Transverse thickness difference control technology for non-oriented silicon steel
词根-快乐12-动作词根19：旋转,波动,重复性动作
词根-快乐12-动作词根19：旋转,波动,重复性动作旋转，波动，重复、扭曲性动作1.vol volv volt=roll，turn，表示“卷，转”volubility n 流畅；健谈（vol+udility 能…性质→[舌头]能转动→健谈）voluble a 流畅的；滔滔不绝的voluminous a 多卷的，多产的（volum 卷+inous 多…的→多卷本的）convolve v 盘旋，缠绕（con 一起+volv+e→一起转→缠绕）convolution 回旋，盘旋，卷绕evolve 进化evolutionism n 进化论（evolution 进化+ism）involve v 卷入，连累（in 进入+volv+e→转进去→卷入）involution 卷入，纠缠，错综复杂的事物，（数学）乘方revolve v 旋转；循环（re 再+volv+e→再转一次→旋转）revolution n 革命，变革（re 翻+olut+ion→翻转→革命）revolver n 左轮手枪（re+volv+er→子弹旋转打出）revolt n 叛变，起义（re 反+volt 转→转反了→叛变）archivoit n 拱门装饰(areh 弧行+I+volt_转成弧形拱门装饰)2. Rot= wheel, 表示“轮子，转”rotatory a 旋转的；轮流的（rotate+ory)rotor n 旋转体（not+or)rotund a 圆形的；圆胖的（rot 转→圆+und→圆的，胖的）rotundity n 圆形；圆胖（rotund+ity)、3．tour， torn， tourn =turn，表示“转，环绕”tour v n.旅游（转着玩）contour n 轮廊（con 全部+tour→全部转一圈→轮廊）detour n 迂路；曲折（de 加强动作+tour→转着走→语汇的路）tournament n 锦标赛（tourn 转+a+ment→转着轮流比赛，锦标赛）tornado n 龙卷风（torn+ado→转着的风→龙卷风）attorney n 律师（at+torn+er→玩的转的人→律师）tourniquet n 止血绷带（止血绷带紧紧环绕肢体）4.ver，vert=turn，表示“转”verse n 诗歌，韵文（转着反复说的话→诗歌）versed a 熟练的（会写诗歌，表示对语言运用的熟练）version n 翻译；译文（vers+ion→从原文转出来→译文）versatile a 多功能的；多才的（玩的转→有才能的）versatility n 多才多艺vertical a 垂直（vert+ical[下垂的东西]）avert v 避开，防止，转移（a 离开+vert→转开→避开）convert v 转化；改造（con 共同+vert→共同转→转化）conversion n 转化；（宗教的）改变incconvertible a 不能转化的（in 不+convert 转化+ible）unconverted a 不变的，不悔改的（un 不+convert 转化+ed）controvert v 反驳；攻击（contro 相反+vert→相反转→反驳）controversy n 争论；议论incontrovertible a 不容争论的（in 不+controvervtt反驳+ible→不容反驳的）divert v 转向；消遣（di 偏离+vert 转偏离→转向）diversion n 转向；娱乐extrovert 性格外向的人invert v 翻过来，倒转（in 进+vert→转进去→倒转→倒置）inversion 倒置，倒装，转化inverted 倒序的，颠倒的，转化了的introvert v向内翻，使内向，n 内翻的东西，内向的人pervert v 颠倒；曲解（per 全部+vert→全部转→颠倒）perversion 歪曲，曲解，变坏，变态revert v 恢复原状(re 回+ert→转回来→恢复）reversion n 恢复原状averse a 反感的（a 坏+vers+e→往坏转→反感的）aversion n反感，厌恶，讨厌的人，背离，转变方向adverse a 逆反；不辛adversity 逆境，难处adversary n 敌手，对手（ad+ers 逆反+ary 人→逆反之人→对手）converse v 谈话，交际（con 共同+vers+e→[两个齿轮对着]一起转→相反）conversant a 亲近的（con 共同+vers+ant→在一起转的→亲近的）diverse a 不同的（di 分开+vers+e→转开了→不同的）diversity 多样性inverse a 翻转的（in 进+vers+e→转进去→翻转的）perverse a 性情乖张的（per 全部+vers+e→和大家[反着]转→乖张的）perversity n 性情乖张的reverse v 颠倒，逆转a.相反的（re 反+verse→反着转→颠倒irreversible a 不能改变的（ir 不+re+vers+ible→不能颠倒的）transverse a 横向，横断，横切的，n 横向物，横轴，横切面transversal a 横断的（taans 横+vers+al→横着转→横断的）universe n 宇宙（uni 一个+vers+e→统一旋转→宇宙）advertise v 做广告（at 一再+vert+ise→转来转去做广告）malversation n 贪污；渎职（mal 坏vers+ation→转坏了→做官做坏→贪污）vertigo n 眩晕（vert+igo→go around 转着走→眩晕）5.flu=flow,表示“流动”fluidity n 流动性（fluid+ity)flush v 奔流，冲洗（flu+sh 表动词→流动→冲洗→；参考：dash 猛冲）flux n 流动；变迁（flu+x；注意：flex 弯曲，flax 亚麻）influx n 涌入；汇集（in 进入＋flux→注入→涌入）fluent 流利的，流畅的fluency n 流利，流畅(flu+ency→流的状态）affluent a 流入的；富裕的（af 一再+flu+ent →一再流入→富裕的）affluence n 富裕；财富（af+flu+ence)confluent a 汇流的，合流的（con 共同+flu+ent →流到一起→汇流的）confluence n 汇流（con+flu+ence)effluent a 流出的n. 流出物（ef 出+flu+ent →流出物）effluence n 流出（ef+flu+ence)influent a 流入的,n支流influence n 影响（in 进入+flu+ence→流入→影响）influenze n 流行感冒（in 进入+flu+enze 病→流行病→感冒）refluent a 倒流的（re 回＋flu+ent _→流回去）refluence 回流，逆流，退潮superfluous a 过剩的，多余的（super 超过＋flu+ous→超过了还流→过剩的）superfluity n 过剩，太多（super+flu+ity) mellifluous a 流畅的；甜美的（melli 甜＋flu＋→声音甜美流出）effluvial a 恶臭的（ef 出+fluv [=flu]指流出不好的东西+ial→流污水→恶臭的）effluvium n 恶臭，臭气（ef+fluv+ium)6. und = wave，表示“波动”abund v 丰富，充满（ab+cund[=und]参考；abundant）abundance n 丰富，富裕abundant a 丰富的（ab 加强+und+ant→[多得]象波浪一样→丰富的）redundant a 多余的（red 反复+und+ant→反复波动→多余的）fecundity n 多产，富饶（fec 做+und+ity→出产的[粮食]像波浪→富饶）redound v 回流；起作用（red回+ound[=und]→波动回来→回流；产生影响）undulate v 波动（und+ulate 表动作+波动）inundate v 泛滥，淹没（in 进入+und+ate→进入波浪→淹没）7.plex= fold,表示“重叠”plexus n （神经等）丛，网（plex+us)complex a 复杂的（com 共同+plex→全部重叠→复杂的）complexity n 复杂性（complex+ity)complexion n 面色，表情（com全部+plex+ion→全部表情重叠于面部→面色）duplex a 二重的，双倍的（du 二+plex→二次重叠→二重的）perplex v 使复杂，迷惑（ per 从头到尾+plex→始终重叠→迷惑）perplexed a 迷惑的（perplex+ed）8.plic, pli, ply= fold ,表示“重叠，折叠”ply n （绳子等）股v. 来回做（重复做）pliable a 易弯的；柔顺的（pli+able→易折叠的）plywood n 胶合板（ply+wood 木材→木材重叠→胶合板）apply v 申请，应用（ap+ply→反复做→申请[做事]）application 申请comply v 同意，答应（com 共同+ply→[观点]共同叠在一起→同意）complicate v 弄复杂（com 全部+plic+ate→全部重叠起来→弄复杂）complication n 混乱，复杂（complicate+ion)imply v 暗示，意味（im 进入+ply→重叠表达→暗示implicate v 牵连；含蓄表达（im 进+plic+ate→[说话]进入重叠→含蓄表达）implication n 连累；含蓄（implicate+ion)implicit a 含蓄的（im 进+plic+it→重叠表达→含蓄的）explicate v 解释，阐明（ex 出+plic+ate→把重叠的东西弄出来→解释）explicable a 可以解释的（ex 出+plic+able)explicit a 明白的，直爽的（ex 出+plic+it→[说话]不重叠的→直截了当的）reply v 回答（re 反+ply→叠回去→回答）replicate v 复制（re 重新+plic+ate→再重叠[一份]→复制）replication 重复，折叠，回答，反响replica n 复制品（re+plic+a 表名词）supply v 供应，补给（sup 在下面+ply→重叠下去→供应[下去]）supplicant n 恳求者a. 哀求的（sub 下+plic+ant→折叠膝盖）accomplice n 同谋（ac+com 共同+plice→共同重叠在一起[做事]→同谋）complicity n 同谋关系（com 共同+plic+ity→共同重叠→同谋关系）9 .turb= stir“表示”搅动“turbid a 混浊的（turb+id 表形容词→搅动的→混浊的）turbine n 涡轮（turb+ine）turbulent a 骚乱的（turb+ulent 多….的→搅动太多→骚动的）turbulence n 骚乱（turb+ulence）disturb v 扰乱，打扰（dis 分开+turb→搅开了→搅乱了）disturbance n 骚动，动乱（disturb+ance）perturb v 骚乱（per 始终+turb→始终搅动→扰乱）perturbative a 扰乱的，混乱的（perturb+ative）perturbable 令人烦恼的，焦虑不安的，疑惑不解的imperturbable a 沉着的，冷静的（im不+perturb+able→不受扰乱[影响]沉着的）imperturbability 沉着，冷静turmoil n 混乱（tur[=turb]+moil 翻腾→搅动翻腾→混乱）10． tort = twist 表示“扭曲”torsion n 扭转力（tors[=tort]+ion）torture n 折磨，拷问（tort+ure→扭曲[别人]→折磨）tortuous a 曲折的（tort+uous→弯曲的）contort v 拧弯；曲解（con 全部+tort→全部扭曲→拧弯）contortionist n 软体表演者（能把身边全部扭曲的人）distort v 曲解（dis 坏+tort→扭坏了→曲解）distortion n 歪曲（distort+ion）extort v 强夺（ex 出+tort→强扭出来→强夺）extortion n 强夺，勒索retort v 反驳；报复（re 回+tort→返回来扭→反驳；报复）retortion n 扭转；报复torment n 苦恼；拷问 v 折磨，烦扰，纠缠，捉弄，歪曲。
中英文无损检测名词T
Tackground， target ⽬标本底Tandem scan 串列扫查Target 耙Target 靶Television fluoroscopy 电视X射线荧光检查Temperature envelope 温度范围Tenth-value-layer(TVL) ⼗分之⼀值层Test coil 检测线圈Test quality level 检测质量⽔平Test ring 试环Test block 试块Test frequency 试验频率Test piece 试⽚Test range 探测范围Test surface 探测⾯Testing，ulrasonic 超声检测Thermal neutrons 热中⼦Thermocouple gage 热电偶计Thermogram 热谱图Thermography， infrared 红外热成象Thermoluminescent dosemeter(TLD) 热释光剂量计Thickness sensitivity 厚度灵敏度Third critiical angle 第三临界⾓Thixotropic penetrant 摇溶渗透剂Thormal resolution 热分辨率Threading bar 穿棒Three way sort 三档分选Threshold setting 门限设置Threshold fog 阈值灰雾Threshold level 阀值Threshotd tcnet 门限电平Throttling 节流Through transmission technique 穿透技术Through penetration technique 贯穿渗透法Through transmission technique; transmission technique 穿透法Through-coil technique 穿过式线圈技术Throughput 通⽓量Tight 密封Total reflection 全反射Totel image unsharpness 总的图像不清晰度Tracer probe leak location ⽰踪探头泄漏定位Tracer gas ⽰踪⽓体Transducer 换能器/传感器Transition flow 过渡流Translucent base media 半透明载体介质Transmission 透射Transmission densitomefer 发射密度计Transmission coefficient 透射系数Transmission point 透射点Transmission technique 透射技术Transmittance，τ透射率τTransmitted film density 检测底⽚⿊度Transmitted pulse 发射脉冲Transverse resolution 横向分辨率Transverse wave 横波Traveling echo 游动回波Travering scan; depth scan 前后扫查Triangular array 正三⾓形阵列Trigger/alarm condition 触发/报警状态Trigger/alarm level 触发/报警标准Triple traverse technique 三次波法True continuous technique 准确连续法技术Trueattenuation 真实衰减Tube current 管电流Tube head 管头Tube shield 管罩Tube shutter 管⼦光闸Tube window 管窗Tube-shift radiography 管⼦移位射线透照术Two-way sort 两档分选。
Vocab---Lesson 6
L3: patheticPASS.PATH = feel,suffer 感觉,苦痛字根pass,path 源出希腊文名词pathe, 和拉丁文名词passio,有[感觉,感情, 伤痛] 之意. 这个字根还有一种拼法pat, 例如: compatibla. [相容的], incompatible a. [相处不融洽的], patient a. [坚忍的],impatient a. [不耐烦的],这些单字均借自法文,因此pat 的拼法乃受法文影响的结果. 其他如: passive a. [消极,顺从的]. passive 源出拉丁文形容词passivus,原为[可受痛苦的],引申而成[消极,顺从的].antipathetic 引起憎恶的antipathy 憎恶,反感apathetic 缺乏兴趣,冷淡的apathy 缺乏情感,冷淡compassion 同情,怜悯compassionate 有同情心的compatible 相容,一致的empathy 神入感情相融的（em+pathy 感情→进入感情）impatient 不能忍受,不耐烦的incompatible 不能和谐共存,不调和的passion 热情,爱好passionate 热情,热烈的passive 消极,被动的pathetic 令人感伤,可怜的pathos 动人哀感之性质patient 坚忍的,病人sympathetic 同情的sympathize 同情sympathy 同情,怜悯apathetica-①加在单词或词根前面，表示"不，无，非" acentric 无中心的（a+centric 中心的）asocial 不好社交的（a+social 好社交的）amoral 非道德性的（a+moral 道德的；注意：immoral不道德的）apolitical. 不关政治的（a+political 政治的）anemia 反常的（a+nomal 正常的+ous）apathy 冷漠（a+path 感情+y）②加在单词前，表示"在......的" asleep 睡着的（a+sleep 睡觉）aside 在边上（a+side 旁边）ahead 在前地（a+head 头）awake 唤醒，醒的（a+wake 醒的）aloud 高声地（a+loud 高声的）alive 活的（a+live 活）alone 孤单的（a+lone 单个的）L4: Bragging: boast, boasting, jactitation 诈称, self-praiseL11: monopolymono-表示“单个，一个”monarch 君主，独裁者（mon+arch 统治者→一个统治者）monogamy 一夫一妻制（mono+gamy 婚姻）monologue独白（mono+logue 说话→一个人说话→独白）monopoly 垄断（mono+poly→独家卖→垄断）monotonous 单调的（mono+ton 声音+ous→一个声音→单调的）L15: Deficiency fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示“做，制作” facile a 容易做的(fac+ile 能…的) facilitate v 使容易(fac+ilitale 能够→使能够做→使容易) facility n 便利;便利设备(容易让人做事) factor n 要素;动力(fact+or→促使人做的东西→要素;动力) benefactor n 捐助者;恩人(bene 好+fact+or→做好事的人) benefaction n 善事;恩惠(bene 好+fact+ion) malefaction n 罪恶，犯罪(male 坏+fact+ion) facsimile n 复写，传真(fac+simile 相同→做出相同的东西→传真) faction n 宗派，小集团(fact+ion→[一帮人]做→小集团) factious a 搞派别的(faction 的形容词) factitious a 人为的，不自然的(fact +itious…的→做出来的，不自然的) manufacture a 制造(业)(manu 手+fact+ure→手做→制造业(机器发明前用手做)) 前用的手做)) affect v 影响;感动(af 使+fect→使人做→影响) affected a 受感动的;假装的(affect 影响+ed→被影响的→被感动的) affection n 感情;友情(affect+ion→感动→感情) affectation n 假装(affect+ation→做出的感动→假装) affectionate a 充满感情的(affection 感情+ate)affective a 令人感动的( affect 感动+ive 表示主动的形容词→令人感动的)confection n 糖果(con 共同+fect+ion→混在一起→糖果) confectionery n 糖果店(confection 糖果+ery→糖果店) defect n 缺点，缺陷;变节(de 坏+fect→做坏了→缺陷) defection n 叛党，变节(de 坏+fect→做坏事→叛党)disaffect a 使…感情疏远;不满(dis 分开+affect 感情→感情分开→疏远)disaffected a 不满的;背离的(disaffect+ed)effect v 实施;生效;效果(ef 出+fect→做出来→生效;效果)effective v 有效的(effect +ive) effectuate v使…有效(effect+uate 表示动词)infect v 传染;感化(in 进入+fact→做进去→传染进去)infection n 传染;感化(infect+ion)infectious a 传染性的(infect+ious)perfect a 完美的;完全的(per 全部+fect→全部做完→完美的)perfection n 完全;完美(perfect+ion)sacrifice v 牺牲n. 牺牲品(sacri 神圣+fice→为神做的东西→牺牲品) efficacy n 功效，功能(ef 出+fic+acy→做出来的结果→功效) efficacious a 有效应的(efficacy.y变成I，再加ous) efficient a (做事)有效的(ef 出+fic+ent→能做出事来→有效率的)proficient a 精通的，熟练的(pro 前+fic+ient→以前做过→熟练的) proficiency n 精通，熟练(pro+fic+inecy)suffice v 使满足，充足(suf 在下面+fice→在下面先做好→充足)sufficient a 足够的，充分的(suffice+inet)profit n 利润;利益(pro 前+fit[=fict]→先做的好处→利益) profitable a 有利润的(profit+able)fiction n 虚构;小说(fict+ion→做出的故事→小说)fictitious a 虚构的(fict+itious)feat n 功绩，事业(feat=fact 做大事→功绩) feature n 面貌;特征(feat+ure→做事的状态→做事特征) feasible a 可行的;可能的(feas 做+ible→能够做的→可行的) malfeasance n 不法行为(mal坏+feas+ance→做坏事)defeat v 打败，摧毁(de 向下+feat→做下去→打下去)defeatism n 失败主义(defeat +ism)figment n 虚构的事物(fig+ment→做出的东西→虚构) figure n 形象，人物(fig+ure →做出的状态→形象) transfigure v 使变形;使改观(trans 改变+figure 形状) configuration n 结构;形状;配置(con 共同+figure 形象+ion→形象放在一起→总结构) fashion n 时髦，风气(fash[=fac 做]+ion→做出的东西→时髦) fashionable a 时髦的，流行的(fashion+able)de-①表示"去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下"等destruction 破坏（de+struct 结构；建造＋ion→弄坏结构→破坏）desalt 除去盐分（de+salt 盐→去掉盐分）deforest 砍伐森林（de+forest 森林→去掉森林）devalue 降低价值（de+value 价值→去掉价值）depress 压制，压抑（de+press 压→向下压→压制）detrain 下火车（de+train 火车）decelerate 减速（de+celer 速度＋ate→使速度变慢）decode 破译（de+code 密码→去掉密码）defame 诽谤，中伤（de+fame 名声→名声变坏→诽谤）②表示"使…成为，加强"等delimit 划定界限（de+limit 限定→加强限定）depict 描绘（de+pict 图画→成为图画→描绘）design 设计；计划（de+sign 做标志→设计）definition 定义；清晰（de+fin 界限＋ition→划出界限→定义）L21: preempt em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示“拿，获得”exempt v 免除，豁免(ex 出+empt 拿→拿出→豁免)exemption n 免除，豁免(exempt+ion) redeem v 赎回，买回(red=[re回]+eem[=em]→拿回→赎回) redemption n 赎回，买回(redeem 的名词)premium n 奖品，奖金(pre 前面+em+ium→在前面[的人]拿到→奖品)peremptory a 专横的，武断的(per 全部+empt+ory→全部拿了→武断的)preempt v 以先买权取得;先发制人(pre 预先+empt→预先拿→先发制人)preemption n 优先权;霸占(pre+empt+ion→先拿→霸占) preemptive a 优先的;先发制人的ample a 充足的(拿得多，很充足)sample n 样品，标本(s[=se 分开]+ample→分开拿出→标本)example n 样本;榜样(ex 出+ ample→拿出来→作为榜样)exemplar n 典型;模型(ex 出+empl[=ampl]+ar) exemplifyv 举例说明(ex+empl+ify)L39: Frivolous flippant, foolish, dizzy, superficial, silly, flip (informal), juvenile, idle, childish, ill-considered, empty-headed, light-hearted,L39:bilk verb bilk someone (out of something) bilksomething (from someone) to cheat someone, especiallyby taking money from them eg. bilked investors out ofmillions of dollarsL49: proximity与prox, proach 有关的英文单词围绕着“near(接近的，附近的)”造词。
光纤通信中常用英文简写
光纤通信中常用英文简写光纤通信中常用英文缩写Acronyms ac alternating current 交变电流交流AM amplitude modulation 幅度调制APD avalanche photodiode 雪崩二极管ASE amplified spontan eous emissi on 放大自发辐射ASK amplitude shift keying 幅移键控ATM asynchronous transfer mode 异步转移模式BER bit error rate 误码率BH buried heterostructure 掩埋异质结BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器C3 cleaved-coupled cavity 解理耦合腔CDM code division multiplexing 码分复用CNR carrier to noise ratio 载噪比CSO Composite sec ond order复合二阶CPFSK con ti nu ous-phase freque ncy-shift keying连续相位频移键控CVD chemical vapour deposition 化学汽相沉积CW continuous wave 连续波DBR distributed Bragg reflector 分布布拉格反射DFB distributed feedback 分布反馈dc direct current 直流DSF dispersion shift fiber 色散位移光纤DIP dual in line package 双列直插DPSK differential phase-shift keying 差分相移键控EDFA erbium doped fiber amplifier 掺铒光纤激光器FDDI fiber distributed data interface 光纤数据分配接口FDM frequency division multiplexing 频分复用FET field effect transistor 场效应管FM frequency modulation 频率调制FP Fabry Perot 法布里里-珀落FSK frequency-shift keying 频移键控FWHM full width at half maximum 半高全宽FWM four-wave mixing 四波混频GVD group-velocity dispersion 群速度色散HBT heterojunction-bipolar transistor 异质结双极晶体管HDTV high definition television 高清晰度电视HFC hybrid fiber-coaxial 混合光纤纤/ 电缆IC integrated circuit 集成电路IMD intermodulation distortion 交互调制失真ISI intersymbol interference 码间干扰LED light emitting diode 发光二极管L-I light current 光电关系LPE liquid phase epitaxy 液相外延MBE molecular beam epitaxy 分子束外延MOCVD metal-organic chemical vapor deposition 金属有机物化学汽相沉积MCVD Modified chemical vapor deposition 改进的化学汽相沉积MPEG motion-picture entertainment group 视频动画专家小组MPN mode-partion noise 模式分配噪声MQW multiquantum well 多量子阱MSK minimum-shift keying 最小频偏键控MSR mode-suppression ratio 模式分配噪声MZ mach-Zehnder 马赫泽德NA numerical aperture 数值孔径NF noise figure 噪声指数NEP noise-equivalent power 等效噪声功率NRZ non-return to zero 非归零NSE nonlinear Schrodinger equation 非线性薛定额方程OC optical carrier 光载波OEIC opto-electronic integrated circuit 光电集成电路OOK on-off keying 开关键控OPC optical phase conjugation 光相位共轭OTDM optical time-division multiplexing 光时分复用OVD outside-vapor deposition 轴外汽相沉积OXC optical cross-connect 光交叉连接PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PDF probability density function 概率密度函数PDM polarization-division multiplexing 偏振复用PSK phase-shift keyi ng 相移键控RIN relative intensity noise 相对强度噪声RMS root-mean-square 均方根RZ return-to-zero 归零RA raman amplifier 喇曼放大器SAGCM separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication 吸收渐变电荷倍增区分离APD 的一种SAGM separate absorption and multiplication 吸收渐变倍增区分离APD 的一种SAM separate absorption and multiplication吸收倍增区分离APD 的一种SBS stimulated Brillouin scattering 受激布里渊散射SCM subcarrier multiplexing 副载波复用SDH synchronous digital hierarchy 同步数字体系SLA/SOA semiconductor laser/optical amplifier 半导体光放大器SLM single longitudinal mode 单纵模SNR signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比SPM self-phase modulation 自相位调制SRS stimulated Raman scatteri ng 受激喇曼散射STM synchronous transport module 同步转移模块STS synchronous tran sport sig nal 同步转移信号传输控制协议议/ 互联网协议TDM time-division multiplexing 时分复用TE transverse electric 横电模TW traveling wave 行波VAD vapor-axial epitaxy 轴向汽相沉积VCSEL vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser垂直腔表面发射激光器VPE vapor-phase epitaxy 汽相沉积VSB vestigial sideba nd 残留边带WDMA wavelength-division multiple access 波分复用接入系统WGA waveguide-grating router 波导光栅路由器XPM cross-phase modulation 交叉相位调制DWDM dense wavelength division multiplexing/multiplexer 密集波分复用用/ 器FBG fiber-bragg grating 光纤布拉格光栅AWG arrayed-waveguide grating 阵列波导光栅LD laser diode 激光二极管AOTF acousto optic tunable filter 声光调制器AR coatings antireflection coatings 抗反膜SIOF step index optical fiber 阶跃折射率分布GIOF graded index optical fiber 渐变折射率分布光纤通信技术课程常用词汇Cross-talk 串音Soliton 孤子Jitter 抖动Heterodyne 外差Homodyne 零差Transmitter 发射机Receiver 接收机Transceiver module 收发模块Birefringence xxChirp 啁啾Binary 二进制Chromatic dispersion 色度色散Cladding 包层Jacket 涂层Core cladding interface 纤芯包层界面Gain-guided semiconductor laser 增益波导半导体激光器Index-guide semiconductor laser 折射率波导半导体激光器Damping constant 阻尼常数Threshold 阈值Power penalty 功率代价Dispersion 色散Attenuation 衰减Nonlinear optical effect 非线性效应Polarization 偏振Double heterojunction 双异质结Linewidth 线宽Preamplifer 前置放大器Inline amplifier 在线放大器Power amplifier 功率放大器Extinction ratio 消光比Eye diagram 眼图Fermi level 费米能级Multimode fiber 多模光纤Higher-order dispersion 高阶色散Dispersion slope 色散斜率Block diagram 原理图Quantum limited 量子极限Intermode dispersion 模间色散Intramode dispersion 模内色散Filter 滤波器Directional coupler 定向耦合器Isolator 隔离器Circulator 环形器Detector 探测器Laser 激光器Polarization controller 偏振控制器Attenuator 衰减器Modulator 调制器Optical switch 光开关Lowpass filter 低通滤波器Highpass filter 高通滤波器Bandpass filter 带通滤波器Longitudinal mode 纵模Transverse mode 横模Lateral mode 侧模Sensitivity 灵敏度Linewidth enhancement factor 线宽增强因子Packet switch 分组交换Quantum efficiency 量子效率White noise 白噪声Responsibility 响应度Waveguide dispersion 波导色散Stripe geometry semiconductor laser 条形激光器Ridge waveguide 脊波导Zero-dispersion wavelength 零色散波长Free spectral range 自由光谱范围Surface emitting LED 表面发射LEDEdge emitting LED 边发射LEDShot noise 散粒噪声Thermal noise 热噪声Quantum limit 量子极限Sensitivity degradation 灵敏度劣化Intensity noise 强度噪声Timing jitter 时间抖动Front end 前端Packaging 封装Maxwell s equation麦克斯韦方程组Material dispersion 材料色散Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射Driving circuit 驱动电路ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器:AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络:APON ATM Passive Optical Network ATMc源光网络：ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户线：AA Adaptive Antenna 自适应天线：ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation 自适应脉冲编码调制ADFE Automatic Decree Feedback Equalize自适应判决反馈均衡器：AMI Alternate Mark Inversion 信号交替反转码：AON All Optical Net 全光网AOWC All Optical Wave Converter全光波长转换器：ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 振幅键控：ATPC Automatic Transfer Power Contro自动发信功率控制：AWF All Wave Fiber 全波光纤：AU Administrative Unit 管理单元：AUG Administrative Unit Group 管理单元组：APD Avalanche Diode 雪崩光电二极管:BA Booster(power) Amplifier 光功率放大器:BBER Background Block Error Ratio背景误块比：BR Basic Rate Acces基本速率接入：Bluetooth xx：C Band C波带：Chirp 啁啾：C Container C 容器：CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collisi on Detection载波侦听多址接入/碰撞检测协议：CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collisi on Avoida nc载波侦听多址接入/避免冲撞协议：CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio载噪比：CP Cross polarization交叉极化：DCF Dispersio n Compe nsat ing Fibe色散补偿单模光纤DFF Dispersion-flattened Fiber色散平坦光纤：DR Diversity Receiver 分集接收DPT Dynamic Packet Transpor动态包传输技术：ODM Optical Division ltiplexer 光分用器：DSF Dispersion-Shifted Fiber色散移位光纤：DTM Dynamic Synchronous Transfer Mode动态同步传送模式：DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用: DLC Digital loop carrier 数字环路载波:DXC Digital cross connect equipment数字交叉连接器：EA Electricity Absorb Modulation 电吸收调制器:EB Error Block 误块：ECC Embedded Control Channe嵌入控制通路：EDFA Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDFL Erbium-doped Fiber Lase掺铒光纤激光器：ES Errored Seco nd 误块秒：ESR Errored Seco nd Ratio误块秒比：FEC Forward Error Correction前向纠错:FWM Four-wave Mixing 四波混频：FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access频分多址：FTTB Fiber to the Building 光纤到大楼：FTTC Fiber to the Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber to the Home 光纤到户：FA Frequency agility 频率捷变：CSMF Com mon Si ngle Mode Fibe单模光纤：DSF Dispersion-Shifted Fiber色散位移光纤：GIF Graded Index Fiber渐变型多模光纤：GS-EDFA Gain Shifted Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifid增益平移掺饵光纤放大器GVD Group Velocity Dispersion 群速度色散:HPF High Pass Filte高通滤波器：HRDS Hypothetical Referenee Digital Section假设参考数字段：IDLC Integrated DLC综合数字环路载波：IDEN In tegrated Digital En ha need Networks 数字集群调度专网：IEEE 802.3: CSMA/C局域网，即以太网标准。
大地测量学英文词汇英文解释总结
ellipsoid will be called the normal gravity field. 26. Gravity anomaly : The differences between the true gravity and the normal gravity 27. Geodesic ：is the shortest line between two points on the Earth ellipsoid. r sin A C 28. prime vertical： an intersection curve of a plane, which contains the normal line and is perpendicular to the meridian circle, and the earth ellipsoid 29. Map projection: A method to project the ellipsoid surface to a developable surface. A method for representing all or part of a curved surface on a flat sheet 30. Conformal map ：A map that preserves angles and therefore shapes. 31. Gauss-Krüger Projection: is a ellipsoidal cylindrical tangent transverse conformal projection. 32. The Meridian Convergence: The angle between the meridian (the true north) and the grid north is called the meridian convergence. 33. UTM: The Universal Transverse Mercator. 34. Triangulation: Triangulation is a method to get positions of the angular vertices of series of triangles by measuring the internal angles with theodolite. 35. Trilateration: a trilateration network or a trilateration system in geodesy, which consists of a series of triangles with all the lengths sides measured by EDM instruments. 36. Traversing: A traverse is composed of a series of straight lines (also called traverse lines or traverse sections) connecting successive selected points whose positions are to be determined. 37. Geodetic Control Network: The geodetic control network is composed of a set of point marked on the ground surface of the Earth. 38. ITRS : International Terrestrial Reference system is a world spatial reference system co-rotating with the Earth in its diurnal motion in space. 39. ITRF: International Terrestrial Reference Frame is a set of points with their 3-dimensional cartesian coordinates and velocities based on ITRS. 40. IERS: International Earth Rotation Service is in charge of providing global references to the astronomical, geodetic and geophysical communities, supervises the realization of the ITRS. 41. Network RTK: (Real Time Kinematic). Network RTK is a technique to get precise positioning result based on CORS network. 42. IGS: International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service. IGS is a voluntary federation of more than 200 worldwide agencies that pool resources and permanent GPS & GLONASS station data to generate precise GPS & GLONASS products. 43. Universal Time(UT): is defined by the earth spin period referenced to the sun. 44. GAST: is the time elapsed since a transit of the Greenwich meridian across the true vernal equinox. 45. UTC: coordinated universal time,which is kept within 0.9seconds of UT1 by second leap. UTC = TAI - n • (ls). 46. Sidereal Time(ST): is counted by the earth spin period referenced to the vernal equinox,with respect to stars. 47. TAI :International Atomic Time, is defined by atomic clocks that are under the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth． 48. Dynamical Time: is used as the independent variable in the equations of motion. 49. The Barycentric Dynamical Time (Temps Dynamique Barycentrique, TDB) is derived from orbital motions referred to the barycenter of the solar system
测绘类英语词汇（T-Z）_地质专业英语词汇
塔尔科特测纬度法 talcott method of latitude determination台链 station chain太阳辐射波谱 solar radiation spectrum太阳光压摄动 solar radiation pressure perturbation太阳同步卫星 sun-synchronous satellite态势地图 posture map特殊水深 special depth特征 feature特征编码 feature coding特征码 feature codes特征码清单 feature codes menu特征提取 feature extraction特征选择 feature selection特种地图 particular map体素 voxel天波干扰 sky-wave interference天波修正 sky-wave correction天顶距 zenith angle天顶距 zenith distance天球坐标系 celestial coordinate system天球坐标系 celestial coordinate system天文大地垂线偏差 astro-geodetic deflection of the vertical 天文大地网 astro-geodetic network天文大地网平差 adjustment of astrogeodetic network天文点 astronomical point天文定位系统 astronomical positioning system天文方位角 astronomical azimuth天文经度 astronomical longitude天文经纬仪 astronomical theodolite天文年历 astronomical almanac天文年历 astronomical ephemeris天文水准 astronomical leveling天文纬度 astronomical latitude天文重力水准 astro-gravimetric leveling天文坐标测量仪astronomical coordinate measuring instrument天线高度 antenna height田谐系数 coefficient of tesseral harmonics田谐系数 coefficient of tesseral harmonics条幅[航带]摄影机 continuous strip camera条幅[航带]摄影机 continuous strip camera条幅[航带]摄影机 strip camera条件方程 condition equation条件方程 condition equation条件平差 condition adjustment条件平差 condition adjustment铁路工程测量 railroad engineering survey通用横墨尔卡投影 universal transverse mercator projection通用极球面投影 universal polar stereographic projection通用极球面投影 ups通用墨卡尔投影 utm同步观测 simultaneous observation同步验潮 tidal synobservation同名光线 corresponding image rays同名光线 corresponding image rays同名核线 corresponding epipolar line同名核线 corresponding epipolar line同名像点 corresponding image points同名像点 corresponding image points同名像点 homologous image points统计地图 statistic map投影变换 projection transformation投影差 height displacement投影差 relied displacement投影方程 projection equation投影器 projector投影器主距 principal distance of projector投影晒印 projection printing透光率 transmittance透明负片 transparent negative透明正片 transparent positive透明注记 stick-up lettering透视截面法 perspective traces透视投影 perspective projection透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律 chasles theorem透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律 chasles theorem透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律 rotation axiom of the perspective 透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律 rotational theorem图幅 mapsheet图幅编号 sheet designation图幅编号 sheet number图幅接边 edge matching图幅接合表 index diagram图幅接合表 sheet index图根点 mapping control point图根控制 mapping control图解纠正 graphical rectification图解图根点 graphic mapping control point图廓 edge of the format图廓 map border图历簿 mapping recorded file图例 legend图面配置 map layout图象 picture图像编码 image coding图像变换 image transformation图像处理 image processing图像分割 image segmentation图像分析 image analysis图像复合 image overlaying图像几何纠正 geometric rectification of imagery 图像几何配准 geometric registration of imagery 图像理解 image understanding图像描述 image description图像识别 image recognition图像数字化 image digitization图像增强 image enhancement图形 graphics图形-背景辨别 f-g discrimination图形-背景辨别 figure-ground discrimination图形符号 graphic symbol图形记号 graphic sign图形权倒数 weight reciprocal figure图形元素 graphic elements土地规划测量 land planning survey土地利用现状图 present landuse map土地信息系统 land information system土地信息系统 lis推荐航线 recommended route托帕可斯卫星 t/p托帕克斯卫星 topex/poseidon拖底扫海 aground sweeping陀螺定向光电测距导线 gyrophic edm traverse陀螺方位角 gyro azimuth陀螺经纬仪 gyro theodolite陀螺经纬仪 gyroscopic theodolite陀螺仪定向测量 gyrostatic orientation survey椭球扁率 flattening of ellipsoid椭球长半轴，*地球长半轴 semimajor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴，*地球短半轴 semiminor axis of ellipsoid 椭球面大地测量学 ellipsoidal geodesy椭球偏心率 eccentricity of ellipsoid拓扑地图 topological map拓扑关系 topological relation拓扑检索 topological retrieval外部定向 exterior orientation网点 stipple网格地图 grid map网格法 grid method网格结构 grid structure网屏 screen网纹片 transparent foil网线 ruling危险界限 limiting danger line微波测距仪 microwave distance measuring instrument 微波辐射 microwave radiation微波辐射计 microwave radiometer微波图像 microwave imagery微波遥感 microwave remote sensing微波遥感器 microwave remote sensor微重力测量 microgravimetry维纳频谱 winer spectrum维宁?曼尼斯公式 vening-meinesz formula伪彩色图像 pseudo-color image伪等值线地图 pseudo-isoline map伪距测量 pseudo-range measurement卫星测高 satellite altimetry卫星大地测量 satellite geodesy卫星定位 satellite positioning卫星多普勒[频移]测量 satellite doppler shift measurement卫星多普勒定位 satellite doppler positioning卫星高度 satellite altitude卫星跟踪卫星技术 satellite-to-satellite tracking卫星跟踪卫星技术 sst卫星跟踪站 satellite tracking station卫星共振分析 analysis of satellite resonance卫星构形 satellite configuration卫星-惯导组合定位系统satellite-inertial guidance integrated positioning sy卫星轨道改进 improvement of satellite orbit卫星激光测距 satellite laser ranging卫星激光测距，侧视雷达 slr卫星激光测距仪 satellite laser ranger卫星-声学组合定位系统satellite-acoustics integrated positioning system卫星受摄运动 perturbed motion of satellite卫星像片图 satellite photo map卫星星下点 sub-satellite point卫星运动方程 equation of satellite motion卫星重力梯度测量 satellite gradiometry卫星姿态 satellite attitude位置[线交]角 intersection angle of lop位置函数，*坐标函数 position function位置精度 positional accuracy位置线 line of position位置线 lop位置线方程 equation of lop文化地图 cultural map文化地图 cultural map纹理分析 texture analysis纹理增强 texture enhancement沃尔什变换 walsh transformation无线电定位 radio positioning无线电航行警告 radio navigational warning无线电指向标，*电指向 radio beacon无线电指向标表 list of radio beacon五角棱镜 pentaprism物镜分辨力 resolving power of lens物理大地测量学，*大地重力学 physical geodesy 误差检验 error test误差理论 theory of errors误差椭圆 error ellipse雾[信]号 fog signal系列地图 series maps系统集成 system integration系统误差 systematic error弦线支距法 chord off-set method弦线支距法 chord off-set method显微摄影 photomicrography现势地图 up-to-data map线路平面图 route plan线路水准测量 route leveling线路中线测量 center line survey线路中线测量 center line survey线路中线测量 location of route线纹米尺，*日内瓦尺 standard meter线形锁 linear triangulation chain线形网 linear triangulation network线性调频脉冲 chirp线性调频脉冲 chirp线阵遥感器 linear array sensor线阵遥感器 pushbroom sensor线状符号 line symbol限差 tolerance限航区 restricted area乡村规划测量 rural planning survey相对定位 relative positioning相对定向 relative orientation相对定向元素 element of relative orientation相对航高 relative flying height相对论改正 relativistic correction相对误差 relative error相对重力测量 relative gravity measurement相干声呐测深系统 interferometric seabed inspection sonar 相关平差 adjustment of correlated observation相关器 correlator相关器 correlator相位传递函数 phase transfer function相位传递函数 ptf相位多值性 phase ambiguity相位模糊度解算 phase ambiguity resolution相位漂移 phase drift相位稳定性 phase stability相位周，*巷 lane相位周，*巷 phase cycle相位周值，*巷宽 lane width相位周值，*巷宽 phase cycle value镶嵌索引图 index mosaic巷道验收测量 footage measurement of workings象限仪 quadrant象形符号 replicative symbol像场角 angular field of view像等角点 isocenter of photograph像底点 photo nadir point像地平线，*合线 horizon trace像地平线，*合线 image horizon像地平线，*合线 vanishing line像幅 picture format像空间坐标系 image space coordinate system像片 photo像片 photograph像片比例尺 photo scale像片地质判读，*像片地质解译geological interpretation of photograph像片方位角 azimuth of photograph像片方位元素 photo orientation elements像片基线 photo base像片纠正 photo rectification像片内方位元素 elements of interior orientation像片判读 photo interpretation像片平面图 photoplan像片倾角 tilt angle of photograph像片外方位元素 elements of exterior orientation 像片镶嵌 photo mosaic像片旋角 swing angle像片旋角 yaw像片主距 principal distance of photo像平面坐标系 photo coordinate system像移补偿 image motion compensation像移补偿 imc像元 pixel像主点 principal point of photograph像主纵线 principal line [of photograph]销钉定位法 stud registration小潮升 neap rise小潮升 neap rise小角度法 minor angle method小像幅航空摄影 sfap小像幅航空摄影 small format aerial photography 协调世界时 coordinate universal time协调世界时 coordinate universal time协调世界时 utc协调世界时时号 time signal in utc协方差函数 covariance function协方差函数 covariance function心象地图 mental map新版海图 new edition of chart新版海图 new edition of chart信号杆 signal pole信息量 contents of information信息量 contents of information信息提取 information extraction信息属性 information attribute星载遥感器 satellite-borne sensor行差 run error行星大地测量学 planetary geodesy行政区划图 administrative map修版 retouching虚地图 virtual map虚拟地景 virtual landscape序惯平差 sequential adjustment悬式经纬仪 hanging theodolite旋转参数 rotation parameters选取限额 norm for selection选取限额 norm for selection选取指标 index for selection选权迭代法 iteration method with variable weights寻北器 north-finding instrument寻北器 north-finding instrument寻北器 polar finder压力验潮仪 pressure gauge亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会 pcgiap亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会permanent committee on gis infrastructure for asia and the pacific 严密平差 rigorous adjustment沿海测量 coastwise survey沿海测量 coastwise survey颜色空间 color space颜色空间 color space验潮 tidal observation验潮仪 tide-meter验潮站 tidal station验潮站零点 zero point of the tidal阳像 positive image遥感 remote sensing遥感测深 remote sensing sounding遥感模式识别 pattern recognition of remote sensing 遥感平台 remote sensing platform遥感数据获取 remote sensing data acquisition遥感制图 remote sensing mapping野外地质图 field geological map野外填图 field mapping因瓦基线尺 invar baseline wire阴像 negative image阴像 negative image引潮力 tide-generating force引潮位 tide-generating potential引航图集 pilot atlas引力 gravitation引力位 gravitational potential引水锚地 pilot anchorage引张线法 method of tension wire alignment印刷版 printing plate荧光地图 fluorescent map影像 image影像 imagery影像地质图 geological photomap影像分辨力 image resolution影像分辨力 resolving power of image影像复原 image restoration影像金字塔 image pyramid影像匹配 image matching影像融合 image fusion影像数据库 image database影像相关 image correlation影像镶嵌 image mosaic影像质量 image quality游艇用图 smallcraft chart游艇用图 yacht chart渔礁 fishing rock渔堰 fishing haven渔业用图 fishing chart渔栅 fishing stake宇宙制图 cosmic mapping宇宙制图 cosmic mapping预报地图 prognostic map预打样图 pre-press proof预制符号 preprinted symbol预制感光板，*ps 版 presensitized plate原子钟 atomic clock圆曲线测设 circular curve location圆曲线测设 circular curve location圆-圆定位，*距离-距离定位 range-range positioning 圆柱投影 cylindrical projection圆柱投影 cylindrical projection圆锥投影 conic projection圆锥投影 conic projection远程定位系统 long-range positioning system远海测量 pelagic survey月平均海面 monthly mean sea level月球轨道飞行器 lunar orbiter运动方程分析解 analytical solution of motion equation 运动方程数值解 numerical solution of motion equation 运动方程数值解 numerical solution of motion equation 运动线法 arrowhead method晕滃法 hachuring晕渲法 hill shading载波相位测量 carrier phase measurement载波相位测量 carrier phase measurement再分结构 subdivisional organization凿井施工测量 construction survey for shaft sinking凿井施工测量 construction survey for shaft sinking栅格绘图 raster plotting栅格数据 raster data站心坐标系 topocentric coordinate system章动 nutation章动 nutation照相排字机 phototypesetter照相制版镜头 printer lens照相制版镜头 process lens照准点 sighting point照准点归心 sighting centring真地平线，*真水平线 true horizon真实孔径雷达 real-aperture radar真误差 true error真子午线 true meridian整体大地测量 integrated geodesy整体感 associative perception整体结构 extensional organization正常高 normal height正常高 normal height正常水椭球，*水准椭球 normal level ellipsoid 正常水椭球，*水准椭球 normal level ellipsoid 正常引力位 normal gravitation potential正常引力位 normal gravitation potential正常重力 normal gravity正常重力 normal gravity正常重力场 normal gravity field正常重力场 normal gravity field正常重力公式 normal gravity formula正常重力公式 normal gravity formula正常重力位 normal gravity potential正常重力位 normal gravity potential正常重力线 normal gravity line正常重力线 normal gravity line正方形分幅 square mapsubdivision正片 positive正象 right-reading正直摄影 normal case photography正直摄影 normal case photography正轴投影 normal projection正轴投影 normal projection郑和航海图 zheng he's nautical chart政治地图 political map支水准路线 spur leveling line直方图规格化 histogram specification直方图均衡 histogram equalization直角坐标网 rectangular grid志田数 shida'a number制图分级 cartographic hierarchy制图分级 cartographic hierarchy制图简化 cartographic simplification制图简化 cartographic simplification制图精度 mapping accuracy制图夸大 cartographic exaggeration制图夸大 cartographic exaggeration制图专家系统 cartographic expert system制图专家系统 cartographic expert system制图资料 cartographic document制图资料 cartographic document制图资料 source material质底法 quality base method质量感 qualitative perception秩亏平差 rank defect adjustment置信度 confidence置信度 confidence中程定位系统 medium-range positioning system中国测绘学会chinese society of geodesy, photogrammetry and cartog中国测绘学会 csgpc中国测绘学会chinese society of geodesy, photogrammetry and cartog中国测绘学会 csgpc中国大地测量星表 cgsc中国大地测量星表 chinese geodetic stars catalogue中国大地测量星表 cgsc中国大地测量星表 chinese geodetic stars catalogue中华人民共和国测绘法surveying and mapping law of the people's republic of中天法 transit method中误差 rmse中误差 root mean square error中心式快门 between-the-lens shutter中心式快门 lens shutter中星仪 transit instrument中性色调，*灰色调 middle tone中央子午线 central meridian中央子午线 central meridian钟偏 clock offset钟偏 clock offset钟速 clock rate钟速 clock rate重采样 resampling重力 gravity重力测量 gravity measurement重力场 gravity field重力潮汐改正 correction of gravity measurement for tide 重力潮汐改正 correction of gravity measurement for tide 重力垂线偏差 gravimetric deflection of the vertical重力垂直梯度 vertical gradient of gravity重力点 gravimetric point重力固体潮观测 gravity observation of earth tide重力归算 gravity reduction重力基线 gravimetric baseline重力基准 gravity datum重力数据库 gravimetric database重力水平梯度 horizontal gradient of gravity重力梯度测量 gradiometry重力梯度测量 gravity gradient measurement重力梯度仪 gradiometer重力位 gravity potential重力仪 gravimeter重力异常 gravity anomaly周期误差 periodic error周跳 cycle slip周跳 cycle slip轴颈误差 error of pivot主垂面 principal plane [of photograph]主垂面 principal vertical plane主动式遥感 active remote sensing主分量变换 principal component transformation 主合点 principal vanishing point主核面 principal epipolar plane主核线 principal epipolar line主检比对 main/check comparison主台 main station主轴线测设 setting-out of main axis属性精度 attribute accuracy助曲线，*辅助等高线 extra contour专题测图仪 thematic mapper专题测图仪 tm专题层 thematic overlap专题地图 thematic map专题地图集 thematic atlas专题地图学 thematic cartography专题海图 thematic chart专用地图 special use map转点仪，*制点仪 point transfer device转绘仪 sketchmaster状态向量 state vector准确度 accuracy姿态 attitude姿态参数 attitude parameter姿态测量遥感器 attitude-measuring sensor资源与环境遥感remote sensing for natural resources and environment子午面 meridian plane子午圈 meridian子午圈曲率半径 radius of curvature in meridian自动安平水准仪 automatic level自动安平水准仪 compensator level自动安平水准仪 compensator level自动化地图制图 automatic cartography自动绘图 automatic plotting自动空中三角测量 automatic triangulation自动坐标展点仪 automatic coordinate plotter自检校 self-calibration自然地图 physical map自准直目镜 autocollimating eyepiece综合测绘系统 general surveying system综合地图 comprehensive map综合地图 comprehensive map综合地图集 comprehensive atlas综合地图集 comprehensive atlas综合法测量photo planimetric method of photogrammetric mapping纵断面测量 profiles survey纵断面图 profile纵断面图 profile diagram组合地图 homeotheric map组合定位 integrated positioning钻孔位置测量 bore-hole position survey最大似然分类 maximum likelihood classification最小二乘法 least square method最小二乘配置法，*最小二乘拟合推估法least squares collocation最小二乘相关 least squares correlation最小距离分类 minimum distance classification左右视差 horizontal parallax左右视差 x-parallax坐标地籍 coordinate cadastre坐标地籍 coordinate cadastre坐标方位角 grid bearing坐标格网 coordinate grid坐标格网 coordinate grid坐标量测仪 coordinate measuring instrument坐标量测仪 coordinate measuring instrument坐标增量 increment of coordinate坐标增值闭合差 closing error in coordinate increment坐标增值闭合差 closing error in coordinate increment坐标中误差 mean square error of coordinate。
第九章 衍射衬度-2
第三节 衍射衬度
实例
我们看到有两个晶 粒同时变亮，表明这 两个晶粒的位向应该 是比较接近的。 另外需要指出来的 是，由于在进行明场 像和暗场像操作时， 并没有特意倾转到双 光束条件，因而所得 到的明场像和暗场像 的衬度并不完全互补。
第三节 衍射衬度
实例
第三节 衍射衬度
四、明场像和暗场像的衬度问题
④ 衍衬成像反映的是晶体内部的组织结构特征，而质量厚度 衬度反映的基本上是样品的形貌特征。
第三节 衍射衬度
三、衍射衬度的成像方式
1.明场像 让透射束通过物镜光阑所成的像 就是明场像。 成明场像时，我们可以只让透射 束通过物镜光阑，而使其它衍射束 都被物镜光阑挡住，这样的明场像 一般比较暗，但往往会有比较好的 衍射衬度；
第二节 四种衬度
二、四种衬度
4.原子序数衬度 每一个被照明的原子柱的强度与热漫反射散射截 面δTDS直接相关。
TDS
detector
f 2 ( s )[1 exp( 2 Ms 2 )]d 2 s
式中：f（s）原子对于弹性散射的波形系数，同原子序 数成正比；s=θ/2λ，θ为散射角，λ为电子波长； M：debye-Waller因子，定义为原子的均方热振动振幅。
双光束衍射几何 示意图
第三节 衍射衬度
四、明场像和暗场像的衬度问题
2. 操作反射 在用双光束成像时，参与成像的衍射斑除了透射 斑以外，只有衍射斑hkl， 因此无论是在明场成像还是暗场成像时，如果该 衍射斑参与了成像，则图像上的衬度在理论上来讲 就与该衍射斑有非常密切的关系，所以我们经常将 该衍射斑称为操作反射，记为ghkl.
Al-Cu-Li 合金中的T1析出物的高分辨图像
第二节 四种衬度
光学专业英语词汇
光学专业英语词汇一Iris –aperture stop虹膜孔俓光珊retina视网膜Color Blind 色盲weak color 色弱Myopia –near-sighted 近视Sensitivity to Light感光灵敏度boost推进lag behind落后于Hyperopic –far-sighted 远视Dynamic Range 动态范围critical fusion frequency 临界融合频率CFF临界闪变频率visual sensation视觉Chromaticity Diagram色度图Color Temperature色温HSV Model 色彩模型(hue色度saturation饱和度value纯度CIE Model 相干红外能量模式Complementary Colors补色Bar Pattern条状图形Heat body 热稠化approximate近似violet紫罗兰Body Curve 人体曲线Color Gamut色阶adjacent邻近的normal illumination法线照明Primary colors红黄蓝三原色Color saturation色饱和度Color Triangle颜色三角Color Notation颜色数标法Color Difference色差TV Signal Processing电视信号处理Gamma Correction图像灰度校正Conversion Tables换算表out of balance失衡wobble摇晃back and forth前后clear (white) panel白光板vibrant震动fuzzy失真quantum leap量子越迁SVGA (800x600)derive from起源自culprit犯人render呈递inhibit抑制,约束stride大幅前进blemish污点obstruction障碍物scratch刮伤substance物质实质主旨residue杂质criteria标准parameter参数adjacent邻近的接近的asynchrony异步cluster串群mutually互助得algorithm运算法则Chromatic Aberrations色差Fovea小凹Visual Acuity视觉灵敏度Contrast Sensitivity对比灵敏度Temporal (time) Response反应时间rendition表演,翻译animation活泼又生气ghost重影Parallax视差deficient缺乏的不足的Display panel显示板NG.( Narrow Gauge)窄轨距dichroic mirror二色性的双色性的Brewster Angle布鲁斯特角Polarized Light极化光Internal reflection内反射Birefringence 双折射Extinction Ratio 消光系数Misalignment 未对准Quarter Waveplates四分之一波片blemish污点瑕疵Geometric几何学的ripple波纹capacitor电容器parallel平行的他tantalum钽(金属元素) exsiccate使干燥exsiccate油管,软膏furnace炉子镕炉electrolytic 电解的,由电解产生的module模数analog类似物out of the way不恰当pincushion针垫拉lateral 侧面得rectangle长方形fixture固定设备control kit工具箱DVI connector DVI数局线Vertical 垂直的horizontal 水平的interlace隔行扫描mullion竖框直楞sawtooth锯齿toggle套索钉keypad数字按键键盘tangential切线diagnostic tool诊断工具sagittal direction径向的cursor position光标位置ray aberration光线相差weighting factor权种因子variables变量for now暂时,目前.眼下check box复选框Airy disk艾里斑exit pupil出[射光]瞳optical path difference光称差with respect to 关于diffraction limited衍射极限wavefront aberration波阵面相差spherical aberration球面象差paraxial focus傍轴焦点chromatic aberration象差local coordinate system局部坐标系统coordinate system坐标系orthogonal直角得,正交的conic sections圆锥截面account for解决,得分parabolic reflector拋物面反射镜radius of curvature曲率半径spherical mirror球面镜geometrical aberration几何相差incident radiation入射辐射global coordinate总体坐标in terms of根据按照reflected beam反射束FYI=for your information供参考Constructive interference 相长干涉phase difference相差achromatic singlet消色差透镜Interferometer干涉仪boundary constraint边界约束,池壁效应radii半径Zoom lenses变焦透镜Beam splitters分束器discrete 不连续的,分离的objective/eye lens物镜/目镜mainframe主机rudimentary根本的,未发展的photographic照相得摄影得taxing繁重的,费力得algebra代数学trigonometry三角学geometry 几何学calculus微积分学philosophy哲学lagrange invariant拉格朗日不变量spherical球的field information场信息Standard Lens标准透镜Refracting Surface折射面astigmatism散光HDTV 高清晰度电视DLV ( Digital Light Valve)数码光路真空管，简称数字光阀diffraction grating衍射光珊field angle张角paraxial ray trace equations近轴光线轨迹方称back focal length后焦距principal plane主平面vertex顶点,最高点astigmatism散光,因偏差而造成的曲解或错判medial中间的,平均的variance不一致conic圆锥的,二次曲线field of view视野collimator瞄准仪convolution回旋.盘旋,卷积fuzzy失真,模糊aberrated异常的asymmetry不对称得indicative可表示得parabolic拋物线得suffice足够,使满足specification规格,说明书straightforward易懂的,直接了当的,solidify凝固,巩固. Constraints 约束,限制metrology度量衡field coverage视场,视野dictate口述, 口授, 使听写, 指令, 指示, 命令, 规定irradiance发光, 光辉,辐照度aerial空气得,空中得halide卤化物的monochromatic单色的,单频的polychromatic多色的aspherical非球面的spherical球面的alignment列队,结盟power(透镜)放大率equiconvergence 同等收敛EFL(effective focal length)有效焦距workhorse广为应用的设备biconvex两面凸的global optimization整体最优化concave凹得,凹面得cylindrical圆柱得solid model实体模型Modulation Transfer Function调制传递函数in the heat of在最激烈的时候protocol协议,规定triplet三重态sanity心智健全zinc锌,涂锌的selenide 硒化物,硒醚miscellaneous各色各样混在一起, 混杂的, 多才多艺的versus与...相对polynomial多项式的coefficient系数explicit function 显函数distinct清楚的,截然不同的emanate散发, 发出, 发源rudimentary根本的,未发展的intersection 角差点PRTE=paraxial ray trace equation旁轴光线轨迹方程achromats 消色差透镜cardinal points基本方位separations分色片dashed虚线blow up放大overlay覆盖,覆盖图multiplayer 多层的humidity 湿度float glass浮法玻璃square one 出发点,端点square up to 准备开打,坚决地面对reflecting telescope 反射式望远镜diagnostic tools诊断工具Layout plots规划图Modulation transfer function调制转换功能FFT快速傅里叶变换Point spread function点传播功能wavelength波长angle角度absorption吸收system aperture系统孔径lens units透镜单位wavelength range波长范围singlet lens单业透镜spectrum光谱diffraction grating衍射光栅asphere半球的LDE=Lens data editor Surface radius of curvature表面曲率半径surface thickness表面厚度material type材料种类semi-diameter半径focal length焦距aperture type 孔径类型aperture value孔径值field of view视场microns微米F, d, and C= blue hydrogen, yellow helium, red hydrogen lines, primary wavelength主波长sequential mode连续模式object surface物表面The front surface of the lens透镜的前表面stop光阑The back surface of the lens透镜的后表面The image surface像表面symmetric相对称的biconvex两面凸的The curvature is positive if the center of curvature of the surface is to the right of the vertex. It is negative if the center of curvature is to the left of the vertex.如果曲率中心在最高点的右边,曲率值为正,如果曲率中心在最高点的左边,则曲率为负image plane像平面Ray Aberration光线相差tangential direction切线方向sagittal direction径向paraxial focus旁轴的Marginal边缘的spherical aberration球面像差Optimization Setup最优化调整variable变量mathematical sense 数学角度MFE= Merit Function Editor, Adding constraints增加约束focal length焦矩长度operand操作数the effective focal length有效焦矩primary wavelength主波长initiate开始spot diagram位图表Airy disk艾里斑axial chromatic aberration轴向色差with respect to关于至于exit pupil出射光瞳OPD=optical path difference光学路径差diffraction limited衍射极限chromatic aberration色差chromatic focal shift色焦距变换paraxial focus傍轴焦点axial spherical aberration轴向球差(longitudinal spherical aberration 纵向球差:沿光轴方向度量的球差)lateral spherical aberration垂轴球差(在过近轴光线像点A‵的垂轴平面内度量的球差)coma、comatic aberration彗差meridional coma子午彗差sagittal coma弧矢彗差astigmatism像散local coordinate system本地坐标系统meridional curvature of field子午场曲sagittal curvature of field弧矢场曲decentered lens偏轴透镜orthogonal直角的垂直的conic section圆锥截面account for说明,占有,得分stigmatic optical system无散光的光学系统Newtonian telescope牛顿望远镜parabolic reflector抛物面镜foci焦距chromatic aberration,色差superpose重迭parabola抛物线spherical mirror球面镜RMS=Root Mean Square均方根wavefront波阵面spot size光点直径Gaussian quadrature高斯积分rectangular array矩阵列grid size磨粒度PSF=Point Spread Function点扩散函数FFT=Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm 快速傅里叶变换Cross Section横截面Obscurations昏暗local coordinates局部坐标系统vignette把…印为虚光照Arrow key键盘上的箭头键refractive折射reflective反射in phase同相的协调的Ray tracing光线追迹diffraction principles衍射原理order effect式样提出的顺序效果energy distribution能量分配Constructive interference相长干涉dispersive色散的Binary optics二元光学phase advance相位提前achromatic single消色差单透镜diffractive parameter 衍射参数Zoom lenses变焦透镜Athermalized lenses绝热透镜Interferometers干涉计Beam splitter分束器Switchable component systems可开关组件系统common application通用symmetry对称boundary constraint边界约束multi-configuration (MC) MC Editor (MCE) perturbation动乱,动摇index accuracy折射率准确性index homogeneity折射率同种性index distribution折射率分配abbe number离差数Residual剩余的Establishing tolerances建立容差figure of merit质量因子tolerance criteria公差标准Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)调制传递函数boresight视轴，瞄准线Monte Carlo蒙特卡洛Tolerance operands误差操作数conic constant圆锥常数astigmatic aberration像散误差Mechanical tilt机械倾斜，机械倾角Tolerance Data Editor (TDE)公差资料编辑器compensator补偿棱镜estimated system performance预估了的系统性能iteratively反复的，重迭的statistical dependence统计相关性sequential ray trace model 连续光线追迹模型imbed埋葬，埋入multiple多样的，多重的，若干的Non-Sequential Components不连续的组件Corner cube角隅棱镜，三面直角透镜Sensitivity Analysis灵敏度分析Faceted reflector有小面的反射镜emit发射，发出nest嵌套overlap交迭outer lens外透镜brute force强力seidel像差系数aspect ratio长宽比MRA边缘光线角MRH边缘光线高度asynchronous不同时的,异步Apodization factor变迹因子hexapolar六角形dithered高频脉冲衍射调制传递函数（DMTF），衍射实部传递函数（DRTF），衍射虚部传递函数（DITF），衍射相位传递函数（DPTF），方波传递函数（DSWM）logarithmic对数的parity奇偶longitudinal aberrations 纵向像差赛得系数: 球差（SPHA，SI），彗差（COMA，S2），像散（ASTI，S3），场曲（FCUR，S4），畸变（DIST，S5），轴向色差（CLA，CL）和横向色差（CTR，CT）.横向像差系数:横向球差（TSPH），横向弧矢彗差（TSCO），横向子午彗差（TTCO），横向弧矢场曲（TSFC），横向子午场曲（TTFC），横向畸变（TDIS）横向轴上色差（TLAC）。
汽车常用零件英中互译手册
EMBLEM-REAR
11
LID ASSY-SUNROOF,SLIDE
12
FINISHER ASSY-TRUNK LID
13
DOOR SEALING FRONT
14
CENTRAL CONNECTION ELEMENTS
15
GLASS SINGLE PARTS
16
DOOR WINDOW LIFTING MECHANISM
HOODLEDGE-LWR HINGE ASSY-HOOD FASCIA KIT-FRONT BUMPER BUMPER ASSY-BOUND REINFORCE-FRONT BUMPER ENERGY ABSORBER-FRONT BUMPER BRACKET-FRONT BUMPER SIDE FASCIA KIT-REAR BUMPER BRACKET-REAR BUMPER
序号
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ENGLISH VERSION
PART ONE: BODY SHEET METAL BODY ASM HOOD
STAY-HOOD LOCK HOODLEDGE-UPPER
20
DAMPER ASSY-MASS
21
BRACKET-ENGINE MOUNTING
22
BEARING SET-CONNECTING ROD
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BEARING-CONNECTING ROD
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BEARING SET-CRANKSHAFT
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CRANKSHAFT ASSY
光学专业英语词汇总结
Vocabulary 2
Ultraviolet 紫外的 visible 可见的 infrared 红外的 scalar function 标量函数 vector function 矢量函数 wavelength 波长 frequency 频率 Angular frequency 角频率 Radian 弧度
Vocabulary 9
frequency conversion 频率转换 Down conversion 下转换 Parametric process 参量过程 Nonparametric process 非参量过程 Spontaneous Parametric Down conversion 自发参量下转换 quasi-phase match 准相位匹配 Phase mismatch 相位失配
Hologram 全息图 holography 全息术 holographic reconstruction 全息再现 holographic recording 全息记录 volume holography 体全息术 reference wave 参考波 object wave 物波 coherent light 相干光
Hologram vocabulary
Emulsion
感光乳剂 slit 缝
Orthogonal
正交的 monochromatic 单色的
Exposure
曝光
bragg condition
布拉格（布喇格）条件 conjugate 共扼 rainbow hologram 彩虹全息图
Vibrate 振动 Apparatus 器械，仪器 Minimal 最小的 Fluctuation 波动，起伏 illuminate 照明 Transparency 透明物 Planar 平面的 Three-dimensinal 三维的