两个独立的连续型随机变量,它们的概率密度分别为 f 1 (x)和 f 2 (x) ,分布函数分别为 F1 (x) 和 F2 (x) ,则(A)f 1 (x) +f 2 (x)必为某一随机变量的概率密度(B)f 1(x) f 2(x)必为某一随机变量的概率密度(C)F1(x)+F 2(x)必为某一随机变量的分布函数(D)F1(x)F 2 (x)必为某一随机变量的分布函数5.设随机变量 X 遵从正态分布N (1,12),Y遵从正态分布N (2,22) ,且P(|X1| 1) P(|Y 2| 1) ,则必有(A)1 2(B)1 2(C)1 2(D)1 26.设随机变量 X 遵从正态分布N ( ,2 ) ,则随σ的增大,概率P(|X|)(A)单调增大(B)单调减小(C)保持不变(D)增减不定7.设随机变量 X1,X2的分布函数分别为 F1 (x) 、F2(x) ,为使 aF1 (x) -bF2 (x)是某一随机变量分布函数,在以下给定的各组数值中应取(A)a3 , b2(B)a2 , b2(C)a1 , b3(D)a1 , b3 553322228.设 f(x)是连续型随机变量 X 的概率密度,则 f(x)必然是(A)可积函数(B)单调函数(C)连续函数(D)可导函数9.以下陈述正确的命题是(A)若P(X1) P(X 1), 则 P(X 1)12(B)若 X~b(n, p),则 P(X=k)=P(X=n-k), k=0,1,2,,n(C)若 X 遵从正态分布 , 则 F(x)=1-F(-x)(D)lim [ F (x) F ( x)]1x10.假设随机变量X遵从指数分布,则随机变量Y=min{X,2} 的分布函数(A)是连续函数(B)最少有两其中止点(C)是阶梯函数(D)恰好有一其中止点二、填空题1.一实习生用同一台机器连接独立的制造了 3 个同种零件,第i个零件不合格的概率为 p i1个零件中合格品的个数,则 P X2i 1,2,3 ,以 X 表示3i12.设随机变量X的概率密度函数为 f x2x0 x 1以 Y 表示对 X 的三次重复观察中0其他事件 X 1出现的次数,则 P Y2 23.设连续型随机变量X的分布密度为 f x axe 3x x 0,则 a,X的分布0x0函数为4.设随机变量的分布函数b , x0, 则 a =, b =,cF ( x)ax) 2(1c,x 0,=。
《概率论与数理统计》习题及答案 第二章

《概率论与数理统计》习题及答案第 二 章1.假设一批产品中一、二、三等品各占60%,30%,10%,从中任取一件,发现它不是三等品,求它是一等品的概率.解 设i A =‘任取一件是i 等品’ 1,2,3i =,所求概率为13133()(|)()P A A P A A P A =,因为 312A A A =+所以 312()()()0.60.30.9P A P A P A =+=+=131()()0.6P A A P A ==故1362(|)93P A A ==. 2.设10件产品中有4件不合格品,从中任取两件,已知所取两件中有一件是不合格品,求另一件也是不合格品的概率.解 设A =‘所取两件中有一件是不合格品’i B =‘所取两件中恰有i 件不合格’ 1, 2.i = 则12A B B =+11246412221010()()()C C C P A P B P B C C =+=+, 所求概率为2242112464()1(|)()5P B C P B A P A C C C ===+. 3.袋中有5只白球6只黑球,从袋中一次取出3个球,发现都是同一颜色,求这颜色是黑色的概率.解 设A =‘发现是同一颜色’,B =‘全是白色’,C =‘全是黑色’,则 A B C =+, 所求概率为336113333611511/()()2(|)()()//3C C P AC P C P C A P A P B C C C C C ====++ 4.从52张朴克牌中任意抽取5张,求在至少有3张黑桃的条件下,5张都是黑桃的概率.解 设A =‘至少有3张黑桃’,i B =‘5张中恰有i 张黑桃’,3,4,5i =, 则345A B B B =++, 所求概率为555345()()(|)()()P AB P B P B A P A P B B B ==++51332415133********1686C C C C C C ==++. 5.设()0.5,()0.6,(|)0.8P A P B P B A ===求()P A B 与()P B A -.解 ()()()() 1.1()(|) 1.10P AB P A P B P A B P A P B A =+-=-=-= ()()()0.60.40.2P B A P B P AB -=-=-=.6.甲袋中有3个白球2个黑球,乙袋中有4个白球4个黑球,今从甲袋中任取2球放入乙袋,再从乙袋中任取一球,求该球是白球的概率。
概率论与数理统计统计课后习题答案(有过程)

概率论与数理统计统计课后习题答案(有过程)第一章习题解答1.解:(1)Ω={0,1,…,10};(2)Ω={,1,…,100n},其中n为小班人数;n(3)Ω={√,×√, ××√, ×××√,…},其中√表示击中,×表示未击中;(4)Ω={(x,y)}。
2.解:(1)事件AB表示该生是三年级男生,但不是运动员;(2)当全学院运动员都是三年级学生时,关系式是正确的;(3)全学院运动员都是三年级的男生,ABC=C成立;(4)当全学院女生都在三年级并且三年级学生都是女生时,=B成立。
3.解:(1)ABC;(2)AB;(3);(4);(5);(6)4.解:因,则P(ABC)≤P(AB)可知P(ABC)=0 所以A、B、C至少有一个发生的概率为P(A∪B∪C)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(AB)-P(AC)-P(BC)+P(ABC)=3×1/4-1/8+0 =5/85.解:(1)P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(AB)=0.3+0.8-0.2=0.9 P(A)=P(A)-P(AB)=0.3-0.2=0.1(2)因为P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(AB)≤P(A)+P(B)=α+β, 所以最大值maxP (A∪B)=min(α+β,1);又P(A)≤P(A∪B),P(B)≤P(A∪B),故最小值min P(A∪B)=max(α,β)6.解:设A表示事件“最小号码为5”,B表示事件“最大号码为5”。
223由题设可知样本点总数,。
2C52C411所以;7.解:设A表示事件“甲、乙两人相邻”,若n个人随机排成一列,则样本点总数为n!,, 1若n个人随机排成一圈.可将甲任意固定在某个位置,再考虑乙的位置。
表示按逆时针方向乙在甲的第i个位置,。
则样本空间,事件所以8.解:设A表示事件“偶遇一辆小汽车,其牌照号码中有数8”,则其对立事件A表示“偶遇一辆小汽车,其牌照号码中没有数8”,即号码中每一位都可从除8以外的其他9个数中取,因此A包含的基本事件数为,样本点总数为104。
概率论与数理统计(茆诗松)第二版课后第二章习题参考答案

(2)Y 的全部可能取值为 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
且 P{Y
= 0} =
6 62
=
6 36
, P{Y
= 1} =
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10 36
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P{Y
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8 36
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故 X 的概率分布列为
X0 1 2 3 4 P 625 500 150 20 1 .
1296 1296 1296 1296 1296
6. 从一副 52 张的扑克牌中任取 5 张,求其中黑桃张数的概率分布. 解:设 X 表示黑桃张数,有 X 的全部可能取值为 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
2 36
,
故 Y 的分布列为
Y0 1 2 3 4 5 P 6 10 8 6 4 2 .
36 36 36 36 36 36
3. 口袋中有 7 个白球、3 个黑球. (1)每次从中任取一个不放回,求首次取出白球的取球次数 X 的概率分布列; (2)如果取出的是黑球则不放回,而另外放入一个白球,此时 X 的概率分布列如何.
概率论与数理统计第二章答案

第二章 随机变量及其分布1、解:设公司赔付金额为X ,则X 的可能值为; 投保一年内因意外死亡:20万,概率为投保一年内因其他原因死亡:5万,概率为投保一年内没有死亡:0X0 P2、一袋中有55,在其中同时取三只,以X 表示取出的三只球中的最大号码,写出随机变量X 的分布律解:X 可以取值3,4,5,分布律为1061)4,3,2,1,5()5(1031)3,2,1,4()4(1011)2,1,3()3(352435233522=⨯====⨯====⨯===C C P X P C C P X P C C P X P 中任取两球再在号一球为中任取两球再在号一球为号两球为号一球为 也可列为下表 X : 3, 4,5P :106,103,101 3、设在15只同类型零件中有2只是次品,在其中取三次,每次任取一只,作不放回抽样,以X 表示取出次品的只数,(1)求X 的分布律,(2)画出分布律的图形。
解:任取三只,其中新含次品个数X 可能为0,1,2个。
3522)0(315313===C C X P3512)1(31521312=⨯==C C C X P 351)2(31511322=⨯==C C C X P 再列为下表 X : 0, 1, 2P : 351,3512,3522 4、进行重复独立实验,设每次成功的概率为p ,失败的概率为q =1-p (0<p <1) (1)将实验进行到出现一次成功为止,以X 表示所需的试验次数,求X 的分布律。
(此时称X 服从以p 为参数的几何分布。
)(2)将实验进行到出现r 次成功为止,以Y 表示所需的试验次数,求Y 的分布律。
(此时称Y 服从以r, p 为参数的巴斯卡分布。
) x1 2 O P(3)一篮球运动员的投篮命中率为45%,以X 表示他首次投中时累计已投篮的次数,写出X 的分布律,并计算X 取偶数的概率。
解:(1)P (X=k )=q k -1p k=1,2,……(2)Y=r+n={最后一次实验前r+n -1次有n 次失败,且最后一次成功},,2,1,0,)(111 ===+=-+--+n p q C p p q C n r Y P r n n n r r n n n r 其中 q=1-p ,或记r+n=k ,则 P {Y=k }= ,1,,)1(11+=----r r k p p C rk r r k (3)P (X=k ) = k - k=1,2…P (X 取偶数)=311145.0)55.0()2(1121===∑∑∞=-∞=k k k k X P 5、 一房间有3扇同样大小的窗子,其中只有一扇是打开的。
概率论与数理统计(经管类)第二章课后习题答案

习题2.11.设随机变量X 的分布律为P{X=k}=,k=1, 2,N,求常数a.aN 解:由分布律的性质=1得∑∞k =1p kP(X=1) + P(X=2) +…..+ P(X=N) =1N*=1,即a=1aN 2.设随机变量X 只能取-1,0,1,2这4个值,且取这4个值相应的概率依次为,,求常数c.12c 34c ,58c ,716c 解:12c +34c +58c +716c =1C=37163.将一枚骰子连掷两次,以X 表示两次所得的点数之和,以Y 表示两次出现的最小点数,分别求X,Y 的分布律.注: 可知X 为从2到12的所有整数值.可以知道每次投完都会出现一种组合情况,其概率皆为(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36,故P(X=2)=(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36(第一次和第二次都是1)P(X=3)=2*(1/36)=1/18(两种组合(1,2)(2,1))P(X=4)=3*(1/36)=1/12(三种组合(1,3)(3,1)(2,2))P(X=5)=4*(1/36)=1/9(四种组合(1,4)(4,1)(2,3)(3,2))P(X=6)=5*(1/36=5/36(五种组合(1,5)(5,1)(2,4)(4,2)(3,3))P(X=7)=6*(1/36)=1/6(这里就不写了,应该明白吧)P(X=8)=5*(1/36)=5/36P(X=9)=4*(1/36)=1/9P(X=10)=3*(1/36)=1/12P(X=11)=2*(1/36)=1/18P(X=12)=1*(1/36)=1/36以上是X 的分布律投两次最小的点数可以是1到6里任意一个整数,即Y 的取值了.P(Y=1)=(1/6)*1=1/6 一个要是1,另一个可以是任何值P(Y=2)=(1/6)*(5/6)=5/36 一个是2,另一个是大于等于2的5个值P(Y=3)=(1/6)*(4/6)=1/9 一个是3,另一个是大于等于3的4个值P(Y=4)=(1/6)*(3/6)=1/12一个是4,另一个是大于等于4的3个值P(Y=5)=(1/6)*(2/6)=1/18一个是5,另一个是大于等于5的2个值P(Y=6)=(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36一个是6,另一个只能是6以上是Y 的分布律了.4.设在15个同类型的零件中有2个是次品,从中任取3次,每次取一个,取后不放回.以X 表示取出的次品的个数,求X 的分布律.解:X=0,1,2X=0时,P=C 313C 315=2235X=1时,P=C 213∗C 12C 315=1235X=2时,P=C 013∗C 22C 315=1355.抛掷一枚质地不均匀的硬币,每次出现正面的概率为,连续抛掷8次,以X 表示出现正面的次数,求23X 的分布律.解:P{X=k}=, k=1, 2, 3, 8C k 8(23)k (13)8‒k 6.设离散型随机变量X 的分布律为X -123P141214解:求P {X ≤12}, P {23<X ≤52}, P {2≤X ≤3}, P {2≤X <3}P {X ≤12}=14P {23<X ≤52}=12P {2≤X ≤3}=12+14=34P {2≤X <3}=127.设事件A 在每一次试验中发生的概率分别为0.3.当A 发生不少于3次时,指示灯发出信号,求:(1)进行5次独立试验,求指示灯发出信号的概率;(2)进行7次独立试验,求指示灯发出信号的概率.解:设X 为事件A 发生的次数,(1)P {X ≥3}=P {X =3}+P {X =4}+P {X =5}=C 35(0.3)3(0.7)2+C 45(0.3)4(0.7)1+C 55(0.3)5(0.7)0=0.1323+0.02835+0.00243=0.163(2) P{X≥3}=1‒P{X=0}‒P{X=1}‒P{X=2}=1‒C07(0.3)0(0.7)7‒C17(0.3)1(0.7)6‒C27(0.3)2(0.7)5=1‒0.0824‒0.2471‒0.3177=0.3538.甲乙两人投篮,投中的概率分别为0.6,0.7.现各投3次,求两人投中次数相等的概率.解:设X表示各自投中的次数P{X=0}=C03(0.6)0(0.4)3∗C03(0.7)0(0.3)3=0.064∗0.027=0.002P{X=1}=C13(0.6)1(0.4)2∗C13(0.7)1(0.3)2=0.288∗0.189=0.054P{X=2}=C23(0.6)2(0.4)1∗C23(0.7)2(0.3)1=0.432∗0.441=0.191P{X=3}=C33(0.6)3(0.4)0∗C33(0.7)3(0.3)0=0.216∗0.343=0.074投中次数相等的概率= P{X=0}+P{X=1}+P{X=2}+P{X=3}=0.3219.有一繁忙的汽车站,每天有大量的汽车经过,设每辆汽车在一天的某段时间内出事故的概率为0.0001.在某天的该段时间内有1000辆汽车经过,问出事故的次数不小于2的概率是多少?(利用泊松分布定理计算)解:设X表示该段时间出事故的次数,则X~B(1000,0.0001),用泊松定理近似计算=1000*0.0001=0.1λP{X≥2}=1‒P{X=0}‒P{X=1}=1‒C01000(0.0001)0(0.9999)1000‒C11000(0.0001)1(0.9999)999=1‒e‒0.1‒0.1e‒0.1=1‒0.9048‒0.0905=0.004710.一电话交换台每分钟收到的呼唤次数服从参数为4的泊松分别,求:(1)每分钟恰有8次呼唤的概率;(2)每分钟的呼唤次数大于10的概率.解: (1) P{X=8}=P{X≥8}‒P{X≥9}=0.051134‒0.021363=0.029771(2) P{X>10}=P{X≥11}=0.002840习题2.21.求0-1分布的分布函数.解:F(x)={0, x<0q, 0≤x<11,x≥12.设离散型随机变量X的分布律为:3 OF 18X -123P0.250.50.25求X 的分布函数,以及概率,.P {1.5<X ≤2.5} P {X ≥0.5}解:當x <‒1時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=0;當‒1≤x <2時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}=0.25;當2≤x <3時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}+P {X =2}=0.25+0.5=0.75;當x ≥3時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}+P {X =2}+P {X =3}=0.25+0.5+0.25=1;则X 的分布函数F(x)为:F (x )={0, x <‒10.25, ‒1≤x <20.75, 2≤x <31, x ≥3P {1.5<X ≤2.5}=F (2.5)‒F (1.5)=0.75‒0.25=0.5 P {X ≥0.5}=1‒F (0.5)=1‒0.25=0.753.设F 1(x),F 2(x)分别为随机变量X 1和X 2的分布函数,且F(x)=a F 1(x)-bF 2(x)也是某一随机变量的分布函数,证明a-b=1.证: F (+∞)=aF (+∞)‒bF (+∞)=1,即a ‒b =14.如下4个函数,哪个是随机变量的分布函数:(1)F 1(x )={0, x <‒212, ‒2≤x <02, x ≥0(2)F 2(x )={0, x <0sinx, 0≤x <π1, x ≥π(3)F 3(x )={0, x <0sinx, 0≤x <π21, x ≥π2(4)F 4(x )={0, x <0x +13, 0<x <121, x ≥125.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F(x) =a+b arctanx ,‒∞<x <+∞,求(1)常数a,b;(2) P {‒1<X ≤1}解: (1)由分布函数的基本性质 得:F (‒∞)=0,F (+∞)=1{a +b ∗(‒π2)=0a +b ∗(π2)=1of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy5 OF 18解之a=, b=121π(2)P {‒1<X ≤1}=F (1)‒F (‒1)=a +b ∗π4‒(a +b ∗‒π4)=b ∗π2=12(将x=1带入F(x) =a+b arctanx )注: arctan 为反正切函数,值域(), arctan1=‒π2,π2 π46.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={0, x <1lnx, 1≤x <e1, x ≥e求P {X ≤2},P {0<X ≤3},P {2<X ≤2.5}解: 注: P {X ≤2}=F(2)=ln2 F(x)=P {X ≤x }P {0<X ≤3}=F (3)‒F (0)=1‒0=1;P {2<X ≤2.5}=F (2.5)‒F (2)=ln2.5‒ln2=ln2.52=ln1.25习题2.31.设随机变量X 的概率密度为:f (x )={acosx, |x |≤π20, 其他.求: (1)常数a; (2);(3)X 的分布函数F(x).P {0<X <π4}解:(1)由概率密度的性质∫+∞‒∞f (x )dx =1,∫π2‒π2acosxdx =a sinx |π2‒π2=asin π2‒asin (‒π2)=asin π2+asin π2=a +a =1A =12(2)P {0<X <π4}=(12)sin(π4)‒(12)sin (0)=12∗22+12∗0=24一些常用特殊角的三角函数值正弦余弦正切余切0010不存在π/61/2√3/2√3/3√3π/4√2/2√2/211of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy(3)X 的概率分布为:F (x )={0, x <‒π212(1+sinx ), ‒π2≤x <π21, x ≥π2 2.设随机变量X 的概率密度为f (x )=ae ‒|x |, ‒∞<x <+∞,求: (1)常数a; (2); (3)X 的分布函数. P {0≤X ≤1}解:(1),即a=∫+∞‒∞f(x)dx =∫0‒∞ae x dx +∫+∞ae ‒x dx =a +a =112(2)P {0≤X ≤1}=F (1)‒F (0)=12(1‒e ‒1)(3)X 的分布函数F (x )={12e x, x ≤01‒12e ‒x, x >03.求下列分布函数所对应的概率密度:(1)F 1(x )=12+1πarctanx , ‒∞<x <+∞;解:(柯西分布)f 1(x )=1π(1+x 2)(2)F 2(x )={1‒e ‒x 22, x >00, x ≤0π/3√3/21/2√3√3/3π/210不存在0π-1不存在7 OF 18解:(指数分布) f 2(x )={x e ‒x 22, x >00, x ≤0(3)F 3(x )={0, x <0sinx , 0≤ x ≤π21, x >π2解: (均匀分布)f 3(x )={cosx , 0≤ x ≤π20, 其他4.设随机变量X 的概率密度为f (x )={x, 0≤x <12‒x, 1≤ x <20, 其他.求: (1); (2)P {X ≥12} P {12<X <32}.解:(1)P {X ≥12}=1‒F (12)=1‒1222=1‒18=78(2)(2)P {12<X <32}=F(32)‒F(12)=(2∗32‒1‒3222)‒(3222)=345.设K 在(0,5)上服从均匀分布,求方程(利用二次式的判别式)4x 2+4Kx +K +2=0有实根的概率.解: K~U(0,5)f (K )={15 , 0≤x ≤50, 其他方程式有实数根,则Δ≥0,即(4K)2‒4∗4∗(K +2)=16K 2‒16(K +2)≥02≤K ≤‒1故方程有实根的概率为:P {K ≤‒1}+P {K ≥2}=∫5215dx =0.66.设X ~ U(2,5),现在对X 进行3次独立观测,求至少有两次观测值大于3的概率.解:P {K >3}=1‒F (3)=1‒3‒25‒2=23至少有两次观测值大于3的概率为:C 23(23)2(13)1+C 33(23)3(13)0=20277.设修理某机器所用的时间X 服从参数为λ=0.5(小时)指数分布,求在机器出现故障时,在一小时内可以修好的概率.解: P {X ≤1}=F (1)=1‒e‒0.58.设顾客在某银行的窗口等待服务的时间X(以分计)服从参数为λ=的指数分布,某顾客在窗口等待159 OF 18服务,若超过10分钟,他就离开.他一个月要到银行5次,以Y 表示他未等到服务而离开窗口的次数.写出Y 的分布律,并求P {Y ≥1}.解:“未等到服务而离开的概率”为P {X ≥10}=1‒F (10)=1‒(1‒e‒15∗10)=e ‒2P {Y =k }=C k 5(e ‒2)k(1‒e ‒2)5‒k , (k =0,1,2,3,4,5)Y 的分布律:Y 012345P0.4840.3780.1180.0180.0010.00004P {Y ≥1}=1‒P {Y =0}=1‒0.484=0.5169.设X ~ N(3,),求:22(1);P {2<X ≤5}, P {‒4<X ≤10}, P {|X |>2}, P {X >3}(2).常数c,使P {X >c }=P {X ≤c }解: (1)P {2<X ≤5}=Φ(5‒32)‒Φ(2‒32)=Φ(1)‒[1‒Φ(12)]=0.8413‒(1‒0.6915)=0.5328P {‒4<X ≤10}=Φ(10‒32)‒Φ(‒4‒32)=Φ(3.5)‒[1‒Φ(3.5)]=0.9998‒0.0002=0.9996 P {|X |>2}= 1‒P {‒2≤X ≤2}=1‒[Φ(2‒32)‒Φ(‒2‒32)]=1‒(0.3085‒0.0062)=0.6977P {X >3}= P {X ≥3}=1‒Φ(3‒32)=1‒Φ(0)=1‒0.5=0.5(2)P {X >c }=P {X ≤c }P {X >c }=1‒P {X ≥c }P {X >c }+P {X ≥c }=1Φ(c ‒32)+Φ(c ‒32)=1Φ(c ‒32)=0.5经查表,即C=3c ‒32=010.设X ~ N(0,1),设x 满足P {|X |>x }<0.1.求x 的取值范围.解:P {|X |>x }<0.12[1‒Φ(x )]<0.1‒Φ(x )<‒1920Φ(x )≥1920Φ(x )≥0.95经查表当 1.65时x ≥Φ(x )≥0.95即 1.65时x ≥P {|X |>x }<0.111.X ~ N(10,),求:22(1)P {7<X ≤15};(2)常数d,使P {|X ‒10|<d }<0.9.解: (1)P {7<X ≤15}=Φ(15‒102)‒Φ(7‒102)=Φ(2.5)‒[1‒Φ(1.5)]=0.9938‒0.0668=0.927(2)P {|X ‒10|<d }=P {10‒d <X <10+d }<0.9=Φ(10+d ‒102)‒Φ(10‒d ‒102)<0.9=Φ(d2)<0.95经查表,即d=3.3d2=1.6512.某机器生产的螺栓长度X(单位:cm)服从正态分布N(10.05,),规定长度在范围10.050.12内 0.062±为合格,求一螺栓不合格的概率.解:螺栓合格的概率为:P {10.05‒0.12<X <10.05+0.12}=P {9.93<X <10.17}=Φ(10.17‒10.050.06)‒Φ(9.93‒10.050.06)=Φ(2)‒[1‒Φ(2)]=0.9772∗2‒1=0.9544螺栓不合格的概率为1-0.9544=0.045613.测量距离时产生的随机误差X(单位:m)服从正态分布N(20,).进行3次独立测量.求:402(1)至少有一次误差绝对值不超过30m 的概率;(2)只有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率.解:(1)绝对值不超过30m的概率为:P{‒30<X<30}=Φ(30‒2040)‒Φ(‒30‒2040)=Φ(0.25)‒[1‒Φ(1.25)]=0.4931至少有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率为:1−C 03(0.4931)0(1‒0.4931)3=1‒0.1302=0.8698(2)只有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率为:C13(0.4931)1(1‒0.4931)2=0.3801习题2.41.设X的分布律为X-2023P0.20.20.30.3求(1)的分布律.Y1=‒2X+1的分布律; (2)Y2=|X|解: (1)的可能取值为5,1,-3,-5.Y1由于P{Y1=5}=P{‒2X+1=5}=P{X=‒2}=0.2P{Y1=1}=P{‒2X+1=1}=P{X=‒2}=0.2P{Y1=‒3}=P{‒2X+1=‒3}=P{X=2}=0.3P{Y1=‒5}=P{‒2X+1=‒5}=P{X=3}=0.3从而的分布律为:Y1X-5-315Y10.30.30.20.2(2)的可能取值为0,2,3.Y2由于P{Y2=0}=P{|X|=0}=P{X=0}=0.2P{Y2=2}=P{|X|=0}=P{X=‒2}+P{X=2}=0.2+0.3=0.5P{Y2=3}=P{|X|=3}=P{X=3}=0.3从而的分布律为:Y2X023Y20.20.50.32.设X的分布律为X-1012P0.20.30.10.411 OF 18求Y=(X‒1)2的分布律.解:Y的可能取值为0,1,4.由于P{Y=0}=P{(X‒1)2=0}=P{X=1}=0.1P{Y=1}=P{(X‒1)2=1}=P{X=0}+P{X=2}=0.7P{Y=4}=P{(X‒1)2=4}=P{X=‒1}=0.2从而的分布律为:YX014Y0.10.70.23.X~U(0,1),求以下Y的概率密度:(1)Y=‒2lnX; (2)Y=3X+1; (3)Y=e x.解: (1) Y=g(x)=‒2lnX, 值域為(0,+∞),X=ℎ(y)=e‒Y2, ℎ'(y)=12e‒Y2 f Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗12e‒Y2=12e‒Y2.即f Y(y)={12e‒Y2, y>0,0, y≤0(2) Y=g(x)=3X+1,值域為(‒∞,+∞), X=ℎ(y)=Y‒13, ℎ'(y)=13f Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗13=13即f Y(y)={13, 1< y<4,0, 其他注: 由X~U(0,1),,当X=0时,Y=3*0+1=1; ,当X=1时,Y=3*1+1=4 Y=3X+1(3) Y=g(x)=e x, X=ℎ(y)=lny, ℎ'(y)=1yf Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗1y=1y即f Y(y)={1y, 0< y<e,0, 其他注: ,当X=0时,; ,当X=1时,Y=e0=0 Y=e1=e4.设随机变量X的概率密度为f X(x)={32x2, ‒1<x<00, 其他.of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy13 OF 18求以下Y 的概率密度:(1)Y=3X; (2) Y=3-X; (3)Y =X 2.解: (1) Y=g(x)=3X,X =ℎ(y )=Y 3, ℎ'(y)=13f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=Y 26∗13=Y218即f Y (y )={Y 218, ‒3< y <0,0, 其他(2)Y=g(x) =3-X, X=h(y) =3-Y,-1ℎ'(y)=f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=32∗(3‒Y)2+1=3(3‒Y)22即f Y (y )={3(3‒Y)22, 3< y <4,0, 其他(3), X=h(y)=,Y =g(x)=X 2Y ℎ'(y)=12Y,即f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=3Y 22∗1 2Y=3Y4f Y (y )={3Y4, 0< y <1,0, 其他5.设X 服从参数为λ=1的指数分布,求以下Y 的概率密度:(1)Y=2X+1; (2)(3) Y =e x; Y =X 2.解: (1) Y=g(x)=2X+1,X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12, ℎ'(y )=12X 的概率密度为:f X (x )={λe ‒λx, x >0,0, x ≤0f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=λe ‒λ∗Y ‒12∗12=12e ‒Y ‒12即f Y (y )={12e ‒Y ‒12, y >00, 其他(2)Y =g (x )=e x , X =ℎ(y )=lnY,ℎ'(y )= 1Y注意是绝对值 ℎ'(y)of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyf Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=e‒lnY∗1Y =1e lnY ∗1Y =1Y ∗1Y =1Y 2即f Y (y )={1Y2, y >10, 其他(3)Y =g (x )=X 2,X =ℎ(y )=Y , ℎ'(y )=12Y,,f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=e ‒Y∗12Y=12Ye ‒Y即f Y (y )={12Ye ‒Y, y >00, 其他6.X~N(0,1),求以下Y 的概率密度:(1) Y =|X |; (2)Y =2X 2+1解: (1) Y =g (x )=|X |, X =ℎ(y )=±Y, ℎ'(y )=1f X (x )=12πσe‒(x ‒μ)22σ2‒∞<x <+∞当X=+Y 时:f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒y 22当X=-Y 时: f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe ‒y 22故f Y (y )=12πe ‒y 22+12πe‒y 22=22πe ‒y 22=42πe‒y 22=2πe ‒y 22f Y (y )={2πe ‒y 22, y >00, y ≤0(2)Y =g (x )=2X 2+1, X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12,ℎ'(y )=12Y ‒12永远大于0.e x 当x>0是,>1e xof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy15 OF 18f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒(Y ‒12)22∗12Y ‒12=12π(y ‒1)e‒y ‒14即f Y (y )={12π(y ‒1)e ‒y ‒14, y >10, y ≤1自测题一,选择题1,设一批产品共有1000件,其中有50件次品,从中随机地,有放回地抽取500件产品,X 表示抽到次品的件数,则P{X=3}= C .A. B.C. D.C 350C 497950C 5001000A 350A 497950A 5001000C 3500(0.05)3(0.95)497 35002.设随机变量X~B(4,0.2),则P{X>3}= A .A. 0.0016B. 0.0272C. 0.4096D. 0.8192解:P{X>3}= P{X=4}= (二项分布)C 44(0.2)4(1‒0.2)03.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F(x),下列结论中不一定成立的是D .A. B. C. D. F(x) 为连续函数F (+∞)=1 F (‒∞)=00≤F (x )≤14.下列各函数中是随机变量分布函数的为 B .A. B.F 1(x )=11+x 2, ‒∞<x <+∞F 2(x )={0, x ≤0x 1+x , x >0C.D.F 3(x )=e ‒x, ‒∞<x <+∞F 4(x )=34+12πarctanx, ‒∞<x <+∞5.设随机变量X 的概率密度为 则常数a= A .f (x )={a x 2, x >100, x ≤10A. -10B.C.D. 10解: F(x) =‒15001500∫+∞‒∞a x2dx =‒ax =16.如果函数是某连续型随机变量X 的概率密度,则区间[a,b]可以是 C f (x )={x, a<x <b0, 其他A. [0, 1]B. [0, 2]C. D. [1, 2][0,2]不晓得为何课后答案为Dof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy7.设随机变量X 的取值范围是[-1,1],以下函数可以作为X 的概率密度的是 A A. B. {12, ‒1< x <10, 其他{2, ‒1< x <10, 其他C.D. {x, ‒1< x <10, 其他{x 2, ‒1< x <10, 其他8.设连续型随机变量X 的概率密度为 则= B .f (x )={x2, 0< x <20, 其他P{‒1≤ X ≤1}A. 0 B. 0.25 C. 0.5 D. 1解:P {‒1≤ X ≤1}=∫1‒1x2dx =x 24|1‒1=149.设随机变量X~U(2,4),则= A . (需在区间2,4内)P{3< x <4}A. B. P{2.25< x <3.25}P{1.5< x <2.5}C. D. P{3.5< x <4.5}P{4.5< x <5.5}10. 设随机变量X 的概率密度为 则X~ A .f (x )=122πe ‒(x ‒1)28A. N (-1, 2)B. N (-1, 4)C. N (-1, 8)D. N (-1, 16)11.已知随机变量X 的概率密度为fx(x),令Y=-2X,则Y 的概率密度fy(y)为 D .A.B.C.D. 2f X (‒2y)f X (‒y2)12f X(‒y2)12f X (y 2)二,填空题1.已知随机变量X 的分布律为X 12345P2a0.10.3a0.3则常数a= 0.1 .解:2a+0.1+0.3+a+0.3=12.设随机变量X 的分布律为X 123P162636记X 的分布函数为F(x)则F(2)=.解: 1216+263.抛硬币5次,记其中正面向上的次数为X,则=.P{ X ≤4}3132解:P { X ≤4}=1‒P { X =5}=1‒C 55(12)5(12)自己算的结果是12f X(‒y2)17 OF 184.设X 服从参数为λ(λ>0)的泊松分布,且,则λ= 2 .P { X =0}=12P { X =2}解:分别将.P { X =0},P { X =2}帶入P k =P { X =k }=λk k!e ‒λ5.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={0, x <a0.4, a ≤x <b1, x ≥b其中0<a<b,则= 0.4.P {a2<X <a +b 2}解:P { a 2<X <a +b 2}=F (a +b 2)‒F (a 2)=0.4‒0=0.46.设X 为连续型随机变量,c 是一个常数,则= 0.P { X =c }7. 设连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={13e x, x <013(x +1), 0≤x <21, x ≥2则X 的概率密度为f(x),则当x<0是f(x)=.13e x 8. 设连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为其中概率密度为f(x),F (x )={1‒e ‒2x , x >00, x ≤0则f(1)= .2e ‒29. 设连续型随机变量X 的概率密度为其中a>0.要使,则常数a=f (x )={12a, ‒a < x <a 0, 其他P { X >1}=13 3 .解:P { X >1}=1‒P { X ≤1}=13,P { X ≤1}=23=12a10.设随机变量X~N(0,1),为其分布函数,则= 1 .Φ(x)Φ(x )+Φ(‒x)11.设X~N ,其分布函数为为标准正态分布函数,则F(x)与之间的关系是(μ,σ2)F (x ),Φ(x)Φ(x)=.F (x )Φ(x ‒μσ)12.设X~N(2,4),则= 0.5 .P { X ≤2}13.设X~N(5,9),已知标准正态分布函数值,为使,则Φ(0.5)=0.6915P { X <a }<0.6915常数a< 6.5. 解:, F (a )=Φ(a ‒μσ)=a ‒53a ‒53<0.514. 设X~N(0,1),则Y=2X+1的概率密度= .f Y (y )122πe‒(Y ‒1)28解:Y =g (x )=2X +1, X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12,ℎ'(y )=12f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒(Y ‒12)22∗12=122πe‒(Y ‒1)28三.袋中有2个白球3个红球,现从袋中随机地抽取2个球,以X 表示取到红球的数,求X 的分布律.解: X=0,1,2当X=0时,P { X =0}=C 03∗C 22C 25=110当X=1时,P { X =1}=C 13∗C 12C 25=610当X=2时,P { X =2}=C 23∗C 02C 25=310X 的分布律为:X 012P110610310四.设X 的概率密度为求: (1)X 的分布函数F(x);(2).f (x )={|x|, ‒1≤ x ≤10, 其他 P { X <0.5},P { X >‒0.5}解: (1)当x <-1时. F(x)=0;;当‒1≤x <0时,F(x)=∫x‒1‒x dx =‒x 22|x ‒1=12‒x 22当0≤x <1时,F (x )=1‒ 1∫xx dx =1‒x 22|1x =12+x 22当x ≥1时. F(x)=1F (X )={0, X <‒112‒x22, ‒1≤X <012+x22, 0≤X <11, X ≥1(2)P { X <0.5}=F (0.5)=12+0.522=58;P { X >‒0.5}=1‒F (‒0.5)=1‒(12‒0.522)=58五.已知某种类型电子组件的寿命X(单位:小时)服从指数分布,它的概率密度为f (x )={12000e ‒x 2000, x >00, x ≤0We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "zero resistance". To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure "zero." To strengthening Humanities care,continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in theof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy19 OF 18一台仪器装有4个此种类型的电子组件,其中任意一个损坏时仪器便不能正常工作,假设4个电子组件损坏与否相互独立.试求: (1)一个此种类型电子组件能工作2000小时以上的概率;(2)一台仪器能正p 1常工作2000小时以上的概率.p 2解: (1)P 1=P {X ≥2000}=∫+∞200012000e‒x 2000dx=12000∗‒2000∗e‒x2000|+∞2000=‒e‒x 2000|+∞2000=0‒(‒e ‒1)=e ‒1(2)因4个电子组件损坏与否相互独立,故:P 2=P 14=(e ‒1)4=e ‒4当+∞带入‒x2000时变成负无穷大,e ‒∞=0。
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第二章练习题(答案)一、单项选择题1.已知连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥<≤+<=ππx x b kx x x F ,10,0,0)( 则常数k 和b 分别为 ( A )(A )0,1==b k π (B )π1,0b k = (C )0,21==b k π (D )π21,0==b k . 2.下列函数哪个是某随机变量的分布函数 ( A )A. f (x )={xa e −x 22a,x ≥01, x <0(a >0); B. f (x )={12cosx, 0< x <π0, 其他C. f (x )={cosx, −π2< x <π20, 其他D. f (x )={sinx, −π2< x <π20, 其他3.若函数()f x 是某随机变量X 的概率密度函数,则一定成立的是 ( C ) A. ()f x 的定义域是[0,1] B. ()f x 的值域为[0,1] C. ()f x 非负 D. ()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续4. 设)1,1(~N X ,密度函数为)(x f ,则有( C ) A.{}{}00>=≤X P X P B. )()(x f x f -= C. {}{}11>=≤X P X P D. )(1)(x F x F --=5. 设随机变量()16,~μN X ,()25,~μN Y ,记()41-<=μX P p ,()52+>=μY P p ,则正确的是 ( A ).(A )对任意μ,均有21p p = (B )对任意μ,均有21p p < (C )对任意μ,均有21p p > (D )只对μ的个别值有21p p = 6. 设随机变量2~(10,)X N ,则随着的增加{10}P X ( C )A.递增B.递减C.不变D.不能确定7.设F 1(x )与F 2(x )分别为随机变量X 1、X 2的分布函数,为使F (x )=aF 1(x )-bF 2(x )是某一随机变量的分布函数,在下列给定的多组数值中应取 ( A )A . a =53, b =52-; B . a =32, b =32;C . 21-=a , 23=b ; D . 21=a , 23-=b .8.设X 1与X 2是任意两个相互独立的连续型随机变量,它们的概率密度函数分别为f 1(x )和f 2(x ),分布函数分别为F 1(x )和F 2(x ),则 ( D ) (A) f 1(x )+f 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的概率密度; (B )f 1(x )•f 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的概率密度; (C )F 1(x )+F 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的分布函数; (D) F 1(x ) •F 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的分布函数。
9. 设连续随机变量X 的密度函数满足)()(x f x f -=,)(x F 是X 的分布函数, 则 =>)2004(X P ( D ) (A) )2004(2F -; (B)1)2004(2-F ;(C))2004(21F -; (D))]2004(1[2F -. 10. 每次试验成功率为)10(<<p p ,进行重复试验,直到第十次试验才取得4次成功的概率为( B )64410)1(p p C A -、 6439)1(p p C B -、 5449)1(p p C C -、 6339)1(p p C D -、 11.设随机变量X 的概率密度为f(x)=12e -|X|,(-∞<x <+∞),则其分布函数 F (x )是 ( B )(A )F (x )=1,021,0xe x x ⎧<⎪⎨⎪≥⎩ (B )F (x )=1,0211,02xx e x e x -⎧<⎪⎪⎨⎪-≥⎪⎩(C)F(x)=11,021,0xe xx-⎧-<⎪⎨⎪≥⎩(D)F(x)=1,0211,0121,0xxe xe xx-⎧<⎪⎪⎪-≤<⎨⎪≥⎪⎪⎩二、填空题1. 设随机变量X的概率密度为2(2)4(),xf x x+-=-∞<<∞且~(0,1)Y aX b N=+()0>a,则a=22,=b2.2. 已知随机变量X的分布函数010.411()0.71313xxF xxx<-⎧⎪-≤<⎪=⎨≤<⎪⎪≥⎩,则X的分布律为3.设三次独立试验中,事件A出现的概率相等,如果已知A至少出现一次的概率等于2719,则事件A在一次试验中出现的概率为 1/3 .4.X~B(2,p),Y~B(4,p),已知p{X≥1}=59,则p{Y≥1}=6581三、计算题1. 设连续型随机变量X的分布函数为+∞<<∞-+=xxBAxF,arctan)(. 求(1) 常数A和B; (2) X落入区间)1,1(-的概率; (3) X的概率密度)(xf(1)A=1/2,B=1/π; (2)1/2; (3) f(x)=1π11+x²(-∞<x<∞) X -1 1 3P 0.4 0.3 0.32. 设连续型随机变量X的分布函数为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤<-+-≤=,,1,,arcsin ,,0)(a x a x a a x B A a x x F 其中a >0, 求: (1) 常数A 、B ; (2) }2{aXP <; (3) 概率密度f (x ).(1)A=1/2,B=1/π; (2)1/3; (3) f(x)={√22,|x |<a0, |x |≥a3. 若ζ~U[0,5], 求方程x 2+ζx+1=0有实根的概率.4.设连续型随机变量的概率密度为⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥<≤<=2,0;20,41;0,)(x x x ke x f x求(1)系数k ;(1)ξ的分布函数;(3){}{}{}21,1,1<<=≤ξξξP P P . 5.已知随机变量X 的概率密度为⎩⎨⎧⋅≤>=-0,0,0,)(x x e x f x 求随机变量(1)X Y 2=,(2)X Y 2e -=(3)2X Y =的概率分布. 6.设X ~N (0,1)求Y=X 2的概率密度。
7.进行一系列独立试验,每次试验成功的概率均为p ,试求以下事件的概率:(1)直到第r 次才成功;(2)第r 次成功之前恰失败k 次; (3)在n 次中取得)1(n r r ≤≤次成功;(4)直到第n 次才取得)1(n r r ≤≤次成功。
解:(1)1)1(--=r p p P (2)kr r k r p p C P )1(11-=--+ (3)r n r r n p p C P --=)1((4)rn r r n p p C P ----=)1(11 8.投掷次均匀硬币,求出现正反面次数相等的概率。
解 若为奇数, 显然, 出现正反面次数不可能相等, 故所求概率为0;若为偶数,“出现正反面次数相等”等价于“出现正反面次数各次”,投掷次均匀硬币,可以看作伯努里概型,故这时概率为:。
ξn n n 2/n n nn n C )21(2/故所求为:。
9.某科统考成绩近似服从N(70,10²),在参加统考的人数中,及格者100人(及格分数为60分),计算 (1)不及格人数;(2)成绩前10名的人数在考生中所占的比例; (3)估计排名第10名考生的成绩。
解:设考生的统考成绩为X,X ~N(70,10²).设参加统考的人数为n, 则P{x ≧60}=1-Ø(60−7010)=Ø(1)=0.8413,100n=0.8413.(1) 不及格人数占统考人数的15.87%,不及格人数为0.1587n ≈19人。
(2) 前10名考生所占比例为10n ≈8.4%(3) 设第10名考生成绩为x 0分,P{X ≧x 0}=0.08413,P{X<x 0}=0.91587 Ø(x 0−7010)=0.91587,x 0−7010=1.37, x 0=83.7≈84分。
10.离散型随机变量x 的分布函数F(x)={0, x <−1a,−1≤x <1−a,1≤x <2a +b, x ≥2,且p(x=2)= 12.求a,b 及x 的分布律.11.巴拿赫火柴盒问题:波兰数学家巴拿赫(Banach )随身带着两盒火柴,分别放在左右两个衣袋里,每盒各有n 根火柴。
每次使用时,他随机地从其中一盒中取出一根。
试求他将其中一盒火柴用完,而另一盒中剩下k 根火柴的概率。
解:A :“取左衣袋盒中火柴”,B :“取右衣袋盒中火柴”。
P(A)=P(B)=1/2. 若Banach 首次发现他左衣袋盒中火柴用完,这时事件A 已经是第n+1次⎩⎨⎧--------------分为偶数分为奇数12.,22,,02/n C n nn n发生了,而此时他右衣袋盒中火柴恰好剩k 根—相当于他在此前已在右衣袋中取走了n-k 根火柴,即B 发生了n-k 次,即一共做了n-k+n+1=2n-k+1次随机试验,其中A 发生了n+1次,B 发生了n-k 次,在这2n-k+1次试验中,第2n-k+1次是A 发生,前面的2n-k 次试验中,A 发生了n 次,B发生了n-k 次,这时概率为P(A)C 2n−k n (P (A ))n (P (B ))n−k = 12C 2n−k n (12)2n−k由对称性知,他右衣袋盒中火柴用完,而左衣袋盒中火柴恰好剩k 根的概率也是 12C 2n−k n (12)2n−k 。
所以,将其中一盒火柴用完,而另一盒中剩下k 根火柴的概率为C 2n−k n (12)2n−k 。
四、应用题1.某家电维修站保养本地区某品牌的600台电视机,已知每台电视机的故障率为0.005。
(1)如果维修站有4名维修工,每台只需1人维修,求电视机能及时维修的概率。
(2)维修站需配备多少维修工,才能使及时维修的概率不少于96%。
解:设同一时刻发生故障的电视机台数为X, X~B(600,0.005),由于n 很大,而P 较小,可以利用泊松定理计算。
λ=np=3,所以 P{X ≦4}=1-0.1847=0.8153(查表)P{X ≦n}≧0.96,查表知n=6,即需配备6名维修工。
2.人寿保险问题:某单位有2500个职工参加某保险公司的人寿保险。
根据以前的统计资料,在1年内每个人死亡的概率为0.0001。
每个参保人1年付给保险公司120元保险费,而在死亡时其家属从保险公司领取20000元,求(不计利息)下列事件的概率。
(A )保险公司亏本。
(B )保险公司1年获利不少于十万元。
解:设这2500人中有k 个人死亡。