rcvd第17章翻译

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物英

物英

物流英语一、单词翻译:Vendor(供应商)、Exporter(出口商)、Airline(航空公司)、Means of transport and route (运输方式和路线)、Net weight(净重)、Measurement(尺码(立方米))Goods(货物)、collect(到付、由收件人付款的)、L/C(信用证)、manifest(载货单)、cost-effective (性价比)、berth(停泊处)、TEU(换算箱、标准箱)、lanes(线路)、logistics(现代物流)Shipper(委托人)、Consignee(收货人)、agent(代理)、Vessel(船舶)、Container(集装箱)、Gross weight(毛重)、quantity(数量)、Commodity (商品)Cargo(货物)、prepaid(预付)、Total(总数、合计)、Consolidation(集中托运)、B/L(提货单)、Contract(合同)、Letter of credit(信用证)、Stow(装载)、trim(整理、装点)Dunnage(行李)、hatch(舱口)、demurrage(滞留费)、rail(铁路)、stipulate (保证、规定)、endorse(背书、认可)、exempt(免除)、claim(索赔)二、短语翻译1.Signature of authorized signatory(签署人的授权签名)2.Number and kind of description of goods package(商品说明:包装上的数量和种类)3.Country/region of destination(目的地的国名/地区名)4.Final destination(最终目的地)5.Original of certificate(原始证书)6.customs invoice(海关发票)packing list(装箱单)7.in words(金额中文大写)8.Declared value for carriage(运输的价格申报)9.agent’s IATA code(LATA代理人的代码)10.Place and date(地点和日期)Airport of departure(出发的机场)11.bill of lading(提单)Commercial invoice(商业发票)12.weight list(重量单)13.Airway bill(航空运单)In figure / in words(小写款项/大写款项)14.Declared value for customs(向海关申报价格)15.Said to contain Marks & numbers(唛头及包装号)16.on the strength of17.be liable for(承担)18.in accordance with (根据)insurance premium(保险费)19.dead freight(总运费)Force majeure(不可抗力)20.in apparent good order and condition21.in addition(除了)ply with(符合)with a view to三、电讯翻译1、ORDER AL41061 ACCEPTED SEPTEMBER SHIPMENT OPEN L/CAL41061订单的货物能在9月发货,请开立信用证。

金康合同第十七条条款的中英对照翻译

金康合同第十七条条款的中英对照翻译

第17条war risks(“voywar 1993”)战争风险条款1993(1)For the purpose of this clause, the word:对于这个条款的定义是:(a)The “owners”shall include the shipowners, bareboat charterers, disponentowners,managers or other operators who are charged with the management of the vessel, and the master, and.船东应该指的是船舶拥有者、光船承租者、实际承运人、船舶经营人或者其他管理船舶的人员、或船长。

(b)“war risks” shall include any war(whether actual or threatened), act of war, civil war,hostilities, revolution, civil commotion, warlike operation, the laying of mines(whetheractual or reported), acts of piracy, acts of terrorists, acts of hostility or malicious damage, blockades(whether imposed against all vessels or imposed selectively against vessels orcertain flags or ownership, or against certain cargoes or crews or otherwise howsoever), by any person, body, terrorist or political group,or the government of any state whatsoever, which, in the reasonable judgement of the master and/or the owners, may be dangerous or are likely to be or to become dangerous to the vessel, her cargo, crew or other persons on board the vessel.战争风险是指包括任何实际的或者预料的战争,侵略行为,内战,敌对行为,革命,民众骚乱,军事行动,个人破坏行为(无论是实际的还是预料的),海盗行为,恐怖活动,敌对或者恶意的破坏,封锁行动(无论是对所有船舶强行实施还是选择性对某一旗帜的船舶或者对某一确切货物或者对船员强行实施),对于任何的人身,恐怖主义或政治团体,或任何国家的政府等,根据船长或者船东的合理判断,可能或者将要或者将对其船舶、货物、船员以及船上的其他人员造成危险的行为。

RCVD翻译 21章 中英文对照

RCVD翻译 21章 中英文对照

Suspension spring悬架弹簧Intriduction介绍In this chapter we will discuss ways to calculate(approximately)certain properties of在这一章中我们将讨论如何计算(约)的某些特性suspension system springs.We will concentrate on spring rate and maximum stress but弹簧悬挂系统。

我们将集中在春季率和最大应力而also touch OU problems associated with usage,i.e.,fatigue。

The types of springs covered也抚摸你相关的问题与使用,即,fatigue.the类型的弹簧盖will include torsion springs,coil springs,and leafsprings.将包括扭力弹簧,螺旋弹簧,和leafsprings。

The material covered is insufficient for detailed design engineering calculations--for that材料覆盖是不够详细的工程计算,设计——the reader will have to go to the literature,especially the referenced SAE design hand-读者将要去的文学,尤其是汽车设计方面的参考—books and spring manufacturers’handbooks.书籍和弹簧manufacturers'handbooks。

21.1 Torsion Springs21.1个扭转弹簧In a torsion spring the elastic properties ofa long thin“bar'’in torsion(twist)is used to在扭簧的弹性性能的细长的酒吧去扭转(扭曲)是用来produce a rectilinear spring rate that is comparable to that era coil spring,The spring产生直线弹簧率相比,时代的螺旋弹簧,弹簧load or forceis usually converted to torque around the centerline of the bar by means负载或forceis通常转化为扭矩围绕中心线的酒吧的手段of a lever arm at one or both (anti-roll bar)ends.Figure 21.1 gives the basic geometry of杠杆臂的一个或两个(防侧倾杆)ends.figure21.1给出了基本几何a torsion spring.扭转弹簧。

17 Again《重返十七岁(2009)》完整中英文对照剧本

17 Again《重返十七岁(2009)》完整中英文对照剧本

O'donnell, save something for the game.奥唐奈留点劲儿比赛I'm just warming up, coach.我在热身教练Just talked to the Scout again. He's coming tonight. 刚刚又和球探谈了他今晚来You play half the game. I know you're capable of.你打满半场我知道你行He's prepared to offer you a full scholarship.他打算提供给你全额奖学金Free ride to college and the world's your oyster, kid. 大学的免费直通车孩子你的前途很光明Thanks, coach.谢谢教练All right, jockstraps, let's gather up. Picture time.好啦队员们集♥合♥ 合影Try not to break the camera.都给我上镜点We gotta hang on. Ned's not here yet.等会儿内德还没来Who cares? He's the water boy.管他的他不过是送水的That doesn't matter, because he's part of the team. 这无所谓但他是队里的一员Sorry I'm late! Sorry I'm late!对不起我迟到了But what kind of dungeon master would I be如果我在和怪兽的大战中if I left my party in the middle中途开溜of a battle with a hippogriff?我算哪门子的地下城主Check it out, it's Merlin in the girlin.瞧瞧女孩版的麦林(亚瑟王中的魔法师)Um, Ned, Ned, look, I'm your best friend, all right,内德我是你最好的朋友And I'll always have your back.我一直站在你这边But there's only so much I can do但当你穿着袍子出现时when you show up in a dress.我只有一件事能做O'donnell. How about you and boy George奥唐奈你和小乔治join us for this picture?该归队了吧Yep. Yep. Just one sec.是的当然稍等Give the little guy the sign, please. Here we are.请把牌子给那个小子好啦Nice, guys. Scoot up in back.很好后面的往前一点Come on, you gotta look pretty你们得把最帅的一面for the ladies, right? Come on.展现给那些女孩子们对吧Yeah. let's do it. Three, two, one.很好开拍了 3 2 1Hey, vanilla ice.喂香草冰(著名歌♥手)We got a game here. Let's bring it in.我们还要比赛让我们开场吧Man, I had to. I had to.伙计我是被逼的我是被逼的Oh, man, over there.伙计瞧那边Who is that stone-cold fox?那个冷冰冰的狐狸精是谁Oh, it's my girlfriend.是我女朋友Take no prisoners, bro.把他们一网打尽老兄Oh, hey, there's my girl.我的女孩来啦I'm glad you're here, Scar.我真高兴你来了斯嘉This whole Scout thing has me wicked nervous.球探要来搞得我超紧张I just feel like my whole future's riding on this game. 我觉得我的未来就指望这场比赛了Yeah. yeah, I know how you feel.是啊我明白你的感受Yeah? Is everything...? Everything's cool, right? 真的一切...一切都好吗Oh, yeah. Everything's totally copacetic.是啊一切都好极了Totally? Totally.都好都好O'donnell.奥唐奈I gotta go. See you.我得上场了回见You okay?你还好吧?We can talk about it later. No. Just tell me.我们可以赛后再谈不就现在It's your big night. Go enjoy it.今晚对你很重要你该尽情享受I can't enjoy it unless you tell me what's going on. 除非你告诉我怎么了否则我无法享受它Okay.好吧O'donnell!奥唐奈!Wake up!清醒点O'donnell!奥唐奈!What are you doing?你在干嘛Scar! Scar, hey.斯嘉等等Hey, Scarlet.斯嘉丽Hey, hey. Hey, what are you doing?喂你在干什么Mike, what are you doing?麦克你在干什么Look, you and me, we're in this together, okay? 听着你和我我们一起面对这件事好不好But the game. That's your future.但是这场比赛是你的未来No, the baby's my future.不这个婴儿才是我的未来That's crazy. You're my future.你疯了你是我的未来I can't let you throw this all away. I won't let you. 我不能让你抛弃这一切我不会让你这么做Thank you for letting me stay here, Ned.谢谢你让我住这内德Oh, yeah. No problem.不客气没什么You good on the cap'n? I'm good on the captain.你吃的惯麦片吗吃的惯很好Hey, Mike?麦克Mike, I can tell you're down, but trust me on this.麦克我知道你很沮丧但是有点你得相信我You're looking at Scarlet你在等斯嘉丽kicking you out of the house...把你踢出家门And the kids wanting nothing而事实上孩子们to do with you as a negative, when in fact...不愿和你在一起这也是不利因素I guess it's mostly negative, isn't it? Well, yeah.我猜大多都对你不利是啊I had no upside for that.我想不出有利的Hey! You're getting that big promotion today, right? 今天是你升职的大日子对吧Yes. Yes, I am.是的是的Today everything turns around for me.今天是我转运的一天Knock them dead.给他们好看I love you!我爱你So anyway...所以不管怎样...the way corporate wants us to spin it...公♥司♥让我们拖延时间...is that maybe, in certain situations...这种方式可能就像在某些情况下...a four-hour erection isn't such a terrible thing.四小时的持续勃起并没那么糟OK. Next staff.好了下一件事As most of you know,today I am proud正如绝大多数人所知今天我将荣幸to be naming our new Regional Sales Manager.任命我们的新地区销♥售♥主管Here we go.来吧You know I've been in the pharmaceutical game我已经在制药业这行里for almost two years now...打拼了近两年了And people always ask me人们总是问我"What's it take to be an RSM?"如何成为地区销♥售♥主管Leadership.领导力Courage.勇气Integrity.正直But most importantly, dedication to this company.但最重要的是对公♥司♥的无私奉献So congratulations. Mike.所以恭喜麦克Mike, if you could slide to your left麦克如果你能往左靠一靠so I can congratulate our new RSM,我就可以恭喜我们的新地区销♥售♥主管了Wendy!温蒂!Oh, my god. Oh, my god.天啊天啊Go out there and push some pills, my peeps.出去庆贺吧女士们Good job, baby!干得好宝贝Bye-bye, thanks.再见谢谢See you at practice.看你的表现Mike. What's crack-a-lacking, coz?麦克怎么有事吗兄弟Well, I'll tell you what's crack-a-lacking.我来告诉你怎么了Are you kidding me?你耍我吧?Wendy's been here two months. I've been here 16 years. 温蒂在这干了2个月我已经干了16年了I got the best numbers on the team.我是组里干得时间最长的You should think of it as a compliment.你可以把这看作对你的赞赏Think of it as us saying,就像我们说"You're just too valuable to promote."升职已无法体现你的价值You little...你这个小...Hey, buddy. No, no, no, I got time.你好老兄不不不我有时间I know, right? Look, listen,我知道听着she was my doubles par...他是我的双...So many girls and only one promotion,这么多人就一个提升名额Nobody get jealous. But you guys are so supportive.没人嫉妒你们太支持我了But, Wendy, you did it. Thank you.温蒂这是你应得的谢谢Wendy! Wendy! Wendy!温蒂温蒂!You guys! Omg.服了你们了天啊Oh, and it gets better,还有好戏呢because we are going to t.g.i. friday's!因为我们要去星期五狂欢Shut up!不是吧Mike O'donnell.麦克·奥唐奈Do I know you?我认识你吗No. But I know you.不但我认识你Oh, yeah?是吗High school star.高中明星Never quite lived up to your potential.潜力无限Sooner or later you all come back to the old school. 迟早你会回到这所学校Stand there and look at the picture of the glory days... 站在这凝望过去那些辉煌日子的照片...wondering what might have been.猜想原本会是什么样子Seems to me you guys are living in the past.在我看来你们都活在过去Well, of course I want to live in the past.我当然想回到过去It was better there.那的生活更好I'll bet you wish you had it to do all over again.我打赌你想重来一次You got that right.你说中了You're sure about that?你确定Oh, yeah.确定Dad. Hi, Mr.O'donnell.老爸你好奥唐奈先生Ladies. What are you doing here?小姐们好啊你在这干嘛Oh, I was just talking to...我刚刚在和......nobody....没什么Doesn't matter.别管了I got off work early,我今天下班早and I thought we could get ice cream.我想我们可以一起去吃冰激凌Together?一起?Why? Just go get your brother, okay?为什么叫上你弟弟好吧Do you need anything else?还需要别的吗No, we're fine.不了谢谢What's the matter? This used to be your favorite place. 怎么了你们以前最喜欢这了We used to come here for your birthday.我们曾来这给你过生日Yeah. When I was, like, 8.没错那时我才8岁So, Al, basketball season's coming up.艾尔篮球赛季就要来了You ready? Yeah.你准备好了是的Been working on that outside shot?在练习外线投篮吗Passing? Good.传球很好Dribbling? Really good.运球很好Good's not going to get you a scholarship.只是好没法让你拿到奖学金I meant, it's great. It's great, Dad. It's great.我是说好极了好极了老爸非常好That's my boy. Remember, it's not how big you are.不愧是我儿子记住不在于你的身材有多壮It's how big you play.而在于比赛中如何最大限度发挥你的作用Right up here.来Maggie got into Georgetown.玛姬被乔治敦大学录取了Maggie, that's awesome.玛姬太棒了Can you turn down the?你能把这调小点声吗Okay, guys, see you soon.好的孩子们回见Love you. Nice chatting with you.我爱你们很高兴和你们聊天What the hell are you doing?你在干嘛Hey, that's my stuff.那是我的Why are you destroying our yard?你干嘛毁了我们的院子It's not our yard. It's my yard, remember?这不是我们的院子是我的记得吗You took the road not taken. And I get the yard.你选了马路所以院子归我了I'm going to turn it into a showpiece for my clients. 我要把它变成给我客户的示范地Clients of what? Landscape design.什么客户园艺设计Landscape design?园艺设计I'm going to show people what I can do.我要向人们展示我能做的Yeah, well, the divorce isn't final好吧但是离婚for another two weeks,两周后才生效So you do have no right.所以你还没权利Really? So I've spent the last 18 years是吗过去18年我一直在of my life listening to you whine about the things 听你抱怨说如果不是我的话you could've done without me, and I have no right?你能做什么你却说我没权利It's just I put a lot of work into this yard.只是我花了很多心血在这Did you?是吗Really? Like the barbeque pit?是吗比如那个烤肉专用坑Yeah.是的The way I remember that is that根据我的记忆you spent about an hour working on it...你曾花一个小时弄好它...and then you spent the next two days却在接下来两天里complaining about if you had gone to college,抱怨说如果你上了大学you could've hired someone to do it.你就可以雇个人做I don't think it was a whole two days.没两天吧Or the hammock over here.那边的吊床呢Yeah.怎么了I think you quit that one我想你之所以放弃那个because you just decided not to try anymore.是因为你已决定不再尝试Look, try to see things from my point of view.试着站在我的立场看待这一切I am extremely disappointed with my life.我对我的人生失望透顶I never asked you to marry me.我从没要求你娶我Yeah, but I did.没有但我这么做了You don't have to do me any more favors, then.那今后你不用再帮我什么了We're not going to hold each other back anymore, okay? 我们也不会再去挽回对方了Scar... I'll see you at court, okay? At the trial.斯嘉我们法庭上见听审时Scarlet.斯嘉丽Naomi!内奥蜜You came. Of course I came.你来了当然我会来What bridesmaid would I be如果我不在你离婚时陪伴你if I didn't hold your hand during the divorce?我还算什么伴娘Now, just remember. The first one's always the hardest. 现在记住第一次总是最难的Mike. Naomi.麦克奈奥蜜Naomi. I don't care.是内奥蜜管你叫什么Let's get going. We got to get you ready.我们走我们得让你做好准备Back on the market.重回这行Yeah, I'm a real catch.没错我很在行Single mom with two teenage kids单身母亲带着两个十几岁的孩子and manure caked under my fingernails.却不得不去摆弄肥料You'll do great. You got the butt of a 12-year-old boy.你能行的你能把12岁的男孩搞上♥床♥ That's terrific. I hope our daughter heard that.好极了希望我们的女儿能听到When was the last time you waxed?你多久没做♥爱♥了Bye, Mike.再见麦克Bye.再见You're sure about that?你确定吗Jesus.上帝Hey! Get off of there!快下来Oh, No. Hello?不能听到吗Hello?! Hello?!听到了吗听到了吗What the?那是...Oh, no!不要啊Oh, man.天啊Ned?内德?Thief!小偷No, no, no, Ned! Ned, no, no, no! It's me! 不不内德不不是我Stop! Stop!住手住手Ned?内德Oh, wow. I feel great.感觉好极了What are you doing? No, Ned.你想干嘛别啊内德No.不要No, no, no, Ned!不不不内德Ned! Come on! It's me, it's Mike!内德拜托是我我是麦克Ned, Ned,I'm telling you, I'm telling you! 内德听我说听我说!Stop it!Stop it! Now!住手马上给我住手An elegant weapon...一把优雅的武器...from a more civilized time.来自一个更为文明的时代Hey, it's me! It's Mike O'donnell, your best friend!是我我是麦克·奥唐奈你最好的朋友You have an undescended testicle.你有隐睾Googleable!谷歌♥上能查到Ned!内德You helped me cheat on my math test, but I got caught. 数学考试时你帮我作弊但我被抓住了Public record!公共记录上有You asked princess Leia to junior prom.你邀请莱亚公主参加中学舞会Covered by the local news.地区新闻上报道了I can't breathe! I can't breathe!我喘不过气来了我喘不过气来了Please.拜托Oh, my god.上帝啊No, no, no.不不不要Ned, Ned.内德内德Oh, my god.天啊Would you stop staring at me?你能别盯着我看吗It's freaking me out. It's freaking me out!你把我吓坏了这把我吓坏了I'm pubescent!我回到少年时期了Okay. So, uh...好吧那么......it's a classic transformation story.这是个经典的变身故事It appears in the literature time and time again.在文学作品里无数次出现Were you at any point shot by a gamma ray?你曾被伽玛射线射中过吗No. Exposed to gamma radiation of any kind?没有接触过某种伽玛射线No, Ned. No?没有内德没有You wouldn't see it. Okay.有你也看不到好吧That eliminates these and those and most of that side. 那就减少了很多可能性Are you now or have you ever been你现在或者曾经变成过一个a Norse God, vampire, or time-traveling cyborg?挪威神吸血鬼或是时光穿梭生化人吗I've known you since, what, first grade?我们什么时候认识的一年级Maybe I would have told you.如果有的话我早告诉你了Vampire wouldn't tell. Cyborg wouldn't know.吸血鬼不会说的生化人自己不会知道Shut up.闭嘴Okay, if it's not any of those,好吧如果不属于这些情况I guess, um, we're looking at your basic...我猜我们得瞧瞧你基本的...spirit guide transformation magic.灵媒变身魔术That's kind of a biggie, actually.事实这可算个大问题That is here.找到了When the hero...当英雄I guess that's... I guess, you.我猜这指的是...我猜是你uh, is transformed by his spirit guide...被他的灵媒变身...to set him on a new path.并重新安排他的人生Which is what? Do I look like your spirit guide?什么意思我看起来像你的灵魂向导吗The janitor.那个清洁工The janitor.清洁工You guys seen the janitor? You seen the janitor?你们看到清洁工了吗你们看到清洁工了吗Do you know where the janitor is? No.你知道清洁工在哪吗不知道Hey, where's the janitor? Where does the janitor work? 清洁工在哪他在哪工作Excuse me! You all right, kid?抱歉你没事吧孩子There's another janitor who works here. Just me.这的另一个清洁工就我一个No, no. There's an older guy不不这还有一个with white hair who works here.白发的老头也在这工作I was here yesterday talking to the janit...我昨天还在这和他谈话I showed him this picture of me.我给他看了我的这张照片You? Yeah.你的照片是的That picture's from 1989.那张照片是1989年拍的Right. Forget it.是啊算了Alex!阿莱克斯Alex, buddy!阿莱克斯老兄Alex!阿莱克斯Hello?有人在吗Spirit guide?灵媒是你吗What am I supposed to do?我该怎么办Don't know what I'm supposed to do.我不知道该怎么办I got shot. Did I get shot or did I get...? Someone got powned. 我被打中了我被打中了吗...有个兵被♥干♥掉了It's a grenade. Ned.是个手榴弹内德Aah! Oh, sorry. Teenage you.什么唉年轻版的你I figured it out. I figured out what I'm supposed to do.我想明白了我知道该怎么做了I figured out what my spirit guide wants me to do.我知道灵媒要我做什么了I'm going back.我要回去I'm going back to high school, Ned!我要重回高中No! No, no. No way.不不这不可能Your spirit guide would not waste transformation magic...你的灵媒不会将变形的魔法浪费在...On you reliving your senior year and going to prom. No.让你重回高中和做返校节国王上不可能Ned, this is my chance to have my life over, but to do it right. 内德这是我重塑人生的机会让一切变好Wouldn't you, if you had the chance? No.换作是你也会这么做吧不会I'm rich, and nobody stuck my head in a toilet today.我很富有今天没人找我麻烦Sure. Besides, it's not just about me.是吗再说这也不光是为了我自己It's about you. No, it's much bigger than me.是为了你不远不只是为了我It's about you. Okay, maybe it's about me...就是为了你好吧或许是为了我...But what's wrong with that?但那又有什么错I have not done anything for me since 1989.1989年以后我就没为自己活过You do what you have to do.你爱怎么着都行But don't think about sucking me into this with you.但是别让我和你一起趟这浑水Hayden was the low point of my existence...海顿高中是我人生的低谷...And I vowed I would never go back to that godforsaken place! 我发誓绝对不会再回到那鬼地方Never, ever, ever!绝不从不Never! Never, ever, ever!永不绝不从不永不I hate you.我恨你Hello.您好I'm here to enroll my son...我来为儿子...In school.办入学手续Mark.他叫马克What's up?您好啊So...那么So we'll just have a seat till you're ready for us.我们先坐下等您一会儿We'll be right, uh... okay.我们马上...好吧What's this you're wearing?你穿的像什么样子This is cool. This is hip.很酷嬉皮士风格I have a picture of Kevin Federline wearing the same thing.凯文·费德林也有过相似的打扮I don't know who that is. What are you wearing?我不认得你穿的什么I told you, like a dad. I am.你穿的像个老爹我本来就是You look like Clay Aiken. Leave him out of this.你看起来像克莱·艾肯别提他了Are you sure these look legit?你确定这些不会穿帮吗Oh, yeah. Look who you're talking to.当然不会我是谁啊I'm the guy who invented the software我发明了软件That prevents people from stealing music.防止人们窃取音乐I also invented the software that helps people steal music... 我还发明了帮助人们窃取音乐...But that's a happy coincidence.但那只是个美妙的插曲What is that?那是什么Oh, my g...我的天啊Wrong. These are for me. You kidding?拿错了那些是我的你开什么玩笑What's-her-name and Chewie's for me.她叫什么名和奇威是我的Miss Masterson will see you now.可以去见马斯特森小姐了Let's go.走吧Just don't try to be funny, all right?不要闹笑话Say as little as possible.少说少错Hey, watch where you're going, toolbag.看路土包子So sorry, sir. Our fault. Stan.很抱歉是我们不好斯坦Hello. I'm Jane Masterson, principal here at Hayden High. 你好我是简·马斯特森海顿高中校长Hi.你好Hello.你好Hello. Hi.你好你好Uh, okay.可以了Yeah, I think we're good here.可以松手了Sorry.抱歉I think our hands just made a baby.我们刚才的握手产生了爱的结晶Excuse my dad.请原谅我父亲he's not used to talking to attractive women.他不太喜欢和迷人的女士交谈Oh, thank you...谢谢你的...Mark. Mark...我叫马克马克...For that flattering yet totally inappropriate comment.谢谢你那不合时宜的恭维Please sit.请坐Before we get started, I think you should know that, uh, Mark's a bastard. 谈话开始前我想告诉您马克是个杂种Excuse me?什么I had him out of wedlock, so...他是非婚生子也就是说...I'm single.我是单身And I'm very rich.钻石王老五Okay.好吧Did you bring your transcripts? Oh, yeah.你带来成绩单了吗是的Transcripts.成绩单Last school you went to was Cutler High in Connecticut.你之前在康涅狄格州的卡特勒高中Straight-A student. Very impressive.是优等生真不错Math club...数学俱乐部...National Merit Finalist...全国资优成绩总决赛...Coney Island hot dog eating champion.科尼岛吃热狗比赛冠军Well, I think Hayden would be lucky to have you.海顿高中有幸请你入学Welcome. Thank you.欢迎谢谢Uh, yes, Mr. Gold. Do you have a question?高德先生您还有什么问题Your hair is pretty.你的头发很美Ah. Not a question, but thank you.虽然不是个问题不过谢谢你Would the lady mind if I smelled it?我可以嗅一下你秀发的味道吗Now is probably a good time to tell我想该跟你说明白You that I don't date students' parents.我们不准和学生家长约会Maybe I should tell you that I never我也该向你申明Don't not date the principal of my child.我和所有我孩子的校长都约过会Okay, come on, dad. Come on, dad.好了爸爸好啦Let's go.走吧I was about to close!就快说完了You have to do it right now? Just calm down. You're a dad. 你想表现好吗那就沉着点你是个父亲Hi. oh, my gosh. we're in.天啊我们置身其中了You see her undress me with her eyes?看见她那赤♥裸♥裸的眼神没I don't think that's what that was.我可不这么想Hey. wow. I don't know how we did it.真不敢相信我们做到了It's Maggie's friends. Watch this.那是玛姬的朋友看着Hey, girls, how's it going? Do I know you?姑娘们怎么样你是谁啊What'd you do, mug k-fed?当你自己是谁明星么Welcome to the bottom of the food chain.欢迎来到金字塔底部Hey, look, you always had my back in high school, okay?在高中永远有我支持你So if your spirit guide wants you to be a fake teenager...如果你的灵媒要你假扮青少年...And me to be your fake dad...我愿意做你的假老爸...The least I can do is make sure that my fake son doesn't look... 至少我能保证自己的假儿子看上去......Like a total douche.不那么傻气I don't look like a douche. What a douche.我才不傻真是个傻冒儿We're going shopping.我们去采购Really? Yes, your shirt is bedazzled.真的没错你的上衣让人看了眼晕Bedazzled with rhinestones.是宝石晃眼Let's go to school.去上学吧Hey, yo, check it out.快看呐老兄That's just rude.真嚣张What's up, dude?你看什么What are you looking at, punk?你乱看什么小阿飞Watch it. Wake up, douche.看着点醒醒吧傻子Sorry.抱歉No phones, no texting.别打电♥话♥ 别发短♥信♥ Settle, people. Settle down.坐好大家都坐好Take the roughhousing outside, class.禁止在教室打闹Hello?你好Hello? Where the hell are you?你好你到底在哪儿Oh, cr...我的天The thing. You mean our divorce?是那件事你是说我们的离婚Do you take any of this seriously?你到底有没有认真对待这事儿No, no! Yes, I take this seriously.没有不我很认真I had to leave the country very suddenly, uh...我突然需要出国...With the Mayan... Inca,去和玛雅人和印加人...I'm with the Incas in Peru.我现在秘鲁和印加人在一起We think we might have found the next...我想我们能找到新的......rogaine.生发剂Are you with a girl?你和一个女孩在一起?No, no. It's, uh, a bunch of cheerleaders.没有只不过是一群啦啦队员So would you consider maybe dating a 10th-grader? 你能和10年级生约会吗I think we could go for full custody.我认为抚养权可以完全归你No, you can't take my kids away from me.不你不能把孩子夺走Since when do you care?你何时开始关心了Look...听着...I'm a lot closer to them than you think.我和他们的距离远比你想像的要近Let's reschedule, okay?我们再谈好吗Hey, Maggie.玛姬Um, why is the new kid waving at me?为什么这个新生朝我挥手I don't know.我不知道But if that boy were an apple...如果这男孩是苹果的话...He'd be a delicious.味道一定不错Oh, god.天啊Gosh, we are all in such great shape.天我们身材都很棒Man, you know, I will tell you something.知道吗跟你透露个秘密In 10 years you're going to have this thing right here... 再过10年我们就该有啤酒肚了...That no amount of crunches will get rid of.做多少仰卧起坐都减不下去And spot reduction, total lie.局部瘦身? 全是胡说You know, I...我...Never mind. Give me the ball.别介意把球给我Fakes right, goes left.假动作向右实际向左And signature move.经典上篮Kid.孩子I'm coach Murphy.我是墨菲教练You're still here? What?你还没退休什么You're a legend.你是个传奇人物Yeah. Well, yeah. Twenty years.是啊不过是二十年前It's actually my last one.这是我带的最后一届了Good hops, kid. nice handle.跳跃力很好控球不错We're looking for a point guard.我们需要一个得分后卫Oh, yeah?是吗Why don't you come to tryouts? Okay.为什么不来试试好的I'm done talking to you. yeah, yeah.我说完了好的Hey, how's it going?进展如何Things are looking up.一起顺利Coach Murphy practically put me on the team.墨菲教练邀我入队That's not a coincidence. We're on the path.这不是个巧合一切都在步入正轨That's great.很好That's super you're finding your destiny and, blah, blah, whatever.你正找回自己的命运等等等等Here's something. I need you to do something for me.有件事情我需要你帮忙I need you to get in trouble.我需要你惹点事Not, like, big trouble.不要犯大事Just enough trouble so that the principal needs to meet with your father. 只要惹的麻烦足够让校长请家长就行Yeah, okay, well, we'll see.好吧再说吧Oh! boom. Ned!内德赢了Boom. Checkmate, Samir!萨米尔将死Damn it! Checkmate.见鬼将死Uh, can I get a little help in here?能帮我个忙吗Alex?阿莱克斯?How does it...?怎么会...Who did this to you? The basketball team.是谁干的篮球队的人But why? Why? You're one of them.为什么你是他们的队友啊You're popular.你人缘很好Uh, look, this is kind of personal, and I don't know you.这是私事我又不认识你I'm taped to the toilet. Yeah.我被粘在厕所上了是啊I'm sorry, I'm Mark Gold, uh,我是马克·高德your uncle Ned's kid. I just started here.是你内德叔叔的儿子我刚刚转来Oh, cool. Cool, yeah.不错很好Well, I'd shake your hand...我很想和你握手...But it's taped to my ass. Right. right.但手被粘在屁♥股♥上了没关系Would you mind?能帮个忙吗Yeah, yeah, sure. Yeah, um.当然当然谢谢Just rip. I'm going to get it.撕开就行我来撕Bandaid. Go for it.是胶布撕吧So how come we never met?为什么我们从未谋面My mom didn't want anyone to know she had a kid with Ned.我妈不想让人知道我是内德的私生子That makes sense. Yeah.这倒是是啊So since we're practically family and all...我们就像家人一样...My dad says we should just keep an eye on each other, you know?爸爸说我们应该互相照顾你说呢Uh, yeah. Why not?当然为什么不呢Next time you could get there before they tape me to the toilet. 下次你可以在他们把我绑在马桶之前救我You got it.没错This looks good.看上去很美味Who's that?那是谁Nicole. Are you two going out?妮可你们两个要约会No, no, she's the, uh, head cheerleader.不不她是啦啦队长She'd never go out with me.她不会和我约会的You know, when I first met your mother, I was so nervous...我第一次见到你妈妈的时候很是紧张You met my mother?你见过我妈妈What? My mother.什么我妈妈You said, "the first time I met your mother, I was nervous."你说你第一次见到我妈的时候很紧张Oh, that's weird. is your mom hot? Dude, what...?真是奇怪你妈妈很火♥辣♥吗老兄What do I say to that? I was joking. joking, dude.要我怎么回答我只是在开玩笑Stan.斯坦I hate that guy.我讨厌那人Oh. Thanks.天多谢What?想怎样Freshman. Good sandwich.新生三明治不错Is that the guy who taped you to the toilet?就是那个人把你绑在马桶上吗Yeah.没错Yesterday he shoved me in a washing machine in my own house.昨天他在我家把我塞进了洗衣机What was that jerk doing at your house? It's Maggie's boyfriend.那混♥蛋♥在你家干什么他是玛姬的男朋友Maggie has a boyfriend?玛姬居然有个男朋友...I'm very disappointed in your sister.我对你姐姐很失望He's looking. Don't make eye contact. He's kind of temperamental. 他在看你别看着他他脾气暴躁You're looking. stop it, stop it.你在看他别看了别看了I'll look at him.-就是要看他Hey, twinkle douche.这不是发光的傻冒儿吗If I wanted you in the cafeteria, I would've taped you to a lunch lady. 早知道你在食堂就该把你和煮饭婆绑一起You little punk.你这个小阿飞You don't talk to him that way.别这么跟他说话Yeah?怎么What are you gonna do?你能怎么样What am I gonna do?我能怎么样First...首先...I'm going to call your father.我要向你父亲告状Heads up!我警告你Give me my ball back, bitch.把球给我贱♥人♥You know, Stan, I feel sorry for you.斯坦我真为你感到悲哀You don't know me. Oh, but I do.。

轮机英语新版教材译文(党坤)

轮机英语新版教材译文(党坤)
气缸和气缸盖 在扫气箱上部,每个气缸装有一个坚固的铸铁框架。这些框架称作气缸体或冷却水套, 并带有垂直法兰,与扫气箱一样,可用螺栓将各框架连成首尾一组。 机座、机架和气缸体用长贯穿螺栓连到一起,形成一个较大的坚实结构,减少了使用时 产生的变形及振动。 气缸套由铸铁制造,缸套表面有时镀铬。气缸套有些向下延伸到扫气箱。缸套与扫气箱 顶部的密封由橡胶圈实现,橡胶圈安装在缸套上切削的环槽内。 在气缸套伸入扫气箱内的部位有一列开口就是所谓的扫气口。气口的高度是这样布置 的,当活塞位于下止点时,活塞上缘刚好打开气口。气口在缸套上以大约 200 的倾角钻成, 其结果是使扫气旋转。 缸盖装在缸套顶部的平面上,并由机械加工的凸肩定位。密封圈嵌入在缸盖锥形部分车 削的环槽中。将密封圈嵌入锥形面时必须十分小心。气缸盖和气缸套用旋入缸体中的双头螺 栓固定。 缸套上有钻孔,用于润滑,新型的缸套在其最上部钻孔用于冷却。 每个缸盖上有一个大型的中心孔,用于安装排气阀,还有两到三个用于装喷油器;还 有些孔用来安装起动阀、安全阀、示功阀,以及排气阀冷却水腔的进出口。
干货
单元货物(杂货):
√集装箱船 √滚装船 √重货船 √冷藏船
散货: √散货船 √矿砂船
√牲畜船
表 1 船舶类型 (1) 液货
旅客
√原油船 √成品油船 √化学品船 √液化石油气/液化天然气船
√客船 √客、货轮渡 √游船
海军渔业(Fra bibliotek) 多功能船挖泥等
工程船
2
√航母 √巡洋舰 √驱逐舰 √护卫舰 √潜艇 √扫雷舰
√拖网渔船 √其他捕鱼船
√耙吸式挖泥船 √绞吸式挖泥船 √废石倾倒船
√起重船 √布缆船 √浮筒带缆船 √溢油回收船 √人字起重架
辅助小船 √远洋拖船 √港内拖船 √破冰船 √引航船 √巡逻船 √科考船

《海底两万里》第十七章:海底的迷宫

《海底两万里》第十七章:海底的迷宫

《海底两万里》第十七章:海底的迷宫海底两万里第十七章:海底的迷宫
在《海底两万里》的第十七章中,主人公们在海底继续他们的探险之旅。

这一章中,他们遭遇了一个充满挑战和谜题的“海底迷宫”。

迷宫是由一系列巨大的石头和洞穴构成的,它们错综复杂地交错在一起,给主人公们带来了极大的困扰。

作为迷宫的首领,水电强力装置控制着迷宫中的水流,并改变着通路的形状。

主人公们需要谨慎地选择路径,通过迷宫并找到出口。

这需要他们的智慧、勇气和团队合作。

每个角色都展现出了他们的独特技能和才智,互相配合以克服各种困难。

在迷宫中,主人公们遇到了一些意想不到的挑战。

例如,他们需要解决一道巨大的机关谜题,破译一张古老的地图,以及应对随时改变的水流和狭窄的通道。

最终,主人公们成功地通过了迷宫,离开了这个危险而神秘的地方。

他们的勇敢和智慧使他们得以战胜一切困难,继续他们的海底探险之旅。

在本章中,《海底两万里》作者儒勒·凡尔纳展现了他的惊人创造力和才华。

通过描绘迷宫中复杂的环境和角色的挑战,他引起了读者对故事情节的紧张和激动。

这一章向读者展示了探险所需的勇气、智慧和团队合作的重要性。

它也向读者传递了一个积极的信息:只要我们克服困难并相信自己,我们就能够战胜任何障碍,达到自己的目标。

在接下来的章节中,我们可以期待更多的惊险和充满想象力的场景,以及主人公们的发展和成长。

《海底两万里》第十七章带给读者的紧张刺激和启发,必将持续贯穿整个故事。

商务电传电报的翻译

商务电传电报的翻译

第三节商务电传电报的翻译电报,即用电信号传递的文字信息。

电报因其译码、传递速度、信息内容等的不同,可以分成很多类:明码电报与密码电报;普通电报与加急电报;公务电报与私务电报等等。

电传(telex)是采用电码信号发出,经电路传输电信号至收方并能直接打印出文字的一种通信方式。

电传通信的优点是自动打印,传输速度快,准确率高的先进通信方式。

20世纪40年代,电传通信有很大发展。

相应的配套设备和传输手段(包括有线载波机和无线移频收发讯机等)都达到成熟阶段。

到了50年代,电传成为远途传递信息的一个重要手段。

直至当今的二十一世纪,虽然计算机通信有了迅猛发展,但是电传仍占据重要地位。

电传打印机可安装在办公室内,即使你不在办公室里,打印机也可在无人状态下自动收发电文,省却了去邮电局发电传的麻烦,而且在发电传时,可以即时得到对方的应答,每分钟可传送大约67个词,方便迅速。

电报电传是一种远距离交流信息的重要手段, 一般用于重要而紧急的业务联系,目的是为了争取时间。

在十几年前,电报是唯一的快捷方式,后来又出现了电话传真(电传)的方式,现在,电传成为最常用的商贸交流手段。

随着社会的进步和科技的发展,将可能会被电子邮件、可视电话等所取代,但各种方式都有自身的优点和不足,人们将会根据不同的情况有选择地进行使用。

尽管随着科技的发展,电报电传的作用会受到挑战,但无论方式怎样变化,其语言风格将会被人们所沿用。

1.电报电传的特点电报电传是一种应用文体形式在商贸领域中得到广泛的应用,电报稿的内容由以下几方面组成:受报人的地址、姓名、称呼语(内容要正确、字迹要清楚);电报正文(内容应力求简明扼要、用语准确);署名和时间。

它有自身的特点。

1.1往来的快捷性电报电传是一种常用的文体,它的优点在于传递速度快,还能引起收受人对有关事情的紧迫性的关注与重视,因而在商贸活动中起着极其重要的作用,是商贸信函、电话等其它联系方式所无法替代的。

电报电传最重要的在于它的时效性。

第十七届韩素音翻译大赛英译汉部分原文

第十七届韩素音翻译大赛英译汉部分原文
Why nature should conform to theories we find beautiful is far from obvious. The most incomprehensible thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it’s comprehensible. How unlikely, that a short—lived biped on a two--bit planet should be able to gauge the speed of light, lay bare the structure of an atom, or calculate the gravitational tug of a black hole. We’re a long way from understanding everything, but we do understand a great deal about how nature behaves. Generation after generation, we puzzle out formulas, test them, and find, to an astonishing degree, that nature agrees. An architect draws designs on flimsy paper, and her buildings stand up through earthquakes. We launch a satellite into orbit and use it to bounce messages from continent to continent. The machine on which I write these words embodies hundreds of insights into the workings of the material world, insights that are confirmed by every burst of letters on the screen, and I stare at that screen through lenses that obey the laws of optics first worked out in detail by Issac Newton.
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第十七章悬架导向机构引言设计量产车或赛车的悬架系统需要各方面的科学知识。

这个章节只涵盖这些方面中的一个---悬架运动和几何。

这个章节不涉及平顺性和部件在载荷下的弯曲变现。

这些东西会在第23章中讨论我们讨论的悬架几何指的是广义上的如何把非簧载质量连接在簧载质量。

这些连接不仅仅决定它们之间的相对运动还控制它们之间力的传递。

任何特定的几何设计都必须是为了配合特定的车型而设计的。

不存在最好的几何结构。

17.1自由度和运动轨迹对于一个非独立悬架,作为前或后悬架,这个控制臂总成是被用来控制某个车轮相对于车身的运动路径。

这个轨迹包括轮胎倾角的增加,主销内倾和束角的变化,这些都按照设计者的要求。

但他任然按照一个轨迹上下运动。

在工程界,我们可以说车轮有一个固定的相对车身运动的路径。

车轮不被不允许在这个轨迹的前后和侧面运动。

转向节除了确定的路径不被允许旋转。

(当然轮胎被允许绕着轴旋转)悬架连杆被要求在各个方向上将转向节非常准确的定位而允许他上下运动。

前悬架只有当转向系统要求时才需要留出转向角度空间对任何相对于别的物体运动的物体,它的运动可以用三个直线自由度和三个旋转自由度完全定义。

一个在三维空间的单个的物体可以说有六个自由度。

我们在之前说过:任何独立悬架只允许有一个转向节相对车架运动的路径。

另一个相同的说法是悬架提供五个方向的自由度限制。

它严格控制了在五个方向上的运动。

在现实世界中,这种机械装置就限制特定的自由度反面而言是不完美的。

所以学习独立悬架几何就是确定如何限制转向节在五个方向上的运动。

如果你唯一可以用来设计悬架几何的部件是两头都带球头销的直杆,这个要求的限制可以用五个连杆来完成。

换句话说要限制五个自由度需要用正好五根拉压杆来完成。

为了理解这个观点要先了解相关部件,我们应该了解什么类型的悬架部件可以提供什么样的约束。

通过17.2你可以看到A臂相当于两个直杆外端连在一个球头销上。

一个麦克弗森支柱是一个滑竿运动机构,相当于一个无限长的直角滑块的A臂现在,有了这个概念,我们可以看到大多数独立悬架是由5根这样的连杆组成的。

这是一个典型的双A臂悬架,有两个A臂和一个拉杆。

因此,每个A臂是两个拉杆和一个横拉杆总共五个。

一个麦弗逊悬支柱有两个连杆约束,下A臂有两个,横拉杆一个共五个。

有些悬架因为杆比较少而不这么明显。

不过它们通常的做法是引入一个弯曲要求来达要求的运动约束。

一个这方面的例子是前置斜定位臂后悬架。

在这种悬架中就有一个臂,他的作用相当于五个直杆,不过为了做到这点,他必须在三个旋转方向上扭转和弯曲比较硬。

对于一体式后轴(有时用在前轴),两个车轮是被绑在一起的,所以一个车轮的运动会影响到另一个。

当两个车轮连在一起,他们相对于车身有两种不同的运动关系,它们可以一起上下运动(平行运动)或者它可以在相反的方向上运动一个向上一个向下(滚动)。

在运动学中这个轴就有两个相对车身运动的自由度。

在空间运动中有六个自由度,但我们设计一体式悬架时我们要约束其中四个。

这可以通过只使用四个拉压杆件来实现。

17.2瞬心的定义贯穿这个章节余下内容的瞬心被用来描述和决定一般悬架的参数。

为了能够更清楚地讨论关于瞬心的问题。

这个“瞬间”的意思是杆系的某个特殊位置。

中心指的是假设一个虚拟的点替代这个杆系在这个瞬间的旋转中心。

图17.5展示了如两根短杆如何被一根较长的杆代替。

当这个杆系运动时,这个中点也在运动。

所以合适的几何结构设计不仅仅要让所有瞬心都在所要求的位置上(相对车身高度的方向),而且要控制它的运动速度和悬架运动时他们的运动方向。

瞬心是来自于对二维空间的运动学的研究(也就是在一个平面上)。

他们是一个方便地建立两个运动件间运动关系的图示法。

在悬架设计中它可以方便地把一个三维问题转换成二维问题。

我们这里谈论的是正视图和侧视图。

我们要做的是做一个通过轮胎中心的垂面(即与地面成90°的面),一个平行于车辆中心线,另一个与车辆中心线成直角。

我们把悬架上所有点都投影到这些面上。

当我们来连接球头销和控制臂轴套并将它投影相交在一个面,上下控制臂都做这样一个线,他们通常先交在一点。

这个交点就是这个杆系的瞬心。

如果你做了这个投影,在正视图瞬心就确定了车轮外倾角变化率,一部分侧倾中心数据(信息),主销运动和决定转向特性所需要的数据。

如果你在侧视图上这么做,这个瞬心定义了车轮前后纵向运动的路径,抗点头,抬头的信息和主销后倾变化率。

就所有的三维物体,可以得到三个正交的视图,因为第三个方向的视图(俯视图)包含的有用轮胎轨迹信息很少。

瞬时轴线在真正的三维空间中,瞬心可以用瞬时轴线来代替。

如果我们在侧视图和后视图上画出瞬心并把他们连接起来我们就会得到一根线。

这根线可以被认为是转向节相对于车身运动的瞬时轴线。

独立悬架有一个瞬时运动轴线因为他们有五个被限制的自由度,当然,这跟线随着车身高度变化而变化。

后轴有两根瞬时轴线,一个是平行的上下运动,一个是转动;这些也是随着车身高度的变化而移动的。

所以任何时候我们研究一个特定的悬架系统我们都应该建立瞬心或瞬时轴线。

这章剩下的部分将用于讨论典型的前后悬架,和讨论如何调节他们以符合赛车的需要。

17.3独立悬架所有的独立悬架都有两个瞬心(随上升和下降变化)这个决定了所设计悬架的性能。

侧视图上的瞬心控制着于纵向加速度相关的力和运动因素,同时正视图上的侧倾中心控制着与侧向加速度有关的力和运动因素。

正视图悬架几何正视图控制臂的瞬心位置决定了侧倾中心高度,轮胎外倾变化率和轮胎侧向磨损。

这个瞬心可以在轮胎的内侧也可以在轮胎的外侧。

它可以在地面以上或以下。

这个位置取决于设计者对性能的要求。

侧倾中心侧倾中心高度是通过投影从车轮接地面中心到正视图瞬心连线建立的如图17.7。

在车的每一侧都重复做。

这两条线的交点就是这辆车簧载质量相对地面的侧倾中心。

它不是必须在车的中心线上,特别是在非对称的悬架几何上或是假设车在转向侧倾时。

很明显侧倾中心高于或低于地面是受到瞬心的高度控制的,这其中包括轮胎瞬心的位置,瞬心是在轮胎接地点的内侧还是外侧。

既然现在你知道如何找到侧倾中心,那它意味着什么?侧倾中心建立了簧载和非簧载质量的力连接点。

当汽车转向时,重心处的离心力由轮胎来抵抗。

正如图中的那样作用在重心的侧向力可以被转换到侧倾中心上变成适当的力和力矩。

越高的侧倾中心对应更小的侧倾力矩,越低的侧倾中心对应更大的侧倾力矩。

你同样会注意到高的侧倾中心使作用在侧倾中心上的侧向力是高于地面的。

侧倾力乘以到地面的距离可以被称为非侧倾力矩。

所以侧倾中心的高度用来权衡侧倾力矩和非侧倾力矩的效果(具体见18章)上面提到的这些是简单的和直接的。

当然另一个建立理想侧倾中心高度的因素是水平和垂直方向的综合作用。

如果侧倾中心在地面以上由车轮传来的侧向力会在瞬心产生一个力矩。

这个力矩向下压轮胎同时向上抬簧载质量,这被称为千斤顶效应。

如果侧倾中心在地面下这些力会向下压簧载质量。

无论哪种情况簧载质量都会因为侧向力而产生一个垂直方向的偏移!这点经常出现在摆动桥后悬架的老式车上。

另一种分析这个现象的方法如B,这个在轮胎接地点的合力是用图示法画出在瞬心处的合力的反作用力,同时侧向和垂直的分力也被画出,这个画出的垂直分力会举起簧载质量。

车轮外倾角变化率轮胎外倾角变化率只与正视图等效摆臂的长度有关然而侧倾中心是正视图等效摆臂的长度和高度决定了侧倾中心(figure 17.9)。

如果你用一根从转向节到瞬心的单独杆来代替悬架控制臂,这个轮胎外倾角的变化率是即车轮每运动一英寸对应的车轮外倾角camber change rate=arctan(l/fvsa length)。

注:这有别于静态车轮外倾设置和定位。

正视图悬架几何变化率早先提及的控制臂摆臂的定义和瞬心中瞬间的意思是指在悬架行程的某个位置上。

记住这个瞬心是会随着轮胎运动的。

它运动的速度多快取决于在正视图和侧视图上控制臂绝对和相对的长度。

外倾角变化曲线可以通过选择不同长度的上控制臂来得到随车轮运动或多或少的外倾角变化尽管此时悬架机构的瞬心高度是相同的。

这里要做的是保持在同一车身高度的横摆臂长度但它变长或变短会随着车轮的运动或快或慢的变化。

磨胎半径另一个可以从正视图上得到的是轮胎拖距。

这是因为轮胎垂直方向上的运动造成的相对于地面侧向运动。

磨胎半径在每种悬架系统上都存在。

磨胎半径的数值由控制臂的长度和正视图瞬心相对于地面的位置所决定的。

当正视图上的瞬心在除了地面外的任何地方上时,磨胎半径是被增加的。

如果瞬心在地面以上并在车轮内侧时,轮胎在上跳时会向外运动。

如果瞬心是在地面以下并车轮内侧时轮胎上跳时是想内侧运动的。

在他运动时这个数值变化多少是由摆臂的长度和摆臂的离地高度有关。

高低不平的路上如果有磨胎半径那轮胎的轨迹就不是一条严格的直线。

(如图17.11)一定的磨胎半径会使得轮胎产生侧向加速度,当向前加速时会改变轮胎的侧偏角。

这就会反过来影响车辆的侧向运动。

在相同的侧偏角下垂直运动时会增加粘性阻尼。

侧视图摆臂几何侧视图摆臂控制前后方向上的控制运动和力。

典型的悬架参数是抗减速前俯(抗点头),加速抗抬头,抗后悬下沉和轮胎轨迹。

侧视图摆臂的位置可以在车轮中心前或后,上或下是所有前后悬架可能用的悬架结构。

典型的侧倾中心是前悬架在车轮中心的后上方,但多数后悬架的侧倾中心是在前上方。

抵抗能力抵抗能力是悬架上的一个术语,他指的是簧载质量和非簧载质量上垂直力和纵向力的连接。

它仅仅和侧视图摆臂的倾斜和角度有关。

悬架的抵抗并不会改变在轮胎接地点上的稳态载荷转移。

这个在恒定加速度或减速度的情况下的纵向载荷转移只和轴距,质心高度,减速度braking force(weight)x(ax /g)有关,就像在图17.12中所示的车。

这里的轮荷变化悬架抵抗能力的大小不会改变由弹簧和车身姿态决定的载荷分配。

图7.12所示的是一辆轮边制动的车,用图示法表示了由抗减速前俯,加速抗后蹲几何结构所产生的反作用力。

这个制动力分配(或制动力平衡)决定了纵向合力中一部分力。

前面的抗前俯率为:(h/l)/g)(a m length)-a height/svs -vsa braking)(s /g)(%front m(a %x x ⨯⨯=-divefront anti 计算后悬架的抗前俯率时替换成后轮角度和制动分配率。

图17.3,17.14和17.15展示的是在其他情况下用适当的角度计算抗前俯率。

如果悬架有百分之百的抗前俯率,所有的纵向力转移都必须由控制臂来承担而悬架弹簧一点都不承担,所以当加速或制动时悬架没有运动。

如果悬架的抗前俯率是零,那么所有的轴荷转移都是由弹簧的反作用力产生的同时悬架的变形与车轮中心刚度成比例,没有转移的载荷需要悬架控制臂来承担。

抗前俯率为零的情况出现在如图所示的θ和φ为零的时候。

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