2019上海高考六选四练习题 (适合中等程度偏上)

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2019上海高考英语六选四试题适合中等程度偏上(19页)

2019上海高考英语六选四试题适合中等程度偏上分题材针对高考中等程度偏上（A）Getting dressed for the officeIt’s clear that business wear has changed in the last few years--for both men and women. Even traditional business such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “smart” to “smart-casual”. ___1___. What is less clear, however, is what “smart-casual” actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are many factors involved: for example, the particular industry you work in, how much contact you have with the public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play--what is acceptable in the summer might not be in the autumn or winter.So, does “smart-casual” mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms andsandal s, or does it just mean that you don’t have to wear a tie? ___2___. Fashionable colors for suits for both men and women this season are still the traditional grey, dark blue and black. You see someone wearing grey and it indicates a conservative, professio nal image; dark blue says you’re trustworthy; and black always looks smart and classy. These colors don’t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.____3__. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers made of wool, or a good pair of chinos. Women can wear trouser suits or skirt suits. You can also wear more fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar attitude to jewelry, bags and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags. ___4___.答案: DFAC（B）If women are mercilessly exploited(利用) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. ___1__ When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. ___2__No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. ___3__There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion，the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, onewonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? ___4__ Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability (稳定)and reliability (可靠)? That is for you to decide.答案:AB, C, A, AC（C）Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.____1____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he es tablished evolved alongside the young nation. ____2____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my pe rsonal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.____3____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Jus t before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader pri nciple. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ____4____ America’s greatest strength is not th e fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.答案: AC, AB, A, C（D）Sex difference in sports interest: What does evolution say?Sports are enormously popular, and one striking pattern is that boys and men are typically much more involved than are girls and women. This sex difference has policy implications, and it raises fundamental questions about the nature of sex differences. A recent review article by Deaner, Balish, and Lombardo (2016), published in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, analyzes the relevant theoretical work.First, the authors demonstrated that females' under-representation in sport--both as participants and spectators--generally reflects their lesser sports interest, not merely fewer opportunities for involvement. Moreover, this sex difference occurs in all societies described thus far, from hunters and gatherers to large contemporary societies. _____1_____.Next, the authors explored adaptive, functional hypotheses（猜想）for sports. One hypothesis holds that individuals compete in sports to gain status and that non-participants monitor sports performances so they can evaluate potential competitors and allies（同盟）. _____2_____. Another hypothesis is that sports serve as courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explains some aspects of females' sports interest._____3_____. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, several studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to males' greater sports interest.The points from this review are that the sex difference in sports interest is widespread, partly due to evolutionary pressures that differentially affected males and females, and unlikely to be fully overturned by socialization. _____4_____. Most notably, Title IX is a U.S. law that prohibits sexual discrimination in educational opportunities, including sports, and Title IX is generally implemented under the assumption that females' sports interest is inherently equal to that of males. The present research indicates that this implementation may require revision.答案: DACE（A）In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. ____1____Two different university laboratories have developed test that will reveal the entirety of a baby’s genetic code using just a blood sample f rom the mother plus a drop of saliva(唾液)from the father.Prenatal(出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使……相形见的) the relative trickle(零散)of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.____2____Without careful panning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood---whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation(突变)predicts the inevitability of Huntington’s disease 20 years hence._____3_____. Similar laissez0faire(放住)action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend(预示)tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls onthe medical community to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. ___4___Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our offspring’s genetic code will continue to re main an unnerving cipher---or worse.答案: B AC C A（B）Wearable technology is nothing new - activity trackers and smart watches are now as ubiquitous as trainers and glasses. ____1_____ In the not too distant future, it's highly likely that our clothes will be almost as smart as our phones.Given we’ve survived just fine for millennia with the clothes we have now , you might wondering what the point of connected clothing would be. Well, imagine if when you put a jacket in the washing machine, a chip in the jacket automatically puts the machine on the right laundry setting, making life just that little biteasier. _____2______For instance, how it was designed, its sustainability and even a playlist made by the brand.Whilst none of these functions are things we need, the hope is that they'll enhance our clothing and the experience that goes with wearing it. _____3____One company leading the way is clothing care label manufacturer Avery Dennison, who have teamed up with fashion label Rochambeau and Everything to create a bomber jacket with a personalized QR code. The code in the chip then gives the wearer a number of perks such as entry to exclusive clubs, special menus at certain restaurants and a ticket to Rochambeau's next runway show.But internet-connected clothing isn't the only way fashion is combining with technology - programmatic commerce, a concept developed by global ecommerce consultancy Salmon, is set to change the way we buy clothes.______4_____ For example, before you've even realized you've run out of tights, your favorite online retailer has automatically re-ordered some new ones for you based on your repurchasing patterns and an estimation of the average life cycle of your tights.So with connected clothing and homes, it may soon be that when it comes to fashion, we barely have to think about anything at all.答案:E AFC（A）The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 _ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we al l jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200, 000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. It all depends on your character.No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 3 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.4 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.答案:AB,B,D,AC（B）Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? ____1____Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. ____2____ It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “____3____”More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “____4____” Lyons said.Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.答案: C D E A（C）Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ______1_________For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortun ately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ________2_________Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. _____3_____ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. _______4_______ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social rolemattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity ---- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for t heir contribution can help strengthen role identity.”答案:FBEC（D）Exoplanets :The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar systems. The existence of extrasolarplanets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___1__ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___2__ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperature of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientist have confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth- circling and sun- circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly ____3__. For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit （凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets in this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. __4___. Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!答案: EBAC（A）In the 19 century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn't find work in cities like New York._67_ The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the native Americans(American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the "Indians" killing many white people._68_ In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers._69_ many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. Many parents also had to carry their small children. The people were very poor andmany did not even have shoes— they walked the whole trail bare foot, in extremely cold temperature.More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail.A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean._70_Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.Keys: 67~70 D AC AB B。

上海市各区2019年高三英语二模汇编最新最全----六选四--老师版(带答案已经校对)终结

Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scr ubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house. 68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.Keys:67-70: E D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.____67_______For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" anautonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disrupting their calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. ____68________ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle's ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans."There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often,"______69__________But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive.AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glass cleaner for manual cleanings.____70_______This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning.But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.Keys:67-70 EFBDSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground – and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games. 70 ___ This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Keys:67-70 BEACSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67 With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68 These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society.69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visualarts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品). 70 .The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67—70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve the ir problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discu ssing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________Keys:67-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour toeat-and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into "days" lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too. 69 .The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 . Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warming light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.Keys:67-70 EBDFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 .This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to seewhether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.KEYS:67-70 CDAFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 67 In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to prefer clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentation sounds cruel, They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages(孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage, 68 Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ’90s. A ban on abortion led to a surge in orphanage babies, simply being fed andchanged without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. 69 Their head sizes were especially small. they even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has detrimental consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects that vary by sex. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. the Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending, It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity. They reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult health. 70 . Remove it and the harm is great.Keys:67-70 EBFDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers, yo u’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says._ _ 67 Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for they study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “ 68 Individuals who feel older could be targeted with health message promoting positive health behaviors and attitud es toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are. 69 One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. 70 .Keys:67-70 BDEASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______ Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____.Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”Keys:66-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____.This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an onlinesurvey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.Keys:67--70: CBAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths.____67____ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. ____68_____ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. ____69____ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed politicaland religious themes, other works served only as pleasant décor(装饰品). ____70_____.The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67-70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world-sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. 67 .Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.68 It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from ruralareas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. ___ 69_ ___ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Jumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “_______70 ” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.Keys:67-70 FBDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditiona measures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in。

上海市2019年高考英语冲刺专题（六）六选四（含答案）

上海市2019年高考冲刺专题（六）-----六选四（听说测试：人机对话）口试20分，折合10分计入总分1401，听力25分（原来30分）——短对话10分，短文2篇+长对话1篇1.5*10=15分2，语法和词汇20分——语法一篇10分，词汇11选10,10分3，阅读45分——完形填空1篇15分，阅读3篇11*2=22分，六选四4*2=8分4，概括写作10分5，翻译15分——共4句，3+3+4+56，写作25分阅读中的六选四和4概括写作是全新题型。

文章篇幅较短,一般在350词左右，所给出的被选项要多于题目个数,该部分的正文一般都有很清楚的思路或者论据,考查的是一种逻辑关系.阅读本身考查的就是对文章的理解掌控能力，所以不论题目以什么形式出现，都是考查多文章的理解和大意的把握，六选四的出现说明题目从传统的单项选择上转移到一个更深的层次上，即对句子和语篇的理解，在做这种题目时，应该注意以下四点: 1把握文章主题句和结尾句2特别注意句句之间、段段之间的连接词3答案模糊时，联系上下文，排除干扰项4检查时，代入选项看是否通顺1.先读题目要求的第一句,初步了解主题.2.利用语法知识确定句子缺失成分3.重点阅读空格前后的句子利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格.4.认真阅读选项,并找出关键词与空格进行搭配.人们讲话或写文章时，常常要把前后讲的或写的内容加以联系。

联系的方式有几类，它们为语言的应用提供粘合(cohesion)。

取得粘合最常用的方式是返指(referring back)已经提及的事项。

取得粘合的另一方式就是预指(referring forward)将要说及的事项。

文章中常见的指代方法：返指方法一：使用名词词组返指前文中的具体名词，避免重复，并从意思上进行具体解释。

返指方法二：在名词（或名词词组）前使用the这一特指限定词，返指前文中提到的名词或词组。

返指方法三：使用副词来指代前文中提到或讨论到的时间。

2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练：短文填空与六选四专项提升训练(上海卷适用)

2019届高考英语一轮复习专项提升训练短文填空与六选四专项提升训练（上海卷适用）No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ①__________ This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.②__________On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational c hoice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ③__________Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.④__________After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortablyuntil someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.2.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Make traditional treasures come aliveThe Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Bei jing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions.①__________ On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure(基础设施), restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and pro moting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “②__________” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”③__________Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restorationhospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. ④__________”3.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ①__________Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.②__________If, as a child, you observed people wh ose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ③__________Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.④__________The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”4.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Feel Young at Heart and You’ll Enjoy a Longer LifeAge-liars and birthday-deniers... you’d best learn a thing or two from those who are young at heart. People who feel younger than their actual age may live longer than those who feel older than they truly are, a new study says.①__________Results from the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, suggest that people who feel a year or more older than they truly are could have around 41 percent greater risk for death.Researchers looked at nearly 6,500 older adults, with an average age of 65.8 for the study. Around 70 percent of them felt younger than they were, about a quarter felt their precise age and just under 5 percent felt a year or more older than they were, when asked “How old do you feel you are?”Those who felt older than they were had a higher death rate after a follow-up period of 99 months. While just 14.3 and 18.5 percent of people who felt younger or felt their age, respectively, died during those 99 months, 24.6 percent of those who felt aged beyond their years had died.The authors say more research is needed on the topic, but suggest it could be that those who feel “young at heart” have healthier behaviors and a stronger will to live. “②__________Individuals who feel o lder could be targeted with health messages promoting positive health behaviors and attitudes toward aging,” the authors write in the study.The good news is that you can change your feeling of how young you are.③__________One recent study found that helping participants have positive feelings toward age, by showing them positive word associations, helped older adults improve in physical tasks like balancing and getting up out of a chair, in as little as four weeks. Another study found that negative feeling of aging and poor memory can make older adults feel up to five years older, regardless of their actual mental abilities.There you have it. ④__________5.Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. ①__________Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather than distress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.②__________When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. ③__________I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.④__________Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Have a tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.6.Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup OpenClassrooms is offering the first State-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs (massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning pants in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.①__________IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCs for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes.As always,it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC.②__________.This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible.So with these new MOOC students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.③__________The startup already offers a course for £20 per month, but you need to pay £300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. It's unclear how much OpenClassrooms will keep, but it should be more than £20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay £6,950 per year.④__________Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for OpenClassrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this Kind of degree as well.7Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In his new book Watling Street, John Higgs explores one o fBritain’s oldest roads — and how it inspired countless stories, from the Canterbury Tales to Great Expectations to Star Wars.Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, written in the late 14th Century, tells th e story of a group of medieval pilgrims travelling from London to Canterbury. Six hundred years later, the Star Wars movies were filmed on the sameroad.①.We now think of Watling Street as the A2 and the A5 motorways, which run acrossBritainfrom Anglesey in north-west Wales to Dover in south-east Englandin a way that joins two opposite sides at an angle. But the road has existed throughout all of British history. ②. It has been a Neolithic (新石器时代的)pathway, a Roman road, one of the four medieval (中世纪的)royal highways, a main road in the age of coach travel and a road today usually with traffic jams.It is a place that reflects its own history, always beingrewritten.③. James Bond drives along the road in Ian Fleming’s novel Moonraker. Doctor Who appears suddenly at different points along it in different historical eras. It is part of Robin Hood’s plans in the medieval narrative poem A Little Geste of Robin Hood and his Meiny. Miss Havisham’s decaying Gothic house in Charles Di ckens’ Great Expectations is based on Restoration House in Rochester, which stands just yards from Watling Street. In the 12th-Century Histories of the Kings of Britain, Geoffrey of Monmouth tells how a young Merlin released the dragons that caused King Vo rtigem’s tower to fall. This was at Dinas Emrys in Snowdonia, on the route of the original, pre-Roman road throughWales.For many years it was believed that William Shakespeare wrote a play called The Widow of Watling Street', it was included in early collections of his work. It is now thought that the real author of that play was ThomasMiddleton.④.Before the Romans bridged the Thames, the original route of Watling Street crossed the river where Westminster Palace now stands. The route would ha ve run close to where Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre in Southwark later stood.8Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.C. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences are most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer.①For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future.②Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.③The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. ④Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to definite advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.二、短文填空9Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures(钉合或缝合).It’s called MeTro. It was deve loped by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical①. The glue is made from a modified(改良的)human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural②and relaxing of the or gan or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds③with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that ④too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The⑤applications are powerful – from treating serious ⑥wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural ⑦to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are ⑧to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly ⑨. If the MeTro can be further developed into a ⑩product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.10Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facialexpression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent onemotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ①is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ②used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that wideningtheir eyes invites③andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be④that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result o f dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ⑤did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogsare⑥to humans’ attention and thatexpressions are⑦active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” Theresearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were ⑧throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they⑨facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possibl e that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were⑩.“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid.11The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial ①helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional②, whether through a(n) ③blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to ④worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) ⑤outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, ⑥tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to⑦the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although facesare⑧to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record,⑨and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vas t⑩promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.12William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n)①house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ②in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful busi ness dealings have been ③by people’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortabl e to even ④that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather grippedEngland. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ⑤severe lack of food. Referred to as the ‘Little Ice Age’, the period was the time when thousands of people ⑥for survival. At that time, Shakespeare was under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ⑦.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self-hatred, who is eventually⑧for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the⑨pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s ⑩funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.13World’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named “the world’s best restaurant” by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the reviewwebsite①the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its②Travelers' Choice awards.So what’s it got going for it?Firstly, this isn’t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n)③young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in④for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining ⑤.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable ⑥, offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly⑦location. It's usually booked up well in advance with⑧coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids.Another⑨two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York—⑩the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.14 Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to①the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary②.More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is ③design.Post-Modernist designers began to ④with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen ⑤such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is⑥. For example, think of a(n) ⑦desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to ⑧light。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编：六选四

2019届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be答案：67-70 EBDFLife on a ShipWe three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway (舷梯) of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone.(67) _____________________ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, “One thing about having no hair at all on your head, you always look neat!”Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph’s, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. (68) _____________________ “Boys to the right and girls to the left,” said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. “Why are you wearing that?” Claudine protested. “Our ship hasn’t even sailed yet!” “In case the China Star starts going down. Then you’ll really be sorry you’re not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!” (69) _____________________ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.Claudine became alarmed. “Mama, how often does a ship sink?” she asked. Before Aunt Rei ne had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, “Only once!” Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. (70) ____________________ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.答案：67-70 BECDMany people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What man y people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. (67) __________________________________Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars. (68) ______________________________ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. (69) ________________________________Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed."In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it's quite urgent as well," said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. (70) _______________________________ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers."The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments," he says.Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something that’s not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder (NDD) has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. __________67_________Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spend most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. __________68_________ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being glued to a smartphone. What’s more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system.According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. __________69_________ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, and doing other activities, Louv said. He added that children learn many important and practical skills while interacting with nature, like risk-taking, independence, and decision-making. __________70__________5Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. 67 Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.68 Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. 69 So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. 70 To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.Spacewalk!Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EV A) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.67 In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. 68 Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EV As. 69 On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walk ing. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles(颗粒)left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon. 70 When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! 67Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam.68Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well.Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?69 If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. 70 If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!答案：67-70 FBADCan just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 67 . Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup?Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You couldpick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months. 68 .Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.69 . By letting them "borrow"your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included.You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!70 . Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.答案：67-70 BDCFVenice CarnivalThe annual V enice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers (狂欢者) gathering the city's canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. (67) ______The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries, such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve as a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivations of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.(68) ______ The theme of Carnival 2019 is “Tutta colpa della Luna,”or “Blame the moon,” marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’ Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. (69)______ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they've always dreamed of wearing. It doesn't have to be Venetian. (70) ______ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who--or what--they want to be. Perhaps a different gender-- or even species. That's the joy of the mask--nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival.答案：67-70 BACEMeal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is aproblemHome delivery meal kits can slash(大幅削减) food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentallyfriendly._______67________ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if you have meals that are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy and you have less food waste. Y ou fine-tune the portions to what people will actuallyeat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane(甲烷) thatcontributes to climate change. _______68________ A 2018 report from the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soar by a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1bntonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewer trips tothesupermarket. If people only went to buy goods that are unlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have to visit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truck can carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. _______69________ The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. _______70________ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get somebenefits.答案：67-70 EFCBRecently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a jaguar (美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She’s fine—so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year, a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ______67_______ Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It’s common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It’s why zoos have barriers —sometimes multiple walls — to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage.“Y et animals have become less real to us,” says an environmentalist.W e see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ______68_______ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like “Lion Whisperer” Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the messag e that these animals aren’t so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Y our self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ______69_______People’s care less approach can put the animal’s safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space.In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ______70_______ With the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.答案：67-70 EACFA problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. __67__The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. __68__ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. __69__ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.__70__ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.答案：67-70 DFACIf you shower before bed, you’ve probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you’ve heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin.What’s the truth? Let’s address the “it can make you sick” myth first. “(67)______” says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaff ner says it was long ago disproved. It’s true that you’re much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.(68)______Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds (哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms.(69)______ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don’t—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. “Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet,” says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), “(70)______”It’s also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.答案：67-70 FEACThe North StarAmong the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. (67) __________. Therefore, it is a great compass（指南针）.When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude（纬度）. As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. (68) _____________To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.(69)_____________.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidentalwrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.(70)___________. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.答案：67-70 FCDADecades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored(指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _______67_______ We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._______68_______ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _______69_______By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _______70_______ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles — including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death — police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.答案：67-70 FBEA。

上海高考专题训练-上海复旦附中专项训练-六选四强化篇-1

Passage1UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than5,500years ago.1_.In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages.It was not until the20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history---a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.2_.The process of urbanization---the migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the city---was the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In1990,fewer than40%of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over82%of Americans live in cities.Only about2%live on farms.The rest live in small towns.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies.It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities._3.Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.4_.Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.C.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.D.But even200years ago,only a few people could live in cities.E.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.F.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.参考答案：DC AE解析：首先对这六个选项进行分析，查找相应的关键词A.That kept cities very small.B.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.C.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.D.But even200years ago,only a few people could live in cities.E.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.F.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.1，前一段讲解了城市的早期起源，最后一句“第一座城市在5,500年之前发现的，”横线后一句用“事实上，几乎每个人都住在农场里或者小的乡村”链接，所以表示转折链接，所以选D（语义层次——转折关系）2，前一句表示“英国仅仅是个开始”，后句“城市化过程是现代化的结果”。

2019上海高考英语一模六选四汇编含答案word文档

上海高考英语题型训练: 六选四2019年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.________69________ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change________70________. If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well. 67-70 DCEBIf you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired._______67________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using creditresponsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise.More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overallfinancial health. He writes:"________68________"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score,including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent).________69________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while.But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit historytremendously.________70________That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money. 67-70 FCDAB.C.E.The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.________67________Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,”he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”________68________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system —or even cancer.________69________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.________70________ It is the release of chemical vapors, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days. 67-70 EDACB.C.E.of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be.Without patience, life is extremelyfrustrating.________67________Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.________68________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment,being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.________69________They are theperiods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and thecurriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience —you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You’ll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.________70________ 67-70 BDAEMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind(旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendships, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being.________67________Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________68________Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and distress. ________69_________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a littlecalmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________70________ By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels--you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you. 67-70 DEACThe human face is a remarkable piece ofwork.________67________ So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.________68________In America facial recognition is used bychurches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhansive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.________69________Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.________70________Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional. 67-70 FDAEwhile most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.________67________However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.________68________The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert.________69________Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."________70________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison. 67-70 EADBUnit 8 金山区Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019.________67________Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. ________68________The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened. And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.________69________ To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and evengold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way tomotivate the public and get them into the theater.________70________There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.67-70 EBFDpain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level ofself-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response. ________67________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters(龙虾) feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar tovertebrates(脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations.________68________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. ________69_______To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn’t a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes(电击) alobster.________70________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts. 67-70 EADBworthwhile and ready to learn from the bestexperiences.________67________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.________68________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have alreadyachieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. Thereis no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destinyis different from anyone else’s out there in the world.________69________You don’t have to live your life in a way society wants you to. ______70_______ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right. 67-70 DAFCUnit 11, 浦东新区stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ----- and we still have the numbers... by a lot. ________67________ ”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”“Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).________68________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are bothsurprising---and not. If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ________69________We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care. along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.________70________ And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place-be a good teacher. 67-70 CADFWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. Itis almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the restof the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which manis losing.________67________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentiallyfatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ________68________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, whenthey are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.________69________ It's all for his own convenience. Due toa serious tragedy,the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makesthe town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strictand even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you makea joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial effect on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers.________70________ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in theloss of life every year, they should certainly not be consideredserious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars. 67-70 BDCEThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________67________ They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.________68________________69________ They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as thefinancial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special task forces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer-turned-construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries.________70________ But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers. 67-70 CAFDRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. They visited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. ________67________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “________68________ ”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,”Patrick said. “________69________” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“________70________ ” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.” 67-70 BDFEmaster.________67________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time.________68________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? ________69________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). ________70________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion shouldre-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece. 67=70 CFDBWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000participants.________67________The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us moreinterdependent."________68________ Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.________69________ The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.________70________ As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--六选四(解析版)

2019届高三英语二模汇编——六选四1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.D.This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, inexchange for developer-funded cleanup.E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?We’ve written about what we call the “parks, cafes and a riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67 Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. 69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.答案：67-70 EBDF难度：偏难本文为说明文。

2019上海高考六选四练习题 (适合中等程度偏上)

六选四（分题材）针对高考中等程度偏上（A）Getting dressed for the officeIt’s clear that business wear has changed in the last few years--for both men and women. Even traditional business such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “smart” to “smart-casual”. ___1___. What is less clear, however, is what “smart-cas ual” actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are many factors involved: for example, the particular industry you work in, how much contact you have with the public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play--what is acceptable in the summer might not be in the autumn or winter.So, does “smart-casual” mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms and sandals, or does it just mean that you don’t have to wear a tie? ___2___. Fashionable colors for suits for both men and women this season are still the traditional grey, dark blue and black. You see someone wearing grey and it indicates a conservative, professional image; dark blue says you’re trustworthy; and black always looks smart and classy. These colors don’t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.____3__. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers made of wool, or a good pair of chinos. Women can wear trouser suits or skirt suits.You can also wear more fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar attitude to jewelry, bags and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags. ___4___.答案: DFAC（B）If women are mercilessly exploited(利用) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. ___1__ When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. ___2__No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes any thing really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability.___3__There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion，the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? ___4__ Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability (稳定)and reliability (可靠)? That is for you to decide.答案:AB, C, A, AC（C）Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.____1____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the t radition he established evolved alongside the youngnation. ____2____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation ofAfrican-American students.____3____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the richpeople to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoralcapitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems thatmake philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even ifour capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring thatthe system works more equally and more justly for more people. ____4____ America’s greateststrength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.答案: AC, AB, A, C（D）Sex difference in sports interest: What does evolution say?Sports are enormously popular, and one striking pattern is that boys and men are typicallymuch more involved than are girls and women. This sex difference has policy implications, andit raises fundamental questions about the nature of sex differences. A recent review articleby Deaner, Balish, and Lombardo (2016), published in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences , analyzes the relevant theoretical work.First, the authors demonstrated that females' under-representation in sport--both as participants and spectators--generally reflects their lesser sports interest, not merely fewer opportunities for involvement. Moreover, this sex difference occurs in all societies described thus far, from hunters and gatherers to large contemporary societies. _____1_____.Next, the authors explored adaptive, functionalhypotheses （猜想）for sports. Onehypothesis holds that individuals compete in sports to gain status and that non-participants monitor sports performances so they can evaluate potential competitors and allies （同盟）. _____2_____. Another hypothesis is that sports serve as courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explains some aspects of females' sports interest._____3_____. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, several studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to males' greater sports interest.The points from this review are that the sex difference in sports interest is widespread, partly due to evolutionary pressures that differentially affected males and females, and unlikely to be fully overturned by socialization. _____4_____. Most notably, Title IX is a U.S. law that prohibits sexual discrimination in educational opportunities, including sports, and Title IX is generally implemented under the assumption that females' sports interest is inherently equal to that of males. The present research indicates that this implementation may require revision. 答案: DACE（A ）In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. ____1____Two different university laboratories have developed test that will reveal the entirety of a baby’s gen etic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva(唾液)from the father.Prenatal(出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使……相形见的) the relative trickle(零散)of information provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.____2____Without careful panning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions best left until adulthood---whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation(突变)predicts the inevi tability of Huntington’s disease 20 years hence._____3_____. Similar laissez0faire(放住)action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend(预示)tragedy.Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing. Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to develop a guide to the most relevant genomic data for future parents. ___4___Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the secrets of our offspri ng’s genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher---or worse.答案: B AC C A（B）Wearable technology is nothing new - activity trackers and smart watches are now as ubiquitous as trainers and glasses.____1_____ In the not too distant future, it's highly likely that our clothes will be almost as smart as our phones.Given we’ve survived just fine for millennia with the clothes we have now , you might wondering what the point of connected clothing would be. Well, imagine if when you put a jacket in the washing machine, a chip in the jacket automatically puts the machine on the right laundry setting, making life just that little bit easier. _____2______For instance, how it was designed, its sustainability and even a playlist made by the brand.Whilst none of these functions are things we need, the hope is that they'll enhance our clothing and the experience that goes with wearing it. _____3____One company leading the way is clothing care label manufacturer Avery Dennison, who have teamed up with fashion label Rochambeau and Everything to create a bomber jacket with a personalized QR code. The code in the chip then gives the wearer a number of perks such as entry to exclusive clubs, special menus at certain restaurants and a ticket to Rochambeau's next runway show.But internet-connected clothing isn't the only way fashion is combining with technology - programmatic commerce, a concept developed by global ecommerce consultancy Salmon, is set to change the way we buy clothes.______4_____ For example, before you've even realized you've run out of tights, your favorite online retailer has automatically re-ordered some new ones for you based on your repurchasing patterns and an estimation of the average life cycle of your tights.So with connected clothing and homes, it may soon be that when it comes to fashion, we barely have to think about anything at all.答案:E AFC（A）The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 _ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200, 000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. It all depends on your character.No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 3 To help you do that, your brainincreases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.4 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.答案:AB,B,D,AC（B）Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? ____1____Scientists came to this conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown. ____2____ It was like the pain they would feel, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are reall y thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “____3____”More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “____4____” Lyons said.Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.答案: C D E A（C）Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s acti vities. To do so, it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. ______1_________For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor (e.g. “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future. ________2_________Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. _____3_____ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training metho ds that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which p eople view “volunteer” as an important social role. _______4_______ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continu ed efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity ---- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”答案:FBEC（D）Exoplanets :The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar systems. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___1__ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___2__ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperature of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientist have confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth- circling and sun- circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly ____3__. For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit （凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets in this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. __4___. Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves,who knows what else we may find!答案: EBAC（A）In the 19 century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn't find work in cities like New York._67_ The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the native Americans(American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the "Indians" killing many white people._68_ In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers._69_ many of them walked 3200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail. They had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. Many parents also had to carry their small children. The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes—they walked the whole trail bare foot, in extremely cold temperature.More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean._70_Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.Keys: 67~70 D AC AB B。

2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind (旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendship, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67) ________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for Some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68) _________ Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69) ________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? (70) ________By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels –you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face The human face is a remarkable piece of work. (67)________. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.(68)_________. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. (69)________. Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.(70)________. Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing---and we still have the numbers... by a lot.(67)_________”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”Brice-Hyde said, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).(68)_________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising—and not. If you’ve been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren’t all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work “always” or “often” stressful;27 percent of educators said they’ve been threatened, bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we’re seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn’t seem to come easily for p eople, and this is definitely true for teachers. (69)________ We think it’s time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, We are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health. Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care, along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.(70)_________ And it’s pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place—be a good teacher.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired.(67)________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes: “(68)________”FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). (69)________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. (70)________ That’s b lackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly establ ished financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) ________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) _________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctl y composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) _________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. (67)_________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.(68)________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what you want to do. Look at other unsuccessful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them. They took time to learn and mastered their craft like no one else. There is no elevator to success; you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different than anyone else’s out there in the world. (69)_________.You don’t have to live your lif e in a way society wants you to. (70)________ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children haveselected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. (67)________ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.(68)________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.(69)________ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death”but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.(70)________.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit the 1980s, scientists were trained to ignore animal pain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level of self-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(击掌) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response, (67)________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters （龙虾）feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations. (68)________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. (69)_________ To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes( 点击) a lobster. (70)_________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.C. This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off-gassing.D. Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough, and the danger of exposure is scarier still.E. The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction.F. Fortunately, high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture.Is New-car Smell Bad for Your Health?The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.(67)_______ Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”(68)________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer. (69)________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.(70)________ It is the release of chemical vapours, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Traffic Regulation and Accident PreventionWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. (67)_________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. (68)________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.(69)________ It’s all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. (70)_______ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. (67) Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. (68) The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened.And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.(69) To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.(70) There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Travel the World by BikeRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. Theyvisited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. (67)________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “(68)________”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that ma ny backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,” Patrick said. “(69)_______” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“(70)________” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Building a lasting social relationshipWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000 participants.(67)________.The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “(68)________. Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.(69)________. The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.(70)_________. As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel depressed. But "we-talk" can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.So next time you are talking to a friend, try using more "we-talk". You may find yourself feeling more positive--and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Help Migrant WorkersThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he c an think of. (67)________. They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible。

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