工商管理专业英语答案
工商管理学位英语(8套卷子)参考答案和解析
模拟试题（一）参考答案及分析Part I1.C2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.D8.A9.D 10.BPart IISection A11. D[注释] b uy v.买coin v.铸币；创造purchase v.购买manufacture v.制造；加工[句意] 这个手表是手工制造的，不是机器制造的，所以很昂贵。
12. C[注释] d iffer v.使不同recognize v.认出distinguish v.区别defeat v.击败；战胜[句意] 这两匹马看起来这么像以至于我都无法区分了。
13. D[注释] f ailure n.失败fashion n.时尚process n.过程crisis n.危机[句意] 在政治危机期间，这个公司的董事长非常镇定。
14. C[注释] occasion n. 情况vain adj.徒劳moisture n.湿度deck n.装饰[句意] 湿度通常是摄像机镜头的主要敌人。
15. C[注释] dash v.猛击；冲撞cell n.细胞crew n.全体船员gay n.同性恋者[句意] 在60个小时的努力挣扎后，全体船员离开了船。
16. C[注释] insect n. 昆虫；卑鄙的人human n.人类inhabitant n.居民；居住者flight v. 迁徙[句意] 在我们去北京的路上，我们参观了西安，一个两百万居民的城市，并在那呆了两天。
17. C[注释] gathers v.聚集hire v.雇佣discharge v.排放escape v.逃跑[句意] 空气污染的主要原因之一是许多汽车向空气排放那个烟雾。
18. A[注释] cable v.打电报cage v.把关进笼子border n.边界；国界bay n.海湾。
[句意] 不要忘记打电报告诉我们,你们已经安全到达了。
19. D[注释] signal n.信号call n.电话；摄影clue n. 线索hint n.暗示；线索[句意] 她给了他一个暗示，她不能来他的宴会了。
工商管理专业英语
一、名词解释1. The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, the line of action to be followed, the stages to go through, and methods to use.2. Human needs are states of felt deprivation. Humans have manly complex needs. These include basic physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety; social needs for belonging and affection; and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression.3. Customer value is the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product.4. Place, another key marketing-mix tool, includes the various activities the company undertakes to make the product accessible and available to target customers.5. Group technology is a concept that currently is attracting a lot of attention from the manufacturing community.6. Issuing bank is obligated to honor drawings under the L/C regardless of the buyer’s ability or willingness to pay.7. Letter of credit is an instrument issued by a bank on behalf of the importer (buyer) promising to pay the exporter (beneficiary)upon presentation of shipping documents in compliance with the terms stipulated therein.8. Leader ship is a personal relationship in which one person directs, coordinates, and supervises others in the performance of a common task.9. Advising bank. The correspondent bank in the beneficiary’s country to which the issuing bank sends the L/C is commonly referred to as the “advising”.10. Marketing mix is one of the key concepts in modern marketing theory. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market.11. Total quality management means a comprehensive approach to quality by everyone in an organization to provide customers with reliable products and services.二、简答1. What are the features of a good plan of action? P30一个好的行动计划有什么特点：（1）统一性，即一个既能面向整体又能顾及各个部分的行动计划。
工商管理英语课后习题答案汇总
回答问题汇总(U1A-U6A)Are all corporations publicly held? Can you give some examples? 17Define“line function. 60For America, why is business both a means of livelihood and a focus of one’s life at the same time? 1How do you determine the value of a business? 71How do you determine who should be hired and who should not be hired? 46How do you make a decision among mutually exclusive projects? 76How does advertising differ from personal selling? 67How does the function of job analysis differ from that of human resource planning? 36How is base compensation system? 40How is NPV calculated? 74How might job analysis increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency? 35How should sales representatives view customers? 58How to do a job advertisement? 44How to make a good compensation system? 41Is profit maximization the primary goal of a business? Why? 70Is the supply and demand issue the only concern of pricing decisions? Why? 64Is there a best legal system? Give an example if you think there is, and explain why if you think there is not.13Usually who are involved in strategic decision making process? 27What are the “4Ps” in marketing activities? 62What are the advantages of Sole Proprietorship? 14What are the components of compensation? 39What are the differences between a limited partner and a general partner? 15What are the differences between civil law and criminal law? 12What are the differences between finance accounting? 9What are the factors that affect the optimal capital structure? 79What are the five eras of marketing identified by Perreault and McCarthy? 50What are the five eras of marketing identified by Perreault and McCarthy? 55What are the five key functions of business? 7What are the main responsibilities of a financial manager? 51What are the main responsibilities of a financial manager? 69What are the major factor affecting successful strategies? 20What are the six steps in strategic management? 19What are the stages of changing function of Human Resource Management? 32What are the steps in human resource planning? 37What are the theoretical frameworks of strategic management? 21What are the traditional activities in promotion? 65What are the two kinds of sales promotions? 68What are the two primary methods of financial forecasting? 72What does “place” mean in “4Ps”? 63What does common lay emphasize? 11What does validity mean? 48What is compensation? 38What is employee placement? 47What is Human Resource Management? 30What is job analysis? 33What is marketing`s function? 8What is meant by stakeholders? 5What is meant by the concept of “middlemen”? 56What is recruitment? 42What is risk? Can you identify some risks that businesses face? 80What is the base of recruitment? 43What is the condition for professionals to form a professional partnership? 16What is the core view of contingency theory? 25What is the difference between an independent project and a mutually exclusive project? 75What is the difference between the function of a line manager and that of a staff manager? 61What is the difference between training and development? 49What is the focus of IO theory? 22What is the influence of the Internet on strategic management? 54What is the most important capital in an organization? 31What is the reason that many markets are not as competitive as they should be? 28What resources can be used for sustained competitive advantage? 26What were the characteristics of the production era? 57What will a financial manager do if the value of liabilities and equity exceeds the value of assets? 52 What will a financial manager do if the value of liabilities and equity exceeds the value of assets? 73 What are two key trends that changed the context of strategic management? 29When does an initial public offering or a seasoned offering occur? 77When is personal selling of great importance? 66Where to advertise the job opening? 45Why are businesses not isolated entities? 4Why are strategies, resources and competencies are assumed to be fairly similar among competitors within a given industry? 23Why does resource-based theory focus primarily on individual firms rather than on the competitive environment? 24Why is control important for business? 3Why is debt financing bencficial? 53Why is debt financing beneficial? 78Why is strategy important? 18Why is the information systems function important? 10Why is the job analysis important? 34Why is the role of marketing in the company changing? 59Why must business sustain a profit? 2回答问题答案1、Individuals and groups pursue business for both monetary gain and for personal identificationand recognition.2、Business must sustain a profit for the livelihood of the business as well as the individuals whoare dependent upon the business for their livelihood.3、The control will provide for successful operation of the business.4、But impact and are impacted by other businesses.5、Stakeholders mean that somebody has rights in a business.6、×7、The five key functions are Management, Marketing, Accounting, Finance and InformationSystems.8、Marketing is responsible to see that the right product is available to the right customer, at theright time, in the right place, and at the right price.9、Finance is the process of acquiring, controlling, and planning the use of a business’ funds inorder to accomplish the goals and objective of the business effectively and efficiently. This is different from the accounting function which records the business transactions.10、The objective is to ensure that the right information is available to make the decision that needs tobe made now. Without accurate information, the success of the business is by random chance.Information systems enable companies to create competitive advantages and to excel in the marketplace.11、It emphasizes the principle of stare decisis, that is , the authority of prior decisions in resolvingcurrent cases.12、The role of court decisions is minimized.13、It is impossible to answer the question of which of these legal systems is the best. Most tend tofavor the system used in our own nation and culture. An evidence of a mature society, however, is its willingness to question and criticize its own system and attempt changes and improvements when possible.14、An individual simply owns and runs his own business.15、A limited partner has no right to participate in partnership management. Unlike a generalpartnership, a limited partnership must file its articles of partnership with the State. General partnerships can be formed without doing this, or any other formalities for that matter.16、As a condition for forming this type of organization, state laws typically require the partners toshow evidence of liability insurance to protect consumers.17、No, not all of them. Larger companies are often publicly held corporations, which trade its shareson the stock markets.18、Strategy refers to top management’s plans to develop and sustain competitive advantage so thatthe organization’s mission is fulfilled. Following this definition, it is assumed that an organization has a plan, its competitive advantage is understood, and that its members understand the reason for its existence.19、1) Analyze the opportunities and threats or constraints.2) Analyze the organization’s strengths and weaknesses in its internal environment.3) Reassess the organizatio n’s mission and its goals in light of the previous two steps.4) Formulate strategies.5) Implement the strategies.6) Engage in strategic control activities.20、1) Strategic managers thoroughly understand the competitive environment.2) The mission and goals of the organization are simple and consistent with the strategy.3) Strategic managers understand the organization’s resources and how they translate intostrengths and weaknesses.4) Plans for putting the strategy into action.5) Possible future changes in the proposed strategy.21、Industrial organization, Resource-based theory, Contingency theory22、The central tenet of industrial organization theory is the notion that a firm must adapt toinfluences in its industry to survive and prosper, and thus its financial performance is primarily determined by the success of the industry in which it competes.23、Because IO focuses on industry forces。
工商管理专业英语1
Ⅰ. Explain the terms.1. Contingency approach2. Differentiation3. Objective4. Management pyramid5. Top managers6. Strategic goals7. Organizational behavior8. Operative goals9. Strategic group10. Threat of new entrantsⅡ. True and false statements.1. The three well-established approaches to management thought are the classical approach, which focus on the task of production and operation; the behavioral approach which focus on the task of managing people; and the management science approach, which focus on the task of managing work and organization.( )2. In solving problems, managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a dynamic whole but must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decision. ( )3. in other words, the contingency approach seeks to match different situations with different management methods.( )4. It seeks to identify the characteristics of jobs, people, and organization, allowing managers to see the interdependence between the segments of an organization.( )5. Between the two extremes of management practice and management science are many general who have contributed to the study of management. ( )6. In today’s innovative and competitive business environment, companies that strive to envision and define the future often haven’t an advantage over those that simply react to the present. ( )7. In many of today’s leaner company, fewer levers separate manag ers at the top and bottom. ( )8. Communication or exchanging information, is the most important and pervasive interpersonal skill that managers use. ( )9. Management is indeed in every type of organization. ( )10. In order to transform vision to reality, managers must define specific goals and objectives. ( )11. To meet these challenges, managers must possess certain skills that disable them to fulfill specific roles. ( )12. As the company grows, management can refer to the mission statement as a means of evaluating whether proposed actions are in line with the company stated purpose and values. ( )13. A starting point is to write a mission statement that defines how the organization exists and what it seeks to accomplish. ( )14. Technical skills are more important at lower organization levels.( )15. There are organizations that exist with balance sheets, capital assets, financial plans, or formal marketing strategies, but without people.( )16. Organizations are not random collections of people. ( )17. Organizations have many goals and operative goal are general and abstract. ( )18. Sometimes the coordination in organizations is a matter of absolute necessity rather than efficiency. ( )19. Individuals have intellectual and physical limitation which can only be overcome by organized group effort. ( )20. One important, although often implicit, official goal of all organizations is development. ( )21. Members must occasionally engage in innovative activities that go beyond their usual assignments. ( )22. Clearly these (often implicit) people-related operative goals are separate and independent from official goals. ( )23. Organizations are designed to continue achieve their goals even if certain members aren’t replaced. ( )24. One important, although often implicit, official goal of virtually all organizations is survival. ( )25. When there is little product differentiation, competition between present competitors is greater. ( )26. When strong product differentiation exists, the entry is easier. ( )27. Suppliers are especially important when their product is large part of buyer’s value added. ( )28. If buyers earn low profits and product involved is important part of their cost, then the bargaining will be less aggressive. ( )29. Different market segments need different bundles and different product. ( )30. An unattractive industry couldn’t lead the firm into withdrawal strategies or an attempt to form an alliance with competitors. ( )31. There are five interactive competitive forces that collectively determine an industry’s long-term attractiveness: present competitors, potential competitors, the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and substitute product. ( )32. New competitors add capacity to the industry and bring with them the need to gain market share, thereby marketing competition more intense. ( )33. Its impact can be significant, particularly when a limited number of suppliers service a number of same industries. ( )34. All four competitive forces just discussed above are affected by the passage of time; therefore, their strength varies as the industry passes from its introductory stage to its growth stage and on to maturity, followed by decline. ( )35. During the maturity period, competition forces are at their strongest, and many competitors are forced to exit the industry. ( )36. Management entails planning, organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling resource to efficiently reach these goals. ( )37. In addition to setting goals and assuming various roles, managers also employskills that fall into three basic categories: information, technical and conceptual skills. ( )38. Managers around the world use more of a contingency to survive. ( )39. First-line managers set operational objectives, which define the results necessary to achieve both the tactic objectives and the strategic goals. ( )40. The field of organizational behavior is concerned with the influence that only formal grouping has on the individuals. ( )Ⅲ.Translate the following into Chinese.1. Learning about management is important for two reasons. First, our society depends on specialized institutions and organizations to provide the goods and services we desire. These organizations are guided and directed by the decisions of one or more individuals designated as “managers”. Second, individuals not trained as managers often find themselves in managerial positions. Many individuals presently being trained to be teachers, accountants, musicians, salespersons, artists, physicians, or lawyers will one day earn their livings as managers.2. All five competitive forces just discussed above are affected by the passage of time; therefore, their strength varies as the industry passes from its introductory stage to its growth stage and on to maturity, followed by decline. Competitive forces are apt to be weakest during the fast-growth period, thus, there are substantial opportunities for gaining market share. During the shakeout period, competition forces are at their strongest, and many competitors are forced to exit the industry. During the industry maturity, competitions typically slackens, but only if the industry leader holds a strong relative position.3．The grouping that characterizes organizations is of interest to the field of organizational behavior for several reasons. First, much of the work ( both intellectual and physical ) done in organizations is quite literally performed by groups, whether they are short-term task forces or formal work groups shown on an organizational chart. We are therefore interested in predicting and explaining the functioning of these groups and controlling them so that they function effectively. You will recall that the two-person news writing/news reading team was severely disrupted by Russ’s resignation. Secondly, everyone is aware that informal grouping occurs in all organizations. That is, friendships develop and informal alliances are formed to accomplish required work: Such grouping is not prescribed by the organization and not shown on the chart, but it can have an important impact upon goal achievement. Consequently, we are interested in how such groups’ form and what their exact impact is. Finally, the field of organizational behavior is concerned with the influence that both formal and informal grouping has on the individuals who enter organizations with their own particular needs and values.4. In addition to setting goals and assuming various roles, managers also employ skills that fall into three basic categories: interpersonal, technical, and conceptual skills. As managers rise through the hierarchy, they may need to strengthen their abilities in one or more of these skills; fortunately, managerial skills can usually be learned.Ⅳ.Translate the following into English.1．在这种情况下，为了使整个体系达到其目的，折中的做法是必要的。
工商管理专业英语
工商管理专业英语第一篇：工商管理专业英语工商管理专业英语重点一．名词解释：1.whatisamanager?答：Amanager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?答：The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work?答：Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent)planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?答：Modular corporations come into being.二．选词填空1.Adrian was in charge of theallocation of available funds.2.Our firm is orientedtowards the export side of the business.3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.4.Thegraphic displays will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovativepersonnels.6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of anorganization.9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.10.general managers areresponsiblefor the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.11.He carried out a number offraudson trusting people who lent him money..12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place.15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.16.Half of the medical supplies have already beenallocated to the victims of the earthquake.17.Can youdifferentiatethis kind of rose from the others?18.The factory haslaid offworkers because of the drop in sales.19.They were blame for their failure to hold downexpenditure.20.The companyhas slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.21.The company is trying todiversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.22.Mr.Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went beyond him to deal with the whole situation.23.Tom, my next door neighbor, isexemptform military service because of his poor health.24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.25.Mr.White declared that he was notli able for his partner’s debts.26.The employees sued their manager for breach of contract.27.If we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.28.Nowadays, the manufacturing industry cannotmake do without services.29.T o merge or not to merge—that’s the question.The board of the company hasdeferred the decision to do it.30.A country’sinfrastructureservices must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.31.三．翻译英译汉：1.Sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals.Such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on ck of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse types of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback.答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生，负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。
工商管理英语A卷答案
工商管理英语A卷答案一：单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1-5 ：A AACB 2-6: BBCDD二：根据英文解释写出相应英文词汇（本大题共5小题，每题4分，共20分）anization 2 mission 3 maximize 4 popular 5 random三：将下列英文翻译成汉语（本大题共5小题，每题4分，共20分）1.管理者的工作非常复杂多维度，并且需要很多的技巧。
2.SWOT分析是计划过程当中不可或缺的一部分3.经理们需要负责资源的获取、开发、保护、利用。
4.交换必须被看做一个过程而不是事件。
5.运营管理负责人们日常购买和使用的产品与服务的制造，6.四：将下列汉语翻译成英文（本大题共5小题，每题4分，共20分）1.I have many in common with XiaoLi2.Mama to do so is for the interest of me3.We must map out a viable career planning4.He specializes in how to get a good people relationship5.Working overtime every day is harmful to our health.五：以“School Life”为题目，写一篇150字—250字的短文.,要求文体通畅，字迹清晰，言之有物。
评分标准第四档（15-20分）----使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；----语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别语法错误；----采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；----格式和语域较恰当。
第三档（10-15分）----应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；----有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；----采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；----格式和语域基本合理。
北京信息科技大学工商管理专业英语12级A卷及参考答案
北京信息科技大学2014~2015学年第二学期《专业英语》课程期末考试试卷A卷试卷、翻译及参考答案（适用工商1201-05）注：本资料答案均为参考答案非标准答案，仅供参考。
一、判断题（满分10分，共10道小题，每小题1分，不需改错）注：仅进行翻译，为百度直译,9、10题答案不一定一致1、The form of businesses decides the nature of the profit.企业的形式决定了利润的本质2、One of the functions of marketing is analyze customers, competitors and the company’sresources.营销的功能之一是分析客户和公司的资源3、Revenue comes from the direct sale, investment or interest.收入来源于直接销售，投资或利息4、According to the form of business, some businesses are not interested in making a profit.据业务的形式,一些企业在盈利方面不感兴趣5、The socialist system is similar to Common law.社会主义制度与普通法相似6、In Islamic legal system, punishment for violations is fast and harsh compared with westernstandards.在伊斯兰法律体系中，对违反行为的惩罚与西方标准相比，是快速和严厉的。
7、The owner of a patent is given the exclusive right for a fourteen-year period.给出了专利所有人的专有权十四年的时期。
8、The owners of a corporation should be personally liable for injuries caused by business activities.企业经营活动造成的伤害，应承担个人责任。
工商管理英语答案[整理版]
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河北工业大学函授生考试试卷课程英语2 教师胡静波2013/2014学年第1 学期班级13级工商姓名____________ 成绩_______注意：全部答案请清晰写明在数字题号前。
Part I Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Students can travel in the United States without spending too much money if they follow these suggestions.A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains, buses and planes. Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip, too. You’ll not only save money, but you’ll also see a lot more of the country.Some students may want to travel by car. Be sure to think about going with other students —many colleges have “ride boards” that list when and where other students plan to travel. Many radio stations provide the same sort of service —they announce who’s driving where, when, how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be.There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night.You don’t have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don’t recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm, you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.1. The passage tells students ___C___.A. how to make travel plansB. how to get help while travelingC. how to use less money while travelingD. how to choose hotels2. To see more of the country, you’d better travel ___D_____.A. by planeB. by busC. by trainD. by bike3. If you want to share rides with others, you can get information __C______.A. on the blackboards in classroomsB. from school administratorsC. through certain radio programsD. from travel agents4. According to the passage, staying at youth hostels is _A_______.A. cheapB. convenientC. comfortableD. enjoyable5. To save money, you can _D_______.A. have more candy and colaB. invite your friends for a picnicC. take some food with youD. eat in restaurants sometimesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Throughout her working life, a ship —like a motorcar —must be serviced regularly if she is to remain efficient. After a period at sea she must be overall checked and any necessary repairs must be made. There are also instances when a ship must be converted from being one kind of carrier to another. Most of today’s oil, for example, is carried by huge super-tankers. The smaller tankers, many of which are still in good condition, can be converted into bulk carriers（散货船）for the transport of sugar, coal or ore.Conversion or repair work is carried out in a dry dock, a huge hole cut into the ground and lined with concrete. At one end are large gates separating the dock from the river or sea. When these gates are opened, water pours into the dock and fills it. Aship can then enter the dock, where it is carefully fastened in an upright position.When the ship is positioned inside the dock, the gates are closed and the water is pumped out. The vessel slowly settles on to wooden blocks. Wooden supporters are put in position between the ship and the sides of the dock to prevent her from rolling over. Great care is taken to make sure that the ship rests evenly on the keel（龙骨）blocks to prevent damage being done.As soon as the ship is firmly positioned, repair or conversion work can begin on her body or superstructure.6. According to the passage, in what way is a ship like motorcar?BA. It needs to be repaired in a dry dock.B. It requires regular service.C. It can be converted into other kinds of vehicle.D. It has a long working life.7. Many smaller tankers have been converted into bulk carriers because _C______.A. there is a shortage of oil in the worldB. large amounts of sugar, coal and ore is needed in the world marketC. most of today’s oil is carried by huge super-tankersD. many of them are still in good condi ti on8. We can infer that a dry dock __D______.A. is built by the waterB. is built far from the waterC. is built under the waterD. is floating on the water9. What do you think will happen to a dry dock when the repairs to a ship are completed? CA. The water is pumped into it again.B. The gates are opened and the water pours in.C. It is floated out to sea.D. It is converted to another kind of dock.10. According to the passage, how is a ship kept upright in a dry dock? AA. It is lined with concrete.B. It is placed on keel blocks.C. It is fastened to the shore.D. It is supported with pieces of wood.Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. There seems to be an electrical problem. I’ll get someone to ____B____ it.A. look outB. look intoC. look uponD. look at2. His knowledge of English is ____A____ for the job, although he is not fluent in the language.A. adequateB. differentC. pleasantD. complicated3. Travelers in space have to ___C_____ many discomforts in their rockets.A. persistB. careC. endureD. allow4. It was hard work, but they __D______ to it and got the job done.A. continueB. followC. adjustD. stuck5. Community service can __A______ anything from gardening to helping in old people’s homes.A. involveB. remainC. insistD. ask6. It took him almost three hours to ___C_____ the distance from his office to his home.A. crossB. reachC. coverD. gain7. I’d love a new car, but I just can’t ___B_____ it.A. offerB. affordC. spendD. cost8. They ___B_____ the plan to see whether it could really be carried out.A. got overB. talked overC. broke throughD. let out9. After the war, Germany became one of Europe’s most ___A_____ countries.A. prosperousB. swiftC. improvedD. interested10. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t __D______ mean it is of low quality.A. necessarilyB. especiallyC. essentiallyD. practically11. For wildlife enthusiasts the journey is ___C_____ —- the region is known for its sea birds.A. delightedB. pleasedC. worthyD. worthwhile12. We have to get that car fixed __C______.A. no matter it costs how muchB. no matter how much costs itC. no matter how much it costsD. no matter how much does it cost13. He hardly ever leaves the house after ten at night, ___B_____?A. doesn’t heB. does heC. so does heD. nor does he14. In school days I ___A_____ all the way to the school, but would sometimes take the bus when it rained.A. used to walkB. used to walkingC. was used to walkD. would use to walk15. I’ll find the person who did this, __C______ he is!A. anybodyB. someoneC. whoeverD. whomever16. The conflict spread everywhere, into villages, ___A_____ into the cities.A. as wellB. as well asC. in additionD. in addition to17. The driver admitted that not only __C______, but he didn’t have a driving license either.A. was not he insuredB. he was insured notC. was he not insuredD. he was not insured18. It is when you nearly lose someone ___C_____ you become fully conscious of how much you value them.A. asB. soC. thatD. when19. Harry took a taxi to work this morning. He __A______ a taxi if he had not missed the only bus that passes by his office.A. wouldn’t have takenB. wouldn’t takeC. hadn’t takenD. won’t take20. We found ____D____ to talk about that it was late at night when we remembered the time.A. very muchB. such muchC. as muchD. so muchPart III ClozeDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best fits into the passage.There are two ways to relate to people in our lives. One way is to see them as objects: we get something from them, but we are not (1) __C______ with how they feel. They are there only for our use. For example, we might treat (2) ___C_____ an object the person who sells us items in a convenience store or (3) __B______ us in a restaurant or even teaches a class we are taking. The second way we can see people is as subjects, letting ourselves be (4) __B______ that they have feelings (5) ___A_____ we do. There is a story about a British woman who was (6) ___C_____ important guests for tea one afternoon. She looked out from her front porch after lunch and was horrified to see that her gardener had not (7) ____A____ for work. When he finally arrived, she tore into him. “Do you know who is coming here in an hour? I ought to fire you!”Without (8) __B______, the man quietly said, “I’m sorry, my little girl died during the night, and we had to bury her today.” For the first time, the woman saw the man as a human being, not simply as a device for keeping her lawn attractive. He stopped (9) ___D_____ an object and became a subject, a possessor of feelings, needs, pains, and relationships to (10) __A______ she had never given a thought.1. A. considered B. worriedC. concernedD. related2. A. as B. forC. likeD. about3. A. looks after B. waits onC. sees toD. brings about4. A. certain B. awareC. confidentD. positive5. A. such like B. much likeC. such asD. just as6. A. respecting B. expectingC. preparingD. predicting7. A. shown up B. come acrossC. turned overD. hung around8. A. looking out B. looking forC. looking upD. looking on9. A. being B. to beC. beD. having been10. A. those B. themC. thatD. which。
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工商管理专业英语答案【篇一：工商管理专业英语(郑琦,华东师范大学出版社)课后习题及翻译】翻译contingent dynamic conflict compromise interdependent reliancepopularitysufficientinsightsgeneralizememoirsclassic management sciencebehavioralintegrate sole1、the managers described their own experiences and triedto (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations.管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用在类似的情况下。
2、even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs）of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
3、according to the text ,the three well-establishedapproaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (managementscience)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations.根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产和运营的任务。
4、during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management —classical ,behavioral ,and management science .在过去的30年中,人们试图将古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法融合为一个整体。
5、the contingency approach ,stresses that the correctness ofa managerial practice is (contingent) on how it fits the particular situation in which it is applied .权变方法，强调管理实践的正确性取决于它是否适合特定的应用情况。
6、in solving problems ,managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a (dynamic) whole and must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decisions .在使用系统方法解决问题时,管理者必须把组织作为一个动态的整体,必须设法预测影响他们决定的预期因素和意外因素。
7、the age-old confrontation between the production objective of low costs and the marketing objective of a broad product line is a good example of the interrelated nature of management problems .each objectives (conflicts) with the other .在低成本的生产目标与拓宽生产线的营销目标之间由来已久的冲突是一个管理学问题内在联系的好例子。
每个目标之间都存在冲突。
8、the objectives of individual parts must be (compromised) to meet the objectives of the entirefirm .各个部分的目标必须让步于整个公司的目标。
9、the systems approach forces managers to recognize that organizations are systems made up of (interdependent) parts and that a change in one part affects other parts .系统方法将迫使管理者认识到组织由相互依存的部分组成,一个部分的变化会影响其他部分。
10、the contingency approach has grown in (popularity) over the last two decades becauseresearch has found that ,given certain characteristics of a job and certain characteristics of people doing the job ,specific management practices tend to work better than others .在过去的二十年中，权变方法变得越来越普及,因为研究发现,了解一个工作的某些特点和做这项工作的人的某些特征,具体管理实践往往比其他人工作地更好。
11、managers around the globe use more of a contingency approach to survive .sole (reliance) on a classical or behavioral or a management science approach is not(sufficient) for organizations. 经理在全球范围内使用的应急方法才能生存。
仅仅依赖古典的、行为的或者科学的管理方法对于一个组织来说是不够的。
12、both the systems approach and the contingency approach can provide valuable insights and complement the classical ,behavioral ,and management science approaches .系统方法和权变方法可以为古典的、行为的和科学的管理方法提供宝贵的见解和补充。
【篇二：《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总】agement began early in the 20th century when classicaltheorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase theproductivity of individuals and organizations.2. 例如一种管理理论for example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfactionmay be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production.3. 甚至在今天even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from theautobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.4. 尽管这些办法although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas havealways replaced early ones.5. 在过去的30年during the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the threeapproaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science.6. 在这种情况下in this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieveits objective.7. 例如严格的计划for example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tightcontrols have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers.8. 换言之in other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations withdifferent management methods.9. 当然富有远见of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success.10. 通常一份任务a mission statement often focus on the market and customers that thecompany serves.11. 这些管理人员these managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide theorganization toward its goals.12. 与其他人的沟通all the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectivelywith them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills.13. 为了把梦想变成in order to transform vision toreality ,managers must define specific goalsand objectives.14. 最好的企业目标the bestorganizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,a ndtime limited.15. 折扣的发生a allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for somereason.16. 企业在计算these refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computersits net sales figure for the period.17. 一系列这样的a series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling thebusiness.18. 商人们谈及businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking aboutcosts ,prices ,and profit.19. 一份损益表the basic components of an operating statement are sales ,costs ,and profit orloss.20. 零售商们正在寻求retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and holdcustomers.21. 零售商们必须对retailers must decide on three major product variables :productassortment ,services mix ,and store atmosphere.22. 多数零售商不能too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly.23. 零售商的价格a retailer’s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided inrelation to its target market , its product and service assortment ,and its competition24. 零售商使用retailers use the normal promotion tools—advertising ,personal selling ,salespromotion ,and public relations—to reach consumers.25. 零售商必须确定the retailers must determine both the product assortment’s width and itsdepth.26. 制定正确价格the first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals.27. 对于产品和服务the basic ,long-term pricing framework fora good or service should be alogical extension of the pricing objectives.28. 因此，在销售thus ,changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in themarketing mix.29. 低价格可以获取the low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market ,resulting in lower production costs.30. 当生产由于技术managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot beexpanded rapidly because of technologicaldifficulties ,shortages ,or constraints imposed bythe skill and time required to produce a product.31. 低价格可以吸引low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market.32. 广告的基本功能the most basic function of advertising is to identify products anddifferentiate them from others.33. 为了提高销售额to increase their sales or profit,companies develop marketing strategy byusing various marketing elements.34. 广告的另一个功能another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new productsand to suggest reuse.35. 广告涉及到通过advertising involves presenting the message,usually through the massmedia,to a large group of people know as target audience.36. 通过同时向许多人by informing many people at once about available products andservices,advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits,can ease the task of personalselling.37. 广告的定义有许多the definitions of advertising are manyand varied.38. 广告是产品和服务advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter themarket place.39. 市场营销组合是由the marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four ps and theyare under the heading of product,price,place and promotion.1.the three ( t )2.in solving ( f )3.in order words ( t )4.the systems ( t )5.managersaround ( t ) 6.it seeks ( f ) 7.between the ( f ) 8.management is ( t ) 9.to meet ( f )10.in order to ( t )11.as the ( t ) 12.a starting ( f ) 13.technical skills ( f ) 14.and using( f ) 15.an operating ( f ) ually, however ( t ) 17.an allowance ( f ) 18.all this ( t )19.today, national ( t ) 20.they see ( f ) 21.most retailers ( t ) 22.for all ( t ) rgeretailers ( f )24.small retailers ( t ) 25.a good ( t ) 26.a profit ( f )27.theoretically ( t )28. a successful ( f ) 29.as a product ( t ) 30.a company’s ( t )31.advertising is ( t )32.advertising can ( f )33.the first ( t ) 34.the freedom ( t )35.advertising itself ( t )36.all advertising ( f ) 37.all forms of ( t ) 38.advertising has ( f )1. 古典方法classical approach to management2. 管理学行为方法 behavioralapproach to management3. 管理学科学方法 management scienceapproach4. （管理学）权变情境方法 contingency or situational approach to management1. 远见，洞察力 vision2. 任务表述 mission statement3. 长期目标 goal1. 短期目标 objective2. 管理结构 management pyramid3.高层管理者 top managers1. 战略目标strategic goals2. 中层管理着 middle managers3.战术目标 tacticalobjectives1.一线管理者 first-line managers2. 损益表 operating statement1. 销售总额 gross sales2 价格折扣 allowance 3 净利润 net profit1. 目标市场 target market2.市场定位 market positioning1. 中间商品牌 private brand or middleman brand2.价格策略price strategy1. 撇指定价 price skimming2. 渗透定价 penetration pricing1. 基础价格 base price2 促销活动 promotion campaign3.目标受众 target audience1. 促销组合 promotional mix2.品牌忠诚 brand loyalty1.the managers described their ( generalize ) 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验，还尝试去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则。