Metaphor与Analogy的对比学习
Metaphor
Laws…like cobwebs, where the small flies are
caught and the great break through. 法律……犹如蛛网，小的蚊蝇给网捕住，大的则 一冲而过。
Metaphor
Varieties of Metaphor--Extended metaphor 延喻--Types of extended metaphor
Contents
• Metaphor • Analogy • Metaphor & Analogy
Metaphor
• Metaphor
a way of describing something by
referring to it as something different
and suggesting that it has similar
means proportion.
vs.
Analogy
Essence Structure
A figure of speech; an implicit comparison
Rather than a figure of speech, more of a logical argument; a rather parallel relationship of two objects
qualities of that thing
Another definition: like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.
game are what we call the laws of nature. (棋盘如世界，游戏规则如同自然法则.)
Metaphor
※ Idioms or phrases with Metaphor（1）
Teach a fish to swim 班门弄斧 Feather one’s nest 中饱私囊 Beard the lion in his den 虎口拔牙 Add insult to injury 雪上加霜 Cast pearls before swine 对牛弹琴 Hold the candle to the devil 助纣为虐 Cry up wine and sell vinegar 挂羊头，卖狗肉 Fish in the air 水中捞月
Analogy
• Analogy
analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things （two things not in one aspect）that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
• ①Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.
• ②The man who cannot be trusted is to society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house.
PPT模板下载：/moban/
Metaphor & Analogy
(1) Reading is the food of the mind.
(2) Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
( 1 ) metaphor ( 2 ) analogy
…again out leapt the fifth flash, with the spring of a serpent and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning.
1.[Verb] types:
Her eyes, pools of love, were rippling in tenderness. (她的双眼似爱的池塘，正泛着柔情蜜意的涟漪.)
2.[Noun] types
Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is
Metaphor sustained metaphor 博喻 extended metaphor 延喻
Metaphor
Varieties of Metaphor--Sustained metaphor 博喻
A comparison between two unlike things that continues through a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem.
美不过是作不得准的浮影; 像耀眼的光彩, 很快就会销毁; 像一朵花刚开放随即凋零; 像晶莹的玻璃转眼就已破碎;
Varieties of Metaphor--Extended metaphor 延喻
Metaphor
According to the Longman Modern English Dictionary, the author use extended metaphor make an initial comparison and then develop it, expanding the idea.
Analogy
Analogy
• 4）If A were B, C would…D
• If society were a train the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.
• 3）(Just) as A…B, (so) C…D (or: …so C…D, just as A…B)
• ①（Just）as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun, (so) no lies can cover up facts.
• ② Just as Darwin discovered the law of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history.
• Analogy--- Patterns of analogy • 1）A is to B as C is to D • ① Food is to man as fuel is to engine. • ② Air is to man as water is to fish.
Analogy
• 2）A is to B what C is to D (or: A to B is what C is to D, or what C is to D, A is to B)
Concentrate on one point of resemblance
Draw a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance
Metaphor vs. Analogy
Metaphor
origin
Metaphor
Analogy
Originated from the Greek Came from the Greek
wordalogia, which
means to transfer.
4.[Preposition phrase ] types A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and
flagged me to stop. (一位警察招手, 要我从长蛇阵般的车流中出来， 并招
呼我停下.)
The stone shaped as a kitten with crystal eyes. (石头形如小猫，眼似水晶. )
Metaphor
• The properties of an effective metaphor： 1) freshness and originality （立意新颖） 2) aptness （恰当贴切） 3) consistency（协调一致）
• Varieties of Metaphor （变体）
……第五次闪电又发作了, 这闪电象蛇一样蜿蜒游动, 爆发出 魔鬼的嘶喊。电光象翠玉一祥碧绿, 回响震耳欲聋。
Metaphor
Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good, A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly; A flower that dies when first it begins to bud; A brittle glass that’s broken presently;
Text book P7：analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things.
like comparison, analogy shows similaries; not like comparison, analogy aims at what is common between two things of different classes.
修辞与象征手法
1. Simile通常由三部分构成： 本体（tenor or subject）, 喻体（vehicle or reference） 比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）。
eg: My love is like a red red rose. tenor comparative word vehicle
★以事物的特征代替事物本身 A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breast. 千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。 ★以工具代替动作或行为者 A hundred bayonets were marching down the street. 100把刺刀正沿街前进。 ★以容器代替其中内容。 Whenever my husband has a bad day at the office, he hits the bottle. 每当我丈夫在办公室不顺心，他就会喝得酩酊大醉。 ★以人体器官代替其功能 The practiced ear can recognize a classic flavour. 有音乐修养的人能够听出古典音乐的韵味。 She has the eye for the fair and the beautiful. 她有审美眼光。 I have an opinion of you, sir, to which it is not easy to give the mouth. 我对你有一个意见，先生，不过很难用话语表达出来。
★虚拟句型 最常见的是as if/though，另外还有其他一些形式。 Eg: He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Vealsquez. 这匹马真雄俊，看起来仿佛是从一副维拉斯奎兹的油画里跑出来 的一样。 The dogs were in full cry, their noses down, their tails up, so close together that might have been one great yellow and white moving carpet. 那群狗吠叫着追猎，低着头，翘着尾巴，一条挨一条，看上去就 像一块行进的黄白交织的大地毯。 He woke them both up getting to bed, but when they tried to wake him up afterwards they might as well have tried to wake the dead. 他去睡觉的时候把他们两个都弄醒了，但是后来他们想唤醒他时， 简直就像唤死人一样。
SAT写作的21种修辞方式 助你疯狂涨分
SAT写作的21种修辞方式助你疯狂涨分1. Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如：(1) He looked as if he had just stepped outof my book of fairytalesand had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
(2) It has long leaves that sway in thewind like slim fingersreaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
2. Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
例如:(1) German guns and German planes raineddown bombs, shells andbullets.德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
(2) The diamond department was the heartand center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
3. Metonymy 借喻，转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。
指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
就是借用甲来表示乙，但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处。
(完整word)20种英语修辞手法整理
Figure of Speech【整理自PPT】1。
Simile 明喻❖是比喻的一种，是对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现,且常带有比喻词，如：❖ Like/ seem / be something of / as /resemble/ comparable to /similar to / akin to/ be analogous to❖My love is like a red， red rose。
(Robert Burns)2。
Metaphor 暗喻❖对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不同的是在形式上,暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系.省掉比喻词.❖明喻：Life is like an unexplored river， full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .❖暗喻： Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns， great beauty， and dangerous surprises。
3. Personification 拟人❖本质上是一种暗喻，其特点是赋予非人类范畴的东西一些人的特征.❖The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listern intently.❖The sun kissed the green fields。
The thirsty desert drank up the water。
4。
Metonymy 借代/换喻❖是通过借用与某种事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物。
例如用单词word 来表示话语或者消息news，用硬币penny来表示钱 money。
❖Word comes that the Chinese government will send a pair of giant pandas to the United States。
Metaphor与Analogy的对比学习
Concentrate on one point of resemblance
Draw a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance
Metaphor
5.[Sentence] types He is as poor as a church mouse, and a church mouse like him eats like a horse. (他一贫如洗，赤贫的他又特别能吃.)
The chess-board is the world, where the rules of the
Analogy
• Analogy
analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things （two things not in one aspect）that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
Analogy
Analogy
• 4）If A were B, C would…D
• If society were a train the etiquette would be the rails along which only the train could rumble forth; if society were a state coach, the etiquette would be the wheels and axis on which only the coach roll forward.
• 3）(Just) as A…B, (so) C…D (or: …so C…D, just as A…B)
Simile,Metaphor,Analogy
ing the comparatives of adjectives (no more …than, not …any more than)
1)He had no more idea of money than a cow. 2)The ruby(红宝石) shall be redder than a red rose.
1)He treated his daughter as the apple in eye.(他视他女儿为掌 上明珠)
Definition: A metaphor is an implied (暗指的) simile
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared without the use of the words “as, like, as…as, as though, as if”…(Another definition: A metaphor, like simile, also make comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike simile, this comparison is implied rather stated.)
Examples :
1. Using like or as
1)My heart(本体) is like a singing bird(喻体). 2)I( 本体) wondered lonely as a cloud(喻体).
2. Usinቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ A is to B what C is to D
1)The pen is to a writer what a gun to a hunter.
八年级英语议论文论证方法单选题40题
八年级英语议论文论证方法单选题40题1. In the essay, the author mentions a story about a famous scientist to support his idea. This is an example of _____.A.analogyB.exampleparisonD.metaphor答案：B。
本题主要考查论证方法的辨析。
选项A“analogy”是类比；选项B“example”是举例；选项C“comparison”是比较；选项D“metaphor”是隐喻。
文中提到一个关于著名科学家的故事来支持观点，这是举例论证。
2. The writer uses the experience of his own life to prove his point. This kind of method is called _____.A.personal storyB.example givingC.case studyD.reference答案：B。
选项A“personal story”个人故事范围较窄；选项B“example giving”举例；选项C“case study”案例分析；选项D“reference”参考。
作者用自己的生活经历来证明观点，这是举例论证。
3. The author cites several historical events to strengthen his argument. What is this method?A.citing factsB.giving examplesC.making comparisonsing analogies答案：B。
选项A“citing facts”引用事实，历史事件可以作为例子，所以是举例论证；选项B“giving examples”举例；选项C“making comparisons”比较；选项D“using analogies”使用类比。
5.Simile & Metaphor &Analogy
Comparison
a. The stars shine brightly in the sky. b. The stars twinkle like diamonds in the sky.
more vivid and colorful
c. Imperialism appears to be strong but more inwardly it is weak. d. Imperialism is a paper tiger. suggestive of
The Choice of Reference in Difference Cultures
as cold as ice as cunning as a fox as still as death as graceful as a swan as fat as pig as greedy as a wolf
What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Like a raisin (葡萄干) in the sun? Or fester (化脓) like a sore — And then run — Does it stink like a rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over — Like a syrupy sweet? Its function is to give deeper insight into persons or things.
Group B
Diplomacy is the art of putting your feet down without stepping on anybody’s toes. Education is not the filling of a pail (一桶 水), but the lighting of a fire. He that cannot forgive others breaks the bridge over which he must pass himself for everyman has need to be forgiven.
Metaphor和Simile
Metaphora way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thingSimilean expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words 'as' or 'like', for example 'as white as snow'Metaphor(隐喻)：用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一种事物的方法。
这也是一种比较，不过这个比较是暗含的,且没有用like 或as 等指出。
如果把例句：“My girlfriend is like a sweet watermelon.”，去掉了like 这个描述词，这便是隐喻用法而不是明喻了。
因为在改了的这个句子里面，虽然也把My girlfriend 比作 a sweet watermelon，但却没有一个词指出这个比较，因而watermelon 此处是隐喻用法。
隐喻通常和be 动词连用，但是句子中的名词、动词、形容词或副词都可以有隐喻用法。
(1) A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man. （Art and Architecture, SEFC 2A, P.21）鸟巢对于鸟而言，正如房子对于人一样。
本句话的语言结构：“A is to B what C is to D”为隐喻结构，意为“A 对B 而言正如C 对D 一样。
”(2) There were a few lordly poplars before the house.有一排白杨像贵族一样矗立在房子前。
英汉辞格对比研究Simile,Metaphor,Metonymy和比喻,借代
英汉辞格对比研究:Simile,Metaphor,Metonymy和比喻,借代作者：吴青铭来源：《科教导刊》2009年第03期摘要本文将英语辞格当中的Simile,Metaphor和Metonymy与汉语辞格当中的比喻和借代进行比较,总结出它们之间的对应关系。
关键词SimileMetaphorMetonymy比喻借代中图分类号:G427文献标识码:A1引言中国古代的诗学研究,以“赋比兴”概括诗歌的创作方法。
“赋比兴”被视为中国传统的修辞手法,并逐步发展和分解成众多的修辞格。
英语中相似和关系类修辞手段有二十余种。
本文将英语辞格当中的Simile,Metaphor和Metonymy与汉语辞格当中的比喻和借代进行比较,总结出它们之间的对应关系。
2汉语中的比喻和借代2.1 汉语中的比喻比喻是一种修辞方式,即打比方,是用本质不同又有相似点的事物描绘事物或说明道理的辞格。
比喻里被比方的事物叫本体,用来打比方的事物叫喻体,联系两者的词语叫做喻词。
比喻主要分为三类:明喻、暗喻、借喻。
(1)明喻:明喻的构成方式是本体,喻体都出现,中间用“像,如,似,仿佛,犹如,有如,一般,像……似的”等一类比喻词。
例如:这是一种像个小钟似的花/ 夜空里的星星像钻石一样闪亮(2)暗喻:暗喻又叫隐喻,本体和喻体也都出现,但用“是,变成,成为,等于”等喻词。
例如:祖国是母亲/ 书籍是朋友(3)借喻:借喻不出现本体,直接借比喻的事物来代替被比喻的事物,被比喻的事物和比喻词都不出现。
例如:天下乌鸦一般黑(喻体“乌鸦”比喻旧时官吏)六一儿童节那天,花儿们愉快地来到了学校参加活动。
(喻体“花儿”比喻朝气蓬勃的小朋友)2.2汉语中的借代不直接说出某人或者某事物的名称,借同它密切相关的事物的名称去代替,这种辞格叫做借代。
借代主要有以下几类:特征,标志代本体;专有名词代替泛称;具体代抽象;部分代整体。
(1)特征,标志代本体:用人或物的特征标志去代替本体事物的名称。
(完整word版)Metaphor和Simile
Metaphora way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thingSimilean expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words 'as' or 'like', for example 'as white as snow'Metaphor(隐喻)：用一个词来指代与该词本来所指事物有相似特点的另一种事物的方法。
这也是一种比较，不过这个比较是暗含的,且没有用like 或as 等指出。
如果把例句：“My girlfriend is like a sweet watermelon.”，去掉了like 这个描述词，这便是隐喻用法而不是明喻了。
因为在改了的这个句子里面，虽然也把My girlfriend 比作 a sweet watermelon，但却没有一个词指出这个比较，因而watermelon 此处是隐喻用法。
隐喻通常和be 动词连用，但是句子中的名词、动词、形容词或副词都可以有隐喻用法。
(1) A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man. （Art and Architecture, SEFC 2A, P.21）鸟巢对于鸟而言，正如房子对于人一样。
本句话的语言结构：“A is to B whatC is to D”为隐喻结构，意为“A 对B 而言正如C 对D 一样。
”(2) There were a few lordly poplars before the house.有一排白杨像贵族一样矗立在房子前。