Edgar Allan Poe 介绍
allan poe 最著名的诗
《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》等是爱伦·坡最著名的诗。
1.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-xxx），美国文学家、诗人、小说家、文学评论家和编辑，被誉为恐怖文学和侦探小说之父，以其心理恐怖文学作品著称。
2.《乌鸦》是爱伦·坡最著名的诗之一，它被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，直到今天它仍然具有深远的影响力。
3.这首诗以诗人孤独和悲伤的内心世界为主题，描述了一个孤独哀伤的男子，因失去了心爱的女人琳达而陷入绝望之中。
4.诗中的“乌鸦”代表了逝去的象征，它不断地重复“从未更”这句话，无情地嘲讽诗人，使他更加绝望和绝望。
5.《乌鸦》采用了复杂的韵律和押韵，诗歌节奏感极强，语言精练而深刻，给人以极强烈的震撼。
6.另一首著名的爱伦·坡的诗是《安娜贝尔·李》，它也是他的代表作之一，被认为是恐怖文学史上的经典之作。
7.《安娜贝尔·李》以其超凡的想象力和深刻的洞察力，揭示了诗人对已故恋人的思念之情，以及对逝去爱情的深深怀念。
8.这首诗以其独特的想象力和对逝去的恐惧感，将爱情和逝去结合在一起，表现出了爱伦·坡深沉的内心世界和对恐怖的探索。
9.《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》都具有极强的艺术价值和文学价值，它们对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，成为了后世文学作品的重要源泉。
10.爱伦·坡最著名的诗《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》不仅在诗歌创作上具有极高的艺术价值，而且在文学史上还产生了深远的影响，成为了美国文学史上的经典之作。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）以其独特的文学风格和对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察而闻名。
在他那短暂而不幸的一生中，他留下了许多著名的作品，其中最著名的当属《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》这两首诗。
《乌鸦》中的主人公，原本是一个愉快的年轻人，然而他的丧偶给他带来了无尽的痛苦和绝望。
Edgar-Allan-Poe-介绍
III Historical position
( I ) He is one of the most famous American Poets, fictionists and literature critics.
Influence
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
Life Experience
Final days: a His wife died in 1847, 10 days after his birthday. b After losing his wife, Poe collapsed from stress and was also in poor health . c He died in October 7, 1849 with some uncertain reasons.
as long as “The Raven”). 3. Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of
edgar allan po 报告
埃德加·爱伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe摘要：埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809—1849）是世界上最知名同时也是最有争议的作家之一。
在美国浪漫主义文学的作家中，坡是极具特色的一位。
他是天才诗人，杰出的短篇小说作家，独到的文学评论家，象征主义的先驱，同时也是现代派文学的鼻祖。
在其短暂而又多舛的一生中为自己在诗歌、小说创作和文学评论等各方面赢得了盛名。
坡从事创作的年代,正值美国文学浪漫主义的鼎盛时期,由于他的作品中带有所谓的颓废色彩,与当时蒸蒸日上的美国社会格格不入,于是一度被排挤在美国主流文学之外,后人对他的评价也是褒贬不一。
坡又是一个悖论式的人物，特殊的历史背景和坡坎坷的人生经历造就了他敏感的心灵，他有一种让西方文学界格外青睐的审美情怀；他醉心于美，然而他的作品中美总是与死亡相伴相生。
他一生寥落，却在身后盛名远播，他的诗歌、小说在20世纪上半叶的美国文坛上独树一帜。
本文力图将近几年的研究成果加以整理，从介绍坡的成长背景，时代背景。
阐述坡的独特的宇宙观和审美意象，即人性的孤独，对死亡的赞美，同时介绍坡的创作理念。
向读者展示坡独特的内心世界和创作思路。
消除读者的种种误解，成为坡等待百年的那一个读者。
关键词：孤独死亡恐怖小说唯美主义者一，简介坡的短篇小说可以分为四类：恐怖小说、侦探小说、科幻小说和冒险小说。
影响最大的是他的哥特式风格的作品，包括恐怖小说《鄂榭府崩溃记》（The Fall of the House of Usher）、《丽姬娅》（Ligeia）、《黑猫》（The Black Cat）、《一桶白葡萄酒》（The Cask of Amontillado）等都是哥特式风格的代表。
坡还是西方侦探小说的鼻祖，他善于揣测人的心理活动，运用严密的逻辑推理，他的侦探小说有《莫格街凶杀案》（The Murder in the Rue Morgue）、《玛丽?罗杰疑案》（The Mystery of Marie Roget）、《被盗的信》（The Purloined Letter）等等。
安娜贝尔·李》poe l5
1945年，美国侦探小说协会设立了 爱伦· 坡奖，以表彰出色的原创美国侦探小说。 最初它只有一个奖项：最佳处女作奖。
1948年它又设立了最佳短篇小说奖，从此不断 扩充“阵容”。至今它由13个分支奖项组成， 除文学作品外，它也奖励侦探题材的电影伦· 坡奖只颁发给美国作家。从1954年 开始，随着最佳小说奖的设立，翻译作品也可 以参选。
这就是那不幸的根源，很久以前 在这个滨海的国度里， 夜里一阵寒风从白云端吹起，冻僵了 我的安娜贝尔.李；
于是她那些高贵的亲戚来到凡间 把她从我的身边夺去， 将她关进一座坟墓 在这个滨海的国度里。
The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and meYes!- that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. 这些天使们在天上，不及我们一半快活， 于是他们把我和她妒嫉—— 对——就是这个缘故（谁不晓得呢，在这个滨海的国度 里） 云端刮起了寒风， 冻僵并带走了我的安娜贝尔.李。
1849年，潦倒的爱伦· 坡因醉酒死在一家酒馆里。 去世前几年，他曾完成过5个惊悚的短篇小说。 看上去他对这些作品并不太在意，因为他称之为 “游戏之作”。但他一定没想到，就是这几部小 说，成为了现代侦探小说的开山之作，他本人也 被侦探小说界视作“圣徒”式的人物。
他更没想到的是，在将近一百年后，一项以其名 字命名的侦探小说奖项被设立，并被视为该领域 的“奥斯卡奖”。
Edgar Allan Poe
11
Death
•Edgar Allan Edgar Poe is buried in Baltimore, Maryland.
12
Death
• 爱伦 坡协会表示，每年都在 爱伦·坡协会表示， 坡协会表示 马里兰州巴尔的摩爱伦坡之 墓留下玫瑰花与法国白兰地 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 这是他61年来首度失约。 61年来首度失约 这是他61年来首度失约。自 1949年 爱伦·坡100岁冥诞以 1949年，爱伦 坡100岁冥诞以 来，一位身着斗篷的人士每 年每年都在他的墓前留下一 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 向这位传奇诗人致敬， 向这位传奇诗人致敬，时间 通常在晚上。 通常在晚上。据说曾有约五 十人从头天晚间开始便等着 目睹这位被称为“爱伦·坡祭 目睹这位被称为“爱伦 坡祭 酒”的神秘客，但是徒劳无 的神秘客， 功。
14
Selected list of works
Tales
• 《黑猫》（The Black Cat） 黑猫》 Cat） • 《阿蒙特拉多酒桶》（The Cask of Amontillado） 阿蒙特拉多酒桶》 Amontillado） • 《大漩涡历险记》（A Descent Into The 大漩涡历险记》 Maelstrom） Maelstrom） • 《阿夏家之傾倒》（The Fall of the House of 阿夏家之傾倒》 Usher） Usher） • 《金甲虫》（The Gold-Bug） 金甲虫》 Gold-Bug） • 《莉姬亚》（Ligeia） 莉姬亚》 Ligeia） • 《红死神的面具》（The Masque of the Red 红死神的面具》 Death） Death） • 《莫格街谋杀案》（The Murders in the Rue 莫格街谋杀案》 Morgue） Morgue） • 《椭圆画像》（The Oval Portrait） 椭圆画像》 Portrait） • 《陷坑与钟摆》（The Pit and the Pendulum） 陷坑与钟摆》 Pendulum） 15 • 《活葬》（The Premature Burial） 活葬》 Burial） • 《失窃的信》（Purloined Letter） 失窃的信》 Letter）
埃德加爱伦坡英文介绍
埃德加爱伦坡英文介绍Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his macabre and Gothic tales. He was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died on October 7, 1849, in Baltimore, Maryland. Poe's works are characterized by their dark themes, vivid imagery, and psychological depth, and he is considered one of the pioneers of the detective fiction genre.One of Poe's most famous works is "The Raven," a poem that tells the story of a man who is visited by a mysterious raven that drives him to madness. The poem's haunting refrain of "Nevermore" has become one of the most famous lines in American literature. Another well-known work by Poe is "The Tell-Tale Heart," a short story about a man who is driven to murder by the sound of his victim's beating heart.In addition to his fiction, Poe also wrote influentialliterary criticism, including his famous essay "The Philosophy of Composition," in which he discusses histheory of writing and the process of creating a work of art. Poe believed that a work of literature should be short, focused, and have a single, unified effect on the reader.Poe's personal life was marked by tragedy and hardship. He struggled with poverty and alcoholism throughout hislife, and his wife, Virginia Clemm, died of tuberculosis at a young age. Despite these challenges, Poe continued towrite prolifically and his work has had a lasting impact on American literature.Overall, Edgar Allan Poe's contributions to literature are significant and enduring. His unique style and dark themes have inspired generations of writers and readers,and his work continues to be studied and celebrated to this day. Poe's legacy as a master of the macabre and a pioneerof the short story and detective fiction genres is secure, and he remains one of the most influential and iconicfigures in American literary history.。
EdgarAllanPoe概要
▪ and is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre.
Major Works:
Poetry:
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 6 The Bells 《钟》 7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
Edgar-Allan-Poe
（1809~1849）
Introduction
▪ Edgar Allan Poe was an American author, poet, editor, and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement.
死亡主题
爱伦·坡的恐怖小说带有浪漫主义的特色。纵观爱伦·坡的恐怖说创作，其故事主题大都“揭 示了人类意识及潜意识中的阴暗面”，这一点显然迥异于同时代的其他浪漫主义作家。爱伦·坡 以恐怖小说这样一种特殊的文学形式深入刻画与呈现了非现实状态下人的精神状态和心理特征， 试图“以非现实、非理性的表达方式来揭示现代人的精神因顿”。他借助想象奇特、恐怖怪异 的故事情节，通过夸张、隐喻和象征等修辞手段表现人性的危机，读者浓厚阅读兴趣的同时， 震撼心灵发人深省。
Edgar Allan Poe 研究综述
埃德加•爱伦•坡研究综述埃德加•爱伦•坡（Edgar Allan Poe)（1809～1849），十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品是在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
语言和形式精致、优美，内容多样。
爱伦•坡是侦探小说(detective story)鼻祖、科幻小说(science fiction)先驱之一、恐怖小说(horror fiction)大师、短篇哥特小说巅峰、象征主义(symbolism)先驱之一，唯美主义(aestheticism)者。
爱伦•坡最著名的文艺理论是“效果论”。
爱伦•坡是一位有争议的作家。
人们对他的评价褒贬不一。
不同时期的不少伟大作家都给予他截然不同的评价, 如: 萧伯纳(Bernard Shaw)认为: “美国出了两个伟大的作家——埃德加•爱伦•坡和马克•吐温”。
丁尼生( Tennyson) 说坡是“美国最具独创性的天才”。
( the most original American genius) 叶芝(Yeats) 说他是“美国最伟大的诗人, 而且永远是全世界伟大的抒情诗人”。
( a great lyric poet of the world)。
(Belgion: 1951: 51) J•S•戴也说: “坡在小说中,对环境造成的极度痛苦的恐怖,能给读者留下最深刻的印象”。
(Russell Blankenship,1973: 215)爱默生(Emerson)称他为“打油诗人”。
( a jingle man)惠特曼(Whitman)说他“在想象文学的电光之中明亮、旋目, 但没有热”。
(among the electric lights of imaginative literature, brilliant and dazzling, but with no heat) 还有人则无视爱伦•坡的才华, 认为他的艺术是: “不道德的或没有道德意识的”。
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at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
Main works
• Gothic（歌特）story（‘哥特式’小说的意义首先在于：它虽然采取了不合理的怪诞形式，还是企
图反映正在形成的资本主义社会纠缠不清的复杂现实。它对继起的文学作品的影响正和这一点有关系。神秘、怪诞、 痛苦的恐怖，以及其他类似的特点，在浪漫主义作家的作品中得到发展。他们继承了‘恐怖神秘’小说所包含的社 会批判的成分，并且把它们深刻化。他们也采用了以哲学理解来处理怪诞成分的手法。”——阿尼克斯特《英国文 学史纲》）
His theory of poetry
1.His poetic theories are remarkable in their clarity. 2.The poem should be short, readable at one sitting (or as long as “The Raven”). 3. Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader，to pure one’s soul. 4.Melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones. 5.Poetry does not have to inculcate a moral. 6.The artistry of the poem lies not in what is being said but in what way it is said. (form is superior to content) 7.stresses musical quality of verse and defines true poetry as “rhythmical creation of beauty.”
Influence
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
a critic
His theory for short story -- clarity
1. The short story must be of such length as to be read at one sitting (brevity), so as to ensure the totality of impression. 2.The very first sentence ought to help to bring out the “single effect” of the story. 3. No word should be used which does not contribute to the “pre-established” design of the work (compression). 4.A tale should reveal some logical truth with “the fullest satisfaction” and should end with the last sentence, leaving a sense of finality with the reader. (a certain decision 某种结局） Short story should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compression(压缩) and finality.
Poetry
a To Helen (致海伦 ) b To One in Paradise（致乐园中的一位 ） c The Sleeper(睡美人) d The Valley of Unrest(不安的山谷 ) f The City in the Sea(海中之城 ) g Silence, a Sonnet(十四行诗）——静 h The Raven（乌鸦）
Lif the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed
a miserable childhood
was adopted by John Allan
an unhappy relationship died in mysterious circumstances , in 1849
Achievements
Edgar Allan Poe was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best
known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the
Life Experience
• Poe's childhood: He was born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father • Poe's youth: He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money.
• Detective story
• Poetry
Gothic Story
a The Masque of the Red Death （红死病的假面舞会） b The Fall of the House of Usher（厄舍古厦的倒塌） c The Angel of the Odd（奇怪天使） d The Devil in the Belfry（钟楼魔影） e The Oval Portrait (椭圆形画像） f The Man That Was Used Up（被用光的人） g King Pest （瘟疫王）
Poe is a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of insight
a short story writer
a poet
his tales are "complete works of art" his poetry is “exquisitely refined“( 精致优雅) "the greatest journalistic critic of his time“(Shaw’s evaluation of Poe's achievement)
earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
Life Experience
• Final days: a His wife died in 1847, 10 days after his birthday. b After losing his wife, Poe collapsed from stress and was also in poor health . c He died in October 7, 1849 with some uncertain reasons.
Life Experience
• A struggling writer: a In 1831, He submitted stories to many of magazines and they were all rejected. b In 1835, Edgar finally got a job as an editor of a newspaper. c In 1840, he started his writing career and published his first detective story . d In 1843 , He tried to start a magazine but failed and he could barely make a living .
III Historical position
( I ) He is one of the most famous American Poets, fictionists and literature critics. ( II ) He is one of the forefathers of detective story, science fiction , horror fiction, and the master of short Gothic story . ( III ) He have profound influence on many writers such as Conan Doyle(柯南.道尔） , Edogawa Rampo (江户川乱步） and so on . (IIII) Edgar Allan Poe（埃德加.爱伦坡） share the reputation with Ann Bruce bulls(安布鲁斯·布尔斯) and Howard Phillips Lovecraft（洛夫 克拉夫特 ）as the most famous three horror fictionists .