2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero课后达标检测新人教版必修1

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·湖北四地七校联考)British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media. His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months. Evans is a chemistry professor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology. The 60­year­old always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles(护目镜), and smiles often. Some web users say he looks just like “the Grandp a of KFC”．Evans has posted videos of various experiments. His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on video­sharing apps. Excited children’s cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos.“I hope my experiments can arouse people’s interest in science，” he says.Evans has been interested in China since childhood. In the early 1970s, before the reform and opening­up, he viewed China as “a country full of mysteries”. He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996. Many of his friends thought he was crazy. But Evans said they just saw China’s challenges but not its potential.Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science. He learned sh ort­video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas. And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments. But even a one­minute video requires a considerable amount of work. Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science.His experiments always fill schools’ lecture halls with laughter. Some viewers call him “a Harry Potter­like magician”， but he disagrees.“A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher. He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create change. Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China.【解题导语】文章介绍了一位移居中国的英国化学家戴维·埃文斯在中国通过短视频普及科学知识的事迹。

1．Who is David Evans according to the passage?A．A manager of KFC. B．A film celebrity.C．A chemistry teacher. D．A British magician.C解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句“Evans is a chemistry profes sor at Beijing University of Chemical Technology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大学的一名化学教授，故选C项。

2．What can we learn from paragraph 3?A．Evans considered the U．K. to be a country full of mysteries.B．Evans first visited the Chinese mainland in the 1970s.C．Evans was in no mood to move to Beijing.D．Evans attended a chemistry conference in China in 1987.D解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句“He first visited the Chinese mainland in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.”可知，埃文斯第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年，当时他去江苏省南京市参加了一个化学会议，故选D项。

3．Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet?A．To popularize science.B．To rise to fame.C．To apply short­video apps.D．To make a fortune.A解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段最后一句“Still, he thinks it’s worth it to fulfill his responsibility to po pularize science.”可知，尽管制作一个一分钟的视频都需要相当大的工作量，埃文斯仍然认为履行推广科学的责任是值得的，故选A项。

4．What can we infer from the passage?A．Evans knows exactly how a magic works.B．Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China.C．Evans’ students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter.D．Evans’ friends admired his decision to move to China.B解析：推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句“Evans says he looks forward to more ‘chemical reactions’ with China.”可知，埃文斯期待与中国进行更多的“化学反应”，故可推断出埃文斯将继续在中国发布实验视频，故选B项。

B(2020·成都毕业班摸底)Please take a few seconds and thinkof your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? We ll, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(承认) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social__reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this：163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(承诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.【解题导语】实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。