石油常用英文
常用石油(英文)缩写
石油化工英语常用缩写(第一版)(石油软件下载)序号缩写英文中文1 AC Air Conditioning 空气调节装置2 AGO Atmospheric gas oil 常压瓦斯油3 AML Approved Manufacturers' List 批准的厂商名单4 APE Area Project Engineer 区域项目工程师5 AR Atmospheric residue 常压渣油6 ARDS Atmospheric residue desulfurization 常压渣油加氢脱硫7 ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师协会8 BD Business Director 商务主任9 BD Business Development 市场部10 BEDP Basic Design Engineering Package 基础设计包11 BFW Boiler feed water 锅炉给水12 BL Battery limits 界区13 BEDD Basic Engineering Design Data 基础工程设计数据14 BM Bill of Material 材料表15 BOD Basis of Design 设计基础16 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量17 BP Boiling point 沸点18 BS Bright stock 光亮油19 BSI British Standards Institute 英国标准协会20 BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene 苯,甲苯,乙苯,二甲苯21 BTU British thermal unit 英热单位22 BTX Benzene, toluene, xylene 苯,甲苯,二甲苯23 C Construction 施工24 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计25 CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting 计算机辅助设计和绘图26 CCR Conradson carbon residue 康氏残炭27 CCR Continuous Catalyst Regeneration 催化剂连续再生28 CDU Crude distillation unit 原油蒸馏装置29 CGO Coker gas oil 焦化瓦斯油30 CI Cetane index 十六烷指数31 CL Center line 中心线32 CM Construction Manager 施工经理33 CN Conference Note 会议纪要34 COD Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量35 CPDP Chinese Preliminary Design Package 中国初步设计包36 CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法37 CR Catalytic Reforming 催化重整38 CS Carbon Steel 碳钢39 CW Cooling Water 冷却水40 FEED Front End Engineering Design 前期工程设计41 GB GUO BIAO 国标42 GCD Guaranteed Completion Date 保证完成日期43 GG Gauge glass 玻璃液面计44 GHSV Gaseous hourly space velocity 气体体积空速45 GPH Gas phase hydrogenation 气相加氢46 GSN Global Supply Network 全球供应网络47 GTG Gas Turbine Generator 燃气涡轮发电机48 GW Gross weight 毛重49 HAZID Hazard Identification Review 危险识别审查50 HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study 危险与可操作性研究51 HBP Highly branched paraffins 高支链烷烃52 HC Hydrocracking 加氢裂化53 HCCO Heavy catalytic cycles oil 重催化循环油54 HCGO Heavy coker gas oil 重焦化瓦斯油55 HDA hydrodearomatization 加氢脱芳烃56 HDF hydrofinishing 加氢后精制57 HDM hydrodemetallization 加氢脱金属58 HDN hydrodenitrogenation 加氢脱氮59 HDPE High Density Polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯60 HO Home Office 总部61 HDS hydrodesulfurization 加氢脱硫62 HDT hydrotreating 加氢精制，加氢处理63 HGO Heavy gas oil 重瓦斯油64 HR Human Resource 人力资源65 HP High pressure 高压66 HSFO High sulfur fuel oil 高硫燃料油67 HSR Heavy straight run 重直馏油68 HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 采暖通风69 HVGO Heavy vacuum gas oil 减压重瓦斯油70 HVI High viscosity index 高粘度指数71 IBL Inside Battery Limits (Same as ISBL) 界区内72 IBP Initial Boiling Point 初馏点，初沸点73 IEC International Electro-technical Commission 国际电工委员会74 IFA Issued for Approval 用于正式批准75 IFB Issued for Bid 用于招标76 IFC Issued for Construction 用于施工77 IFD Issued for Design 用于设计78 IFH Issued for HAZOP 用于危险与可操作性研究79 ISBL Inside Battery Limits (same as IBL) 界区内80 ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织81 IS&T/IT Information System and Technology (same as IT) 信息系统和技术82 ITB Invitation to Bid 邀标书83 JV Joint Venture 合营者84 KW Kilo-Watt 千瓦85 LAN Local Area Network 局域网86 LC Letter of Credit 信用证87 LCC Life Cycle Cost 寿命周期成本88 LCCO Light catalytic cycle oil 催化裂化轻循环油89 LCGO Light coker gas oil 焦化轻瓦斯油90 LCN Light coker naphtha 焦化轻汽油91 LCO Light cycle oil 轻循环油92 LDE Lead Discipline Engineer 专业负责人93 LDPE Low Density Polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯94 Level 1 High Level Schedules, control documentsused for control of total scope 项目计划195 Level 2 Intermediate Level Schedules, control documents designed to control scope at unit, area, department, contract or discipline level 项目计划296 Level 3 Detailed Schedules, control documents designed to control and report the status of individual deliverables, e.g. documents, requisitions etc. 项目计划397 LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene 线性低密度聚乙烯98 LOI Letter of Intent 意向书99 LP Low Pressure 低气压100 LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气101 LS Lump Sum 固定总价102 LS Low sulfur 低硫103 LSD Low sulfur diesel 低硫柴油104 LSFO Low sulfur fuel oil 低硫燃料油105 LSR Light straight run 轻直馏油106 LSTK Lump Sum Turn Key （一揽子价格）总承包107 LSWR Low sulfur waxy residue 低硫含蜡渣油108 LTFT Low-temperature flow test 低温流动性试验109 LTRS Low-temperature recovery system 低温回收系统110 LV Low Voltage 低（电）压111 LVGO Light vacuum gas oil 轻减压瓦斯油112 LVI Low viscosity index 低粘度指数113 LVN Light virgin naphtha 直馏轻石脑油馏分114 MC Mechanical Completion 机械竣工115 MCR Micro carbon residue 微残炭116 MEG Mono Ethylene Glycol same as EG) 乙二醇117 MHC Mild hydrocracking 缓和加氢裂化118 MPA Multi Project (Purchasing) Agreement 大宗采购协议119 MFA Multi-Facility (Purchase) Agreement 大宗采购协议120 MON Motor octane number 马达法辛烷值121 MP Medium pressure 中压122 MPHC Moderate pressure hydrocracking 中压加氢裂化123 MR Material Requisition 请购单124 MRP Material Requisition (issued for Purchase) 请购单(用于购买)125 MRQ Material Requisition (issued for Quotation) 请购单(用于报价)126 MRR Material Receiving Report 材料验收单127 MTO Material Take-Off 材料表128 MV Medium Voltage 中（电）压129 MW Mega-Watt 兆瓦130 MW Molecular weight 分子量131 N/A Not applicable or Not Appropriate 不适用的132 N/A Not Available 无133 NEC National Electrical Code 国家电气规范134 NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association 国家电气制造商协会135 NFPA National Fire Protection Association 全国防火协会136 NGL Natural Gas Liquids 天然气液体137 NP Normal paraffin 正构烷烃138 NPSH Net positive suction head 净吸入头139 NR Non Reimbursable (costs) 非实报实销140 NTP Notice To Proceed 开工通知书141 NTS Not to Scale 不按比例142 OBL Outside Battery Limits ￡®same as OSBL 界区外143 OBS Organization Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构144 OSBL Outside Battery Limits (same as OBL) 界区外145 P3 Primavera Project Planner 项目计划管理146 PAC Polycyclic aromatic compound 稠环芳烃,多环芳烃147 PAG Project Automation Group 项目自动化团队148 PAF Personnel Authorization Form 职员批准表149 P&ID Process and instrumentation Diagram 工艺仪表流程图150 PID Proportional, Integral and Differential 比例、积分加微分（控制）151 PC Personal Computer 个人电脑152 PDA Propane deasphalting 丙烷脱沥青153 PDAO Propane deasphalted oil 丙烷脱沥青油154 PDU Propane deasphalting unit 丙烷脱沥青装置155 PE Project Engineer 项目工程师156 PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯157 PEM Project Engineering Manager 项目设计经理158 PET Project Execution Team 项目执行组159 PFD Process Flow Diagram 工艺流程图160 PFE Project Field Engineer 项目现场工程师161 PFPM Project Field Procurement Manager 项目现场采购经理162 PEFS Process Engineering Flow Scheme (same as P&ID) 工艺设计流程图163 PFS Process Flow Scheme (same as PFD-Process Flow Diagram) 工艺流程图164 P/L Packing List 装箱单165 PM Project Manager 项目经理166 PMC Project Management Contractor 项目管理承包商167 PMM Project Material Manager 项目材料经理168 PNA Polynuclear aromatics 稠环芳烃,多环芳烃169 PNA Paraffin, Naphthene, Aromatic 烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃170 PO Procurement Order 采购订单171 POX Partial Oxidation 部分氧化造气172 PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯173 PPM Project Procurement Manager 项目采购经理174 PQP Project Quality Plan 项目质量计划175 PQAM Project Quality Assurance Manager 项目质量保证经理176 PQCM Project Quality Control Manager 项目质量控制经理177 PR Procedure 程序178 PRC People Republic of China 中华人民共和国179 PRS Power recovery system 能量回收系统180 PSA Pressure swing adsorption 变压吸附181 PSM Project Site Manager 项目现场经理182 PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯183 PW Paraffin wax 石蜡184 QA Quality Assurance 质量保证185 QC Quality Control 质量控制186 QM Quality Management 质量管理187 RDS Resid desulfurization 渣油(加氢)脱硫188 RFCC Resid FCC 渣油催化裂化189 RFG Reformulated gasoline 新配方汽油190 RHC Resid hydroconversion 渣油加氢转化191 RHDS Residue hydrodesulfurization 渣油加氢脱硫192 RIS Refinery information system 炼油厂信息系统193 RMP Risk management plan 风险管理计划194 RON Research octane number 研究法辛烷值195 RONC Research octane number clear 不加铅研究法辛烷值196 ROSE Resid oil supercritical extraction 渣油超临界抽提197 SCO Synthetic crude oil 合成原油198 SDW Solvent dewaxing 溶剂脱蜡199 SIGF Site Integration & General Facility 全场一体化和一般设施200 RFSU Ready for Start Up 待开车201 S/C Subcontractor 分包商202 SM Styrene Monomer 苯乙烯单体203 SOR Start of run 运转初期204 SR Semi-regenerative 半再生的205 SR Straight run 直馏206 SRU Sulfur recovery unit 硫磺回收装置207 SS Stainless Steel 不锈钢208 SSOT Single stage once through 一段一次通过加氢裂化209 STG Steam Turbine Generator 蒸汽发电机210 TAN Total acid number 总酸值211 TBD To be Determined 待定212 TBN Total base number 总碱值213 TBS Technical Bid Summary 技术标概要214 T&C'S Terms and Conditions (e.g. of purchase) 术语和条件(用于采购) 215 TCD Target Completion Date 目标完成日期216 TGCU Tail gas cleanup unit 尾气净化装置217 TGTU Tail gas treating unit 尾气处理装置218 TIC Total Installed Cost 总体安装费用219 T&L Traffic and Logistics 交通与后勤管理220 TS Technical Specialist 技术专家221 TSA Technical Services Agreement 技术服务协议222 TF Tank Farm 罐区223 UFD Utility Flow Diagram 公用工程流程图224 ULSD Ultra low sulfur diesel 超低硫柴油225 UK United Kingdom 英国226 UR Unit Rate 单价227 USA United States of America 美利坚合众国228 VDU Vacuum distillation unit 减压蒸馏装置229 VE Value Engineering 价值工程230 VGO Vacuum gas oil 减压瓦斯油231 VI Viscosity index 粘度指数232 VL Vendor List 制造厂表233 VP Vendor Print 厂商资料234 VPMS Vendor Print Management System 厂商资料管理系统235 VPTL Vendor Print Transmittal Letter 厂商资料传送236 VR Vacuum residue 减压渣油237 VRDS Vacuum residue desulfurization 减压渣油加氢脱硫238 VTB Vacuum tower bottoms 减压渣油239 WAN Wide Area Network 广域网240 WHSV Weight hourly space velocity 重时空速241 WPC World Petroleum Congress 世界石油大会242 WT Weight 重量243 WWTS Wastewater treatment system 污水处理系统244 VCM/PVC Vinyl Chloride 氯乙烯/聚氯乙烯245 VIP Value Improvement Practices 价值工程实践246 WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构247 XHVI Extra high viscosity index 超高粘度指数。
石油词汇英文汉文对照
一、钻井作业1．钻台构造，设备，器材类：drilling equipment mast, derrickfree standing mast drill floorv-doormonkey board substructure mouse hole, rat hole gin polesetbackcrown block travelling block hookswivelpower swiveldraw worksrotary tablekellykelly cockdrum shaftcat headcat linedeadline anchor sand line 钻井装置，钻机井架无绷绳轻便井架钻台坡板，井架大门二层台井架底座鼠洞人字架立根盒天车游动滑车大钩水龙头动力水龙头绞车转盘方钻杆方钻杆滚动轴猫头猫头绳死绳固定装置捞绳器work line，drillinglinedeadlinetongpower tongkelly drivesafety clampelevatorcenter latchelevatorelevatorchain blockair hoistbushingmaster bushinginside BOPpipe wrenchlifting subkelly spinnergeolograph cablejacketfinger boardsliprotary slippower slip大绳死绳大钳动力大钳方钻杆滚子补心安全卡子吊卡中开门吊卡吊环倒链气动绞车补心转盘大补心回压凡尔管子扳手提升短节方钻杆旋转器气测引绳导管架指梁卡瓦转盘卡瓦动力卡瓦2．钻头 3.组合Bitcone bittri-cone bit bit noggle 钻头牙轮钻头三牙轮钻头钻头水眼镶式钻头drilling assemblydrill stringsdrill stembit sub钻具组合钻杆柱钻柱钻头接头扶正器insert bitmilled teeth bit diamond bit conebit breakerhole opennerbit bearingbit diameterbit lifebit gaugebit teeth (type) bit wearnoggle size noggle efficiency bit cost(time) midco bit 铣齿钻头金刚石钻头牙轮钻头装卸器扩眼器钻头轴承钻头直径钻头寿命钻头规钻头齿钻头磨损水眼尺寸水眼效率钻头成本刮刀钻头stabiligerwing stabiligerreamerdrill pipe(drillcollar)heavy weight drillpipecrossover subshock subjars(rotary jars)bumper subpup jointjoint(stant)casing scraperwall scrapertaper millingfriction jointcasing centralizer翼状扶正器辊轮扶正器钻杆（钻铤）加重钻杆配合接头减震器震击器缓冲器短节，短管单根（立柱）套管清刮器井壁刮刀锥形铣刀耐磨短节套管扶正器4.泥浆循环A．循环系统 B.水力学mud pump duplex slush pump triplex slush .. piston(cylinder)l iner(piston rod) air chamber rotary hosemud return line standpipeelbow(tee)crosssuction line shale shaker 泥浆泵双缸泥浆泵三缸泥浆泵活塞（气缸）缸套（活塞杆）空气包泥浆水龙带泥浆返出管立管弯接头（三通）十字接头,十字管上水(吸水)circulationnormalcirculationreversecirculationfilling up mudcirculation rateannulusannular velocityannular returnvelocitycirculatingpressure循环正循环反循环灌泥浆循环速度环形空间环隙流速泥浆返回速度循环压力静水压力泥浆柱泥浆柱压力压力损失压力冲击抽吸压力mud gun desanderdesilterdegasser centrifugal pump mud agitatorgoose neckmud linehoppermud tanksuction tank reserve pitsludge tank chemical tankmud ditchflow linepossum velly tank pump stroke counter mud flow meter mud weight indicator fill linemixing pump supercharge pump lag time 管线泥浆振动筛泥浆枪除砂器除泥器脱气器离心泵泥浆搅拌器鹅颈管泥浆管线漏斗泥浆池吸入缸储存池加重泥浆池化学药剂缸泥浆槽泥浆出口管计量缸泥浆补给缸泥浆泵冲数计量计泥浆流量计泥浆重量指示器灌泥浆管线混合泵灌注泥浆泵迟到时间hydrostaticpressuremud columnpressure of mudcolumnpressure losssurge pressureswab pressurepressure gradientpressureequilibriumslip velocitycritical velocitycoefficient offrictionbottom holepressurepressure loss inpipepressure loss inannulusvolume insidepipevolume ofannulusmud volumereture mudpit leveldischarge ofpumppump pressurepumping speedpump efficiency压力梯度压力平衡沉降速度临界速度摩擦系数井底压力管内压力损失环空压力损失管内容量环形空间容量泥浆量返出泥浆泥浆液面尖排量泵压泵冲数泵效率流量剪切速度层流涡流塞流泵冲数累计flow rateshear ratelaminar flowturbulent flowplug flowpump count C.泥浆mud conventional lime mud gypsum mud saturatedsalt-water seawater mud mudoil-base mud heavy viscous mudheavy mud weighted mud light-weight mud lignate mudgel-mudD.泥浆处理剂additive chemicals chemical treatment weight material viscosifier dispersing agent emulsifier wetting agent 泥浆普通泥浆石灰泥浆石膏泥浆饱和盐水泥浆海水泥浆油基泥浆高粘度泥浆重泥浆加重泥浆轻泥浆铁铬盐胶质泥浆泥浆处理剂处理剂，添加剂化学剂化学处理加重剂增加剂分散剂，稀释剂乳化剂湿润剂稳定剂除钙剂降失水剂PH控制剂润滑剂消泡剂破乳剂洗涤剂surface-activemateriallignateCMCbentonitebaritemicalimesodiumbichromatepotassiumchlorateasbestosE.泥浆性质及其它cuttingsbottom upfilter cakedehydrationWL. water lossformationGEL. gel strengthGELO initial gelstrengthGELIOten-minutes gel表面活性剂铁铬盐钠-羧基纤维素土粉，膨润土重晶石云母石灰重铬酸钠氯化钾石棉岩屑携带岩屑泥饼失水失水量破坏地层切力初切力终切力处理泥浆，配泥浆酚酞粘度塑性粘度视粘度（表观粘度）屈服点泥浆污染固体含量stabiliging agent calcium remover filtration-reducing PH control addirive lubricant defoamer emulsion breaker detergentLCM 堵漏剂mud conditioningphenolphthaleinviscosityPV plasticviscosityA V apparentviscosityYP yield pointContamination ofmudSolid contentSand contentGas cutClaycontamination含砂量气侵粘土侵5.丝扣类tool jointthreadbox (pin) couplingREG reagularFll full holeIF internal flush upsetIU internal upsec EU external upsec Internal-external upsecFlash welded tool jointthread protecter tightetloosen 钻杆接头丝扣母扣（公扣）联接器正规扣贯眼扣内平扣加厚内加厚外加厚内—外加厚闪光焊接接头护丝上紧放松上扣mud weightalkalinityaciditycolloidgelpolymermud densitymud testingfiltration testapparatufilter papermud balanceV-G meterfunnelviscometermud retortsand content泥浆比重，泥浆重量碱性酸性胶体凝胶聚合物泥浆密度泥浆测试失水量测定器滤纸泥浆比重计直接指示粘度计漏斗粘度计泥浆蒸馏器砂量测定器试纸造斜器套管射孔器划眼make up break out thread dope 卸扣丝扣油settest paperwhipstockcasingperforatorream6.作业A．一般作业drillingworking instruction POH.pull out of the holeRIH.run in the holetripshort trip oppenning reaming deviation survey completion multiple complation perforationleak off testlay down setting slip pulling slip latching elevator unlatching elevatorcut off workline standby 钻进作业命令起钻下钻起下钻短起下钻扩眼划眼测斜完井多层完井射孔漏失试验甩，放倒座卡瓦起卡瓦挂上(门上)吊卡打开吊卡切断大绳待机等候气象等候器材换钻头纠正井眼，纠斜通井上下活动钻杆B．取心corecoringcore bitcore barreliner barrelouter barrelcore catchercorehandlingtoolscorerecoveryC.打捞fishingfishing jobfishing toolsjunk basketfishing jarsfishingbumper subback offdie collarovershotsafety jointmetal petal岩心取心工作取心钻头取心筒内取心筒外取心筒岩心爪取心工具取心收获率打捞打捞作业打捞工具打捞蓝打捞用震击器打捞用缓冲器倒扣打捞卡瓦，打捞杯打捞筒安全接头花篮套管打捞筒铣具打捞蓝岩心出筒wait on weather wait on material change bithole straightening wiper tripwork the pipe up&down nipple up well headrig up (down) 安装井口安装(拆卸)钻机basketcasing bowlmilling tooljunk basketretrieve core7．钻井事故和现象8.钻井参数类，仪器类drilling troublelost circulationzone of lost circulationto stop lost circulation kickkick controlblow outpit drillinside BOP drill killing a wellstuckfree pointfreepipecalulating free point differential pressuresticking key seatkey-seating sticking bottom fillsand bridge 井下事故井漏漏失层堵漏井涌控制井涌井喷防喷演习安装回压凡尔演习压井卡钻，被卡自由点未卡部分钻柱卡点深度计算压差卡钻粘附卡钻键槽键槽卡钻沉砂砂桥weight indicatorhook loadhook posi t ionhook load offbottomweight in airweight in mudbuoyancycoefficienton bottomoff bottomdepthtable heightkelly downkelly upkelly down depthvertical depthweight on bitbit positionrotary speedtorque指重表大钩负荷大钩位置钻柱不接触井底的大气中的重量泥浆中的重量浮力系数接触井底离开井底井深转盘高度方入方余方入井深垂直深度钻压钻头位置转盘转数扭矩转盘扭矩表大钳扭矩表钻头扭矩转数over pulling dragball up cane-in twist off erode out drilling breakresidual oil saturated 遇卡遇阻泥包坍塌扭断，脱扣刺坏钻进突变进尺突然加快残油饱和烃tale torque metertong torque meterbit torquerevolutionrate ofpenetrationdrillingworking pressureratioton-miledrilling costmake up torquepressure gagedrilling recorder钻速工作压力吨—里钻头成本上扣扭矩压力表钻井记录仪9.气测，录井参数仪器mud logginggas chromatography gas showingoil showinggas cutgas analysistotal gas connection fluorescencegas in mudC1.methaneC2.ethaneC3.propaneC4.butaneiC4.iso-butanenC4.normal-butane C5.pentaneiC5.iso-pentane 气测、泥浆录井气体色谱仪气显示油显示气侵气体分析气体全量接单根气荧光反应泥浆中气量甲烷乙烷丙烷丁烷异丁烷正丁烷戊烷异戊烷脱气器效率drier.dring ovenfloatlimit switchproximity switchcable.wirelineconnecterterminallag timesampling depthsampling intervaltripping timemud weightmud temperaturemud resistivitymud conductivitygeothermalgradientcasing burst干燥器浮筒极限开关非接触式开关电缆联结器接线柱、线端迟到时间取样深度取样间距起下钻时间泥浆密度泥浆温度泥浆电阻率泥浆导电率温度梯度套管破坏压力关井钻杆压力关井套管压力泥浆增加量degasser effici e ncy shale densitybulk density grain density computer hardware softwareinput(output) sensor densimeter 页岩密度计算密度颗粒密度电子计算机硬件软件输入（输出）传感器密度仪pressureshut in drill pipepressureshut in casingpressurepit volumeincreasedrift angledog leg ratiodeclinationpit level meterqualitativeanalysisquantitativea n alysis倾角狗腿率倾斜，偏差泥浆液面计定性分析定量分析10．钻井其它用语open hole, bore hole straight well directional well baffle platebrakebrake lininginertia brake running tooltie back toolclutch transmission machine oil greaseturbo-drill bearingshallow gasMSL mean sea level 裸眼直井眼定向井、斜井挡盘，承托环刹车刹车片惯性刹车下入工具回接工具离合器传动装置,变速器机器油黄油涡轮钻具轴承浅层气total depthhole sizebore hole wallbottom holetour(游).shift(移动,更换)morning tournight tourdrilling logchoke manifoldchoke linekill manifoldkill linevalveback pressurevalvecheck valve总深度井眼尺寸井壁井底班早班夜班钻井记录阻流管汇阻流管线压井管汇压井管线阀，阀门回压阀，单向阀单流凡尔（阀）安全阀闸阀蝶阀formation slow pump thrristor 平均海平面地层低速泵可控硅safety valvegate valvebatterfly valvedump valve放泄阀二、下套管三、固井casingrun casingcasing program gradebuttressextrem linecasing monkey boad casing tongcasing elevatorslip-type elevator side door elevator singlecasing sub centraliger collapsedriftingdrift mandrel conductor pipe drive piperiserpile hammer hammer joint bucklingmud line nanger linerliner hanger offshore hammer 套管下套管套管程序级，等级梯形扣螺纹联结的箍套管平台套管大钳套管吊卡卡瓦式吊卡侧开式吊卡卡盘套管接头套管扶正器压坏，破坏通径通径规导管击入管隔水管打桩机锤击接头压曲泥线悬挂器尾管尾管挂器海洋打桩机cementingcementcement slurryinner stringcementingstage cementingplugging backcementingcement flushsquee z ecementingportland cementgel-cementahead waterbehind watercement slurry forleadcement slurry fortailspacermixing wateradditiveretarderacceleretoreconolitesilica flourdisplaceWOC.wait on固井水泥水泥浆内管注水泥分级注水泥回堵注水泥水泥冲洗挤水泥硅酸盐水泥(普通水)胶质水泥先行水末端水先行水泥浆末端水泥浆隔离液溶解水处理水缓凝水促凝水水玻璃硅粉替候凝管线试压清洗管线固井泵水泥面cementline testline cleaning cementing pump top of the cementexcessreturnback pressure stab in adapter cementing line surge tankfloat collarfloat shoeguide shoe casing shoeDv collarplugplug container free fall plugshut off plug openning bomb closing plugby-pass plugshut off baffle cement basket circulation headjet mixerfloat valve四．井口作业well headwell dead assembly bell nipple 附加量返出水泥浆回压插入密封接头固井管线缓冲缸浮箍浮鞋引鞋套管鞋分级注水泥短节水泥塞水泥头自由下落胶塞封闭胶塞开孔胶塞关闭胶塞旁通封闭承托板水泥汆循环接头水泥混合漏斗浮阀井口井口装置井口喇叭管防喷器single ramdouble rampipe rambind ramshear ramBOP stackflangelocking flangetie-domn flangeadapter flangebolt (nut)packingplastic packingring gasketclampwear bushingcasing headspool.drillingspoolcasing spooltubing spooltubing headreducerplug testercup testerfunction testseal单阀梅式防喷器双阀梅式防喷器闸梅式防喷器全封闭式防喷器全封枚式防喷器装好的井口防喷装置法兰盘锁紧法兰盘系紧法兰盘异径法兰盘螺丝（螺母）密封垫塑料密封圈钢圈，垫圈夹子保护套，法兰保护套管头四通套管四通油管四通油管头大小头注塞式试验器杯式试验器功能试压密封，封堵BOP.blow out prevent accumlatorbay type BOP 储能器万能防喷器leaktubing hangerpressure test漏，泄漏油管挂试压五．电测electric logging logging program logging tool spontaneous potent--ial log IES.induction-- Electrical survey DLL.dual induction-laterolog ILM.medium induction-log IDL.deep invetiga---tion induction log formation conductivities geometric factor invated gone invation diameterded respons borehole response micro log microlaterolog proximity log laterologsonic logamplitude logCBL.cement bond log VDL.variable density 电测测井程序测井仪器自然电位测井感应测井双感应测井中感应测井深感应测井地层电导率几何因子侵入带侵入直径地层响应井眼响应微电极测井微侧向测井临近侧向测井侧向测井声波测井声幅测井检验固井质量测井BHTV.boreholeteleviewersonic waveradioactivity loggamma rayneutrongamma ray logside wall neutronloghydrogen indexdensity loggamma-gammalogdensity toolneutron lifetimelogdiplogdipmetercaliper logstick plotagimuthfrequency plotdifferentialtemperature--logborehole fluidsamplerradiactive tracer井下电视声波放射性测井伽玛射线中子射线自然伽玛测井井壁中子测井含氧指数密度测井伽玛—伽玛测井密度测井仪中子寿命测井地层倾角测井地层倾角仪井径测井短棒图方们频度图微差井温测井井下流体取样器放射性示踪测井模拟记录照相记录地面刻度井下刻度井场刻度测井电缆logBHC.borehole compen s atedsonic log depth scale contact device 变密度测井井眼补偿声波测井深度比例尺贴井壁仪器loganalog recordphotographicrecordingsurfacecalibrationdomnholecalibrationwell sitecalibrationlogging cablesingle conductorseven conductorcablecable drumeccentering armwell shooting单芯七芯电缆电缆液筒偏心臂，推靠器地震测井Temperature log CST.chrondogical-sample taler RFT.repeat pormationtester explosiveblasting capgun of perforation core gunpullrytubing puncher bridge plug六．试油1.试油仪器tubing 温度测井井壁取心电缆式地层测试炸药雷管射孔枪取心器滑轮油管射孔器桥塞油管landing nippleperforated nippleseal nippleno-go nipplelocatorentry guidenuckle jointstuffing boxchiksan jointhydro-springtesterpump-outreversingslip joint subshear pin联顶短节带孔短节密封短节终端短节定位器进入导向铰链接头，快速双联防喷盒，盘根盒活动弯头液压弹簧测验仪反循环接头伸缩联接安全销井底压力计christmas tree packerchoke adjustadle choke master valve choke manifold flow line separater burnerblower wireline unit lubricator sliding side door downhole tool shifting tool needle valve flow meter level meter 采油树封隔器油嘴可调油嘴总闸门试油树,油阻管汇出油管,输油管分离器燃烧器鼓风机试井绞车试井绞车防喷盒滑套循环接头下井工具变位工具针形阀流量计液位器amerada gagebottom-holesemplerequalzing valveproductionplatfrom2.试油的一般词汇collect dataflow testflowflow rateflowing pressurewell-headpressurebottom-holepressurewell-headflowing pressurebottom-holeflowing pressuretubing pressurecasing pressurepressure declineshut-inshut-in pressurepressure gradient井底取样器平衡阀采油平台取数据流量试验放喷流量流动压力井口压力井底压力井口流压井底流压油管压力套管压力压力降关井关井压力压力梯度reservoir pressure hydrostatic pressure bottom-hole temperature temperature gradient 油层压力静水压力井底温度温度梯度地温梯度热膨胀gas reservoircondensatewell cleaningformationdamage气层凝析油洗井生产层损坏压裂砂堵geothermal gradient thermal expansion pour pointstatic pressure build-upbuild-up curve GOR gas oil ratio draw downdraw-down test fkowing life natural flowinch watergas gravityolifice platechartcalibration conversion chart function scanning production test injection testDST drill stem test acidifingkill the well production(daily production)oil reservoir 流动点静压压力恢复压力恢复曲线油气比压力差稳定排液法自喷期自喷英寸水柱天然气比重测气孔板卡片，卡板刻度换算图表函数，功能扫描试油注入试验中途测试,地层测试酸化处理压井产量(口产量)油层fracturesand troubleswabbingbubblebreak downdry holeair bathassociated gasflare stackcarbonic acid gasspent acidoil fenceemulsifying agentemulsion breakerwater cushionstripper welldecline ofproduction七．废井，拖航1.废井abondoned wellmarine cutterreleasing spear2.拖航towingmain tug boat抽吸气泡破裂干井气浴伴生气火舌管二氧化碳废酸油垣乳化剂破乳剂水垫低产井产量下降报废井水力割刀套管打捞矛拖航主拖轮tow line marker buoy slowing buoy location buoy mooring rope 拖缆，拖绳指点浮标抛标井位浮标系泊绳，龙须缆semisubmersibledrilling unitcranesubmerged pumpdesolinator半潜式钻井船吊车潜水泵造水机锅炉发电机locationon location anchor winch mileknot headingjack upjack down jacking system 井位定位锚机英里节，海里航向，船首的方向升船降船升降系统boilergeneratorplunger pumpfuel oil tankwaist oil tankbilge tankhulldeckhelicopter portpipe rack柱塞泵燃料缸污油缸船底水舱船身甲板飞机平台管架legair gapjetingpre-load testebb tidehigh tidestrandmatmudcurrenttide八.钻井船1.设备，空间drilling bargejack-up type drilling unit 桩腿气隙冲沉垫压载平潮涨潮搁浅沉垫浮泥游泥海流潮流钻井船自升式钻井船center rackpipe yardstarboadthe port sideliving quarterengine roomofficejack housecontrol roomhatchdog houseturbineturbine generatorturbo-jet engine中间管架管子站右航左航居住区机舱办公室升降室控制室升降口值班室涡轮涡轮发电机涡轮喷气式发电机2.工具，器材hammer wrench pincers wire nail 锤扳钳子钢丝钉子3.机械部分partso-ringgasketpackingwasher零件密封圈密封衬垫衬垫，填密垫圈hoselineflexible joint shacklepaintanglestainless steel fresh waterdrill water portable water gasolinediesel oil lubricating oil grease machine oil aviation fuel antifreefes welding electrode bench clamp scissors tweezers adhesive tape tape measure refrigerant 软管管线挠性接头猫卸扣，联接环油漆角钢不锈钢淡水钻井水饮料水汽油柴油润滑油黄油机油航油不冻液焊条台钳剪子，剪刀镊子胶布，橡皮膏卷尺，皮尺制冷剂lockwasherboltnutpinroll pinslip ringretaineradaptersubrodconnectorunionpulleygearclampmandrelshaftspringscrewscrewdriverholdersupportcoversocketspare parts锁紧垫圈螺栓螺母销子滚销滑环挡环接头短节杆联接器联管节滑轮，（滑轮）槽齿轮夹子心轴轴弹簧螺钉螺丝刀，改锥支承支架外壳插座备件4.人员superviser interpreter drilling crew drilling foreman 监督翻译钻井队员钻井队长钻井技师领班mm millimeterin inchft feetmile毫米英寸英尺英里升，公升tool pushertour tool pusher drillerasistant driller derrick manfloor man drilling engineer drilling technician mud engineer mechanic roustabout weldercrane operator electriciandivercookdoctormaterial man barge engineer radio operator 5.单位M.meterKm.kilometer Cm.centimeter 司钻副司钻井架工钻台工钻井工程师钻井技术员泥浆工程师机械工，机工装卸工，水手电焊工吊车工电工潜水员炊事员大夫材料员平台工程师电报员米千米，公里厘米l literkilolitertong gramkg kilogramgal gallonbbl barrellengthareaibs poundvolumemesurmentweight6.行为hitpushpull.drawtie knotunfasten, loosentake offput, laylift, raiseget down千斤吨克千克，公斤加仑桶长度面积磅体积容积重量打推拉系上解开拆卸放起，举，升下，降brush, polish put in order measure throw away throwcut off welding spot welding 擦整理量，测量扔掉扔，投割断，切断电焊点焊交替抹油supply boatloadingunloadinghelicopterbeaconV.II.FFdrop anchorpick up anchor.供应船装船卸船直升飞机导航仪高频电话抛锚起锚take place, shiftput dope on, grease up maintenance overhaul preservation install, rig up, set take off, rig down operate, runtearing down, disassemb lying cleaningrepair7.现象be broken, be damagedout of order, trouble wearnormalabnormal8.其他spud-inrig uprig down 保养维修大修安全安装拆卸开，操作拆下清洗，清扫修理破坏，出毛病故障磨损正常异常开钻安装钻机拆卸钻机pull anchorwelky talkyvariable loadcontractorpalletsafety belthelmetflash lightlife boatlife raftlife jacketdraftalarmmooringsounding gaugefan ductair ventanchorguide railhandrailby-passstormsafety factor对讲机可变载荷承包者货架安全带安全帽手电筒救生艇救生筏救生衣吃警报系留，系泊测深管通风导管通气锚导轨栏杆，扶手旁通风暴安全系数typhoonstresserrorsewage suspended well wild cat exploratory well appraisal well 台风应力误差污水暂停初探井，野猫井详探井详探井合同boringpollutionballast controlstrainhydraulicradioweather forecastswell钻孔污染调整压载变形液压无线电气象预报涌钻井报表扶梯contract exploration sludge stratigraphic test stand-by time nitrogendockswitch 勘探污泥基准井等候时间氮船*开关drilling reportstepsaboardrustlathestand-by boatpanelrecorderpower source靠船锈车床值班船面板记录仪电源九．地质1.岩石，形状sedimentary rocks Igneous rocks matamorphic rocks sandsandstonesiltsiltstonequartjite calcareous sandstone tuffaceous sandstone clayshalemudstone Dolomite MaristoneCoalEvaporites GrpsumAnhydriteDioriteGabbroPeridotite 沉积岩火成岩变质岩砂砂岩粉砂粉砂岩石英岩钙质砂岩凝灰质砂岩粘土页岩泥岩白云岩泥灰岩煤蒸发盐岩石膏硬石膏闪长岩辉长岩橄榄岩斑岩玄武岩枚岩carbonate rocklimestonesand limestonehalitecherttuffgranitedaciterhypliteandesitedoleritehornblendegreen tufffeldsparorthoclseagglomeratepumisescoriapyritemagnetitecaloitezeolite碳酸盐岩石灰岩砂质石灰岩盐岩燧石凝灰岩花岗岩英安岩流纹岩安山岩粒玄岩角闪石绿色凝灰岩长石正长石集块岩浮石火山渣黄铁矿磁铁矿方解石沸石粒度细砾中砾Porphyry basaltslatmarbleschist serpentine gneissmicatuffaite coquina glauconite hornffels biotitefine sand medium sand coarse sand 大理岩片岩蛇纹岩片麻岩云母层凝灰岩贝壳灰岩海绿岩角页岩黑云母细粒砂中粒砂粗粒砂gyain sizegranulepebbleboulderconglomeratebricciahardsoftcompastlooseporousangularroundlignitebentonitekaolinitekaolin巨砾砾石角砾石硬软细致，致密疏松多孔的有棱角圆的褐煤膨润土，膨润岩高岭石高岭土carbon disculfide plate tectonics syncline geanticline geosycline synclinorium anticlinoriumnose structure inelined anticline recumbent anticline overturned anticline asymmetrical anticline fractureactive faultreverse fault 二硫化碳板块构造向斜地背斜地向斜复向斜复背斜鼻状构造倾斜背斜伏卧背斜倒转背斜不对称背斜断裂活断层逆断层横向运移垂直运移层理Stratifiedcross bedingcross spreadlenticular sandtrappermeability trapstratigraphic trapstructural trapreef trappinch out trapstrikeepeirogeneticmovementorogeniccementation层状的交错层交叉排列透镜状圈闭渗透状圈闭地层圈闭构造圈闭礁块圈闭尖灭圈闭走向造陆运动造山运动胶结作用成岩作用沉积盆地海相沉积构造凹陷地下构造图lateral migration vertical migration stratification false beding beding plane 假层理层理面diagenesissedimentary basinmarine depositsstructual lowsubsurfacestructural mapseismic section地震剖面图2.地史3.测井解释geologic ageeraperiodepochagesystemseriesstagestraigraphic successionAr. archaeozoic era Pt. proterozoic era Pz. paleozoic era∈. cambrian period O. ordovician period S. silurian periodD. devonian period C. carboniferous periodP. permian period Mz. Mesozoic eraT. triassic periodJ. jorassic periodK. cretaceous period Kz. Cenozoic era 地质年代代纪世期系统阶地层层序太古代元古代古生代寒武纪奥陶纪志留纪泥盆纪石炭纪二叠纪中生代三叠纪侏罗纪白垩纪新生代早第三纪晚第三纪第三纪第四纪log interpretationcompacted sandsoft formationtight formationintervalp ermableformationrock matrixformation waterresistivitytrur formationresistivitysalinity offormation waterporositygross porosityfracture porositysecondaryporosityeffective porositywater saturationresidual oilsaturationmoveablehydrocarbon测井解释压实的砂岩软地层致密的地层井段渗透层岩石骨架地层水电阻率地层电阻率地层水的矿化度孔隙度总孔隙度裂缝孔隙度次生孔隙度有效孔隙度含水饱和度残余油饱和度可动油气残余油气井底温度对数比例尺混合比例尺线性—指数混合比例尺可动油曲线电阻率—孔隙E. paleogene period N. neogene period R. trtiary period Q. quaternary period residualhydrocarbonboffom hole teamperaturelogarithmic scalehybrid scalehybrid linear-exponentialscalemovable oil curveresitivity-porpsitycrossplottinglitho-porositycrossplotepilog度交绘图法岩性—孔隙度交绘图最终成果测井解释图4.其它reservoir source rock source bed trapcap rockgas cap basement rocks closurefolddomal structure faultfa u lt trap antiline antiline strata unconformity 储油层生油层生油层油捕，圈闭盖层气顶基岩闭合构造褶皱圆顶，穹隆断层断层圈闭背斜，背斜构造背斜层不整合upliftancient lifepollenfossilcrystallizationweatheringresistivitypermenbilitywater-bearing bedporeporositycontinentalgeochemistryground waterchlorine隆起古生物花粉化石结晶风化作用电阻率渗透率含水层孔隙孔隙率大陆架地球化学地下水氯。
石油简称(英文)
石油简称（英文）：Petroleum, CommonlyKnown as Oil石油，这一被誉为“工业血液”的宝贵资源，在现代社会中扮演着至关重要的角色。
在英文中，石油的简称通常为“Oil”，而其全称则是“Petroleum”。
这两个词汇虽然都可以指代石油，但在不同的语境和场合中，它们的用法略有差异。
石油简称（英文）：Petroleum, Commonly Known as Oil石油的英文简称“Oil”已经深深植根于我们的语言和文化中，它不仅仅是一个简单的词汇，而是一个符号，代表着能量、动力和现代社会的基础。
当我们提到“Oil”时，脑海中可能会浮现出油田中繁忙的钻井平台，或者是加油站里忙碌的场景。
在能源领域，石油的另一个英文简称“Petroleum”则更多地与化学和地质学相关联。
它提醒我们石油的起源——数百万年前，由古代海洋生物的遗骸在特定的地质条件下转化而成。
这个词汇在科学研究和教育资料中尤为常见，它帮助我们理解石油的复杂性和形成过程的奇妙。
在经济领域，“Oil”和“Petroleum”这两个词汇常常与价格波动、市场供需和国际政治紧密联系。
每当石油价格出现大幅波动时，全球经济都会受到影响，这是因为石油不仅是能源的来源，也是许多化工产品的原料，从塑料到药品，它的身影无处不在。
环境议题上，石油的简称“Oil”常常与环境破坏和气候变化联系在一起。
石油泄漏和燃烧产生的污染物对地球的生态系统构成了严重威胁。
因此，当我们谈论可持续发展、清洁能源转型时，这两个词汇就成为了讨论的焦点。
在日常生活中，石油的简称“Oil”更是无所不在。
它不仅是我们驾驶汽车时加注的燃料，也是厨房里烹饪美食的必需品。
然而，随着人们对健康和环境的关注日益增加，寻找石油替代品和更可持续的生活方式也成为了热门话题。
无论是“Oil”还是“Petroleum”，这些英文简称都承载着石油的多重角色和深远影响。
它们不仅仅是语言的符号，更是我们理解世界、探索未来的一种方式。
常用石油(英文)缩写
石油化工英语常用缩写序号 缩写 英文 中文1 AC Air Conditioning 空气调节装置2 AGO Atmospheric gas oil 常压瓦斯油3 AML Approved Manufacturers' List 批准的厂商名单4 APE Area Project Engineer 区域项目工程师5 AR Atmospheric residue 常压渣油6 ARDS Atmospheric residue desulfurization 常压渣油加氢脱硫7 ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师协会8 BD Business Director 商务主任9 BD Business Development 市场部10 BEDP Basic Design Engineering Package 基础设计包11 BFW Boiler feed water 锅炉给水12 BL Battery limits 界区13 BEDD Basic Engineering Design Data 基础工程设计数据14 BM Bill of Material 材料表15 BOD Basis of Design 设计基础16 BOD Biological Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量17 BP Boiling point 沸点18 BS Bright stock 光亮油19 BSI British Standards Institute 英国标准协会20 BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene 苯,甲苯,乙苯,二甲苯21 BTU British thermal unit 英热单位22 BTX Benzene, toluene, xylene 苯,甲苯,二甲苯23 C Construction 施工24 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计25 CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting 计算机辅助设计和绘图26 CCR Conradson carbon residue 康氏残炭27 CCR Continuous Catalyst Regeneration 催化剂连续再生28 CDU Crude distillation unit 原油蒸馏装置29 CGO Coker gas oil 焦化瓦斯油30 CI Cetane index 十六烷指数31 CL Center line 中心线32 CM Construction Manager 施工经理33 CN Conference Note 会议纪要34 COD Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量35 CPDP Chinese Preliminary Design Package 中国初步设计包36 CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法37 CR Catalytic Reforming 催化重整38 CS Carbon Steel 碳钢39 CW Cooling Water 冷却水40 FEED Front End Engineering Design 前期工程设计41 GB GUO BIAO 国标42 GCD Guaranteed Completion Date 保证完成日期43 GG Gauge glass 玻璃液面计44 GHSV Gaseous hourly space velocity 气体体积空速45 GPH Gas phase hydrogenation 气相加氢46 GSN Global Supply Network 全球供应网络47 GTG Gas Turbine Generator 燃气涡轮发电机48 GW Gross weight 毛重49 HAZID Hazard Identification Review 危险识别审查50 HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study 危险与可操作性研究51 HBP Highly branched paraffins 高支链烷烃52 HC Hydrocracking 加氢裂化53 HCCO Heavy catalytic cycles oil 重催化循环油54 HCGO Heavy coker gas oil 重焦化瓦斯油55 HDA hydrodearomatization 加氢脱芳烃56 HDF hydrofinishing 加氢后精制57 HDM hydrodemetallization 加氢脱金属58 HDN hydrodenitrogenation 加氢脱氮59 HDPE High Density Polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯60 HO Home Office 总部61 HDS hydrodesulfurization 加氢脱硫62 HDT hydrotreating 加氢精制，加氢处理63 HGO Heavy gas oil 重瓦斯油64 HR Human Resource 人力资源65 HP High pressure 高压66 HSFO High sulfur fuel oil 高硫燃料油67 HSR Heavy straight run 重直馏油68 HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 采暖通风69 HVGO Heavy vacuum gas oil 减压重瓦斯油70 HVI High viscosity index 高粘度指数71 IBL Inside Battery Limits (Same as ISBL) 界区内72 IBP Initial Boiling Point 初馏点，初沸点73 IEC International Electro-technical Commission 国际电工委员会74 IFA Issued for Approval 用于正式批准75 IFB Issued for Bid 用于招标76 IFC Issued for Construction 用于施工77 IFD Issued for Design 用于设计78 IFH Issued for HAZOP 用于危险与可操作性研究79 ISBL Inside Battery Limits (same as IBL) 界区内80 ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织81 IS&T/IT Information System and Technology (same as IT) 信息系统和技术82 ITB Invitation to Bid 邀标书83 JV Joint Venture 合营者84 KW Kilo-Watt 千瓦85 LAN Local Area Network 局域网86 LC Letter of Credit 信用证87 LCC Life Cycle Cost 寿命周期成本88 LCCO Light catalytic cycle oil 催化裂化轻循环油89 LCGO Light coker gas oil 焦化轻瓦斯油90 LCN Light coker naphtha 焦化轻汽油91 LCO Light cycle oil 轻循环油92 LDE Lead Discipline Engineer 专业负责人93 LDPE Low Density Polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯94 Level 1 High Level Schedules, control documentsused for control of total scope 项目计划195 Level 2 Intermediate Level Schedules, control documents designed to control scope at unit, area, department, contract or discipline level 项目计划296 Level 3 Detailed Schedules, control documents designed to control and report the status of individual deliverables, e.g. documents, requisitions etc. 项目计划397 LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene 线性低密度聚乙烯98 LOI Letter of Intent 意向书99 LP Low Pressure 低气压100 LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气101 LS Lump Sum 固定总价102 LS Low sulfur 低硫103 LSD Low sulfur diesel 低硫柴油104 LSFO Low sulfur fuel oil 低硫燃料油105 LSR Light straight run 轻直馏油106 LSTK Lump Sum Turn Key （一揽子价格）总承包107 LSWR Low sulfur waxy residue 低硫含蜡渣油108 LTFT Low-temperature flow test 低温流动性试验109 LTRS Low-temperature recovery system 低温回收系统110 LV Low Voltage 低（电）压111 LVGO Light vacuum gas oil 轻减压瓦斯油112 LVI Low viscosity index 低粘度指数113 LVN Light virgin naphtha 直馏轻石脑油馏分114 MC Mechanical Completion 机械竣工115 MCR Micro carbon residue 微残炭116 MEG Mono Ethylene Glycol same as EG) 乙二醇117 MHC Mild hydrocracking 缓和加氢裂化118 MPA Multi Project (Purchasing) Agreement 大宗采购协议119 MFA Multi-Facility (Purchase) Agreement 大宗采购协议 120 MON Motor octane number 马达法辛烷值121 MP Medium pressure 中压122 MPHC Moderate pressure hydrocracking 中压加氢裂化123 MR Material Requisition 请购单124 MRP Material Requisition (issued for Purchase) 请购单(用于购买)125 MRQ Material Requisition (issued for Quotation) 请购单(用于报价)126 MRR Material Receiving Report 材料验收单127 MTO Material Take-Off 材料表128 MV Medium Voltage 中（电）压129 MW Mega-Watt 兆瓦130 MW Molecular weight 分子量131 N/A Not applicable or Not Appropriate 不适用的132 N/A Not Available 无133 NEC National Electrical Code 国家电气规范134 NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association 国家电气制造商协会135 NFPA National Fire Protection Association 全国防火协会 136 NGL Natural Gas Liquids 天然气液体137 NP Normal paraffin 正构烷烃138 NPSH Net positive suction head 净吸入头139 NR Non Reimbursable (costs) 非实报实销140 NTP Notice To Proceed 开工通知书141 NTS Not to Scale 不按比例142 OBL Outside Battery Limits ￡®same as OSBL 界区外143 OBS Organization Breakdown Structure 组织分解结构144 OSBL Outside Battery Limits (same as OBL) 界区外145 P3 Primavera Project Planner 项目计划管理146 PAC Polycyclic aromatic compound 稠环芳烃,多环芳烃147 PAG Project Automation Group 项目自动化团队148 PAF Personnel Authorization Form 职员批准表149 P&ID Process and instrumentation Diagram 工艺仪表流程图 150 PID Proportional, Integral and Differential 比例、积分加微分（控制）151 PC Personal Computer 个人电脑152 PDA Propane deasphalting 丙烷脱沥青153 PDAO Propane deasphalted oil 丙烷脱沥青油154 PDU Propane deasphalting unit 丙烷脱沥青装置155 PE Project Engineer 项目工程师156 PE Polyethylene 聚乙烯157 PEM Project Engineering Manager 项目设计经理158 PET Project Execution Team 项目执行组159 PFD Process Flow Diagram 工艺流程图160 PFE Project Field Engineer 项目现场工程师161 PFPM Project Field Procurement Manager 项目现场采购经理 162 PEFS Process Engineering Flow Scheme (same as P&ID) 工艺设计流程图163 PFS Process Flow Scheme (same as PFD-Process Flow Diagram) 工艺流程图164 P/L Packing List 装箱单165 PM Project Manager 项目经理166 PMC Project Management Contractor 项目管理承包商167 PMM Project Material Manager 项目材料经理168 PNA Polynuclear aromatics 稠环芳烃,多环芳烃169 PNA Paraffin, Naphthene, Aromatic 烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃 170 PO Procurement Order 采购订单171 POX Partial Oxidation 部分氧化造气172 PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯173 PPM Project Procurement Manager 项目采购经理174 PQP Project Quality Plan 项目质量计划175 PQAM Project Quality Assurance Manager 项目质量保证经理 176 PQCM Project Quality Control Manager 项目质量控制经理 177 PR Procedure 程序178 PRC People Republic of China 中华人民共和国179 PRS Power recovery system 能量回收系统180 PSA Pressure swing adsorption 变压吸附181 PSM Project Site Manager 项目现场经理182 PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯183 PW Paraffin wax 石蜡184 QA Quality Assurance 质量保证185 QC Quality Control 质量控制186 QM Quality Management 质量管理187 RDS Resid desulfurization 渣油(加氢)脱硫188 RFCC Resid FCC 渣油催化裂化189 RFG Reformulated gasoline 新配方汽油190 RHC Resid hydroconversion 渣油加氢转化191 RHDS Residue hydrodesulfurization 渣油加氢脱硫192 RIS Refinery information system 炼油厂信息系统193 RMP Risk management plan 风险管理计划194 RON Research octane number 研究法辛烷值195 RONC Research octane number clear 不加铅研究法辛烷值 196 ROSE Resid oil supercritical extraction 渣油超临界抽提 197 SCO Synthetic crude oil 合成原油198 SDW Solvent dewaxing 溶剂脱蜡199 SIGF Site Integration & General Facility 全场一体化和一般设施200 RFSU Ready for Start Up 待开车201 S/C Subcontractor 分包商202 SM Styrene Monomer 苯乙烯单体203 SOR Start of run 运转初期204 SR Semi-regenerative 半再生的205 SR Straight run 直馏206 SRU Sulfur recovery unit 硫磺回收装置207 SS Stainless Steel 不锈钢208 SSOT Single stage once through 一段一次通过加氢裂化 209 STG Steam Turbine Generator 蒸汽发电机210 TAN Total acid number 总酸值211 TBD To be Determined 待定212 TBN Total base number 总碱值213 TBS Technical Bid Summary 技术标概要214 T&C'S Terms and Conditions (e.g. of purchase) 术语和条件(用于采购)215 TCD Target Completion Date 目标完成日期216 TGCU Tail gas cleanup unit 尾气净化装置217 TGTU Tail gas treating unit 尾气处理装置218 TIC Total Installed Cost 总体安装费用219 T&L Traffic and Logistics 交通与后勤管理220 TS Technical Specialist 技术专家221 TSA Technical Services Agreement 技术服务协议222 TF Tank Farm 罐区223 UFD Utility Flow Diagram 公用工程流程图224 ULSD Ultra low sulfur diesel 超低硫柴油225 UK United Kingdom 英国226 UR Unit Rate 单价227 USA United States of America 美利坚合众国228 VDU Vacuum distillation unit 减压蒸馏装置229 VE Value Engineering 价值工程230 VGO Vacuum gas oil 减压瓦斯油231 VI Viscosity index 粘度指数232 VL Vendor List 制造厂表233 VP Vendor Print 厂商资料234 VPMS Vendor Print Management System 厂商资料管理系统 235 VPTL Vendor Print Transmittal Letter 厂商资料传送 236 VR Vacuum residue 减压渣油237 VRDS Vacuum residue desulfurization 减压渣油加氢脱硫 238 VTB Vacuum tower bottoms 减压渣油239 WAN Wide Area Network 广域网240 WHSV Weight hourly space velocity 重时空速241 WPC World Petroleum Congress 世界石油大会242 WT Weight 重量243 WWTS Wastewater treatment system 污水处理系统 244 VCM/PVC Vinyl Chloride 氯乙烯/聚氯乙烯245 VIP Value Improvement Practices 价值工程实践 246 WBS Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解结构247 XHVI Extra high viscosity index 超高粘度指数。
石油英语词汇(中英文对照)
Generation of Oil and GasTechnical terms:tectonic forces构造作用力are those originating beneath the surface that alter the surface configuration of the earth as a result of tectonic (lithospheric) plate movement.organic material有机质is matter that has come from a once-living organismhydrocarbons烃类an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogenoverlying rocks上覆岩层the rocks that covering the reservoirpools of tar焦油池Is where the petroleum eventually reached the surface and be collected in seeps油苗places where oil has reachedshows 显示places where oil has reachedimpermeable layer of rock不透水岩层the layer of rock that can't be passed by liquids.source bed生油层the original stratigraphic horizon from which petroleum is derived.shale页岩a dark fine-grained laminated sedimentary rock formed by compression of successive layers of clay-rich sedimentorganic compounds有机化合物any compound of carbon and another element or a radicalreservoir bed储集层the stratigraphic horizon in which the petroleum is collected.anticline背斜a fold with strata sloping downward on both sides from a common crest. s alt plug盐柱the salt core of a salt domefault断层a fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another and parallel to the plane of fracturetrap圈闭a device for sealing a passage against the escape of gases, especially a U-shaped or S-shaped bend in a drainpipe that prevents the return flow of sewer gas by means of a water barrierstructural traps 构造圈闭the traps that hold oil and gas because the earth has been bent and deformed in some way.Stratigraphic traps 地层圈闭the traps which are depositional in nature. This means they are formed in place, usually by a sandstone ending up enclosed in shale. The shale keeps the oil and gas from escaping the trap.marl泥灰岩a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in limefault traps断层圈闭the traps that hold oil and gas because a faultfault gouge断层泥fine-grained material in the faultfault plane 断层面The surface along which the break or shear of a fault occurssalt dome 盐丘An anticlinal fold with a columnar salt plug at its coresedimentary beds 沉积层the stratigraphic horizon in which the settings liedfossil coral reefs古珊瑚礁a reef consisting of the fossil of coral consolidated into limestonepore space孔隙the pores in a rock or soil considered collectivelysandstone reservoirs砂岩储层a reservoir lying in the sandstone layer.fractures 裂隙A crack or fault in a rockwedge out尖灭A wedge-shaped accumulation of sand with the apex downward formed by the filling in of winter contraction cracks.2. Porosity and PermeabilityTechnical terms:permeability 渗透率permeability is the ability of the formation to conduct fluids.porosity孔隙度is defined as the ratio of the void space in a rock to the bulk volume of that rock multiplied by 100 to express in percent.bulk volume总体积the total volumeoriginal porosity原生孔隙度the inborn and natural porosity of the rockintergranular porosity粒间空隙度the porosity occurring between the grainsintercrystalline porosity 晶间孔隙度The porosity occurring between the ribsoolitic porosity 鲕状孔隙度induced porosity次生孔隙度The porosity produced by induction.That is, affected by external causes. coring 取心The use of a core barrel (hollow length of tubing) to take samples from the underground formation during the drilling operationcementing胶结A chemically precipitated substance that binds particles of clastic rocks total porosity总孔隙度is the ratio of the total void space in the rock to the bulk volume of the rockeffective porosity有效孔隙度is the ratio of the interconnected void space in the rock to the bulk volume of the rock, each expressed in per cent.in-place testing现场测量an in-site measurement occurring at the same time the sample is checked single-phase fluid saturation单相流体饱和one of the phases reach the saturation state in the rock.interstitial water间隙水Subsurface water contained in pore spaces between the grains of rock andsedimentseffective permeability有效渗透率is introduced to describe the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid fluid phase液体相a chemically and physically uniform quantity of fluid that can be separated from a nonhomogeneous mixtureflow network流体网络a flow network is a directed graph where each edge has a capacity and each edge receives a flow.The amount of flow on an edge cannot exceed the capacity of the edge.capillary properties毛管性质Capillary property, is the ability of a liquid to flow against gravity where liquid spontaneously rises in a narrow space such as a thin tube, or in porous materials such as paper or in some non-porous materials such as liquified carbon fibre. This effect can cause liquids to flow against the force of gravity or the magnetic field induction. It occurs because of inter-molecular attractive forces between the liquid and solid surrounding surfaces.gas cap气顶the rock pores in the upper zone that have been filled mainly by gas. aquifer含水层an underground bed or layer of permeable rock, sediment, or soil thatyields wateroil accumulation石油凝集面an accumulation of petroleum locally confined by subsurface geologic features. Also known as oil reservoirsaturation饱和度a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influenceviscosity粘度resistance of a liquid to sheer forces (and hence to flow)connate water原生水water entrapped in the interstices of igneous rocks when the rocks were formed.electric log surveys电测井方法In 1928, the Schlumberger brothers in France developed the workhorse of all formation evaluation tools, the electric log and it had become an important methord in modern petroleum engineering.附（原文）：1.Generation of Oil and GasPetroleum is a result of the deposition of plant or animal matter in areas which are slowly subsiding. These areas are usually in the sea or along its margins in coastal lagoons or marshes, occasionally in lakes or inland swamps. Sediments are deposited along with the organic matter and the rate of deposition of the sediments must be sufficiently rapid that at least part of the organic matter is preserved by burial before being destroyed by decay. As time goes on and the area continues to sink slowly (because of the weight of sediments deposited or because of regional tectonic forces构造作用力, the organic material有机质is buried deeper and hence is exposed to higher temperatures and pressures. Eventually chemical changes result in the generation of petroleum, a complex, highly variable mixture of hydrocarbons烃类, including both liquids and gases (part of the gas being in solution because of the high pressure). Ultimately the subsidence will stop and may even reverse.As the great weight of the overlying rocks上覆岩层and sediments pushed downward, the petroleum was forced out of its birthplace. It began to migrate. Seeping through cracks and fissures, oozing through minute connections between the rock grains, petroleum began a journey upward. Indeed, some of it eventually reached the surface where it collected in large pools of tar焦油池. Places where oil has reached the surface are called ‘seeps’油苗or ‘shows’显示.However, some petroleum did not reach the surface. Instead, its upward migration was stopped by an impervious or impermeable layer of rock.不透水岩层It lay trapped圈闭far beneath the surface. The oil and gas tend to rise and will eventually reach the surface of the earth and be dissipated unless they encounter a barrier which stops the upward migration. Such a barrier produces a trap.Four prerequisites先决条件are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed生油层, and a marine shale页岩, once a black mud黑泥rich in organic compounds有机化合物, is thought to be a common source rock.(2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer不可渗透层must occur above a reservoir bed储集层. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upwards through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution多变的within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil, and anticlines背斜, s alt plugs盐柱, and faults断层are common examples.Types of TrapsA trap（圈闭）is the place where oil and gas are barred from further movement. Geologists have classified petroleum traps into two basic types: structural traps（构造圈闭）and stratigraphic traps（地层圈闭）. Structural traps are traps that are formed because of a deformation in the rock layer that contains the hydrocarbons. About 80 to 90 per cent of the known petroleum reserves occur in structural traps.An anticline, the simplest and commonest form of petroleum accumulation, is an upward fold in the layers of rock, much like an arch in a building. A porous and permeable reservoir rock mustbe sealed above by an impermeable cover bed which is fine-grained（细密的）, relatively impermeable bed such as clay, shale,(页岩）marl（泥灰岩）, or salt. Petroleum migrates into the highest part of the fold, and its escape is prevented by an overlying bed of impermeable rock.Fault traps（断层圈闭）are also common. Again, there must be a porous and permeable reservoir rock that is sealed above by a fine-grained, relatively impermeable bed. But the real trap is provided by the fault, which prevents further updip migration(上升运移）either by the fine-grained material in the fault itself (the so-called “fault gouge（断层泥）” that results from the movement on the fault plane(断层面）) or by the brining of a fine-grained relatively impermeable bed on the other side of the fault to the position that truncates the reservoir.A salt dome(盐丘）formed when a mass of salt flows upwards under the pressure resulting from the weight of the overlying sediments（上覆沉积）. The salt dome bows up sedimentary beds(沉积层）and seals off disrupted beds(断裂岩层）and so provides traps over and around the sides of the dome.The trapping mechanism（圈闭机理）of stratigraphic traps is from stratigraphic rather than structural causes. In these, the essential features remain a porous and permeable reservoir rock sealed by a fine-grained relatively impermeable rock, but the configuration of these to form a trap arises from the particular sedimentary process and nature of the resulting sediments. The most obvious forms of stratigraphic trap are fossil coral reefs（古珊瑚礁）such as those of western Canada and Libya. In these, the voids in the reef or reeflike reservoir contain the petroleum which is prevented from leaking out by the clay or shale in which the reef is enveloped. These voids are not like the pore spaces(孔隙）in sandstone reservoirs（砂岩储层), but more solution cavities （溶洞）and fractures(裂隙）. Production rates（产油率）tend to be much higher than from sandstone reservoirs. The frictional resistance（摩擦阻力）to fluid movement tends to be much less, so there is better communication through the reservoir and it can be produced with fewer wells.Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out（尖灭）within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks. Perhaps the commonest form of stratigraphic trap is the wedging or pinching out of a sand. Discontinuous sands（不连续沉积的砂岩）, such as those that formed part of an old river system (“shoe-string” sands（鞋带状砂岩）) are enveloped in fine-grained sediment and may form a trap.2. Porosity and PermeabilityA petroleum reservoir consists of a suitably shaped porous stratum（多孔层）of rock which is capped with an impervious rock. The nature of the reservoir rock is extremely important as the oil is stored in the small spaces or pores which separate the individual rock grains. Sandstones and limestones are generally porous, and in the main these are the most common types of reservoir rocks. Porous rocks may sometimes also contain fractures or fissures, which will add to the oil-storing capacity of the reservoir.Petroleum collects in the pores or cavities intermingled with the remaining water which was buried with the sediments.When a significant fraction of the pores is interconnected so that fluids can pass through the rock, the rock is permeable. Permeability(渗透性）permits the gas, oil and water to separate partially because of their different densities.Porosity孔隙度is defined as the ratio of the void space in a rock to the bulk volume总体积of that rock multiplied by 100 to express in percent. Porosity may be classified according to the mode of origins (1) original and (2) induced. Original porosity原生孔隙度is typified by the intergranular porosity粒间空隙度of sandstones and the intercrystalline and oolitic porosity 晶间和鲕状孔隙度of some limestones. Induced porosity次生孔隙度is typified by fracture development as found in some shales and limestones and by the vugs or solution cavities commonly found in limestones. Rocks having original porosity are more uniform in their characteristics than those rocks in which a large part of the porosity is induced. For direct quantitative measurement of porosity, reliance must be placed on formation sample s岩样obtained by coring取心.In dealing with reservoir rocks储集层岩石, it is necessary, because the cementing materials胶结物may seal off a part of the pore volume, to define total porosity总孔隙度and effective porosity有效孔隙度.Total porosity is the ratio of the total void space in the rock to the bulk volume of the rock；effective porosity is the ratio of the interconnected void space in the rock to the bulk volume of the rock, each expressed in per cent. From the reservoir-engineering 油藏工程standpoint, effective porosity is the quantitative value定量值desired, as this represents the space which is occupied by mobile fluids可流动流体. For intergranular materials晶粒间物质, poorly to moderately well cemented, the total porosity is approximately equal to the effective porosity. For more highly cemented materials胶结物质, significant difference in total porosity and effective porosity values may occur.Permeability is the ability of the formation to conduct fluids （formation fluid conductance capacity）. The measurement of permeability, then, is a measure of the fluid conductivity流体传递能力of the particular material. It can be determined from samples extracted from the formation or by in-place testing现场测量. So far permeability is referred to rock conditions where a single-phase fluid saturation单相流体饱和was considered. In petroleum reservoirs, however, the rocks are usually saturated with two or more fluids, such as interstitial water间隙水, oil and gas. Effective permeability有效渗透率is introduced here to describe the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid. In the definition of effective permeability each fluid phase液体相is considered to be completely independent of the other fluids in the flow network流体网络.The effective permeability is a relative measure of the conductance of the porous medium空隙介质for one fluid phase when the medium is saturated with more than one fluid. This definition of effective permeability implies that the medium can have a distinct and measurable conductance to each phase present in the medium.Fluid Content of ReservoirIn a reservoir rock, the distribution of fluids depends on their densities and on the capillary properties毛管性质of the rock. Generally speaking, if a reservoir rock contains uniform均匀分布的pores, and if the pores are evenly distributed均匀分布的, there will be three zones of fluids流体区in the trap: an upper zone, a middle zone, and a lower zone. The rock pores in the upper zone have been filled mainly by gas. This part of the trap is the gas cap气顶. In the middle zone, the pores have been filled mainly by oil with gas in solution. In the lower zone, the rock pores have been filled by water.Although the structural traps in which oil accumulates exist in various forms, the oil usuallyoccurs in association with gas and salt water. A certain amount of water always occurs together with the oil in the middle zone. The proportion of water to oil is usually about 10 to 30 percent. Water also occurs in the gas cap, but the proportion of water to gas is frequently lower than the proportion of water to oil. However, while some interstitial water隙间水is always present in the oil zone含油带, the latter is not always underlain by a continuous body of water. Where a considerable volume of water does underlie the oil in the same sedimentary bed it is referred to as the “aquifer含水层”, and being under pressure also, it contributes to the total energy of the reservoir. The oil itself, when under pressure, contains an appreciable quantity of dissolved gas. The actual amount of gas will be governed by the pressure and temperature inside the reservoir, and the oil is said to be “saturated已饱和” if it cannot dissolve any more gas under these particular pressure and temperature conditions. On the other hand, the oil is said to be “undersaturated未饱和” if it could dissolv e more gas at the same pressure and temperature. In many cases there can be more gas in the reservoir than the oil is capable of holding in solution. This extra gas being lighter than the oil, will have formed a “gas cap气顶” above the oil accumulation石油凝集面. If the pressure of a saturated oil reservoir is reduced for any reason, gas will come out of solution, and this is an important factor in the production of oil from the reservoir. It is also possible to find accumulations of gas which are not associated with oil, as is the case in the Southern North Sea.The reservoir crude may range from a very heavy viscous (i. e., thick) oil, containing little or no dissolved gas under very low pressure, to an extremely light, thin, straw-colored oil containing a large amount of dissolved gas under considerable pressure. The viscosity粘度of the oil depends roughly on its gravity and also to a large extent on the quantity of gas which it holds in solution. The less viscous (i. e., the thinner) an oil is, and the more gas it has in it, the more readily will it flow through the interstice s间隙of the rock into the bottom of the well. The interstices of the whole of the reservoir rock were originally occupied by salt water. When the oil migrated into the upper part of this rock, it displaced the salt water from it. Not all of the salt water was displaced, however, and a certain amount remained in the interstices of the rock along with the oil. This remaining water is called “connate water原生水” or “interstitial water,” and has to b e taken into account when working out the volume of oil present in the reservoir rock. The percentage of this water can be measured by means of electric log surveys.电测井方法。
汽油的单词
汽油的单词汽油，是一种常见的燃料，广泛应用于各种机械设备中。
它的单词在英语中有很多种，下面按照类别进行介绍。
一、基础词汇1. Gasoline：这是最常见的单词，也是最正式的说法。
它是由gas和oline两个词组成的，意思是“汽油”。
2. Petrol：这是英国人常用的说法，它是由petroleum这个词演变而来的。
petroleum是指石油，因此petrol的意思就是“石油”。
3. Fuel：这个单词是指任何一种燃料，包括汽油、柴油、天然气等等。
但是在美国，fuel通常指的是汽油。
二、俚语和缩略语1. Gas：这是美国人常用的俚语，它是gasoline的缩写。
在美国，人们通常用gas来代替gasoline。
2. Petrolhead：这是一个俚语，指的是热爱汽车的人。
这个词的字面意思是“石油头”，因为汽车需要石油才能运转。
3. Unleaded：这个单词是指无铅汽油。
在过去，汽油中含有铅，但是铅对环境和人体健康都有害，因此现在很多国家都禁止使用含铅汽油。
三、相关词汇1. Gas station：这是指加油站，也叫petrol station。
在加油站，人们可以购买汽油、柴油、润滑油等燃料和润滑剂。
2. Gas guzzler：这是一个贬义词，指的是油耗很高的汽车。
这种汽车通常需要消耗大量的汽油才能行驶。
3. Gas pump：这是指加油机，也叫petrol pump。
在加油站，人们可以使用加油机为汽车加油。
总之，汽油的单词有很多种，每种单词都有自己的特点和用途。
无论是在正式场合还是在日常生活中，我们都需要掌握这些单词，以便更好地理解和使用汽油。
天然气常用英文词汇[整理版]
![天然气常用英文词汇[整理版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/045d49d188eb172ded630b1c59eef8c75fbf95df.png)
oil field 油田wildcat 盲目开掘的油井percussive drilling 冲击钻探rotary drilling 旋转钻探offshore drilling 海底钻探well 井，油井derrick 井架Christmas tree 采油树crown block 定滑轮travelling block 动滑轮drill pipe, drill stem 钻杆drill bit 钻头roller bit 牙轮钻头diamond bit 钻石钻头swivel 泥浆喷嘴turntable, rotary table 轮盘pumping station 泵站sampling 取样sample 样品，样本core sample 矿样storage tank 储油罐pipeline 油管pipe laying 输油管线oil tanker 油轮tank car, tanker （铁路）罐车，槽车tank truck, tanker （汽车）运油罐车，油罐车refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油（美作：gasoline）LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 谷物Grains种质Germ plasm真菌Fungi薪柴Fuel wood淡水FRESHWATER林学Forestry食品Food飞灰Fly ash洪水Floods防洪Flood control渔轮Fishing vessels鱼类Fish外部Externalities展示Exhibit能源Energy sources电力Electric power地震Earthquakes旱作Dry farming干洗Dry cleaning抗旱Drought control干旱Drought疏浚Dredging挽畜Draught animals灾难DISASTERS防灾Disasterprevention脱盐Desalination水坝Dams旋风Cyclones原油Crude oil堆肥Composts通勤Commuting气候Climate分类Classification烟囱Chimneys木炭Charcoal洞穴Caves桥梁Bridges边界Boundaries高炉Blast furnaces鸟类Birds沼气Biogas细菌Bacteria雪崩Avalanches属性Attributes大气ATMOSPHERE石棉Asbestos群岛Archipelagoes碱地Alkali lands藻花Algal bloom消费品Consumer goods针叶林Coniferous forests内燃机Combustionengines煤液化Coal liquefaction煤气化Coal gasification气候学Climatology气候带Climatic zones氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons纤维素Cellulose集水区Catchment areas制图学Cartography致癌物Carcinogens碳循环Carbon cycle镉污染Cadmiumcontamination建成区Built-up areas建筑物Buildings酿造业Brewing industry植物学Botany植物园Botanical gardens生物量Biomass生物学Biology自行车Bicycles细菌学Bacteriology建筑学Architecture养蜂业Apiculture畜产品Animal products畜牧学Animal husbandry氧化铝Alumina过敏素Allergens农工业Agro-industry学术的Academic工作环境Workingenvironment木材废料Wood waste木材保存Woodpreservation妇女地位Women status野生生物Wildlife天气预报Weatherprediction天气监测Weathermonitoring水边开发Watersidedevelopment流域管理Watershedmanagement水上运输Water法规控制Regulatory control区域规划Regional planning查阅服务Reference service铁路运输Railway transport广播节目Radio programme辐射防护Radiationprotection辐射监测Radiationmonitoring辐射效应Radiation effects种族关系Race relations质量控制Quality control纸浆工业Pulp industry公用事业Public utilities公共服务Public services公共关系Public relations公共信息Public information公共卫生Public health公共花园Public gardens原生生物Protozoa专业团体Professionalsociety产品标签Product labelling印刷工业Printing industry施压集团Pressure groups新闻发布Press release降水增加Precipitationenhancement家禽饲养Poultry farming池塘尾渣Ponds tailings多氯联苯Polychlorinatedbiphenyls污染风险Pollution risk污染标准Pollution norms污染监测Pollutionmonitoring污染责任Pollution liabilities污染基准Pollution criteria污染治理Pollutionabatement政策规划Policy planning塑料废物Plastic wastes植物病害Plant diseases试验项目Pilot projects自然改变Physicalalterations光合作用Photosynthesis医药废物Pharmaceuticalwastes石油提炼Petroleum refining液化天然气octane number 辛烷数，辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然气olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol ，高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂氡Radon点Point酚Phenols线Lines冰Ice烃Hydrocarbons雾Fog酶Enzymes能ENERGY煤Coal氯Chlorine酸Acids社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis酵母Yeasts风蚀Wind erosion风能Wind energy杂草Weeds水禽Waterfowl水井Water wells水盾Water quality水泵Water pumps水蚀Water erosion废物Wastes废热Waste heat火山Volcanoes病毒Viruses 藻类Algae机场Airports飞机Aircraft空运Air transportation空调Air conditioning农业AGRICULTURE声学Acoustics隔音Acoustic insulation酸化Acidification酸雨Acid rain通道Access roads动物学Zoology动物园Zoologicalgardens万维网World Wide Web木产品Wood products广域网Wide areanetwork波浪能Wave energy水涝地Waterloggedlands水处理Water treatment水污染Water pollution凤眼蓝Water hyacinth病毒学Virology兽医学Veterinarymedicine植物油Vegetable oils联合国United Nations紫外线Ultraviolet毒理学Toxicology潮汐能Tidal energy同义词Thesaurus热污染Thermalpollution致畸剂Teratogens分类学Taxonomy焦油砂Tar sands地表水Surface waters硫酸盐Sulphates地下水Subterraneanwater潜水艇Submarines暴风雨Storms太阳能Solar energy土壤学Soil sciences小岛屿Small islands化粪池Septic tanks分离器Separators海平面Sea leveltransportation水的盐化Water salination废物利用Waste use废物回收Waste recovery废物处置Waste disposal报警系统Warningsystems车辆检验Vehicleinspection城市供水Urban watersupply城市交通Urban traffic城区压力Urban stress城区改造Urban renewal城区设计Urban design城市衰败Urban decay城市地区Urban areas贫困阶层Under-privileged people热带森林Tropical forests树木苗圃Tree nurseries运输系统Transportsystems运输计划Transportplanning蒸腾作用Transpiration越境污染Trans-frontierpollution培训中心Training centre交通噪音Traffic noise交通监测Trafficmonitoring传统保健Traditionalhealth care贸易避垒Trade barriers痕量物质Trace materials痕量元素Trace elements毒理测定Toxicologicaltesting有毒废物Toxic waste有毒物质Toxicsubstances旅游设施Tourist facilities海洋热能Thermal seapower进入术语Terms of access临时住房Temporaryhousing温带林地Temperatewoodlands图象识别Patternrecognition寄生生物Parasites过度拥挤Overcrowding有机物质Organicsubstances有机溶剂Organic solvents有机农业Organic farming有机化学Organic chemistry在线服务On-line services石油泄漏Oil spills残油回收Oil residuerecuperation原油开采Oil extraction石油勘探Oil exploration恶臭公害Odour nuisance海洋温度Oceantemperature海洋倾倒Ocean dumping海洋环境Ocean circulation职业安全Occupationalsafety职业健康Occupationalhealth核能利用Nuclear energyuses噪声污染Noise pollution噪声监制Noise monitoring噪音治理Noise abatement氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides亚硝酸盐Nitrites新闻通讯Newsletter自然保护Natureconservation自然资源Natural resources天然纤维Natural fibres天然肥料Natural fertilizers国家公园National parks国内立法Nationallegislation国家边界Nationalboundaries城市废物Municipal waste登山运动Mountaineering机动车辆Motor vehicles镶嵌图案Mosaics监测技术Monitoringtechniques监测系统Monitoringsystems录象Video振动Vibration植被Vegetation矢量Vector台风Typhoons隧道Tunnels滴灌Trickle irrigation树木Trees旅行Travel运输TRANSPORTATION 毒素Toxins毒性Toxicity旅游Tourism烟草Tobacco隔热Thermal insulation 术语Terminology电信Telecommunications 硫酸Sulphuric acid科目Subjects学科SUBJECT DISCIPLINES结构Structures主食Staple foods泄漏Spillage谱学Spectroscopy谱带Spectral bands土壤Soils吸烟Smoking防烟Smoke prevention烟雾Smog模拟Simulation商店Shops污水Sewage渗漏Seepage沉积Sedimentation锯屑Sawdust沙丘Sand dunes径流Run-off道路Roads河流Rivers遥感Remote sensing释放Release难民Refugees赤潮Red tide回收Recycling娱乐Recreation光栅Raster降雨Rainfall雷达Radar采石Quarrying 洗涤器Scrubbers废金属Scrap metals分辨率Resolution居民区Residentialareas再造林Reafforestation放射性Radioactivity辐射病Radiationsickness保护区Protected areas灵长目Primates多边形Polygons污染源Pollutionsources污染物Pollutants运动场Playgrounds磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂Pesticides臭氧层Ozone layer油页岩Oil shales办公室Offices海洋学Oceanography营养物Nutrients核武器Nuclearweapons核安全Nuclear safety核电站Nuclear powerplants核燃料Nuclear fuels核事故Nuclearaccidents流浪者Nomads亚硝胺Nitrosamines硝酸盐Nitrates新闻组Newsgroup新社区Newcommunities天然气Natural gas突变体Mutants诱变剂Mutagens摩托车Motorcycles矿产业Mineral industry移栖种Migratoryspecies微生物Microorganisms气象学Meteorology汞污染Mercurycontamination岩石圈LITHOSPHERE液化气Liquefied gas温带森林Temperateforests电视节目Televisionprogramme技术转让Technologytransfer技术评价Technologyassessment技术信息Technicalinformation税收差别Taxdifferentiation焦油使用Tar use焦油生产Tar production露天剥采Strip mining河道观测Streammeasurement炼钢工业Steel industry发展状况Status ofdevelopment统计信息Statisticalinformation体育设施Sports facilities航天运输Spacetransportation固体废物Solid wastes固态地球Solid Earth太阳辐射Solar radiation日照加热Solar heating土壤改良Soilimprovement土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤退化Soil degradation土壤污染Soilcontamination土壤保持Soilconservation土壤潜力Soil capabilities软件开发Softwaredevelopment社会调查Social surveys社会指数Social indicators林农轮作Shiftingcultivation污水处置Sewagedisposal自助计划Self-helpprogrammes地震海浪Seismic seawaves监测仪器Monitoringequipment监测数据Monitoring data监测基准Monitoring criteria软体动物Molluscs拖车住房Mobile homes少数民族Minorities采矿废物Mining wastes采矿工程Miningengineering矿产资源Mineral resources矿山回填Mine filling军事活动Military activity流动工人Migrant workers微污染物Micropollutants微气候学Microclimatology微生物学Microbiology金属冶炼Metal smelting金属电镀Metal plating金属加工Metal finishing药用植物Medicinal plants材料科学Materials science海洋污染Marine pollution海洋监测Marine monitoring海洋环境MARINEENVIRONMENTS船舶工程Marineengineering边缘土地Marginal lands红树沼泽Mangroveswamps哺乳动物Mammals营养不良Malnutrition邮寄清单Mailing list低价住房Low-cost housing长期趋势Long-term trends长期预报Long-termforecasting液体废物Liquid wastes生活方式Lifestyles皮革工业Leather industry洗烫衣服Laundering陆地活动Land-basedactivities土地价值Land values陆上运输Landtransportation土地恢复Land restoration土地开垦Land reclamation土地污染Land pollution公园Public parks港口Ports污染POLLUTION毒物Poisons愉猎Poaching像素Pixel管道Pipelines照片Photograph汽油Petrols轨迹Path涂料Paints包装Packaging氧气Oxygen矿床Ore deposits空地Open spaces油类Oils油轮Oil tankers海洋Oceans洋流Ocean currents营养Nutrition核能Nuclear energy固氮Nitrogen fixation监测MONITORING采矿Mining甲烷Methane医疗Medical treatment 海运Maritime transport 疟疾Malaria经度Longitude照明Lighting纬度Latitude山崩Landslides湖泊Lakes灌溉Irrigation内插Interpolation工业INDUSTRY水电Hydroelectric power 盐酸Hydrochloric acid飓风Hurricanes捕猎Hunting湿度Humidity人权Human rights人口Human population 医院Hospitals主页Homepage公路Highways荒地Heath lands保健Health care薄烟Haze沙坑Gravel pits 图书馆Library铅污染Leadcontamination灌溉渠Irrigation canals因特网Internet红外线Infrared工业区Industrial areas免疫学Immunology超文本Hypertext水文学Hydrology硫化氢Hydrogensulphide园艺学Horticulture除草剂Herbicides重金属Heavy metals血液学Haematology布网格Gridding绿化带Greenbelts政府的Governmental冰川学Glaciology地热能Geothermalenergy地貌学Geomorphology地质学Geology遗传学Genetics基因库Gene 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石油相关词汇(英文)
石油专业词汇ancestral petroleum原石油araeo picnometer石油比重计arctic oil北极地区用油；靠近北极区开采的石油aromatic petroleum solvent芳族石油溶剂artificialasphalt人造石油沥青asphaltbasepetroleum沥青基石油base royalty 石油产地使用费bergbalsam石油black gold of Transylvania石油black gold石油bloom花；兴旺时期；石油荧光；喷霜BO石油桶数blue sky peddler不倦的石油业发起人boom town石油城；发展快的城市brown petroleum褐石油bubble point oil饱和石油bulk plant油库；石油销售站burning waters石油cheap oil廉价石油chemofining石油加工化学；石油化学合成cold-test oil低凝点石油conventional oil常规石油coplusory oil stock obligations强制石油储备cut oil乳化石油dark petroleum oils暗色石油油料degraded oil降解石油doctor sweet脱除硫醇的石油产品dollar oil美元石油domestic oil国产石油economically recoverable oil经济上有开采价值的石油exploitable oil可采石油fossil oil石油field control of petroleum products石油产品质量的现场控制fixed designation of standard test石油产品标准试验法编号freak oil非商品性石油产品；中间产品freak stocks非商品性石油产品fresh oil新采石油gas family石油气族gas liquids液化石油气gas-oil fluid viscosity含溶解气石油的粘度general petrochemical works石油化工总厂genesis of oil石油的成因geoline凡士林；石油gushing gold石油habitat of oil石油产地heavy asphalt crude沥青基重质石油home petroleum industry本国石油工业hybrid-base oil混合基石油hydrocarbon black石油炭黑immature oil不成熟石油in-situ oil viscosity地下石油粘度inactive oil不旋光石油Independent Oil Company独立石油公司Independents独立石油公司index of oil price石油价格指数initial oil in place原始石油地质储量inoil payment以石油支付inspissated oil风化石油Institute of Petroleum石油学会integrated oil company一体化石油公司international oil cartel国际石油卡特尔international petroleum market国际石油市场jug检波器；水罐；小型地震仪；储存天然气或其它石油产品的垂直溶洞ligarine石油醚light petroleum石油醚liquefied petroleum gas液化石油气live oil含气石油losses of petroleum products石油产品损耗low-density oil轻质石油low-grade oil低级石油LPG液化石油气LPG-air mixtures液化石油气与空气混合物mahogany sulfonate石油磺酸盐Major Oil Company国际大石油公司malthenes石油脂manus tester石油闪点测定器marine oil海洋石油markovnikite富萘石油marine petroleum exploitation海洋石油开采mayberyite富硫石油methane oil甲烷族石油micrococcus petrol石油菌migration of oil石油的运移migratory oil运移的石油mineral earthoil石油mineral ether石油醚mineral spirit石油溶剂油mixed asphaltic base oil混合沥青基石油mixed base oil混合基石油mother oil原生石油mixed oil drilling rig复合式石油钻井钻机naphthabitumen石油沥青naphthenic base oil环烷基石油naphthology石油学nascent oil初生石油national petroleum reserve国家石油储备needle coke针状结晶石油焦neo-petroleum新生石油non-asphaltic base oil非沥青基石油non-paraffinous oil不含蜡石油nonoil非石油的nonrecoverableoil不可采出的石油off-testproduct未经检验的石油产品offshore oil exploitation海上石油开采offshore oil海上石油offshore petroleum resources海洋石油资源oil accumulation石油积聚oil asphalt石油沥青oil base油基；石油特性oil boom拦油栅；石油热oil boycott石油抵制oil broker石油经纪人oil cold test石油产品浊点或凝固点测定oil company石油公司oil concession石油特许权oil conservation石油资源保护oil consuming countries石油消费国oil country tubular goods石油管材oil crisis石油危机oil deficit石油逆差oil dehydrating石油脱水oil dehydrator石油脱水器oil delivery石油输送oil demand石油需求oil deposit石油矿床oil development石油开发oil dewaxing石油脱蜡oil distillate石油馏分oil dollar石油美元oil embargo石油禁运oil emplacement石油侵位oil engineer石油工程师oil entrapment石油捕集作用oil equipment石油设备oil exchange石油交易所oil exploration石油勘探oil exportiog countries石油出口国oil extraction石油抽提oil finder石油勘探工作者oil fire石油火焰；石油燃烧造成的火灾oil fuel石油燃料oil gas tar石油裂解焦油oil gas石油裂解气oil gasification石油气化oil gauge油表；油尺；油面指示器；石油比重计oil generation zone石油生成带oil generation石油生成oil genesis石油成因oil geology石油地质oil glut石油过剩oil gradient line石油梯度线oil hydrometer石油比重测定仪oil in situ原地石油储量oil in reserve储存油；尚未能利用的石油储量oil indication石油显示oil industry石油工业oil initially in place原始石油地质储量oil jetty石油码头oil magnate石油大王oil market simulation石油市场模拟oil marketer石油销售商oil measurement石油计量oil meter石油计量器oil migration石油运移oil mining method石油采矿法oil money石油资金oil origin石油成因oil package石油产品容器oilpatch含油岩屑；油斑；石油勘探、开采和油田管道铺设所涉及的地域；油田oil payment产量提成；以石油支付oil permit石油装载许可证oil pitch石油沥青oil pollution石油污染oil potential潜在石油储量oil power石油动力；石油动力机oil producer石油生产商；产油井oil product石油产品oil production石油开采；采油量oil properties石油性质oil promoter石油推销人；卖油再钻新井油商oil prospecting石油勘探oil puncher石油经纪商oil reserves石油储量oil resources石油资源oil royalty石油矿区使用费oil search石油普查oil selfsufficiency石油自给oil share markets石油股票市场oil shock石油冲击oil shortage石油不足oil shrinkage loss石油收缩损失oil shrinkage石油收缩oil stock market石油股票市场oil storage石油储存；储油库oil storing石油储存oil trap石油圈闭；隔油池oil vapour石油蒸汽oil weapon石油武器oil油；石油oil-fuel depot石油燃料库oil-impregnation石油浸染oil-rich富含石油的oil-transferring石油输送；油传送onshore oil terminal陆岸石油集输终端origin of oil石油成因origin of petroleum石油生成original oil volume factor原始石油体积系数paper barrel纸面石油pet石油Pet.Engr.石油工程师pet.pord石油产品petro-technology石油技术petrobitumen石油沥青petrochemical complex石油化工petrochemical equipment石油化工设备petrochemical plant石油化工厂petrochemical process石油化工过程petrochemical processing石油化学加工petrochemical unit石油化工装置petrochemical waste disposal石油化学废料处置petrochemical岩石化学的；石油化学的；石油化学产品petrochemicals石油化学产品petrochemistry岩石化学；石油化学petrodollars石油美元petrogenic gas石油气petrolene石油烯；软沥青petroleum accumulation石油聚集petroleum additive石油添加剂petroleum aromatics石油芳烃petroleum asphalt石油沥青petroleum base rust preventive石油基防锈剂petroleum base石油基petroleum benzine石油醚petroleum bitumen石油沥青petroleum black石油烟黑petroleum bloom石油萤光petroleum chemicals石油化学品petroleum cloud point tester石油浊点测定仪petroleum coal固体石油petroleum coke石油焦petroleum composition石油组成petroleum contract石油合同petroleum convertibility石油可逆性petroleum cuts石油馏分petroleum demand石油需求petroleum derivative石油衍生物petroleum drilling石油钻井petroleum emulsion breaker石油破乳装置petroleum energy elasticity石油能源弹性值petroleum engineer石油工程师petroleum engineering石油工程petroleum engineering economics石油工程经济学petroleumester石油酯petroleumetherinsolubles石油醚不溶物petroleum ether石油醚petroleum exhaust石油废气petroleum exploration hydrodynamics石油勘探流体动力学petroleum exploration-oriented hydrodynamic evaluation石油勘探水动力评价petroleum fermentation process石油发酵过程petroleum fermentation石油发酵petroleum fraction石油馏分petroleum gas oil石油气体油petroleum gas石油气petroleum genesis石油形成petroleum geochemistry石油地球化学petroleum geologist石油地质学家petroleum geology石油地质学petroleum geophysics石油地球物理学petroleum hydrocarbon石油烃petroleum hydrogeology石油水文地质学petroleum industry石油工业petroleum jelly石油膏petroleum microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microorganism石油微生物petroleum migration石油运移petroleum mining machinery石油机械petroleum operation石油作业petroleum nitrogen base石油中的含氮碱petroleum origin石油生成petroleum pipe line石油管道petroleum pitch enamel石油沥青漆petroleum processing石油加工petroleum production act石油生产法petroleum products石油产品petroleum prospecting石油勘探petroleum refinery石油炼厂petroleum refining石油加工petroleum regulation石油管理法规petroleum reserves石油储量petroleum resin石油树脂petroleum resources石油资源petroleum revenue tax石油所得税petroleum series石油系列petroleum solvent石油溶剂petroleum spirit石油溶剂petroleum transport石油运输petroleum sulfonate flood石油磺酸盐溶液驱油petroleum trap石油圈闭petroleum vapor石油蒸气petroleum石油petroleum-associated water石油伴生水petroleum-in-place 石油地质储量petroleum-like hydrocarbon类石油烃petrolic石油的petroligenic natural gas石油天然气petrolite石油岩petrolwumtarsand含石油沥青的岩石或砂petromoney石油资金petronol液体石油脂petroporphyrin石油卟啉；岩卟啉petropower石油权力petroprotein石油蛋白physical oil实物石油posted oil price石油标价prospective oil远景石油储量products pipeline operation石油成品的顺序输送postlithifaction oil岩化期后石油prelithifaction oil岩化期前石油protopetroleum原生石油pteroleum base石油基地rationing of petroleum products石油产品定量分配real oil losses实际石油损耗recoverable oil可采石油remaining recoverable oil in place地下剩余可采石油reservoir oil viscosity储层石油粘度rock oil石油royalty oil政府拥有的石油saponated petroleum皂化石油search for oil勘查石油semi-asphaltic flux半石油沥青sherwood oil石油醚single train LPG plant单套液化石油气装置solid petroleum固态石油specifications API美国石油学会规范sponge coke 海绵状石油焦spot oil market石油现货市场spot sample个别试样；代表在容器一定水平面上的石油产品质量的试样sterling oil英磅石油sticky oil高粘度石油stone oil石油storage jug地下液化石油气储穴strategic oil inventory石油战略储备strategic oil reserve石油战略储备stripped oil脱去汽油的石油sulfur-bearing oil含硫石油supplementary petroleum duty补充石油税surplus of oil production石油生产过剩syngenetic oil同生石油tail of tender石油成品管输时的尾部tank volume储罐容积；油罐中油的体积；换算成标准条件下的石油体积Tertiary crudes第三纪石油theory of inorganic origin石油无机成因说theory of organic origin石油有机成因说thinned oil稀释石油trading oil纸面石油transit revenues from oil石油过境税trapping of oil石油圈闭作用travel of oil石油运移trinascol稠硫沥青石油uncompensated drainage无赔偿的石油流失underground liquefied petroleum gas storage地下液化石油气库；液化石油气地下储存unrecovered oil残留石油vaseline石油冻；矿脂；凡士林venturaite富氮石油virgin oil未开采的石油virgin tank oil换算成地面条件下的未开采石油warrenite含石蜡和异构石蜡混合物的气态或液态沥青；石蜡石油wax containing asphalt含蜡石油沥青wet barrel实物石油white spirit石油溶剂younger oil初期石油11/ 11。
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常見機關組織：
1.RDS : 重油加氫脫硫工場
2.RFCC : 重油轉化工場(重油觸媒裂解)
3.Ptb :
每仟桶原油中含鹽的磅數（pounds per thousand barrels），ppm 則是每公升原油中鹽的毫克數，兩者間的換算是：1 ptb ＝ 2.85 ppm。
4.turnkey solution(轉鑰匙方案? XD)
TurnKey Solution為統包解決方案的意思。
照字面來看，turnkey為轉鑰，也就是，負責承包專案的廠商，從頭負責到尾，最後交給客戶一把鑰匙，客戶只要把鑰匙一轉，系統便可開始運作的意思。
來源
Turnkey Solution
是整廠設備輸出契約的方式之一，賣方應負責在買方地區整廠設備的設計、製作、安裝、組合、試車，以及實際操作時的技術知識教授，或派遣技術人員提供技術指導，使整廠設備可操作、可運轉與可生產，最後將控制生產運作的鑰匙（key）轉交（turn）給買方。
5.Lump-Sum Contracts：總價承包契約
6.cost-plus contract：成本報酬契約
7.凝結油：天然氣氣層之流體於生產過程中，由於降溫降壓導致天然氣中之部份成份凝結成
液態油，稱之為凝結油，與一般原油比較，其顏色較淡，比重較輕。
8.黑油、白油
9.SAT= Site Acceptance Test 現場驗收試驗
FAT= factory acceptance test 工廠驗收試驗
10.Two out of three voting system
11.MOV=Motor Operated Valve
12.SCOT=硫磺工場尾氣處理區Shell Claus Off Treating
13.tempered water system=超純水系統
14.NACE=美國國家腐蝕工程師協會(National Association of Corrosion
Engineers)。