the Infinitive
动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式（The Infinitive ）一、动词不定式的形式及意义构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动一般式to do to be done for sb.to do sth.of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing /不定式虽然没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍有时间先后顺序。
1、不定式的一般式，表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
We are very glad to meet you again.再次见到你，我们非常高兴。
（同时发生）I hope to see you next week .我希望下周能见到你。
[不等式动作发生在谓语之后]I am ready to shave .我要刮脸了。
（自己挂自己的脸）I am ready to be shaved .我准备好刮脸了。
（由别人给自己刮脸）2、不定式的进行式，表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
They are to be waiting for us at the station.他们在车站等我们。
（作表语）He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.我进去时他假装在专心读书。
（作宾语）3、不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me .他假装没有看见我。
He is the first student in the school to have got the prize .在该校，它是第一个获得该奖的学生。
There is no need to have worried about it like that.不需要那样担忧。
The room seems to have been tidied up already .这个房子似乎好像已经整理过了。
INFINITIVE-zoe1
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
巩固练习3 1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
表结果
c)作修饰表语形容词的状语: 修饰形容词的不定式 作修饰表语形容词的状语:
用主动表示被动: 主动表示被动:
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
6) 作状语 (adverbial) 注意: 注意 too…to… 的含义 (1) 在某些形容词后没有否定含义 而表示肯定 在某些形容词后没有否定含义. 而表示肯定 肯定. adj. anxious, delighted, glad, surprised, willing, easy, ready… Eg. She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 看到她父亲那么生气, 她非常吃惊. 看到她父亲那么生气 她非常吃惊 (2) 在 all, but, not, never, only, quite 等后 表示肯定 等后, 表示肯定 肯定. eg. It’s never too old to learn.
动词不定式完整版
The ice is hard enough to skate on.
He bought a toy to play with.
of It’s kind ______you to help me You are kind to help me.
1. It’s very nice of them to send (send) me the flowers. 2. To become (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) To learn English well is very important. A 4.It’s important _____Chinese well. A.to learn B. learn
3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.
It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.
不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出， 也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
Hear sb doing sth.听见某人正在做某事 Hear sb do sht.听见某人做某事
1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _____ A Chinese Kongfu . A.plays B. played C. to play D. playing 2.Mr. Brown made his students B the new words again. _____ A.copying B. copy C. to copy D. copied
动词不定式
动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式（The Infinitive）一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语。
二、不定式的功能与用法（1）作主语：To see is to believe.眼见为实。
（百闻不如一见）To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂，无一精通。
注意：不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
例如：It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。
★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。
1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
The-infinitive-动词不定式
构成形式
作 用
例 句
who what which how 等＋to do where when
主 When to start has 语 not been decided.
表 The question is 语 where to go. 宾 I don’t know how to 语 do.
宾 Nobody told us 补 what to do.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me half an hour to choose an outfit.
3.若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征， 则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of It be adj. /n. of sb. to do sth.
作宾语 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.
口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装； 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/wish refuse, manage, care, pretend volunteer, promise, choose, plan, order, agree, ask/beg, help
比较： I heard her singing in the next room. （正在唱） I heard her sing in the next room. （听完全过程）
作状语 (adverbial)：表示目的、原因、结果
He came to show me his new CD player. (目的) I went there to see my teacher. (目的)
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式（the infinitive）的基本用法动词不定式1.基本构成：to+动词原形，其否定形式是“not/never to do/not do”.2.基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。
一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。
e.g. To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easyto learn English well.★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成,即：It’s+ adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.跟踪操演1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers.2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream.3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换)________ ________ English well ______ very important.4.It’s important _______ Chinese well.A. to learnB. learnC. learningD. learns2.作表语eg：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.表语是用来透露表现主语的身份、状况和特性等，可与系动词组成系表布局。
eg：Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.My job is to clean the streets.跟踪操演1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day.2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor.3.作宾语eg：The driver offered to help the patient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。
动词不定式做主语宾语及双宾语结构
动词不定式(the infinitive)用法梳理（1）定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构：“to +动词原形”，即“to do”,其中 to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为：not / never + to do句法功能：一、用作主语○1多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
E.g. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well.1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems.2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.○2动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.○3疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
How to learn English well is important.4. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans5. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.7. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.A. for ， ofB. of ， forC. to ， forD. of ， to二、 用作宾语1. 可以接带to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有： 在want ， like ， agree ， hope ， wish ， learn ， begin ，start ， seem ， decide ， hate ， choose ， forget ， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。
The Infinitive
The Infinitive动词不定式基本结构：to do 否定式：nou to do一.用法1.动词不定式在句中作主语（subject）1)To read comics is exciting.→It is exciting to read comics.2)To read English well is very important for us.→It is very important for us to learn English well. 结构：形式主语it+形容词+（for sb）to do sth.3)It’s very kind of you to help me.★形容词kind,foolish,clever,subject,sensible等用It is+形容词+of sb to do sth.2.动词不定式在句中作宾语（object）1)The young man offered to carry the suitcase for Grandma.2)I hope to be an engineer.以下动词后接动词不定式agree to do sth(同意做某事) start to do sth(开始做某事)decide to do sth(决定做某事) expect to do sth(期待做某事)hope to do sth(希望做某事) want to do sth(想要做某事)wish to do sth(希望做某事) fail to do sth(未能做某事)forget to do sth(忘记做某事) remember to do sth(记得做某事)happen to do sth(碰巧做某事) help to do sth(帮助做某事)learn to do sth(学会做某事) love to do sth(喜欢做某事)like to do sth(喜爱做某事) offer to do sth(主动去做某事)plan to do sth(计划做某事) promise to do sth(承诺做某事)refuse to do sth(拒绝做某事) arrange to do sth(安排做某事)3.动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语（object complement）1)My parents want me to get good marks.动词+宾格+不定式ask sb (not) to do sth要求某人(不要)做某事tell sb (not) to do sth吩咐某人(不要)做某事want sb to do sth想要某人(不要)做某事allow sb (not) to do sth允许某人(不要)做某事invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事expect sb (not) to do sth期待某人(不要)做某事wish sb (not) to do sth希望某人(不要)做某事beg sb (not) to do sth请求某人(不要)做某事2）I often see students study hard in the classroom.Let’s study hard from now.We will succeed in June.以下动词后接不加to的不定式。
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4. 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike _____________________ to be repaired at once ______________. /immediately 5. 玛莉仿佛已经被告知此事了。 Mary seemed ______________________. to have been told about it 6. 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。 He is known _________________ a gold to have been given medal at the Olympics.
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告诉任何人这事。
注意
*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如
1) To get there by car takes a whole day. 2) To make a plan for our future is important. 3) It’s still a question how to get enough money.
6. Tom kept quieΒιβλιοθήκη about the accident
＿＿ lose his job.
A. so not as to C. so as to not B. so as not to D. not so as to
7. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not C. not to eat B. eating not D. not eating
Identify its function.
想一想
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. (subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. (predicative)
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语
动 词 不 定 式
I want to see you this evening.
宾语
All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
We found a house to live in. 定语
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
翻译下面的句子。 1. 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 ____________________ are both great To love and to be loved happiness. 2. 据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said _________________________ to have finished/completed ________. his work 3. 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ___________________. to have arrived safely
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
2. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.
1. Last summer I took a course on ____.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job. A. expected C. to be expecting B. to expect D. expects
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人.
Betty was the first to know the truth.
定语
1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不 定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地 点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 She is looking for a room to live in.
五看
三使
make
have
二听
listen to hear
一感觉:feel
I heard them sing a pop song .
The teacher made me answer the question.
We watched them play football .
但是不定式用于被动语态中做主 语补足语时，to不可省。
插入语
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right. It is right to give up smoking.
介词后一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾 语，但可用带疑问词的不定式
Marx gave some advice on how to learn English well. ※但but,except后可跟不定式作宾语 The boss had no choice but to give in. ※但当主要动词是do时，to省掉 They could do nothing but wait.
一.结构 : to do;(否定) not to do
二. 时态与语态 主动语态 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式
to do to be doing
被动语态
to be done
----------
to have done to have been done to have been 完成进行式 ---------doing
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute) 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. (attribute) 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object) 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
3. There are five pairs _____, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen C to choose B to choose from D for choosing
4. I find these problems are easy _____. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 5. ______ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。
She asked me to stay there. 2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
作宾补
有些动词后面跟不定式做宾语补足语时，常省 略不定式“to”符号 watch see look at observe notice let
(1).They pretended not to see us.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎同时/发生在 它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作 也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
插入语
To
独立成分（the independent element)
不定式作独立成分(插入语)。
tell (you) the truth, he doesn’t agree with you.
To
begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful