考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(六)
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(六)The value which society places on work has traditionally been closely associated with the value of individualism and as a result it has had negative effects on the development of social security. (46)It has meant that in the first place the amount of benefits must be small lest people’s willingness to work and support themselves suffers. Even today with flat rate and earnings-related benefits, the total amount of the benefit must always be smaller than the person’s wages for fear of mal ingering. “The purpose of social security,” said Huntford referring to Sweden’s comparatively generous benefits, “is to dispel need without crossing the threshold of prosperity.” Second, social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce the likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the State rather than work. Many of the rules surrounding the payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit are for this purpose. Third, the value placed on work is manifested in a more positive way as in the case of disability. (47) People suffering from accidents incurred at work or from occupational diseases receive preferential treatment by the social security service compared with those suffering from civil accidents and ordinary illnesses.Yet, the stranglehold which work has had on the social security service has been increasingly loosened over the years. The provision of family allowances, family income supplements, the slight liberalization ofthe wages stop are some of the manifestations of this trend. (48)Similarly, the preferential treatment given to occupational disability by the social security service has been increasingly questioned with the demands for the upgrading of benefits for the other types of disability.It is felt that in contemporary industrial societies the distinction between occupational and non-occupational disability is artificial for many non-occupational forms of disability have an industrial origin even if they do not occur directly in the workplace. (49) There is also the additional reason which we mentioned in the argument for one benefit for all one-parent families, that a modern social security service must concentrate on meeting needs irrespective of the cause behind such needs.The relationship between social security and work is not all a one-way affair. (50) It is true that until very recently the general view was that social security “represented a type of luxury and was essentially anti-economic.” It was seen as merely government expendi ture for the needy. As we saw, however, redundancy payments and earnings-related unemployment benefits have been used with some success by employers and the government to reduce workers’opposition towards loss of their jobs.总体分析这是一篇关于社会保障的文章，主要论述社会赋予工作的价值这种观点所带来的后果，并指出虽然社会保障存在一些问题，但是仍有成效可见。
第一段：先提出社会赋予工作的价值在传统上一直与个人主义紧密联系在一起，因此对社会保障的发展产生了负面的影响。
接着具体论述了三点影响。
第二段：转折指出，近年来工作对社会保障的束缚日益松解。
接着作者又提到现代工业社会中工伤和非工伤的区别是虚假的，最后提到单亲家庭的救济理由，即一个现代的社会保障体系必须专注于满足需求，不管这些需求的背后有何原因。
第三段：综述社会保障和工作之间的关系。
并指出看待社会保障的几种观点。
文章是有关社会生活的评论性文章，所用词汇绝大多数为书面用语，句子结构也比较复杂，长句较多。
此外，这篇文章的主题“社会保障”是社会生活中比较常见的话题，所以考生可以结合常识理解。
由此可见，考生平时应该注意一些有关社会文化生活的中英文报道，一方面熟悉常用词汇，一方面积累常识性知识。
文章考核的知识点：(一)状语，包括目的状语从句，分词作状语，介词短语作状语。
(二)定语，包括定语从句，过去分词作定语等。
(三)it 为形式主语的主语从句。
(四)同位语。
试题精解46.[精解] 本题考核知识点：目的状语从句的翻译该句是一个含有lest引导的目的状语从句的复合句。
主句部分又包含了一个that引导的宾语从句。
主句的主语为代词it，考生翻译时应联系上下文找出它所指代的对象，避免产生歧义。
在此句中，it指代的是前文整个句子，可以译为“这种观念”。
Mean字面含义是“表示...的意思”，在这里因为主语译成观念，所以可将mean活译成“认为”与之相搭配。
连词lest引导目的状语从句，按字面意思直译是“以免人们的积极性受到损害”，但是考虑到要突出主语以及具体动作，可依照汉语习惯译成主动句。
词汇：benefit常见含义是“好处，利益”，因为整个文章谈论的是社会保障问题，所以应译成“救济金，保障金”。
in the first place字面意思是“在第一的位置上”，一般译为“首先”。
Willingness原意为“甘愿，自愿”，Suffer意为“受损害，受痛苦”，两个词搭配在一起，译为“积极性受到损害”或“损害积极性”。
47.[精解] 本题考核知识点：现在分词作定语、过去分词作定语、过去分词作状语的译法该句的主干是people … receive preferential treatment。
其中suffering from accidents …or from occupational diseases是现在分词作定语修饰主语people，考生在翻译时可以按照汉语的习惯，将定语放到名词前面。
incurred at work是过去分词作定语，修饰这一词组前的accidents，可意译为“因工受伤”。
compare d with those suffering … 是过去分词结构作状语，翻译时，状语部分可放在句首，译为“与...相比”。
此外，考生应将该部分中those一词所指代的对象译出，以免产生歧义。
联系上下文可得，它是泛指代词，可译为“人们”。
Those 后面的现在分词词组仍然充当定语。
词汇：Occupational diseases“职业病”;preferential treatment“优待”;incur“招致”;social security service社会保障服务;civil“市民的，公民的”，这里与work 相对，译为“个人的”。
48.[精解] 本题考核知识点：被动语态、过去分词作定语、介词短语作状语的译法该句子的主句是被动语态结构the preferential treatment has been questioned。
对被动语态的翻译，可以将其译为“遭受，受到”等。
文章中given to occupational disability by the social security service部分是过去分词短语作定语的结构，修饰主语the treatment。
考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)1．Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.正确答案：虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。
解析：主句为only recently has literature focused on the role of a father；Although…引导让步状语从句：only放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为literature。
知识模块：翻译2．Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.正确答案：电视，这项以更新变革快为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步人一个新时代，一个极为先进尖端和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。
2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)
2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)2023考研英语：翻译模拟题答案(三)Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economistsfocus on the way in which individuals, groups,business enterprises, and gover____ents seek toachieve efficiently any economic objective they select.(1) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.The second field, macroeconomics, deals with modern explanations of national ine and employment.Economic issues have occupied people’s minds throughout the ages. (4) Aristotle and Plato inancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudicedagainst merce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable. The Romans borrowed their economic ideas from the Greeks and showed the same contempt for trade.(5) During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded merce as inferior to agriculture.Economics as a subject of modern study, distinguishable from moral philosophy and politics, dates from the work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), by theScottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith. Mercantilism and physiocracy were precursors of the classical economics of Smith and his 19th-century successors.答案1.其他领域的研究也有助于对此的理解：心理学和伦理学试图解释目的是如何形成的，历史记录着人们所追求的目的的变化，社会学那么从社会环境的角度来解释人们的行为。
2024年考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案
2024年考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案目录CONTENCT •翻译部分概述•词汇与短语翻译技巧•句子结构分析与翻译技巧•长难句理解与翻译实践•篇章理解与翻译实践•模拟试题与参考答案01翻译部分概述考研翻译部分的重要性占总分比例较高翻译部分在考研英语试卷中占比较大，对考生总成绩有重要影响。
考察综合能力翻译不仅要求考生具备扎实的英语语言能力，还需要具备一定的中文表达能力和跨文化交际能力。
区分度较高翻译部分的难度相对较高，能够较好地区分不同水平的考生。
2024年考研翻译部分的题型与分值题型2024年考研翻译部分的题型为英译中，要求考生将一篇英文短文翻译成中文。
分值翻译部分满分为15分，占总分的15%。
历年考研翻译部分的命题趋势题材广泛历年考研翻译部分的题材涉及社会、文化、科技、经济等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识面。
语言难度适中翻译部分的英文原文语言难度适中，不会出现过于生僻的词汇和复杂的句式结构。
重视语言运用和表达能力翻译部分不仅要求考生准确理解英文原文的意思，还要求考生能够用流畅、准确的中文表达出来。
同时，也需要注意语言的地道性和文化背景的准确性。
02词汇与短语翻译技巧80%80%100%常见词汇的翻译方法对于一些常见且易于理解的词汇，可以直接采用直译法，将原文的意思准确地表达出来。
对于一些在目标语言中无法找到对应词汇或直译后意思不准确的情况，可以采用意译法，根据上下文和语境进行灵活翻译。
对于一些具有特定文化背景的词汇或人名地名等，可以采用音译法，将其读音用目标语言的字母表达出来。
直译法意译法音译法保持原文风格转换表达方式解释性翻译短语及习语的翻译策略对于一些在目标语言中无法找到对应表达方式或直译后意思不准确的情况，可以采用转换表达方式的策略，用目标语言中相近的表达方式来替代。
对于一些难以理解或具有特定文化背景的短语和习语，可以采用解释性翻译的策略，在翻译时对其进行解释和说明，以便读者更好地理解。
最新考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析(1)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components.This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (2) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways.Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some recreationand enjoyment outside of the classroom. (3)Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuable in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home.The typical American college’s support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world, This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does not mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree. It remains an entirely optional activity, but (4)it is noted here because Americans have traditionally viewed success in one’s role as a citizen as closely linked to a “well-rounded”life that incorporates a variety of social, athletic, and cultural activities into a person’s experience.A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries. (5) On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where students can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.答案1.如果对美国教育体系的讨论未能涉及许多学院及大学教育中非学术性的、社会的及“课程外”的方面，即其对个性成长的重视，那么这种讨论就不全面。
研究生英语课后翻译答案第6单元答案
After Reading
7) The concept that people are born equal is embodied in the American Constitution.
Practice
Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying special attention to the translation of the words in bold.
1) In today’s global economy firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that make up the manufacturing, commercial and financial processes, bringing about lower costs, better quality and more choices for consumers.
Yes, the author offers two suggestions in order to give globalization a hand: One is countries’ supporting its people in adapting to the market economy; another is the adherence to international cooperation.
综合英语6翻译原题+答案
综合英语6翻译原题+答案Unit 61). 这么多年过去了，现在他仍然抱着她会被他的爱所感动并嫁给他的希望。
(cling to)2). 为了友谊，他选择对约翰的严重错误保持沉默。
(in the name of)3). 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——似乎他根本没资格在那儿。
(impostor)4). 她因滑稽、粗俗和大胆成了美国最出名的电视名人之一。
(profane)5). 一群好奇的旁观者很快聚拢过来看发生了什么事。
(onlooker)6). 再次听到那支曲子使他内心充满了怀旧之情。
(nostalgia)7). 我讨厌不得不在天还没亮时起床。
(detest)8). 地方政府的这项新政策引起了环保组织的强烈抗议。
(provoke)9). 这本书中有好几个优美的描写片段。
(sublime)10). 我察觉到他对安排不大满意，于是预订了另一家旅馆。
(perceive)Keys1). 这么多年过去了，现在他仍然抱着她会被他的爱所感动并嫁给他的希望。
(cling to)→ After so many years he is still clinging to the hope that she will be moved by his love and marry him.cling to: to stick to or fit very tightly on somethinge.g. Gareth's dripping clothes clung to his body.2). 为了友谊，他选择对约翰的严重错误保持沉默。
(in the name of)→He chose to remain silent about John’s serious mistake in the name of friendship.in the name of: representing someone or somethinge.g. They said they came in the name of peace.3). 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——似乎他根本没资格在那儿。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷68(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷68(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)1．I have vet to hear that report.正确答案：我还没有听说那个报道。
涉及知识点：翻译2．You can’t be too careful when you drive a car.正确答案：开车时，越小心越好。
涉及知识点：翻译3．I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.正确答案：我刚一到家，天就下雨了。
涉及知识点：翻译4．It is no more than a beginning.正确答案：这仅仅是个开始。
涉及知识点：翻译5．All is not gold that glitters.正确答案：发光的不一定都是金子。
涉及知识点：翻译6．The situation is not necessarily so.正确答案：情况未必如此。
涉及知识点：翻译7．Everybody doesn’t believe that rumor.正确答案：并非每个人都听信那个谣言。
涉及知识点：翻译8．Nobody in our college knows Italian.正确答案：我们学院没有人懂意大利语。
涉及知识点：翻译9．He is not humorous at all.正确答案：他一点也不幽默。
涉及知识点：翻译10．There is no smoke without fire.正确答案：无风不起浪。
涉及知识点：翻译11．There is no grammatical rule that does not have exceptions.正确答案：凡是语法规则都有例外。
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析(2)
英语翻译硕士MTI模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/30)Vocabulary第1题Those people who are ______ are most welcome to the politicians.A.credulousB.credibleC.incredibleD.unbelievable下一题(2/30)Vocabulary第2题The old lady has developed a ______ cough which cannot be cured completely in as hort time.A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained上一题下一题(3/30)Vocabulary第3题Much as ______, I couldn´t lend him the money because I simply didn´t have that much spare cash.A.I would have liked toB.I would like to haveC.should have to likeD.I should have liked to上一题下一题(4/30)Vocabulary第4题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical ______.A.considerationsB.obligationsC.observationsD.regulations上一题下一题(5/30)Vocabulary第5题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ______ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates上一题下一题(6/30)Vocabulary第6题I won´t see you off at the airport tomorrow, so I will wish you ______.A.have a good journey nowB.a good journey nowC.would have a good journey nowD.to have a good journey now上一题下一题(7/30)Vocabulary第7题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli ______?A.disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression上一题下一题(8/30)Vocabulary第8题The hidden room is ______ only through a secret back entrance.A.obtainableB.achievableC.attainableD.accessible上一题下一题(9/30)Vocabulary第9题Those who support violence on television claim that it helps the viewer to ______ steam and to get rid of his feelings in a harmless way.A.let offsh outC.leave offD.leak out上一题下一题(10/30)Vocabulary第10题We are on the ______ of a new era in European relations.A.thresholdB.adventmencementD.departure上一题下一题(11/30)Vocabulary第11题Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with.Once you ______ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.A.keep up withB.give away withC.go back onD.lose sight of上一题下一题(12/30)Vocabulary第12题Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so ______ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A.vociferouslyB.patrioticallyC.verboselyD.loquaciously上一题下一题(13/30)Vocabulary第13题The ______ company has an excellent reputation-which is understandable, since it´s been in business for twenty years and has thousands of satisfied customers.A.upstartB.senileC.flourishingD.fledgling上一题下一题(14/30)Vocabulary第14题One model is a high-fashion show wore a hat so ______ that it had to be supported with four poles carried by four attendants.A.levyB.volumeC.valorousD.voluminous上一题下一题(15/30)Vocabulary第15题There has been a great deal of ______ surrounding the closure of the hospital.A.discrepancybatC.disparityD.controversy上一题下一题(16/30)Vocabulary第16题The stout fellow over there is ______ the great magician, Charlie Williams, himself.A.no other butB.no one thanC.no other thanD.none other than上一题下一题(17/30)Vocabulary第17题As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A.needn´t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn´t have dressed up上一题下一题(18/30)Vocabulary第18题During the opera´s most famous aria the tempo chosen by the orchestra´s conductor seemed ______, without necessary relation to what had gone before.A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.cautious上一题下一题(19/30)Vocabulary第19题Children and old people do not like having their daily ______ upset.A.habitB.practiceC.routineD.custom上一题下一题(20/30)Vocabulary第20题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about ______.A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally上一题下一题(21/30)Vocabulary第21题Courageous people think quickly and act without ______.A.hesitationplaintC.considerationD.anxiety上一题下一题(22/30)Vocabulary第22题In the preface ______ my book, I express my sincere gratitude to all the teachers and friends who have been of help to me during my three years´ life in the university.A.onB.forC.toD.in上一题下一题(23/30)Vocabulary第23题But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human ______ and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge.A.interactionB.supervisionC.availabilityD.disposition上一题下一题(24/30)Vocabulary第24题At eight o´clock she laid ______ whatever she was doing to tell the children a story before they went to bed.A.awayB.offC.asideD.out of上一题下一题(25/30)Vocabulary第25题Financial institutions will spend huge sums, rolling our nationwide networks in Britain, France, Spain and perhaps in Germany. But the seeds for the most ______ growth will be sown in America, where most banks have been slow to experiment with digital dollars until now.A.spectacularB.splendidC.specifiedD.specialized上一题下一题(26/30)Vocabulary第26题Of all things banish the ______ out of your conversation, and never think of entertaining peoplewith your own personal concerns of private affairs.A.egotismB.selfishnessC.conscienceD.consciousness上一题下一题(27/30)Vocabulary第27题The actor with whom I played the scene ______ for me beautifully, whispering the opening words of each of my lines, as did others in subsequent scenes.A.covered upB.broke upC.made upD.stirred up上一题下一题(28/30)Vocabulary第28题I´m afraid the result of the coming election is a ______ conclusion.A.foregoneB.foreseenC.predictableD.prospective上一题下一题(29/30)Vocabulary第29题As he took his foot off the clutch the ear ______ forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.A.lurchedB.swirledC.staggeredD.wobbled上一题下一题(30/30)Vocabulary第30题He thumbed through the rose ______ to see if there was anything he fancied for his south-facing wall.A.brochureB.catalogueC.pamphletD.booklet上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Reading ComprehensionMen cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as women can. This makes surgery riskier for men. Men also need more oxygen because they do not breathe as often as women. But men breathemore deeply and this exposes them to another risk. When the air is polluted, they draw more of it into their lungs.A more recent and chilling finding is the effect of automobile and truck exhaust fumes on children´s intelligence. These exhaust fumes are the greatest source of lead pollution in cities. Researchers have found thatthe children with the highest concentration of lead in their bodies have the lower scores on intelligence tests and that boys´ score lower than girls. It is possible that these low scores are connected to the deeper breathing that is typical of the male.Men´s bones are larger than women´s and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. Men have broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which enables them to stride out with no waste motion. A woman´s wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of a jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he climbs a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don´t forget that it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman´s thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing awkward for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A man´s skin is thicker than a woman´s and not nearly as soft. The thickness prevents the sun´s radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do.Women also stay cooler in summer. The fat layer helps insulate them against heat. Men´s fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. Forty-one percent of a man´s body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means men have more muscle power. When it comes to strength, almost 90 percent of a man´s weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of woman´s weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound that fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man goes on a diet. the pounds roll off much faster.For all men´s muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women´s nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women in treadmills discovered that over years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percent of what she could do when she was twenty. A man of sixty has 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.第31题The main topic of this passage is about ______.A.the biological differences between men and womenB.the differences in social roles between men and womenC.the differences in living habits between men add womenD.the challenges men and women face from the point of view of biology第32题Men need more oxygen, ______.A.and that makes them have more muscle powerB.because they do not manufacture blood as efficiently as womenC.and there is a risk to draw more polluted air into their lungsD.so their skin is thicker第33题Men are superior to women in the situation of ______.A.resisting coldB.standing hungerC.remaining energetic in old ageD.climbing high第34题From the passage, we can infer that ______.A.boys are less intelligent than girls because they breathe in more leadB.it takes women a shorter time to get hungryC.men have more muscles than fatD.men sweat more than women in summer第35题It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A.women can stay active longer than menB.men like to take risks for biological causesC.women are more careful than menD.men have more strength than women上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Reading ComprehensionIt is not compatible with the egalitarian ideal that there should be sharp differences in the scale of monetary reward for services performed. In New Zealand, care of the underdog has long since been a more important consideration than is the case in very many other countries. Successive governments may claim with some justice to have abolished poverty, but this has not been done without there taking place a narrowing of margins between the rewards for skilled and unskilled labor, with its consequent denialof incentive toacquire skill, to strive for self-improvement. The country´s citizens have come to regard social security as their inalienable right, but by taking too readily for granted the State´s obligation towards themselves they are apt to lose sight of the converse proposition that they themselves have obligations to the State.The reluctance to reward skilled labor at rates calculated to provide an incentive for acquiring skill has its counterpart in the reluctance to remunerate the nations´ best scholars and scientists on a scale sufficient to keep a fair proportion of them at home.The fact is often deplored that so many young men of the highest ability prefer to take up a career overseas, but it is doubtful whether higher salaries would stem their exodus in more than a minor degree. Under any circumstances, regardless of monetary reward, the intellectual litewould be tempted to go abroad in search of a wider field of endeavor than can be found in so small acountry as New Zealand.In a society where great wealth is regarded as antisocial, it is natural that ostentation should be looked at askance. Marks of distinction are liable to be a handicap. For instance, the politician who accepts a title does not usually improve his chances of gaining or retaining office by doing so. Richard Seddon, it will be remembered, consistently and doubtless wisely, refused to accept a knighthood. Wealth carries with it a minimum of prestige; it is a positive disadvantage to theaspirant to a political career. Strongly marked individuality or eccentricity are seldom in evidence among New Zealanders, and even where they do exist, the qualities are tolerated rather than appreciated. The rule of conformity prevails, and if the American writer, Sydney Greenbie, is to be believed, it has already produced a considerable measure of standardization among the inhabitants of the Dominion. "In face and feature, in mind and taste. " writes Greenbie, "the modern New Zealanders are so much alike that it is hard to remember the names of persons you meet casually for lack of distinguishing characteristics to which the eye can cling."Under conditions such as those described above, it is not surprising that no privileged class should have come into existence through long possession of landed estate or other permanent source of income. Nevertheless, the claim that New Zealanders have developed a classless society can scarcely be substantiated. Snobbery, when discouraged in one quarter, is prone to appear in some new form elsewhere. Recent investigations by A. A. Congalton and R. J. Havighurst show that there is a fairly well defined and universal appreciation of the graduated social status attaching to various social occupations. Results of a survey in which a cross section of the public was asked to answer a series of apposite questions showed, for example, that doctors, lawyers, and big businessmen were graded above heads of Government Departments, clergymen, and university professors; that office workers rated higher than shop assistants, miners than wharf laborers, and so on. Incidentally, the investigation also brought to light the fact that may attempt to inquire into the existence of social distinctions within the community invariably roused resentment.A privileged class being also a leisured class, its rejection is in keeping with a deep-seated belief that work has a virtue in its own right, without regard to its usefulness. In pioneer days, when hands were few and subsistence hard to win, it was indeed a crime to remain idle, and the habit of seeing idleness as a vice has endured. At the beginning of the great slump, when Forbes the Prime Minister, shocked at what he had seen of the "dole" during a visit to England, declared that so long as he retained office there would be no payment without work, his words appealed to a moral precept deeply inculcated not only in the minds of reactionaries but of many radicals as well.第36题One result of New Zealand´s effort to abolish poverty is ______.A.sharp differences between the rich and the poorB.the egalitarian ideal becomes incompatibleC.care of the underdog becomes more importantD.skill learning and self-improvement are not desired第37题Some high ability people prefer a career overseas because of ______.A.fierce competition at homeB.higher social status overseasC.more opportunities abroadD.monetary reward at home第38题Which of the following best describes the New Zealand society?.A.ostentationB.eccentricityC.individualityD.conformity第39题New Zealand is not a classless society in that ______.A.snobbery is discouraged everywhere in New ZealandB.people with more wealth seem to enjoy a high social statusC.the difference between the rich and the poor is greatD.New Zealanders don´t have a permanent source of income第40题If people believe that work has a virtue in its own right, they will do all the following EXCEPT ______.A.see idleness as a viceB.try their best not to be idleC.not accept a privileged classD.inquire into social distinctions上一题下一题(41~46/共20题)Reading ComprehensionThe premise with which the multiculturalists begin is unexceptional: that it is important to recognize and to celebrate the wide range of cultures that exist in the United States. In what sounds like a reflection of traditional American pluralism, the multiculturalists argue that we must recognize difference, that difference is legitimate; in its kindlier Versions, multiculturalism represents the discovery on the part of minority groups that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it. And on the campus multiculturalism, defined more locally as the need to recognize cultural variations among students, has tried with some success to talk about how a racially and ethnically diverse student body can enrich everyone´s education.Phillip Green, a political scientist at Smith and a thoughtful proponent of multiculturalism, notes that for a significant portion of the students the politics of identity is all-consuming. Students, he says, "are unhappy with the thin gruel of rationalism. They require a therapeutic curriculum to overcome not straightforward racism but ignorant stereotyping. "But multiculturalism´s hard-liners, who seem to make up the majority of the movement, damn as racism any attempt to draw the myriad of American groups into a common American culture. For these multiculturalists, differences are absolute, irreducible, and intractable-occasions not for understanding but for separation. The multiculturalists, it turns out, is not especially interested in the great American hyphen, in the syncretistic (and therefore naturally tolerant) identities that allow Americans to belong to more than a single culture, to be both particularizes and universalisms.The time-honored American mixture of assimilation and traditional allegiance is denounced as a danger to racial and gender authenticity. This is an extraordinary reversal of the traditional liberal commitment to a "truth" that transcends parochialisms. In the new race/class/gender formation, universality is replaced by, among other things, feminist science Nubian numerals (as part of an A, fro-centric science), and what Marilyn Frankenstein of the University of Massachusetts-Boston describes as "ethno-mathematics," in which the cultural basis of counting comes to the fore.The multiculturalists insist on seeing all perspectives as tainted by the perceiver´s particularpoint of view. Impartial knowledge, they argue, is not possible, because ideas are simply the expression of individual identity, or of the unspoken but inescapable assumptions that are inscribed in a culture or a language. The problem, however, with this warmed-over Nietzscheanism is that it threatens to leave no ground for anybody to stand on, so the multiculturalists make a leap, necessary for their own intellectual survival, and proceed to argue that there are some categories, such as race and gender, that do in fact embody an unmistakable knowledge of oppression. Victims are at least epistemologically lucky. Objectivity is a mask for oppression. And so an appalled former 1960s radical complained to me that self-proclaimed witches were teaching classes on witchcraft. "They´re not teaching students how to think," she said, "they´re telling them what to believe."第41题Which one of the following ideas would multiculturalists NOT believe?A.That we should recognize and celebrate the differences among the many cultures in the United States.B.That we can never know the "truth" because "truth" is always shaped by one´s culture.C.That "difference" is more important than "sameness."D.Those different cultures should work to assimilate themselves into the mainstream culture so that eventually there will be no excuse for racism.第42题According to a hard-line multiculturalists, which one of the following groups is most likely to know the "truth" about political reality?cated people who have learned how to see reality from many different perspectives.B.A minority group that has suffered oppression at the hands of the majority.C.High government officials who have privileged access to secret information.D.Political scientists who have thoroughly studied the problem.第43题The author states that in a "kindlier version" of multiculturalism, minorities discover "that they can play a part in molding the larger culture even as they are molded by it." If no new ethnic groups were incorporated into the American culture for any centuries to come, which one of the following would be the most probable outcome of this "kindlier version"?A.At some point in the future, there would be only one culture with no observable ethnic differences.B.Eventually the dominant culture would overwhelm the minority cultures, which would then lose their ethnic identities.C.The multiplicity of ethnic groups would remain but the characteristics of the different ethnic groups would change.D.The smaller ethnic groups would remain, and they would retain their ethnic heritag第44题The author speaks about the "politics of identity" that Phi]lip Green, a political scientist at Smith, notes is all-consuming for many of the students : considering the subject of the passage, which one of the following best describes what the author means by "the politics of identity"?A.The attempt to discover individual identities through political actionB.The political agenda that aspires to create a new pride of identity for AmericansC.The current obsession for therapy groups that help individuals discover their inner selvesD.The trend among minority students to discover their identities in their ethnic groups rather than in their individuality第45题Which one of the following best describes the attitude of the writer toward the multicultural movement?A.Tolerant. It may have some faults, but it is well-meaning overall.B.Critical. A formerly admirable movement has been taken over by radical intellectuals.C.Disinterested. He seems to be presenting an objective report.D.EnthusiastiＣ. The author embraces the multiculturalists movement and is trying to present it in a favorable light.第46题"Multiculturalists relativism" is the notion that there is no such thing as impartial or objective knowledge. The author seems to be grounding his criticism of this notion on ______.A.the clear evidence that science has indeed discovered "truths" that have been independent of both language and culture.B.the conclusion that relativism leaves one with no clear notions of any one thing that is true.C.the absurdity of claiming that knowledge of oppression is more valid than knowledge of scientific facts.D.the agreement among peoples of all cultures as to certain undeniable truths-e,g., when the sky is clear, day is warmer than night.上一题下一题(47~50/共20题)Reading ComprehensionI expect this course to open my eyes to story material, to unleash my too dormant imagination, to develop that quality utterly lacking in my nature-a sense of form. I do not expect to acquire much technique. I expect to be able to seize upon the significant, reject the trivial. I hope to acquire a greater love for humanity in all its forms.I have long wondered just what my strength was as a writer. I am often filled with tremendous enthusiasm for a subject, yet my writing about it will seem a sorry attempt. Above all, I possess a driving sincerity-that prime virtue of any creative worker. I write only what I believe to be the absolute truth-even if I must ruin the theme in so doing. In this respect I feel far superior to those glib people in my classes who often garner better grades than I do. They are so often pitiful frauds-artificial-insincere. They have a line that works. They do not write from the depths of their hearts. Nothing of theirs was ever horn of pain. Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished product.I write only about people and things that I know thoroughly. Perhaps I have become a mere reporter, not a writer/Yet I feel that this is all my present abilities permit. I will open my eyes in my youth and store this raw, living material. Age may bring the fire that molds experience into artistry.I have a genuine love of nature. It is not the least bit affected, but an integral and powerful part of my life. I know that Cooper is a fraud-that he doesn´t give a true sense of the sublimity of American scenery. I know that Muir and Thoreau and Burroughs speak the truth. I can sense the moods of nature almost instinctively. Ever since I could walk, I have spent as much time as I could in the open. A perception of nature-no matter how delicate, how subtle, how evanescent-remains with me forever.I am influenced too much, perhaps, by natural objects. I seem bound by the very room I´m in. I´ve associated so long with prosaic people that I´ve dwarfed myself spiritually. When I get alone under an open sky where man isn´t too evident-then I´m tremendously exalted and a thousand vivid ideas and sweet visions flood my consciousness.I think that I possess story material in abundance. I have had an unusual upbringing. I was let alone, thank God ! My mother insisted upon two things-that I strive for perfection in whatever I did and that I always try to be a gentleman. I played with Italians, with Russians, Poles, and the "sissies" on Michigan avenue. I was carefully watched, yet allowed to follow my own inclinations.I have seen a good deal of life that would never have been revealed to an older person. Up to the time I came to college then I had seen humanity in diverse forms. Now I´m cramped and unhappy.I don´t feel that these idiotic adolescents are worth writing about. In the summer, I turn animal and work for a few weeks in a factory. Then I´m happy.My literary achievements have been insignificant. At fourteen, I made a speech which was translated into twenty-six languages and used as Red Cross propaganda. When I was younger, it seemed that everything I wrote was eminently successful. I always won a prize when I entered an es- say contest. In college, I´ve been able to get only one "A" in four rhetoric courses. I feel this keenly. If I can´t write, what can I do? I wonder.When I was a freshman, I told Carlton Wells that I knew I could write whether he thought so or not. On my next theme he wrote "You can Write!" How I have cherished that praise!It is bad form to talk about grades. I know. If I don´t get an "A" in this course, it wouldn´t be because I haven´t tried. I´ve made a slow start. I´m going to spend Christmas vacation writing. A "B" symbolizes defeat to me. I´ve been beaten too often. I do wish that we were allowed to keep our stories until we felt that we had worked them into the best possible form.I do not have the divine urge to write. There seems to be something surging within, -a profound undercurrent of emotion. Yet there is none of that fertility of creation which distinguishes the real writer.Nevertheless, I have faith in myself. I´m either going to be a good writer or a poor fool.第47题There are a number of paradoxical statements in the author´s self-analysis. Identify two of them and explain.______第48题The author says "Many an incoherent yet sincere piece of writing has outlived the polished products." (Paragraph 2)Explain and comment on the idea._____第49题What things and people are regarded by the author to be the proper material for his writing? Explain._____第50题Does the author think of himself as a talented writer? Why or why not?_____上一题下一题(1/1)Writing第51题Read the following quote and write an article of about 400 words long for a newspaper to argue for or against the author´s opinion.We shall live to see the day, I trust, when no man shall build his house for posterity. He might just。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。