挪威海洋工程标准2汇总
211127350_挪威船级社CLEAN(DESIGN)_的标准要求及其在集装箱船轮机设计上的应用
挪威船级社ＣＬＥＡＮ（ＤＥＳＩＧＮ）的标准要求及其 在集装箱船轮机设计上的应用姚 飞１ 董 越１ 李 华２ 段玉龙１ 马天帅３（１． 中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院 上海 ２０００１１； ２． 中国船级社江苏分社 南京 ２１００１１； ３． 海装装备项目管理中心 北京 １０００７１）摘 要：…随着海洋环境保护的要求日益严格，各主要船级社均提出了自己的环保船级符号。
DNVGL的CLEAN…（DESIGN）…附加符号为船舶的设计、操作和设备设定相关要求，以减少排放到空气中和海洋中以及从船舶运送到岸上的有害物质对环境的影响。
CLEAN（DESIGN）是DNVGL规范中较为严格的环保符号，在近几年的集装箱船设计中鲜有应用。
某型双燃料集装箱船是取得CLEAN（DESIGN）符号的绿色船舶，在研发过程中突破了一系列设计要点，包括机舱液舱布置、生活污水处理、燃油舱保护等，达到了集装箱运输船绿色环保的新高度。
该文系统总结了CLEAN（DESIGN）符号对集装箱船轮机设计的要求，研究了该符号对集装箱运输船轮机设计的影响，结合实际项目展示了实船的设计思路和方案，提出了进一步提升集装箱运输船绿色环保水平的措施。
关键词：集装箱船；船级符号；CLEAN（DESIGN）；轮机设计中图分类号：U662.1；U674.13+1………文献标志码：A………DOI：10.19423/ki.31-1561/u.2023.02.088 Standard Requirements of DNVGL CLEAN（DESIGN）and Application in Machinery Design for Container Vessel YAO Fei1 DONG Yue1 LI Hua2 DUAN Yulong1 MA Tianshuai3(1. Marine Design & Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China；…2. China Classification Society Jiangsu Branch, Nanjing 210011, China；…3. Marine Equipment Project Management Center, Beijing 100071, China)Abstract: With the increasingly stringent requirements of marine environmental protection, all major classification societies have proposed their own environmental protection class notations. Among them, the additional class notation of DNVGL CLEAN（DESIGN）additional notation sets requirements for the design, operation and equipment of ships to reduce the ship’s environmental impact from air emissions, sea discharges and hazardous materials from ship to shore. The environmental notation CLEAN（DESIGN）is quite stringent in the DNVGL rules, which is rarely used in the design of container vessels in recent years. A dual-fuel container vessel is a green ship that has the notation CLEAN（DESIGN）. In the process of research and development, the container vessel has broken through a series of design essentials, such as the arrangement of engine room and liquid tanks, sewage treatment and fuel tank protection, reaching a new level of green environmental protection for container vessels. This article systematically summarizes the requirements of CLEAN（DESIGN）notation for the machinery design of container vessels, and studies the influence of this notation on the machinery design of container vessels.收稿日期：2022-09-01；修回日期：…2022-09-27作者简介：姚…………飞（1993-），男，硕士，助理工程师。
挪威船级社近海箱标准DNV 2-7-1讲解
STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATIONNo. 2.7-1 OFFSHORE CONTAINERSAPRIL 2006D ET N ORSKE V ERITASFOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.Standards for CertificationStandards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and prac-tical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standards for Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to clas-sification.A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the ”Rules for Classification of Ships” and the ”Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft”.The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current “Classification Services – Publications” issued by the Soci-ety, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Society’s Web site .Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site © Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske VeritasIf any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.April 2006IntroductionThis Standard for Certification was first published in May, 1989 as "DNV Certification note 2.7-1 Offshore Freight Con-tainers". It was prepared because other regulations at the time, whether international codes, national requirements or rules published by Det Norske Veritas, did not specifically cover offshore containers. A revised Certification Note was issued in May 1995. The basic strength and design requirements from the original edition were retained.Many other standards, codes and regulations exist for contain-ers, container-like units and related types of equipment. Inter-national standards, codes and regulations considered relevant have been taken into account when preparing this Standard for Certification. The most important of these are IMO's circular MSC/Circ.860 and EN 12079. In 1991 the European Commit-tee for Standardisation, CEN, started developing a European Standard (EN) on offshore containers. Technical committee CEN TC 280 prepared EN 12079, which was issued in 1999, and a revised edition will be issued in 2006. The requirements for design, testing and production of offshore containers in EN 12079 are directly based on DNV Standard for Certification 2.7-1. The relationship between this Standard for Certification and other standards, codes and regulations is outlined in sub-chapter 1.2.The Standard for Certification is concerned with certification of all types of offshore containers as transport units. The three typical phases of transport are: shoreside (e.g. by fork lift truck), by supply vessel and lifting to and from offshore instal-lations. The Standard for Certification includes design require-ments related to all three phases.Under conditions in which offshore containers are often trans-ported and handled, the "normal" rate of wear and tear is high, and damage necessitating repair will occur. However, contain-ers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certi-fication should have sufficient strength to withstand the normal forces encountered in offshore operations, and not suf-fer complete failure even if subject to more extreme loads.Changes in the 2006 editionThe Standard for Certification has been extensively revised, with changes in all sections. However, the basic design and strength requirements have not been changed, with the excep-tion of lifting sets. Detailed requirements, interpretations and guidances have been added throughout the standard and in the new appendices. Some requirements have been changed to align with the new EN 12079. New material requirements have been introduced for offshore containers that will only be certified for use in temperate climates. Many editorial changes have been made and the Appendices have been renumbered.The most important changes are:—Section 1 has been extended to include detailed references to other container standards and regulations.—The requirements for materials have been taken out of the design section and moved to a separate Section 3.—In the design section (now Section 4) there are several changes and additions, including protection on the top of open containers, allowable stresses in aluminium, clear-ances in padeye holes, requirements for fork pockets, test-ing of long containers with fork lift, and many additional guidances and notes.—In Section 5 (Production) detailed requirements for NDE have been added and the amount of production testing has been reduced.—Section 8 for lifting sets has been extensively revised. Ref-erence standards have been added, a new calculation method has been introduced, detailed requirements for sling and component certificates have been added and the marking tags on lifting slings have been revised.—In Section 9 the schedule for period examination and tests have been changed.— A new Appendix C has been added with guidelines and examples on strength calculations.— A new appendix D has been added with guidance on de-sign and calculations of padeyes.—Appendix E on calculations of lifting sets has been greatly extended.—IMO's circular on offshore containers, MSC/Circ. 860 has been added at Appendix I.—Existing Annexes 1 and 2 will now be included in the same booklet as the rest of the standard.— A new Annex 3 concerning containers for temperate cli-mates has been introduced. Containers certified to Annex3 have higher design temperature than required by the main requirements of this Standard for Certification, but are otherwise identical to standard offshore containers.Consequences:—Existing offshore containers that DNV have been certified according to previous versions of Standard for Certifica-tion 2.7-1 will also comply with the new standard. Re-cer-tification is generally not deemed necessary. However, on some containers the new requirements for lifting sets in Section 8 may give higher requirements for slings and or shackles.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will comply with the requirements of MSC/Circ.860.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will also comply with the requirements in the new EN12079 parts 1 and 2, and certification to this standard can be in-cluded at no extra cost.April 2006April 2006CONTENTS1.GENERAL (8)1.1Scope (8)1.2Relationship with other standards, codes andregulations (8)1.2.1The International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)1.2.2ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) (8)1.2.3European Standard EN 12079 (8)1.2.4Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore servicecontainers (8)1.2.5Units for transportation offshore (8)1.2.6Regulations for Lifting Appliances (9)1.3National authorities (9)1.4Definitions (9)1.4.1Offshore container (9)1.4.2Freight container (9)1.4.3Units for transportation offshore (9)1.4.4Permanent equipment (9)1.4.5Primary Structure (9)1.4.6Secondary Structure (10)1.4.7Prototype (10)1.4.8Owner (10)1.4.9Lifting set (10)1.4.10Assembly secured shackle (10)1.5List of symbols (10)2.APPROVAL AND CERTIFICATIONPROCEDURES (10)2.1General (10)2.2Approval (11)2.2.1Approval Schemes (11)2.2.2Approval to other standards (11)2.2.3Documents for approval and information (11)2.2.4Design Review (11)2.3Certification (11)2.3.1Survey and certification (11)2.3.2Testing and inspection (12)2.4Certification of existing containers (12)2.5Maintenance of certificate (12)2.6Summary of procedures (12)2.6.1Procedure for individual (case-by-case) approval andcertification (12)2.6.2Procedure for type approval and certification (12)2.6.3Procedure for design assessment for type approval andcertification (12)3.MATERIALS (13)3.1Steel (13)3.1.1General (13)3.1.2Rolled, forged and cast steels in offshore containerstructures (13)3.2Aluminium (14)3.3Non-metallic materials (14)3.4Material certificates (14)4.DESIGN (14)4.1General (14)4.1.1Structural design (15)4.1.2Stability against tipping (15)4.1.3Protruding parts and top protection (15)4.1.4Design temperature (15)4.2 Structural strength (15)4.2.1Allowable stresses (15)4.2.2Load distribution (16)4.2.3Lifting loads (16)4.2.4Impact loads (16)4.2.5Minimum material thickness............................................174.3Welding (17)4.3.1Welding of padeyes (17)4.3.2Welding of other primary structure (17)4.4Design Details (17)4.4.1Padeyes (17)4.4.2Intermediate cargo decks (17)4.4.3Stacking and stacking fittings (18)4.4.4ISO-corner fittings (18)4.4.5Floor (18)4.4.6Fork lift pockets (18)4.4.7Container walls (18)4.4.8Doors and hatches (18)4.4.9Internal securing points (18)4.4.10Tugger points (19)4.4.11Equipment (19)4.4.12Coating and corrosion protection (19)4.5Tank containers and bulk containers (19)4.5.1Tank containers (19)4.5.2Tank containers for dangerous goods (19)4.5.3Containers for bulk solids (19)4.5.4Bulk Containers for solid dangerous goods (20)4.6Prototype testing (20)4.6.1Introduction (20)4.6.2Test equipment and calibration (20)4.6.3Lifting tests (20)4.6.4Vertical impact test (21)4.6.5Other tests (21)5.PRODUCTION (21)5.1General (21)5.2Primary structure (21)5.2.1Approved Welders (21)5.2.2Welding procedures (22)5.2.3Inspection of welds (22)5.2.4NDE procedures and NDE operators (22)5.3Secondary structure (22)5.4Production testing (22)5.4.1Lifting test (22)5.4.2Weatherproofness testing (23)5.5Production documentation (23)5.6Inspection and certification (23)6.MARKING (23)6.1Safety marking (23)6.2Identification and Certification Markings (24)6.3Information Markings (24)6.4Marking of Lifting Set (24)6.5Other Marking (24)7.PLATING OF CONTAINERS (24)7.1General (24)7.2Data Plate (24)7.3Inspection plate (25)8.LIFTING SETS (25)8.1General requirements (25)8.2Approval and certification of lifting sets (25)8.3Design of lifting sets (25)8.3.1Dimensions and Strength of Lifting Sets (26)8.3.2Lifting set components (27)8.4Materials (27)8.5Certificates for lifting sets and components (28)8.5.1Sling certificates (28)April 20068.5.2Component certificates (28)8.6Marking of lifting sets (28)9.PERIODIC EXAMINATION, TESTS ANDREPAIRS (29)9.1General (29)9.2Inspection, test and repairs on containers (29)9.2.1Schedule of examination and tests (29)9.2.2Visual inspection (29)9.2.3Non-destructive testing (30)9.2.4Repairs and modifications of containers (30)9.2.5Marking of the inspection plate (30)9.3Inspection, test and repairs on lifting sets (30)9.3.1Schedule of examination and tests (30)9.3.2Load testing of chain sling legs (30)9.3.3Non-destructive examination of sling components exceptwire rope legs (30)9.3.4Visual inspection of the lifting set (30)9.3.5Chain and wire rope slings and components (30)9.3.6Shackles (31)9.3.7Marking of the lifting set tag (31)9.4Inspection, test and repairs on tank containers 31 9.5Inspection reports (31)APP. ALIST OF REFERENCES (32)APP. BEXAMPLE OF OFFSHORE CONTAINER (34)APP. CGUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES ON STRENGTH CALCULATIONS (35)APP. DDESIGN OF PADEYE (37)APP. ECALCULATIONS OF LIFTING SETS (38)APP. FEXAMPLE OF DROP TEST (42)APP. GCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER (43)APP. HDNV EMBLEM FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (45)APP. IMSC/CIRC.860 (46)APP. JCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER LIFTING SLINGS – EXAMPLE (51)APP. KCERTIFICATE FOR LIFTING SET COMPONENTS* FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS – EXAMPLE (52)ANNEX 1TYPE APPROVAL OF LIFTING SETS FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS ...................................531.INTRODUCTION.. (53)2.SCOPE (53)3.GENERAL (53)3.1Documentation to be submitted (53)3.1.1Documentation for type approval of lifting slings (53)3.1.2Documentation for type approval of lifting setcomponents (53)3.1.3General documentation from the manufacturer (53)3.2Validity (53)3.3Renewal (53)4.DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (54)5.MATERIALS AND MATERIAL TESTING (54)6.PROTOTYPE TESTING (54)7.MARKING AND TRACEABILITY (54)8.REQUIREMENTS RELATED TOMANUFACTURERS (54)9.TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (54)10.PRODUCTION AND CERTIFICATION (55)10.1Production testing (55)10.2Lifting set certificate (55)10.3Certificates for Lifting Set Components (55)ANNEX 2APPROVAL PROGRAMME FOR TEST FACILITIES ENGAGED IN LOAD TESTING AND NDT INSPECTION OF OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (56)1.GENERAL (56)1.1Scope (56)1.2Objective (56)1.3Extent of engagement (56)1.4Validity (56)2.REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPLIER (56)2.1Submission of documents (56)2.2Quality assurance system (56)2.3Qualification of personnel (56)2.4Supervisor (57)2.5Operators (57)2.6Personnel records (57)2.7Equipment (57)2.8Procedures and instructions (57)2.8.1Lifting tests (57)2.8.2Vertical impact test (57)2.8.3Other tests (58)2.8.4Non-destructive examination (58)2.9Administrative procedures (58)2.10Verification (58)2.11Sub-contractors (58)2.12Reporting (58)2.12.1Contents of reports: (58)2.12.2Prototype or production tests (58)2.12.3Tests on existing containers (58)April 20063.REPAIRS ON CONTAINERS IDENTIFIED ASA RESULT OF LOAD TESTS AND OR NDT. 583.1General (58)4.APPROVAL PROCEDURES (58)4.1Review of documentation (58)4.2Initial audit (58)4.3Special procedures related to control of supplier'srelationship with the parent company (58)4.4Certificate of approval (59)4.5Renewal of approval (59)RMATION ON ALTERATION TO THECERTIFIED SERVICEOPERATION SYSTEM (59)5.1Alteration...............................................................596.CANCELLATION OF THE CERTIFICATE OFAPPROVAL (59)6.1Right to cancel (59)6.2Information (59)6.3Re-approval (59)7.REFERENCES (59)ANNEX 3OFFSHORE CONTAINERS FOR USE IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES ONLY (60)1.INTRODUCTION (60)2.AREA (60)3.DESIGN TEMPERATURE (60)4.MARKING (60)5.DATA PLATE (60)April 20061. General1.1 ScopeThis Standard for Certification applies for transport related re-quirements for offshore containers with respect to design, manufacture, testing, certification, marking and periodic in-spection.The Standard for Certification covers the container structure and any permanent equipment for handling, filling, emptying, refrigerating, heating and safety purposes.The intention is that offshore containers shall meet the follow-ing requirements:—Be safe in use with regard to:—lives—environment—hazard to the vessel/installationBe suitable for repeated use through choice of:—material—protection—ease of repair and maintenance.The requirements in this Standard for Certification are based on a number of assumptions regarding the handling and oper-ation of offshore containers:—They are lifted individually by crane hook attached to top link of lifting set—They are not lifted by spreaders or using ISO container fit-tings—They can be lifted anywhere (world wide) by any crane with sufficient capacity and speed—For containers only approved for limited operation area (Temperate Climate) see Annex 3—They are only stacked if they are designed for this.—They are stacked only onshore or on offshore installations.Not to be stacked during transport on ships.—Cargo or loose installations are properly secured in the container.—The container is designed to give adequate protection to its cargo or to installations inside.—They are handled according to IMO’s “Code of safe prac-tice for supply vessels”.—Handling and operation is in accordance with local regula-tions.The Society may approve alternative solutions that are found to represent an overall safety standard equivalent to the re-quirements in this Standard for Certification. Such approval may be revoked if subsequent information indicates that the chosen alternative is not satisfactory.When the word "container" is used throughout the Standard for Certification, it means an offshore container.Use of the word “shall” implies a mandatory requirement when seeking the Society’s approval. Use of the word “should” im-plies a recommended approach, where comparable solution may also be acceptable.The passages throughout this Standard for Certification marked "Guidance" and “Note” are not to be taken as require-ments by Det Norske Veritas. Such Guidance and Notes are in-tended as practical advice and information for the designer, manufacturer or operator.This Standard for Certification often refers directly to various standards (EN, ISO etc.), or to “other recognised standard”. Recognised standard means a standard found acceptable by the Society.1.2 Relationship with other standards, codes and regulations1.2.1 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMO has issued both the International Convention for Safe Containers, CSC, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods code, IMDG. Both of these are mandatory international regulations. IMO has recognised that the CSC convention is not directly applicable for offshore containers that are handled in open seas, and has issued a circular (MSC/Circ.860) with guidelines on certification of offshore containers. The IMDG code also requires that containers and portable tanks that are handled in open seas should be certified for this purpose. Containers certified to this Standard for Certification also comply with MSC/Circ.860, and this will be referenced in the certificates. The circular is reproduced at Appendix I.IMO has also issued the Code of safe practice for the carriage of cargoes and persons by offshore supply vessels (OSV code) which includes guidelines for handling, stowage and securing of cargoes.1.2.2 ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) Containers that are intended for sea transport on container ships are normally designed according to an applicable part of ISO 1496. Containers that are certified to CSC are in general also designed as ISO containers.Offshore containers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certification can also be designed and certified according to CSC And ISO 1496.1.2.3 European Standard EN 12079(At date of writing: new version only available as prEN 12079) The European Standard EN 12079 “Offshore containers and associated lifting sets” consists of 3 parts, see Table 1-1.Offshore Containers and lifting sets certified to this Standard for Certification also comply fully with prEN12079 parts 1 and 2 respectively, and this may be referenced in the certificates.1.2.4 Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore service containersWhen an offshore container is designed and equipped to be placed onboard a fixed or floating offshore installation to per-form specific services, it may be subject to regulations apply-ing on the installation and to the area where it is placed. Standard for Certification 2.7-2 “Offshore Service Containers”covers containers designed for such requirements.1.2.5 Units for transportation offshoreMany portable units intended for offshore use are not contain-ers as defined in this Standard for Certification. However, there is often a need for verification and certification of such units. DNV has therefore prepared a new Standard for Certifi-cation 2.7-3 for Portable Offshore Units with requirements for design, manufacture, testing etc. for portable units up to 50 000 kg.Offshore Units certified to that Standard for Certification are not intended to carry cargoes as their primary function, but Table 1-1EN 12079part:Title Equivalent sections inStandard forCertification 2.7-1Part 1Offshore containers –design, manufacture andmarkingSec. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7Part 2Lifting sets – Design,manufacture and markingSec. 8Part 3Periodic inspection,examination and testingSec. 9April 2006may carry loose equipment that is related to their intended service.The main difference between Offshore containers and “Units for transportation offshore” is: For such units, their fitness for use must be assessed for each design type, and may have to be considered for each transport event. Operational restrictions may be given in the certificate, or it may be required that the operator evaluate their suitability for each event.1.2.6 Regulations for Lifting AppliancesOffshore containers are not lifting equipment as defined by ILO, by the European Community’s Machinery Directive or by DNV’s Rules for Certification of Lifting Appliances. In-stead they are considered to be cargo units as defined in these codes and directives.However, requirements from these regulations and standards have been taken into account in the requirements in this Stand-ard for Certification, e.g. in the intervals for periodic surveys.1.3 National authoritiesIn cases where National Authorities have stricter requirements than this Standard for Certification, these may be incorporated in the certification procedures.Note:Some National Authorities may consider offshore containers to be lifting equipment.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4 Definitions1.4.1 Offshore containerAn offshore container is a portable unit with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, for repeated use in the transport of goods or equipment, handled in open seas, to, from or be-tween fixed and/or floating installations and ships.An offshore container comprises permanently installed equip-ment, see 1.4.4.Note:Other permanent or loose equipment will not be covered by the certification unless specially agreed. However, supporting struc-ture for heavy equipment, machinery, etc. will be approved ac-cording to 4.4.11.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Offshore containers are also defined by the requirements throughout this Standard for Certification. Refer to definitions of primary and secondary structure below and in 4.1.Units for offshore lifting that are intended for installation and not for repeated transport are not considered to be containers. Likewise, units that do not have an outer framework with padeyes are not considered to be containers. Hence, these units are not covered by Standard for Certification 2.7-1. (See how-ever the definition of waste skip in 1.2.2.) Many such portable units may be eligible for certification according to DNV’s Standard for Certification for Portable Offshore Units1. Offshore containers may be divided into 3 main categories: a)Offshore freight container:Offshore container built for the transport of goods. Exam-ples of offshore freight containers:—general cargo container: a closed container with doors —cargo basket: an open top container for general or spe-cial cargo (e.g. pipes, risers)—tank container: a container for transport of dangerous or non-dangerous fluids—bulk container; container for transport of solids in bulk—special container; container for transport of special cargo (e.g. garbage compactors, equipment boxes,bottle racks).b)Offshore service container:Offshore container built and equipped for a special service task, mainly as temporary installation. (Examples are, lab-oratories, workshop, stores, power plants, control stations, wireline units).c)Offshore waste skipAn open or closed offshore container used for the storage and removal of waste. Normally constructed from flat steel plates forming the load bearing sections of the con-tainer, bracing in the form of steel profiles, e.g. channel or hollow section, being fitted horizontally around sides and ends. Waste skips may be open or have loose or hinged coversIn addition to the pad eyes for the lifting set these contain-ers may also have side mounted lugs suitable for attach-ment of the lifting equipment mounted on a skip lift vehicle.1.4.2 Freight containerRe-usable transport container, used for international traffic and designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport (including marine) without intermediate re-loading. See DNV "Rules for Certification of Freight Contain-ers, 1981". Also known as CSC Containers or ISO Containers.1.4.3 Units for transportation offshorePortable unit or package with a maximum gross mass not ex-ceeding 50 000 kg, for repeated or single use with a primary service function, handled in open seas, to, from or between fixed and/or floating offshore installations and ships. Units of this type are not considered to be offshore containers.1.4.4 Permanent equipmentEquipment that is attached to the container and which is not cargo.Note:May include lifting sets, additional fittings for handling and se-curing, filling, emptying, cooling and heating, intermediate decks, securing points, garbage compactors, etc.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4.5 Primary StructureLoad carrying and supporting frames and load carrying panels. Primary structure includes the following structural compo-nents:—Load carrying and supporting frames—Load carrying panels (floor, ‘tweendecks)—Fork lift pockets—Pad eyes—Supporting structures for tanks—Supports for heavy equipment—Corner/knee brackets.Primary structure is divided into two sub-groups:a)Essential and non-redundant primary structure are themain structural elements which transfer the resulting cargo load to the crane hook or fork lift truck (i.e. forming the load path from the payload to the lifting sling), and will at least include:—top and bottom side rails—top and bottom end rails—corner posts—pad eyesApril 2006—fork lift pockets.Other primary structure may also be considered essential and or non-redundant.b)Non-essential primary structure are e.g. floor plates andother structural elements for which the main function is other than described in a). Deflector plates, stacking fit-tings and end plates on hollow section are considered to be in this category. This sub-group also includes protective frame members.Side and roof panels (including corrugated panels) are not con-sidered to be part of the primary structure and shall not be tak-en into account when evaluating the strength of the container. For waste skips the requirements in 4.1.1 apply.1.4.6 Secondary StructureParts that are not considered as load carrying for the purposes of the design calculations. Secondary structure includes the following components:—Doors, wall and roof panels, covers on skids—Panel stiffeners and corrugations—Structural components used for tank protection only —Internal securing points1.4.7 PrototypeAn equipment item, considered to be representative for the production and the product to be approved, used for prototype testing. The prototype may either be manufactured especially for type testing or selected at random from a production series. If manufactured specially, it is expected that the tools and the production process are comparable to those to be used for sub-sequent production.1.4.8 OwnerThe legal owner of the offshore container or a delegated nom-inee.1.4.9 Lifting setItems of integrated lifting equipment used to connect the off-shore container to the lifting appliance. This can comprise sin-gle or multi leg slings (with or without a top leg) and shackles, whether assembly secured or not.1.4.10 Assembly secured shackleShackle fitted to a sling leg and secured by a seal or similar de-vice, so as to signal, unambiguously, whether or not the shack-le has been exchanged.Note 1:Shackles that are captive in the thimbles are also considered as assembly secured.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:Shackles that are assembly secured, i.e. can not be separated from the lifting sling, are considered to be part of the lifting sling.See 9.3.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.5 List of symbolsR=Rating or maximum gross mass of the offshore con-tainer including permanent equipment and its cargo,in kg; but excluding the lifting setNote:The mass of the lifting set is not included in R because the lifting set is often not available at the time of certification and because it may be replaced during the lifetime of the container.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---T=Tare mass. Mass of the empty container including any permanent equipment but excluding cargo andlifting set, in kg;P=Payload. The maximum permissible mass of cargo which may safely be transported by the container, inkg. (P = R-T)S =The mass of the lifting setF =Design load, in NL =Length of container, in mmR e=Specified minimum yield stress at room tempera-ture, in N/mm2.R m=Specified minimum tensile strength at room tem-perature, in N/mm2.R p 0.2=0.2% proof stress at room temperature, in N/mm2. RSL =Resulting Sling Load on padeyes, in N.T D=The design temperature is a reference temperature used for the selection of steel grades used in off-shore containers and equipment.g =Standard acceleration of gravity (~ 9.81 m/s2).l n=Nominal length of structural member, in mmn =Number of sling legst =Material thickness, in mm.v =Angle of sling leg from vertical in degreesy =Deflection of structural member, in mmσe=The von Mises equivalent stress, in N/mm2.Ψ =Load factorWLL =Working Load Limit, in tonnes. Maximum mass that a lifting component is authorized to sustain inlifting serviceNote 1:The WLL for lifting components that is specified in standards, product specifications, etc. is normally the WLL for general lift-ing service. For the special application of lifting sets fitted to off-shore containers, the WLL is enhanced as described in Section.8.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:The term "Safe Working Load, SWL" is not used in this Standard for Certification. This term is not clearly defined for containers and should, therefore not be used when referring to offshore con-tainers. The term “Working Load Limit, WLL” is only used for lifting sets, not for containers.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---2. Approval and Certification Procedures 2.1 GeneralOffshore containers designed, manufactured, tested and marked in compliance with the following requirements may be certified by Det Norske Veritas. At the end of the verification process a product certificate is issued by the Society and the Society's numbered certification emblem is affixed to the con-tainer.Certification consists of the following steps:—Design review—Inspection and testing of prototype—Production inspection and testing—Issuance of certificatesAn application for approval and certification should be sent to the local DNV office who will forward this to the approval of-。
挪威海洋工程船队行业介绍
挪威海洋工程船队行业介绍2011-01-27 22:35 文章来源：驻挪威使馆经商处文章类型：原创内容分类：调研一、海洋工程船海洋工程船（Off-shore Vessels ）是为满足近代海洋工程，尤其是海洋油气开采活动的需求而制造的特种船舶，通常在设计上都装备了满足特殊功能要求的机械和专用设备系统。
海洋工程船舶广泛应用于与海洋石油开采活动有关的供应、拖曳、锚作、人员物资载运、提油支持、海上海底工程施工、海底管网施工、遥控潜水器（ROV）支持和检测等作业领域，对海洋油气开发起到了不可或缺的保障支持作用。
传统海洋工程船分为平台供应船（Platform Supply Vessel，简称PSV和操锚供应拖轮（Anchor HandlingTug Supply，简称AHTS两种。
而近年来，随着油气开发向深水扩展和水下开采技术的发展，出现了越来越多的水下作业支持船，成为海洋工程船中的新类型。
（一）平台供应船（PSVPSV类船舶的船体长度从20米到120米不等，主要任务是为海上作业的所有固定和浮动式设施运送各类物资，提供后勤保障。
运输采用甲板堆放和船舱储存的方式，物资范围涵盖食品、燃料、水、钻探设备、干散货、油管等。
PSV类船舶以载重吨（DW T和甲板面积为标准，通常为1000-7000载重吨，甲板面积100-1300 平米。
（二）操锚供应拖轮（AHTSAHTS类船舶自带绞缆机，为钻井平台的钻井作业提供拖航、就位起抛锚和物品供应服务。
该类船舶在运输功能之外，最重要的特点在于操锚和拖带系统，可为移动钻井装置和施工作业船提供起抛锚和拖带服务。
该类船舶以船舶马力区分，标记为BH R Brake Horse power），通常马力范围在4000-35000 BHP,甲板面积在100-1000平米，绞盘功率最大可达500-600吨。
（三）水下作业支持船（SUBSEA类船舶）水下作业支持船（或称SUBSEA^船舶）是所有水下作业支持船的统称，包括为水下及海床施工和水下作业提供支持的多种船舶，主要包括潜水支持船、遥控潜器工作母船、铺管船等。
NVE690挪威船级社认证,AQE70美国船级社认证,E690海工钢定轧
NVE690挪威船级社认证，AB/EQ70美国船级社认证，E690海工钢定轧NVE690是挪威船级社认证海洋工程用钢，AB/EQ70是美国船级社认证海工钢。
NVE690钢板定轧：舞钢孙凡NVE690钢板通常以调质、正火、热机械轧制+回火状态海洋平台用钢还有：AQ43、DQ43、EQ43、FQ43、AQ47、DQ47、EQ47、FQ47、AQ51、DQ51、FQ51、EQ51、AQ56、DQ56、EQ56、FQ56、AQ63、DQ63、EQ63、FQ63、AQ70、DQ70、EQ70、FQ70、A、B、D、E、AH32、DH32、EH32、FH32、AH36、DH36、EH36、FH36、AH40、DH40、EH40、FH40、AH420、DH420、EH420、FH420、AH460、DH460、EH460、FH460、AH500、DH500、EH500、FH500、AH550、DH550、EH550、FH550、AH620、DH620、EH620、FH620、AH690、DH690、EH690、FH690、A514GrQ 、A517GrQ 。
NVE690机械性能501钢管应按A800规定分批进行试验。
每批钢管的数量应符合表A2的规定。
502应从至少两批钢管中的每一批选出两根钢管，而其余各批中各选出一根钢管进行试验。
503选作试验用的每根钢管应进行下述试验:无缝钢管:---一次拉力试验---一次压扁试验或弯曲试验或环形拉力试验。
焊接钢管:---一次基本材料的拉力试验---D≥508mm钢管一次焊缝拉力试验---两次压扁试验或两次冲头扩口试验或两次弯曲试验（ERW和IW)---两次弯曲试验(SAW)504所有机械试验的结果应符合表B2的相应要求，或等效的国家或国际标准。
九大船级社是中国船级社（ccs）、挪威船级社（DVN）、美国船级社（ABS）、法国船级社（BV）、英国劳氏船级社（LR）、韩国船级社（KR）、日本海事协会（ClassNK）、意大利船级社（RINA）、俄罗斯船级社（RS）。
海洋工程设备维修的国际标准与规范
海洋工程设备维修的国际标准与规范海洋工程设备的维修是保障工程设备的可靠性和安全性的重要环节。
由于海洋环境的特殊性，海洋工程设备的维修需要遵循一定的国际标准和规范，以确保维修工作的品质和可持续性。
本文将深入探讨海洋工程设备维修的国际标准和规范的重要性，并介绍一些常用的标准和规范。
一、海洋工程设备维修的重要性海洋工程设备维修是保障工程设备安全运行的关键环节。
海洋环境的复杂性、恶劣性以及深海等特殊条件对工程设备提出了极高的要求。
不合格的维修工作可能导致设备损坏、事故发生、人员伤亡等严重后果。
因此，制定和遵守一系列国际标准和规范可以提高维修质量、降低维修风险，保障海洋工程设备的可靠性和安全性。
二、海洋工程设备维修的国际标准1. ISO 19901-3：海洋技术 - 船舶和海洋技术结构设计和工程 - 第3部分：海上结构物运营和维护该标准规定了针对海洋结构物运营和维护的管理和技术要求。
其中包括维护计划的制定、维修程序的规定、维修技术要求的确定等内容。
这个标准适用于油气平台、海洋风电设施、海洋船舶等海洋工程设备。
2. ISO 22862：海洋技术 - 浮标与其它海洋用结构物的维护要求该标准规定了对浮标和其他海洋用结构物的维护要求。
其中包括设备维护的周期性和预防性措施、使用寿命的评估、维修和检查的程序等方面。
这个标准适用于浮标、浮动平台和海上浮筒。
3. DNVGL-ST-0377：岸基风电设施运行的操作和维护这个标准由挪威船级社（DNV GL）制定，主要针对岸基风电设施的运营和维护。
该标准涵盖了设备维护的各个方面，包括维修管理、设备检查、故障诊断和备件管理等。
通过遵守该标准，可以确保风电设施的可靠性和环境可持续性。
三、海洋工程设备维修的规范1. 海洋工程设备定期检查规范定期检查是海洋工程设备维修中的关键步骤。
该规范规定了不同类型设备的定期检查项目和频率。
例如，对于海洋油气平台，规范要求包括设备外观检查、螺栓紧固状况检查、防腐涂层检查等。
dnv规范
dnv规范
DNV规范是挪威船级社（DNV）针对船舶和海洋工程领域制定的一系列规范和标准。
这些规范覆盖了从设计、建造、操作到维护等各个方面的要求，旨在确保船舶和海洋设施的安全、可靠和高效运行。
DNV规范主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 船舶设计规范：这部分规范主要包括船舶结构设计、船舶稳性计算、船舶操纵性等内容。
其中船舶结构设计规范主要要求船体结构必须具备足够的强度，以承受海上恶劣环境条件下的荷载。
船舶稳性计算规范则要求船舶必须保持良好的稳定性，确保船体不会轻易倾覆。
2. 船舶建造规范：这部分规范主要涉及船舶的建造工艺和施工技术。
其中包括对材料的选择和使用要求，对焊接和防腐处理等工艺的要求，以及对船舶建造过程中的质量控制要求等。
3. 船舶操作规范：这部分规范主要包括船舶的操作指导和安全管理要求。
其中船舶操作指导要求船员必须熟悉船舶操纵性和操作流程，确保船舶能够安全、高效地进行航行。
安全管理要求则涉及船舶应急救援、消防安全、船舶保险和事故调查等方面。
4. 海洋工程规范：这部分规范主要涉及海洋工程设施的设计和建造要求。
其中包括海洋平台的结构设计规范，海底管道的设计和布置规范，海洋风电设备的设计和安装规范等。
总之，DNV规范是船舶和海洋工程领域的重要标准，它不仅
涵盖了船舶和海洋工程设施的设计、建造、操作等方面的要求，更重要的是，它为保障船舶和海洋设施的安全和可靠运行提供了一系列具体的指导和标准。
同时，DNV规范的持续更新和
改进也为船舶和海洋工程行业的发展提供了重要支持。
挪威海洋工程船队行业介绍
挪威海洋工程船队行业介绍2011-01-27 22:35 文章来源：驻挪威使馆经商处文章类型：原创内容分类：调研一、海洋工程船海洋工程船（Off-shore Vessels）是为满足近代海洋工程，尤其是海洋油气开采活动的需求而制造的特种船舶，通常在设计上都装备了满足特殊功能要求的机械和专用设备系统。
海洋工程船舶广泛应用于与海洋石油开采活动有关的供应、拖曳、锚作、人员物资载运、提油支持、海上海底工程施工、海底管网施工、遥控潜水器(ROV)支持和检测等作业领域，对海洋油气开发起到了不可或缺的保障支持作用。
传统海洋工程船分为平台供应船（Platform Supply Vessel，简称PSV）和操锚供应拖轮（Anchor Handling Tug Supply，简称AHTS）两种。
而近年来，随着油气开发向深水扩展和水下开采技术的发展，出现了越来越多的水下作业支持船，成为海洋工程船中的新类型。
（一）平台供应船（PSV）PSV类船舶的船体长度从20米到120米不等，主要任务是为海上作业的所有固定和浮动式设施运送各类物资，提供后勤保障。
运输采用甲板堆放和船舱储存的方式，物资范围涵盖食品、燃料、水、钻探设备、干散货、油管等。
PSV类船舶以载重吨（DWT）和甲板面积为标准，通常为1000-7000载重吨，甲板面积100-1300平米。
（二）操锚供应拖轮（AHTS）AHTS类船舶自带绞缆机，为钻井平台的钻井作业提供拖航、就位起抛锚和物品供应服务。
该类船舶在运输功能之外，最重要的特点在于操锚和拖带系统，可为移动钻井装置和施工作业船提供起抛锚和拖带服务。
该类船舶以船舶马力区分，标记为BHP（Brake Horse power），通常马力范围在4000-35000 BHP，甲板面积在100-1000平米，绞盘功率最大可达500-600吨。
（三）水下作业支持船（SUBSEA类船舶）水下作业支持船（或称SUBSEA类船舶）是所有水下作业支持船的统称，包括为水下及海床施工和水下作业提供支持的多种船舶，主要包括潜水支持船、遥控潜器工作母船、铺管船等。
海洋工程建设标准
海洋工程建设标准近年来，随着全球对新能源和海洋资源的渴求不断增长，海洋工程建设逐渐成为了各国重要的发展方向。
为确保海洋工程的安全、高效和可持续发展，各国纷纷制定了一系列的海洋工程建设标准。
本文将从海洋资源开发、海洋工程设计和建设、环境保护与法规等几个方面探讨海洋工程建设标准的内容、重要性和应用。
一、海洋资源开发海洋资源开发是海洋工程建设的核心内容之一，包括海底矿产资源开发、海上风电等。
在海洋资源开发方面，需要遵循以下标准：1. 环境评估标准：在进行海洋资源勘探和开发前，需要对海洋生态系统进行详细的环境评估，评估项目可能对海洋生态系统和物种的影响，以及采取的相应保护措施。
2. 技术规范标准：制定海洋资源开发的技术规范标准，包括海上设备的设计与制造、安全操作、维修养护等方面，以确保设备的稳定运行和工作效率。
3. 安全标准：确保海洋资源开发过程中的工作安全，包括安全装备与设施的规定、人员培训和应急预案等。
二、海洋工程设计和建设海洋工程设计和建设是实施海洋资源开发的重要环节。
在设计和建设阶段，需要遵循以下标准：1. 结构设计标准：制定海洋平台、海洋风电塔架、海底隧道等结构物的设计标准，包括结构稳定性、抗风浪能力、材料选择等，以确保结构的安全性和可靠性。
2. 建设工艺标准：确立海洋工程施工过程中的各项工艺标准，包括施工方法、施工顺序、施工质量控制等，以保证工程建设的高效性和准确性。
3. 排污和废物处理标准：对于海洋工程建设中产生的废物、排放物进行规范处理，防止污染海洋环境。
三、环境保护与法规海洋工程建设对海洋环境的保护至关重要。
为确保海洋工程建设不对海洋生态环境造成破坏，需要遵循以下标准：1. 海洋环境保护标准：对海洋生态系统进行监测与保护，确保工程建设不对生态系统造成不可逆转的损害。
2. 渔业资源保护标准：保护海洋渔业资源，确保海洋工程建设不对渔业资源产生严重影响。
3. 法律法规遵循标准：根据国际公约和国内法律，制定相应的海洋工程建设法规，确保工程建设活动符合法律法规要求。
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挪威海洋工程标准M 501表面处理和保护涂层2004年6月目录前言 (1)序 (1)1概述 (1)2标准规范和参考规范目录 (2)2.1标准规范 (2)2.2 参考规范目录 (3)3.用词定义和缩写 (3)3.2缩写 (3)4.总体要求 (4)4.1概述 (4)4.2计划指定 (4)4.3设备保护和清理 (4)4.4环境要求 (4)4.5油漆 (5)4.6金属材料 (5)4.7车间底漆 (5)4.8不用涂装的表面 (6)4.9搬动和运送涂装好的物体 (6)4.10产品、施工人员和程序的资质认证 (6)4.11金属涂层 (6)4.12记录和汇报 (6)5.健康、安全和环境要求 (6)6.表面处理 (7)6.1喷砂处理的准备工作 (7)6.2喷砂处理 (7)6.3最终表面处理结果 (7)7.涂层施工 (7)7.1概述 (7)7.2施工设备 (8)7.3施工 (8)8．金属热喷涂 (8)8.1概述 (8)8.2涂料 (8)8.3热喷涂施工 (9)8.4修补、管道的现场涂装和有连接金属的涂装 (9)9.防火材料的喷涂 (9)9.1概述 (9)9.2涂料 (9)9.3施工 (10)9.4修补 (10)10．资质要求 (10)10．1产品的资质 (10)10.2公司和人员的资质 (13)10.3程序的资质认证 (14)涂装程序说明书（CPS） (14)涂装系统测试（CPS） (14)11.检测和测试 (15)附录A (17)A.1涂装系统1（必须事先经过测试） (17)A.2涂装系统2（必须事先经过测试） (18)A.3涂装系统3 (19)A.4涂装系统4 (20)A.5涂装系统5 (20)A5.1涂装系统5A（必须进行先期测试） (20)A5.2涂装系统5B（必须进行先期测试） (21)A.6涂装系统6 (21)A.7涂装系统7（必须进行先期测试） (22)A.8涂装系统8 (22)A.9涂装系统9 (23)附录B (23)附录A：涂装系统表附录B：颜色表（供参考）前言挪威海洋工程可竞争性标准（NORSOK）随挪威石油工业的发展而发展，用来保证石油工业发展和实际操作的安全、高效、成本节约。
此外，NORSOK 标准尽可能做到取代石油公司的规范并作为规范制定的参考。
NORSOK标准以国际公认的标准为基础，增加了满足挪威石油工业要求的条款。
NORSOK标准有助于挪威石油工业融入国际标准一体化的进程中，当国际标准发展变化或有新的标准出版时，NORSOK标准的有关条款将被视为无效NORSOK标准秉承了一般施工标准设立的一贯原则，继承了NORSOKA-001中既定的程序。
NORSOK标准的制定和出版得到了挪威石油工业协会（OLF）和挪威制造业联合会（TBL）的大力支持。
NORSOK标准由挪威标准部（standards Norway）提供出版。
附录A是标准规范附录B仅供参考序本版本的主要改进如下：。
采用了ISO20340作为涂层系统质量测试的标准。
介绍了耐火测试法测试防火涂层。
介绍了预涂涂层的涂料、涂层数和涂层厚度的最低标准。
挪威船级社（DNV）典型测试法测试压载舱涂层作为可供选择的资格测试法在本标准中进行了介绍（详见涂层系统3B）本版的标准也存在其他改变和修改，主要的修改处都做了标记。
1概述NORSOK标准为近海设备的建设和安装过程中的涂装提供了选择要求，包括涂料的选择、表面预处理、施工程序和保护涂层的检测NORSOK标准应用范围包含其他金属涂层和喷涂的防火涂层。
NORSOK标准的目的是保证涂层系统达到如下标准：。
最少的处理达到对设施的最佳防护。
易于操作执行。
易于施工。
健康性、安全性和环境冲突性得到评估并备有证明文件NORSOK标准不适用于管道和立管。
2标准规范和参考规范目录2.1标准规范ASTMD45752 无机硅酸锌漆的耐MEK溶剂擦拭标准法。
DNV33.1 储罐和货舱的防腐保护ISO1461 金属涂层（热浸锌的非铁金属涂层）要求ISO2814 色漆和清漆——相同型号的颜色的涂料的不同配比的比较ISO4624 色漆和清漆——拉伸法测试附着力ISO4628-6 色漆和清漆——劣化程度评定——常见缺陷程度、数量和大小——第6部分：带试法测粉化速率ISO8501-1 钢材在涂装油漆和油漆相关产品的预处理——目测表面清洁度——第1部分:未涂装过的钢材和全面清除原有涂层的钢材的锈蚀等级和预处理等级。
补充信息：使用不同磨料抛丸除锈后的钢材样本的照片ISO8502-3 钢材在涂装油漆和油漆相关产品的预处理——表面清洁度的测试方法——第3部分清漆施工前钢板表面灰尘的评估（压敏胶带法）ISO8502-6 钢材在涂装油漆和油漆相关产品的预处理——表面清洁度的测试方法——第6部分：清漆施工前钢板可溶性杂质的取样分析发——bresle 法ISO8502-9 钢材在涂装油漆和油漆相关产品的预处理——表面清洁度的测试方法——第9部分：现场法测试水溶性盐ISO8503 清漆和相关产品施工前钢材表面处理——喷射清理的钢材表面粗糙度特性ISO8504 清漆和相关产品施工前钢材表面处理——表面处理方法——第2部分：抛丸喷砂处理ISO129944-5 色漆和清漆——钢结构防腐蚀涂料防护系统——第5章：保护油漆系统ISO19840 色漆和清漆——钢结构防腐蚀涂料防护系统——粗糙表面干膜厚度的测量方法和可接受标准ISO20340 色漆和清漆——近海金属结构和相关设施的涂装防护系统的要求标准NACERP01880 保护用涂料的不连续性（漏涂）测试法NORSOK M-001 金属选择NORSOK S-002 工作环境NS476 色漆和清漆——表面处理的判定和接收标准SFS8145 防腐涂层、抛丸法表面处理和车间底漆SSPC/SSPM 系统和规范第4版Volume 22.2 参考规范目录DIN3251：热喷涂设备的测试和质量控制3.用词定义和缩写3.1.1 can动词，表示可能性3.1.2featherd从已涂表面到未涂表面厚度逐渐减少的地带3.1.3 holidy不连续的涂层，当存在电压时涂层显示出传导率的不连续性3.1.4 may动词，用以指某种行为可能在标准的限制范围内3.1.5shall动词，用来完全符合标准要求，不允许有偏差，除非偏差在可接受范围内3.1.6should动词用来指几种可能的情况中最适合的那一种，并不涉及或排除其他可能性。
也可以指某一行为更合适，但没有必要要求都执行。
3.1.7shop primer在运输和储存过程中起保护作用的一层薄的保护涂层。
3.1.8strip coat 为了确保边缘焊道等关键部位得到有效保护而使用的一种补充涂装方法。
3.2缩写CPS 涂装程序规格书CSDS 涂装系统说明书CPT 涂装程序测试MDFT最小干膜厚度NACE国际防腐组织NDFT名义干膜厚度OAR专业空气质量要求RAL RAL定义的颜色SSPC 金属结构涂装委员会SSPM金属结构涂装指南QC 质量控制VOC 挥发性有机物质4.总体要求4.1概述选择涂装系统和编写涂装施工程序应充分考虑建造、安装和服务安装时的各种条件。
对涂料施工人员和施工单位的具体要在在第10款里面。
4.2计划指定在指定计划时应充分考虑所有的因素。
在开始施工前应将管理、检验、操作、设备、仪器和资质认证时的程序建立起来，并形成文件。
设备安装应在喷砂清理和涂装完工之后进行。
4.3设备保护和清理在喷砂清理期间，所有的设备和结构应必须采取适当的防护措施，以防止机械损坏、磨料的进入和灰尘。
必须避免下垂、流挂和涂层过厚。
周围未喷涂或已喷涂的区域应到保护起来。
完成工作之后，所有的覆盖材料、已用磨料和喷涂设备必须移开。
4.4环境要求当空气相对湿度大于85％或金属温度至少比露点高3摄氏度时，不得进行喷砂清理和涂装。
涂装施工必须在金属温度高于0摄氏度时进行。
油漆制造商必须提供每一个涂装系统中油漆产品的最高和最低施工温度和干燥温度，并提供其他施工和干燥的相关限制条件。
4.5油漆油漆的选择必须符合应用要求，必须考虑以下几方面之后才能作出选择：·防腐要求·健康、安全和环境要求·施工条件、施工设备和施工人员的要求·油漆的实用性和经济性所有油漆和溶剂必须远离火源保存，必须按照生产厂家要求的储存温度和储存条件保存。
所有油漆和溶剂必须储存在贴有生产厂商标签和说明的原装储罐中。
每种产品必须有生产批号以显示产品的生产日期，提供产品的可溯源性。
产品的保质期必须包含在产品技术说明书中。
图层施工系统表见附录A涂装系统1，3B，4，5和7必须符合第10款中的要求。
那些通过实验测试的涂装系统，有应用先例的涂装系统和可选择的涂装系统，只要符合NORSOK标准都可以实施应用。
附录A中第1和第7涂装系统中关于涂层数和涂层的厚度的要求都在前期测试中的最低要求。
面漆颜色应该符合附录B中的要求。
压载舱和饮水罐应用浅色的颜色。
4.6金属材料需要现场表面处理的金属，表面处理的最低要求是达到ISO8501－1中的锈级B。
车间底漆是用来起临时作用性防护作用的防护措施。
在涂装施工前必须清理掉，除非它符合4.7款中的要求。
4.7车间底漆如果车间底漆符合下面的条件，那它就可以不被清楚。
而作为涂装系统的一部分：喷砂清理必须满足ISO8501－1Sa21/2的标准，表面清洁度必须在施工前保持Sa21/2。
底漆中必须有15μm厚的硅酸锌底漆。
如果是抛光金属平面或者是镜试平面，干膜厚度必须是最大值25μm。
把车间底漆作为涂装系统一部分的只能是涂装系统1.4.8不用涂装的表面下面几种情况，除非特别说明不用涂装：·铝、钛、不保温的不锈钢、加热、通风或空气调节管道、镀铬、镀镍、铜、黄铜、铅、塑料等·保温表面的保温套如果不锈钢和碳钢相连，必须在不锈钢焊接处涂上50mm的涂层。
管道和压力容器的不锈钢部分的涂层必须不含金属锌。
4.9搬动和运送涂装好的物体已涂物体在搬动时应小心谨慎以免破坏已涂表面。
在涂装系统干燥到达一定程度前不能搬动。
盛装、搬运和储存已涂物体的设备必须是非金属材料。
4.10产品、施工人员和程序的资质认证根据NORSOK标准，在开始施工前，三者必须满足第10款中的描述要求，并形成文件。
4.11金属涂层热浸镀必须按照ISO01461执行。
涂层厚度的最低要求是125μm，900g/㎡.结构部件必须先喷砂清理再热浸镀。
当有外加涂装具体要求时，必须使用第6种涂装系统。
金属喷涂必须按照NORSOK标准进行。
4.12记录和汇报所有的操作和检验记录都必须按照NORSOK标准记录，并且必须是涂装工作连续的记录。
承包商必须准备和处理的报告中必须包含这些记录。
工作中的不足必须写进报告和记录中。