动词不定式(The-Infinitive)
动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式（The Infinitive ）一、动词不定式的形式及意义构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动一般式to do to be done for sb.to do sth.of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing /不定式虽然没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍有时间先后顺序。
1、不定式的一般式，表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
We are very glad to meet you again.再次见到你，我们非常高兴。
（同时发生）I hope to see you next week .我希望下周能见到你。
[不等式动作发生在谓语之后]I am ready to shave .我要刮脸了。
（自己挂自己的脸）I am ready to be shaved .我准备好刮脸了。
（由别人给自己刮脸）2、不定式的进行式，表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
They are to be waiting for us at the station.他们在车站等我们。
（作表语）He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.我进去时他假装在专心读书。
（作宾语）3、不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me .他假装没有看见我。
He is the first student in the school to have got the prize .在该校，它是第一个获得该奖的学生。
There is no need to have worried about it like that.不需要那样担忧。
The room seems to have been tidied up already .这个房子似乎好像已经整理过了。
动词不定式做主语-宾语-及双宾语结构
动词不定式（the ｉnfiｎitivｅ）用法梳理（1)定义: 动词不定式是由“不定式符号ｔo+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
结构：“to +动词原形”，即“tｏdo”,其中ｔo不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式为: noｔ / neｖer + to do句法功能:一、用作主语＼o＼ac(○,1)多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。
E.ｇ.Ｔo leaｒｎEnglｉsh weｌlｉsｎot easy.= It’s nｏt easｙｔo learｎＥnglishｗell.１.I t is ouｒｄｕty to try our bｅst ｔo ｄｅａl with theｓe proｂlemｓ．2. Ｔhe heａd teａcherｓaｉｄit was necessaｒｙto talk with hｉs mｏtｈｅr.错误!动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Ｔo see iｓto beｌieve.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。
.错误!疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首。
Hｏw tｏlｅarn Englｉsh ｗelｌis important.补充:用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
如：①Ｉｔ＋be＋名词＋to do It's ｏur ｄutｙｔo taｋe good cａre of ｔhe old.②It takes sb + some timｅ+to do How lonｇdiｄit taｋe ｙou tｏfinish thｅｗoｒｋ？③It＋be＋形容词＋ｆoｒｓｂ+to do逻辑主语Iｔis diffiｃulｔｆor us tｏfiniｓh wｒitｉng tｈe compｏsitiｏn a quaｒter ofａn hoｕr.④It+be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do“Iｔｉs stupiｄｏf ｙou ｔo ｗrｉtｅｄowｎevｅｒything”, thｅtea ｃhｅr says．注意：在③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：ｄｉｆficuｌｔ，eａsy, hard，importａnt, impoｓｓible, nec ｅｓsary等;在④中，常用cａrelesｓ, clever, ｇood，ｆoolish，hｏnest，kiｎd, ｌazy, ｎice, right, silｌｙ, stupiｄ，ｗiｓｅ等表示赞扬或批评的词，强调对人的评价。
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式(The Infinitive)动词不定式有两种形式，带to的不定式和不带to的不定式（也称动词原形）。
不定式不能作句子的谓语，但它具有动词的一些特征，如：可以带有自己的宾语、状语及逻辑主语。
一、不定式的特征①及物动词的不定式可以跟宾语I like to read detective stories. 我喜欢读侦探故事。
It is important and necessary to master a foreign language and computer skills.掌握一门外语和电脑技能很重要也很有必要。
②可以被状语修饰He asked me to say my name aloud. 他让我大声说出我的名字。
I was told to drive the car carefully and slowly. 有人告诉我开车要小心，速度要慢。
③没有人称和数的变化：即不受主语的人称和单复数的限定或影响。
She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。
She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小时就喜欢弹奏手风琴。
④不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出It's important for us to look into the world. 放眼世界对我们来说很重要。
It's impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.不提前告诉别人去拜访是很不礼貌的。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后性，具体形式如表：①不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
She seems to know all, which makes her lose many friends.她似乎什么都知道，这使她失去了很多朋友。
INFINITIVE-zoe1
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
巩固练习3 1.The boy pretended ____ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_____ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
表结果
c)作修饰表语形容词的状语: 修饰形容词的不定式 作修饰表语形容词的状语:
用主动表示被动: 主动表示被动:
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
6) 作状语 (adverbial) 注意: 注意 too…to… 的含义 (1) 在某些形容词后没有否定含义 而表示肯定 在某些形容词后没有否定含义. 而表示肯定 肯定. adj. anxious, delighted, glad, surprised, willing, easy, ready… Eg. She was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 看到她父亲那么生气, 她非常吃惊. 看到她父亲那么生气 她非常吃惊 (2) 在 all, but, not, never, only, quite 等后 表示肯定 等后, 表示肯定 肯定. eg. It’s never too old to learn.
动词不定式
动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式（The Infinitive）一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，它可以有自己的宾语或状语。
二、不定式的功能与用法（1）作主语：To see is to believe.眼见为实。
（百闻不如一见）To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂，无一精通。
注意：不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
例如：It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。
★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。
1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
The-infinitive-动词不定式
构成形式
作 用
例 句
who what which how 等＋to do where when
主 When to start has 语 not been decided.
表 The question is 语 where to go. 宾 I don’t know how to 语 do.
宾 Nobody told us 补 what to do.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me half an hour to choose an outfit.
3.若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征， 则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of It be adj. /n. of sb. to do sth.
作宾语 (v. + to do ) I want to buy a computer. She hopes to find a better job. I wish to go with you.
口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装； 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/wish refuse, manage, care, pretend volunteer, promise, choose, plan, order, agree, ask/beg, help
比较： I heard her singing in the next room. （正在唱） I heard her sing in the next room. （听完全过程）
作状语 (adverbial)：表示目的、原因、结果
He came to show me his new CD player. (目的) I went there to see my teacher. (目的)
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法
初中英语动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式（the infinitive）的基本用法动词不定式1.基本构成：to+动词原形，其否定形式是“not/never to do/not do”.2.基本用法：不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。
一、不定式的句法功能1.作主语eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school.不定式做主语时,常用代词it来代替不定式结构,这时it被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置，往往放v.和adj.之后。
e.g. To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easyto learn English well.★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for+名词或代词宾格”构成,即：It’s+ adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.跟踪操演1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers.2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream.3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换)________ ________ English well ______ very important.4.It’s important _______ Chinese well.A. to learnB. learnC. learningD. learns2.作表语eg：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.表语是用来透露表现主语的身份、状况和特性等，可与系动词组成系表布局。
eg：Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school.My job is to clean the streets.跟踪操演1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day.2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor.3.作宾语eg：The driver offered to help the patient.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，表示命令、打算或希望等。
非谓语形式
非谓语形式不受主语的限制，因此又被称为动词的非限定形式(Non-finite Forms of Verbs)。
确切地讲，非谓语动词实际上指动词的非谓语形式。
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
1.不定式(The Infinitive)，由to +动词原形构成，to 为不定式符号，并无实际意义。
2.动名词(The Gerund)，由动词+ing构成。
3.分词(The Participle)
1）现在分词（The Present Participle),由动词+ing构成
2）过去分词（The Past Participle),由动词+ed构成。
非谓语动词具有以下特征：
非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语。
非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。
非谓语动词具有动词的功能，如可以有自己的宾语，但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数的变化。
例：Growing flowers is my hobby.
Thank you for helping us.
I hope to see you again.
使用非谓语动词的条件：
在一个句子中，已经存在一个谓语动词，而又没有连词的情况下，其他的动词就需要使用非谓语形式。
She got off the bus, __leaving_____(leave)her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but __left___ (leave) her handbag on her seat.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit1 Infinitive(动词不定式)Teaching aims1 .Knowledge Aim: The Infinitive2. Ability Aims: Enable Ss to use the Infinitive correctly.3. Learning ability: Teach Ss how to use the Infinitive correctly.Teaching important points: The InfinitiveTeaching difficult points: Using the Infinitive correctly in different situations.Teaching methods Task-based learning instructions practiceTeaching aids: Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching toolsTeaching ProceduresI. 不定式在句中的功能做主语:那样做是很幼稚的. To act like that is childish.为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定式后置.要学好英语不是那么容易的。
It is not easy to learn English well.(2) 做宾语她喜欢谈论这件事情。
She loves to talk about the matter.他希望不久能找到工作.He hopes to find a job soon.常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等<1>.不定式有时和连接代/副词一起构成宾语.Do you remember which way to get there?下一步干什么你决定了吗?Have you decided what to do next?我来问他怎么样开这机器.I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.<2>有时不定式由whether引起.I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it.<3>feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,补语是形容词(间或是名词),常用it作形式宾语,把不定式后移.I find it difficult to work with him.3.做宾语补足语:常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want, expect, permit, request, allow, command, tell ,invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise, persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.Father will not allow us to play on the street.My brother asked me to clean the room with him.后接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有: let, hear, have , make ,see, observe, feel, watch, notice 等.The policeman saw a child play in the street.A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.4.做表语不定式可用作表语,说明主语的具体内容.My work is to clean the room every day.我的梦想是成为一名医生.His dream is to be a doctor.5.做定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.She is the first student to come to school.6.做状语(1) 做目的状语，常用的结构：to do ; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such…as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.(2) 做结果状语：常与副词only , enough 或too连用。
He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.不定式做原因状语：一般用在句尾I’m glad to see y ou.She wept to see the sight.III. 不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由：“not +不定式”构成，否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。
请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.IV. 不定式的时态：（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。
（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.(3) 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
他好象正在吃什么东西。
He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。
据说她研究这问题有好多年了。
She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.StepⅣPractice1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped______ on a big rock by the side of the path.to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2. We’re planning ______ a party next week.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had3. ---Which do you prefer ____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?---- Neither.Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4. Did you find out _____ the pie out of the oven?A. When to takeB. to takeC. have takenD. being taken5._____ get a complete picture, further information is needed.In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have6. It’ s necessary ____ so me English grammar.A. for students to learnB. for students learningC. of students to learnD.of students learning7. I ought to ____ him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tellB. remember tellingC. have remembered to tellD. have remembered telling8. I ____ you the exciting news, but you were not at home.Meant telling B. meant to telling C. Meant to having told D. meant to tellPractice 1-5CABAB 6-8 ACD高考链接1.I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (2005 天津)A. To soundB. to be soundedC. SoundingD. to have sounded解析: want 后接不定式;sound 是系动词,没有被动式;句中没有强调完成的时间状语或含义.2.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at thesports star.(2005 上海)A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have解析: 不定式to have 在此做目的状语.3. ---Is Bob still performing?---- I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005 江苏) A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left解析:主语he与leave是主动关系,句中出现了already, to have left表示该动作发生在主语谓语is said 之前.4. ---Can the project he finished as planned?----Sure,______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. (2005福建)having got B. to get C. getting D. get解析: 每天加班两个小时的目的是使工程及时完工,只有不定式表目的.The Infinitive（动词不定式）动词不定式是高考的必考语法项目，考查内容复杂，在复习备考中要重视【基础过关】（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。