真题要点归纳(主谓一致)

2.主谓一致
• 10. 以-ings 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 • 这类名词作主语谓语通常用复数。 • 这类名词有：earrings, surroundings, findings, winnings, savings, belongings, lodgings, tidings 等。如： • Their earrings come to 1000 yuan a month. • The happy tidings were brought to her last week. •
2.主谓一致
• 5. 名词+介词（或分词）短语作主语 • 如主语是单数， 尽管后面有with, together with, as well as , no less than, like, but, except, rather than, combined with 等引起 的短语，谓语动词仍用单数。如： • An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in his work.
8. 主语一致的补充说明
• 14. 主语一致的补充说明 • C) one of…和the (only) one of…结构的主谓一致 “one of…” 结构后如果有定语从句，其中的动词通常采用 复数形式，因为此时关系代词的先行词是 of 之后那个复 数名词或代词而不是one。而“the (only) one of…”后的 定语从句中的动词只用单数形式，因为此时关系代词的先 行词是the (only) one, 而不是of 后的复数名词和代词。 如： He is one of those students who speak perfect English. He is the only one of those students who speaks Perfect English.
2.主谓一致
• 9. 代词作主语时 主谓一致 • 如：half, all, most, plenty (of), some, the remainder (of), the rest (of), the majority (of) 等 代词作主语时，根据 “ 意义一致 ”原则决定谓 语的单复数。如： • Half of the workers have left for home. • Half of the milk has been left in the bottle. • The rest of the books were distributed to the students • The rest of the book is quite boring, I’m afraid.
2.主谓一致
• 3）就近原则：谓语动词的人称和数与最近 的主语的人称和数保持一致。如： • Either my brothers or my father is coming. • Not only he but also I am to be responsible for the error.
2.主谓一致
• 13. 两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主 语，如主语表两件事，动词用复数 • What they say and what they does are always different. • When they will leave for London and how they will go have not been decided yet.
2.主谓一致
• 11. 表示时间、距离，重金或金额的复数名词作 主语时的主谓一致 • 如果复数名词被视为整体时， 则在意义上是单数， 谓语用单数。 如： Two hours is the limit of this test. Twenty acres is a lot to plow. 如果复数名词作为一个一个的单位计算， 这个数字 的复数性很明显，谓语用复数形式。如： Two pounds are more than he can afford. Twenty acres are ready for him to plow.
1.有关“and”
“ and” 除了表示“并列，递进，顺承，目的，结果”外， 可以连接两个意义互为对照的分句。此时”and= but”例如： 1) I meant to buy some tea yesterday and I forgot. 2) He tried hard and he failed.
2.主谓一致
• 14. 主语一致的补充说明 A）单数名词前有many a, each, every, more than one 等修饰，这时谓语动词必须用单数。如： • Each man and each woman is asked to help. • Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film. • More than one person is injured in the accident.
2.主谓一致
• 6. and 连接的两个并列名词作主语： • 如两者同指一个人、物或概念时，谓语动 词用单数。如分别表示不同的人、物或概 念时（这时两个名词前通常各有限定词）， 谓语动词用复数。如： • Bread and butter is a good breakfast. • Bread and butter are completely different things.
2.主谓一致
• 2. 集体名词作主语：cattle， poultry, people, folk, police 等。如： • The police were trying hard to catch the escaped prisoner. • The cattle were grazing on the meadow. • 3. 既可以作单数又可以作复数的集体名词作主语：如： audience, class, public, staff, team, government, couple, board, army, family, committee, crowd, jury 。此类词要 根据意义一致的原则来决定谓语动词的单复数。如将名词 表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。如果意义侧重 在组成的集体的成员上，谓语动词用复数。如：
2.主谓一致
• 8. 非限定动词作主语时的主谓一致 • 两个非限定动词（两个动名词或两个不定式）由 and 连接作并列主语，表单一概念，谓语用单数； 表不同概念，谓语用复数。如： • To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. • To try and fail is better than not to try at all. • Skating and skiing are two interesting sports.
2.主谓一致
• 14. 主语一致的补充说明 • B) “there be” 结构的主谓一致： • 在此结构中，遵循 “就近原则”。谓语的 单、复数由紧跟在be 后面的名词的单复数 决定。 • 如 There are some old magazines and a football under the bed. • There is a football and some old magazines under the bed.
2.主谓一致
• The furniture in the house matches the color of the walls. • All the machinery in the factory is made in the United States. • 4. 表示科学、游戏或疾病的名词作主语， 谓语用单数。如： • Politics is the art or science of government. • Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
2.主谓一致
• The singer and dancer was to be present to our party. • The singer and the dancer were to be present at our party.
2.主谓一致
• 7.关联连词引导并列成分作主语时的一致 • 用or,…either…or…,not only…but also…,neither… nor...等连词引导的并列主 语， 根据就近原则。如： • Either her father or her mother is very kind to her. • Not only the students but also their teacher has arrived.
2.主谓一致
• The government has imposed ban on demonstrations. • The government have discussed the matter for a long time. • 通常只作不可数名词的集体名词作主语是， 如： furniture, equipment, machinery, foliage, merchandise 等作主语，谓语用单 数。如：
Байду номын сангаас
2.主谓一致
• 三原则： • 1）语法一致：主语为单数，谓语为单数; • 主语为复数，谓语为复数 • 2）意义一致： 如：主语在语法形式上为单 数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数；反之亦 然。如： • The family were having their dinner at the table. • Fifteen minutes is a short period of time.
2.主谓一致
• 12. 名词性分句作主语时主谓一致 • 当how, when, where, why, what 等引导 的名词性分句作主语时，动词相应用单数。 如：How the prisoner escaped from the jail is still a mystery. • When they will leave for London has not been decided yet. • What they do has nothing to do with what they say.