计算机英语-刘艺-王春生-第4版

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计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版

计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版
三进程间通信在一个网络内不同计算机上甚至使用分时方法在同一台计算机上执行的各种活动或进程必须经常互相通信以便协调行动并完成指定的任务
计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版
The need to share information and resources among different computers has led to linked computer systems, called networks, in which computers are connected so that data can be transferred from machine to machine. In these networks, computer users can exchange messages and share resources such as printing capabilities, software packages, and data storage facilities-that are scattered throughout the system.
从...逐渐形成(发展成)
还有一种网络分类方法,它基于网络的拓扑结构,即计算机相互连接的模式 。总线拓扑结构、环形拓扑结构和星形拓扑结构是3种流行的拓扑结构。其中, 星形网络或许是最古老的,这种网络由一台大型中央计算机服务许多用户的范式 演变而来。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
网络分类的另一种方式是根据网络的内部运行是基于无专利权保护的设计 还是基于特定实体(如个人或公司)所拥有和控制的革新。前一种类型的网络 称为开放式网络,后一种类型的网络称为封闭式网络,有时也称为专有网络。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications

计算机英语(第4版) 刘艺 课文参考译文

计算机英语(第4版)  刘艺  课文参考译文

《计算机英语(第4版)》参考译文第一单元:计算机与计算机科学课文A:计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备,它能接收一套指令或一个程序,然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。

要不是由于计算机的发展,现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。

不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据,从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。

计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元,而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。

在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域,从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告,计算机都是必要的工具,并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。

数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。

同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。

计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。

二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯•帕斯卡于1642年设计的,它是数字计算机的先驱。

这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子,每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。

轮子互相连接,从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子,就可以将数字彼此相加。

17世纪70年代,德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德•威廉•莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良,设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。

法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽•雅卡尔,在设计自动织机时,使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。

在19世纪80年代期间,美国统计学家赫尔曼•何勒里斯,想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。

通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统,他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。

1、分析机也是在19世纪,英国数学家和发明家查尔斯•巴比奇,提出了现代数字计算机的原理。

他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器,如差分机。

许多历史学家认为,巴比奇及其合伙人,数学家奥古斯塔•埃达•拜伦,是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。

巴比奇的设计之一,分析机,具有现代计算机的许多特征。

计算机英语刘艺第4版答案

计算机英语刘艺第4版答案

计算机英语刘艺第4版答案下面是店铺整理的计算机英语刘艺第4版答案,希望对大家有帮助。

Unit Four: Software DevelopmentUnit Four/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. application; operating2. assemblers3. compiler4. interpreter5. debugger6. loop7. device driver8. John von NeumannII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. inference engine 推理机2. system call 系统调用3. compiled language 编译执行的语言4. parallel computing 并行计算5. pattern matching 模式匹配6. memory location 存储单元7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序,程序库例行程序9. intermediate program 中间程序,过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. 解释执行的语言 interpreted language12. 设备驱动程序 device driver13. 源程序 source program14. 调试程序 debugging program15. 目标代码 object code16. 应用程序 application program17. 实用程序 utility program18. 逻辑程序 logic program19. 墨盒 ink cartridge20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and executionIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code intoobject code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languagesthat people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need acompiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of sourcecode to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’smachine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can runthe program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is notin machine language, other programs —such as assemblers, binders ( 联编程序), linkers, andloaders ( 加载程序) —finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions ofcompilers for different types ofcomputers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personalcomputers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produceversions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary betweenmanufacturers.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 在软件中,错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。

计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版

计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版

III Star/Extended Star Topology
• So+do+主语 • So+主语+do
III Star/Extended Star Topology
• So+do+主语 so代表上句中陈述的肯定内容。do可以是 连系动词、情态动词或助动词,且必须与 上句中的谓语动词保持时态的一致,意思 为“…也是如此”。 如:He can speak English very well. So can she. (=She can speak English very well, too.) 她英语也讲得很好。 • So+主语+do
III Star/Extended Star Topology
• In this case, the extended star topology is all but necessary to prevent degraded signals.
• 在这种情况下,【为防止信号衰减】,扩 展星型拓扑结构几乎是必需的。
V. Mesh Topology
• After all, what are the odds a network will fail in multiple times near the same device?
• 毕竟,一个网络在同一个设备附近多次出 故障的可能性有多大呢?
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,表示所 说的话不是一个事实,而只是一种假设、 愿望、建议、怀疑、猜测或不大可能实现 的空想。
• 虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中,通常从句 由连词if 引导。
II Ring Topology
虚拟条件状语从句 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句用一般过去时(be用were),主 句用should(would/might/could)+动词原形 如:If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿,会帮助你的。 含义:They are not here, they can’t help you.

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案

《计算机英语(第4版)》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进,也将变得更加容易使用。

《计算机英语(第4版)》参考译文

《计算机英语(第4版)》参考译文

第一单元:计算机与计算机科学课文A:计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备,它能接收一套指令或一个程序,然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。

要不是由于计算机的发展,现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。

不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据,从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。

计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元,而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。

在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域,从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告,计算机都是必要的工具,并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。

数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。

同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。

计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。

二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯•帕斯卡于1642年设计的,它是数字计算机的先驱。

这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子,每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。

轮子互相连接,从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子,就可以将数字彼此相加。

17世纪70年代,德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德•威廉•莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良,设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。

法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽•雅卡尔,在设计自动织机时,使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。

在19世纪80年代期间,美国统计学家赫尔曼•何勒里斯,想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。

通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统,他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。

1、分析机也是在19世纪,英国数学家和发明家查尔斯•巴比奇,提出了现代数字计算机的原理。

他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器,如差分机。

许多历史学家认为,巴比奇及其合伙人,数学家奥古斯塔•埃达•拜伦,是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。

巴比奇的设计之一,分析机,具有现代计算机的许多特征。

计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版 Unit 8B

计算机英语 刘艺 王春生 第4版 Unit 8B

• Each level in the hierarchy has representatives at both the origin and the destination, with the representatives at the destination tending to do the reverse of their counterparts at the origin. • 分层结构中的每一层在起始地点和目的地 均有代表,在目的地的代表所做的工作往 往与在起始地点的代表所做的工作相反。 • counterparts:与对方地位相当的人, 与另一 方作用相当的物
• This is handled by assigning unique port numbers to the various units and requiring that the appropriate port number be appended to a message’s address before starting the message on its journey. • 这由以下方法处理:给各个单元分配一个 独特的端口号 ,且要求在报文开始旅途前 (报文发送前)将适当的端口号附加到报 文地址上。
• 这种分隔是必要的,因为一个长报文能阻 塞在因特网站点上的其他报文流,(在因 特网的站点)其上许多报文必须路径相交 。
• ..., the packets are treated as individual, unrelated messages until they reach the transport layer at their final destination. • 直到它们到达最终目的地的传输层,分组 都被作为独立的,无关系的报文来对待。

计算机英语-刘艺-王春生-第4版-Unit-10A

计算机英语-刘艺-王春生-第4版-Unit-10A

❖ 18.deletion command 删除命令
❖ 19.backup copy 备份的副本
❖ 20. encryption program 加密程序
2021/3/11
4
❖ act out ❖ get back (at) ❖ intend to ❖ introduce…into… ❖ fill…with ❖ in the form of ❖ in case of ❖ be concerned with ❖ act as ❖ in the event of from ❖2021/3/11 time to time
❖ 6. detection program 检测程序
❖ 7. virus checker 病毒检查程序
❖ 8. software piracy 软件侵权
❖ 9. primary storage 主存储器
❖ 10. power line 电力线,输电线
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❖ 10.voltage surge 电涌,浪涌电压
(1)雇员
人数最多的计算机罪犯类型由那些最容易接近计算机的人,亦即雇员,
构成。有时,雇员只是设法从雇主那盗窃某种东西——设备、软件、电
子资金、专有信息或计算机时间。有时,雇员可能出于怨恨而行动,试
20图21/“3/1报1 复”公司。
8
(2) Outside Users
Not only employees but also some suppliers or clients may have access to a company’s computer system. Examples are bank customers who use an automatic teller machine. Like employees, these authorized users may obtain confidential passwords or find other ways of committing computer crimes.
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As the simple terminals employed by these users grew into small computers themselves, a star network emerged. A point to emphasize is that the connections between machines in a network do not need to be physical. Wireless networks, using radio broadcast technology, are becoming quite common.
城域网属于中型网络,如一个覆盖某一社区的网络。广域网连接地理范围更广 的计算机,这些计算机或许在相邻的城市,或许在地球相反的两面。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
Another means of classifying networks is based on whether the network's internal operation is based on designs that are in the public domain or on innovations owned and controlled by a particular entity such as an individual or a corporation. A network of the former type is called an open network; a network of the latter type is called a closed, or sometimes a proprietary network.
因特网属于开放式系统。尤其是,整个因特网的通信是由一组称为 TCP/IP协议组的开放标准来控制的。任何人都可以自由地使用这些标准,而 不需要付费或签署许可协议。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
In contrast, a company such as Novell Inc. might develop systems for which it chooses to maintain ownership rights, allowing the company to draw income from selling or leasing these products. Networks based on such systems are examples of closed networks.
Unit 8 Computer Network
Section A Network Fundamentals
The need to share information and resources among different computers has led to linked computer systems, called networks, in which computers are connected so that data can be transferred from machine to machine. In these networks, computer users can exchange messages and share resources such as printing capabilities, software packages, and data storage facilities-that are scattered throughout the system.
网络分类的另一种方式是根据网络的内部运行是基于无专利权保护的设计 还是基于特定实体(如个人或公司)所拥有和控制的革新。前一种类型的网络 称为开放式网络,后一种类型的网络称为封闭式网络,有时也称为专有网络。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
The Internet is an open system. In particular, communication throughout the Internet is governed by an open collection of standards known as the TCP/IP protocol suite. Anyone is free to use these standards without paying fees or signing license agreements.
支持这类应用所需的基本软件,已经从简单的实用软件包发展成一个不断扩 展的网络软件系统,该系统提供了一个复杂的网络范围的基础结构。从某种 意义上说,网络软件正在演变成一个网络范围的操作系统。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network (LAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN), or a wide area network (WAN). A LAN normally consists of a collection of computers in a single building or building complex. For example, the computers on a university campus or those in a manufacturing plant might be connected by a LAN. n 综合体,集合体
随着这些用户所使用的简单终端本身发展成小型计算机,星形网络也就出现 了。需要强调的一点是,在一个网络中,计算机之间的连接并不一定是物理 连接。使用无线广播技术的无线网络正在变得相当常见。
Ⅱ. Protocols
指导、实施、处理
For a network to function reliably, it is important to establish rules by which network activities are conducted. Such rules are called protocols. By developing and adopting protocol standards, venders are able to build products for network applications that are compatible with products from other venders. Thus, the development of protocol standards is an indispensable process in the development of networking technologies.
在不同计算机之间共享信息和资源的需要,导致了相互连接的计算机系 统的产生。这种相互连接的计算机系统被称为网络。在网络中,计算机连接 在一起,从而数据可以从一台计算机传输到另一台计算机。在网络中,计算 机用户可以交换信息,并共享分散在整个网络系统的资源,如打印能力、软 件包以及数据存储设备。
The underlying software required to support such applications has grown from simple utility packages into an expanding system of network software that provides a sophisticated network wide infrastructure. In a sense, network software is evolving into a network wide operating system.
从...,它基于网络的拓扑结构,即计算机相互连接的模式。 总线拓扑结构、环形拓扑结构和星形拓扑结构是3种流行的拓扑结构。其中,星 形网络或许是最古老的,这种网络由一台大型中央计算机服务许多用户的范式演 变而来。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
on the contrary
相反,像Novell股份有限公司这样的公司可能选择为其开发的系统保留所有 权,允许公司通过出售或出租这些产品获得收入。基于这类系统的网络属于 封闭式网络的例子。
Ⅰ. Network Classifications
Still another way of classifying networks is based on the topology of the network, which refers to the pattern in which the machines are connected. The bus topology, ring topology, and star topology are three popular topologies. Of these, the star network is perhaps the oldest, having evolved from the paradigm of a large central computer serving many users.
V. 转述、转播 n.帮助、援助、支持
作为对协议概念的介绍,让我们考虑在一个网络的计算机之间协调报文传 输的问题。如果没有控制这种通信的规则,所有的计算机就可能坚持同时传输 报文,或者在需要传递报文时而未能传递。
Ⅱ. Protocols
One approach to solving this problem is the token ring protocol, which was developed by IBM in the 1970s and continues to be a popular protocol in networks based on the ring topology. In this protocol, all the machines in the network transmit messages in only one common direction(Fig. 8A1), meaning that all messages sent over the network move around the ring in the same direction by being forwarded from computer to computer.
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