雅思单项进阶写作
雅思单项进阶-写作整理l 沪江留学作文二比作文一所占的分数比例要大，如果考生没有完成这部分内容成绩将大打折扣。
这一部分考察的是考生对一个论点进行论述、并提供清晰的论据或举例支持论点的能力。
考官将对考生组织这些信息的能力以及语言使用的准确性进行评分。
二．评分标准大作文写作话题分类（出题频率从高到低排列）1.教育类It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?（剑10 Test 1）2.社会类Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? （剑10 Test 3）3.政府类Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? （剑11 Test 1）4.环境生态类Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement. To what extant do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? （剑11 Test 2）5.科技类Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development? （剑8 Test 2）6.犯罪类Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinions. （剑7 Test 2）三．题型分类小作文：曲线图、柱状图、表图、饼状图、混合图形、地图题、流程图大作文：观点类、论述类、报告类四．题型解析小作文：1.曲线图在小作文的几种题型中，曲线图考的频率最高。
此外，由于曲线图可以理解为任何其他一种图形的原型，考生对于曲线图写作的把握对尤为重要。
曲线图式主要以横轴、纵轴为主要指标(一般横轴表示时间，纵轴表示数值)，以曲线的形式来表达图中所描述对象(一般不止一个)在不同的时间所对应指标的变化。
请参照《剑九》Test 1 T ask 1：2.柱状图在雅思小作文数据类题目中，柱状图的信息量往往较多且杂，因而成为了了大部分雅思考生比较头疼的题型。
在对雅思作文柱状图的数据处理的过程中，除了对柱状图进行动态或静态的区分、进而对数据进行相应的变化趋势或分布状态描述以外，在雅思文章中还有一个重要的细节需要进行阐述，而这个夺分的关键，就是柱子间的差距所体现出的信息。
请参照《剑九》Test 2 T ask 1：3.表图在小作文的几种题型中，表格图往往最困扰广大考生，很大一部分考生会碰到以下状况，比如表格看懂了，但是因为数据繁多而且凌乱，一时半会儿找不出很明显的特征，不知从何下手;或是找到了很多特征，但是不知道用什么样的顺序、结构和衔接方式把这些特征条理清晰地传达出来;又或是大体清楚该写什么，怎么写，但是在具体写的时候，老是丢三落四的，把一些信息给遗漏掉了等等。
这时，考生所面临的主要不是语言方面的问题，而是写作步骤和写作思路方面的问题，也就是不知道应该用什么样的步骤和思路把表格图中那些看似复杂无序的数据自然而且毫不遗漏地贯穿起来。
请参照《剑七》Test 1 T ask 1：The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.4.饼状图饼形图与柱形图或者是线形图所截然不同的是它没有了横轴与纵轴，而以饼形的分割来表示百分比，但我们仍可以依照三步的审题分析法来进行观察：Step 1: 观察共有几张饼图，以及它们之间的关系是什么(一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图); Step 2: 观察每张饼图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么;Step 3: 观察单个饼图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼图间的百分比的比较或发展。
请参照《剑九》Test 3 T ask 1：5.混合图形混合图是任意两种或两种以上搭配在一起的不同类型的图形，比如：饼图+表格，表格+柱形图之类的。
混合图在考试的时候考到的几率不高，不过在雅思写作考试中，考生还是不能忽视对混合图的准备，所以同学们要引起重视。
另外要特别注意的是，有同学问：“如果碰到同一种图形，但是有多个，这种算不算组合图或者混合图呢?”回答是：“这个不算，比如你碰到三个饼图或者两个线图，也是属于饼图或者线图里面的，只不过这几个图之间，有可能是相互之间有联系的，或者相互之间没有联系的。
”但是它们的写法和今天要讨论的混合图是不一样的。
请参照《剑八》Test 1 T ask 1：6.地图题地图题写作在很多书上都没有系统的指导，它有别于那些规律的饼图柱图，构思方面没有数据图那么复杂，但在语言驾驭，很多学生都感到很陌生。
地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。
地理变迁题描述的是一个地方(多为一个城镇)在一段时间的发展变化。
选址题描述的是在某地选择一个最佳区位作为某一建筑的地址。
请参照《剑九》Test 1 T ask 1：The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some facilities. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.7.流程图在考试中，小作文中的流程图一般会给出一个介绍制作步骤(食品、零件等)的图表，根据所给图表对整个制作流程进行描述。
通常情况，由于陌生词汇，考生自己也不知所给图表中描述的是什么物体的制作流程，再加上不清楚所形容各种步骤的单词。
如何清晰完整地描述流程图，对很多同学都成为一挑战。
雅思流程图作文在雅思写作考试中出现的概率较低，虽然出现的概率较低，但是考生们也必须得准备，如果恰巧出现，而你又恰巧没准备的话，那后果是不是很严重呢？流程图和其他数据图最大的区别在于：流程图是纯文字的，以描述为主，属于说明文。
相比之下，柱状图、饼状图、表格等数据图则需要对数据进行分析和比较。
从这个角度来说，其实数据图更难。
写好流程图，需要注意以下五个方面：一、时态相对单一，主要用一般现在时。
二、经常使用被动语态，显得比较客观和正式。
三、找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段。
四、掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。
五、对于题目里出现的专业词汇或生词，不认识也没关系，只需照抄即可。
简单地说, 流程图的本质其实就是要求学生将图中出现的文字信息用连贯的语言串起来，不需要过多地发挥。
建议同学们考前可以多看几篇雅思流程图作文的范文，以及写作机经里的流程图例子等等。
熟悉雅思流程图作文的写作方法和写作特点，做好准备。
请参照《剑八》Test 3 T ask 1：五．提升技巧、备考方法1. 夯实基础、全面备考。
对于长期备考的同学，在准备初期要在词汇和语法方面打好基础。
写作词汇的使用要注意准确、符合语境，切忌用一些不恰当的大词。
语法方面，在确保准确的前提下，提高句式和表达的多样性。
备考要涵盖考试大小作文的各个题型；对于大作文的主要考察话题，都需要逐一写练，不可遗漏或者存在侥幸心理。
2. 参照评分标准的各项要求，从任务完成、连贯衔接、语法和词汇四个方面着手，提升写作实力。
3. 勤写勤练。
写作练手要有量的积累。
习作完成之后，要反复修改、思考改进方法；并建议对照相应话题的高分范文学习。
此外，仔细研习和体会考官范文也十分必要。
六．写作原则技巧1. 雅思文章为正式文体，所以尽量不要出现缩写，wasn’t 建议写成was not。
2.在雅思写作中，英式和美式拼写都接受，但我们还是尽量做到两者不混淆。
雅思 c17 t1的作文范文
雅思 c17 t1的作文范文英文回答：In this rapidly evolving technological landscape, it is imperative that individuals possess the ability to navigate and comprehend complex information effectively. The capacity to synthesize knowledge from a range of sources, both online and offline, empowers individuals to make informed decisions and navigate the challenges of the modern world. Furthermore, the ability to critically evaluate the credibility and reliability of information sources ensures that individuals are not misled by misinformation or false narratives.The internet has emerged as a vast repository of knowledge, providing access to an unprecedented wealth of information. However, this abundance of information also presents challenges in terms of filtering and assessing its quality. The ability to synthesize information from various online sources requires a discerning mind that can identifycredible sources, evaluate the validity of claims, and extract relevant information. By combining insights from multiple perspectives, individuals can form a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues.In addition to online sources, offline resources such as books, journals, and scholarly articles remain valuable sources of knowledge. These materials often undergo a rigorous peer-review process, ensuring their accuracy and reliability. Engaging with offline resources provides individuals with a solid foundation in a particular field and fosters a deeper understanding of concepts. By leveraging both online and offline sources, individuals can triangulate information, corroborate findings, and develop a more nuanced understanding of the world around them.Moreover, the ability to critically evaluate the credibility and reliability of information sources is essential in the age of information overload. With the proliferation of fake news and misinformation, it is more important than ever to be able to discern between credible and unreliable information. Evaluating the author'scredentials, examining the sources cited, and considering the potential biases of the information source can help individuals make informed judgments about the trustworthiness of information. By developing thesecritical thinking skills, individuals can protect themselves from being misled by false narratives and make more informed decisions.In conclusion, the ability to synthesize knowledge from a range of sources and critically evaluate the credibility and reliability of information sources is a crucial skillin the 21st century. It empowers individuals to navigate the complex information landscape effectively, make informed decisions, and contribute meaningfully to society. By fostering these skills, individuals can become discerning consumers of information, lifelong learners, and active participants in the global knowledge economy.中文回答：在快速发展的科技领域中，个人必须具备有效获取和理解复杂信息的能力。
2019年雅思写作：IELTS Band 7 Writing
2019年雅思写作：IELTS Band 7 Writing 评分标准1 ： Task response官方7分评分标准：给出主要观点，并且要拓展和支持。
写作策略：主体段的中心句对应题目，写清楚观点。
开门见山，不要使用别扭和长的套句。
多想原因，具体论述，而不是一句话换了单词来回说。
没有论述完的观点，一定要论述清楚，模版要有大胆放弃的勇气。
观点不求新颖，简单的观点和浅而易懂的道理说清楚即可。
评分标准2：coherence and cohesion官方7分评分标准：有逻辑地组织信息和观点，具备清晰的论述推动关系。
句子连接的方式合适。
写作策略：每写一个观点，先做一定的计划(planning);思路清晰。
考虑清楚观点的逻辑关系;细细体会句子的推动关系。
意思类似的句子懂得合并，或者写成复杂句。
论述一定要推出中心句，仅仅有联系但是论证不了中心句的句子一定要删除。
连接词恰当才用。
评分标准3：lexical resource官方7分评分标准：充分使用词汇，考虑灵活性和准确性。
能够使用一些不普通的词汇，知道恰当性和词伙。
写作策略：多记相关的词伙。
使用替换词要多注意词性和语境。
评分标准4：grammatical range and accuracy官方7分评分标准：用各种各样的复杂结构。
能够写出很多没有错误的句子。
写作策略：锻炼对语法错误的敏感。
要熟悉不同的从句，灵活使用，譬如说以“wh”词引导的名词性从句和定语从句的有效使用。
2024年4月20日雅思小作文题目
2024年4月20日雅思小作文题目In today's fast-paced and interconnected world, the issue of technological advancements and their impact on society has become a topic of great significance. As we delve into the year 2024, the question of whether technology has brought more harm than good is a pressing concern that requires in-depth analysis and evaluation. This essay aims to explore the multifaceted nature of this topic, considering historical developments, various perspectives, case studies, and a critical evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements. Ultimately, we will conclude with insights into the future implications and recommendations related to this complex issue.To begin with, it is essential to acknowledge the rapid pace at which technology has evolved over the years. From the invention of the wheel to the internet revolution, humanity has witnessed remarkable advancements that have transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. These developments have undoubtedly brought about numerous benefits, such as increased efficiency, convenience, and connectivity. However, along with these advantages, technologyhas also introduced new challenges and complexities that have raised concernsabout its impact on individuals, communities, and the environment.Looking back at the historical background of technological advancements, wecan see how innovations have shaped the course of human history. The Industrial Revolution, for example, marked a significant turning point in the way goods were produced and distributed, leading to unprecedented economic growth and societal changes. Similarly, the digital revolution of the 20th century ushered in a newera of information technology, enabling global communication and access to vast amounts of knowledge. These historical developments have laid the foundation for the technological landscape we see today, characterized by artificial intelligence, automation, and big data.In analyzing different perspectives on the impact of technology, it is crucial to consider the diverse viewpoints that exist within society. Some argue thattechnological advancements have greatly improved our quality of life, making tasks easier, faster, and more efficient. For instance, the healthcare industry has benefited from innovations such as telemedicine and electronic health records, which have enhanced patient care and treatment outcomes. On the other hand,critics raise concerns about the negative consequences of technology, including job displacement, privacy issues, and environmental degradation. The rise of automation, for instance, has led to fears of mass unemployment as machines replace human workers in various industries.To illustrate key points, let us consider a case study of the impact of social media on mental health. With the widespread use of platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, individuals are constantly exposed to curated images and narratives that can lead to feelings of inadequacy, loneliness, and anxiety. Studies have shown a correlation between excessive social media use and poor mental health outcomes, highlighting the need for greater awareness and regulation of these platforms. While social media has the potential to connect people across the globe, it also poses risks to our psychological well-being that must be addressed.In offering a critical evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of each innovation. On the one hand, technology has revolutionized industries, improved healthcare outcomes, and facilitated global communication. On the other hand, it has also contributed to social inequalities, environmental degradation, andethical dilemmas. As we navigate the complexities of the digital age, it is essential to strike a balance between harnessing the benefits of technology and mitigating its negative impacts on society.Looking ahead to the future, it is clear that technology will continue to play a central role in shaping our world. As we embrace new innovations and advancements, it is crucial to prioritize ethical considerations, sustainability, and inclusivity in our technological development. By fostering a culture of responsible innovation and collaboration, we can ensure that technology serves thegreater good and enhances the well-being of all individuals. In conclusion, the impact of technology on society is a multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration and thoughtful action to navigate effectively in the years to come.。
2024年雅思作文题目汇总
2024年雅思作文题目汇总In 2024, the IELTS essay topics may cover a wide range of issues and subjects. It is important for test-takers to be prepared for any potential topic that may be presented to them. Some potential essay topics for the year 2024 could include:1. Climate Change: With the increasing awareness and urgency surrounding climate change, test-takers may be asked to discuss the causes, effects, and potential solutions to this global issue. They may also be asked to explore the role of individuals, governments, and businesses in addressing climate change.2. Technology and Society: As technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, test-takers may be asked to examine the impact of technology on society. This could include discussions on the benefits and drawbacks of technological advancements, as well as the ethical considerations surrounding issues such as privacy and artificial intelligence.3. Globalization: The interconnectedness of the world through trade, communication, and travel has become a defining feature of the 21st century. Test-takers may be prompted to discuss the effects of globalization on cultures, economies, and the environment, as well as the potential challenges and opportunities it presents.4. Health and Wellbeing: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global attention to the importance of public health and wellbeing. Test-takers may be asked to explore topics such as access to healthcare, mental health awareness, and the role of governments in promoting healthy lifestyles.5. Education and Learning: With advancements in technology and changes in the job market, education and learning have become increasingly important. Test-takers may be prompted to discuss the role of traditional education versus online learning, the importance of lifelong learning, and the potential challenges of an evolving job market.6. Social Issues: Topics such as inequality, discrimination, and human rights may also be included in the essay prompts for 2024. Test-takers may be asked to explore these complex issues and consider potential solutions to address them.In conclusion, the IELTS essay topics for 2024 are likely to cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the modern world. Test-takers should be prepared to address these topics from multiple perspectives, incorporating emotional elements and demonstrating critical thinking skills. By being well-informed and practicing their writing skills, test-takers can approach any potential essay topic with confidence and proficiency.。
50篇雅思小作文模板
50篇雅思小作文模板1. Technology in Education: The Benefits and Drawbacks。
2. The Impact of Social Media on Society。
3. The Importance of Learning a Second Language。
4. The Benefits of Traveling Abroad。
5. The Effects of Globalization on Culture。
6. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping。
7. The Importance of Physical Exercise。
8. The Impact of Climate Change on the Environment。
9. The Benefits of Volunteering。
10. The Role of Government in Promoting Health。
11. The Effects of Stress on Mental Health。
12. The Importance of Time Management。
13. The Benefits of a Balanced Diet。
14. The Impact of Music on Emotions。
15. The Role of Family in Child Development。
16. The Effects of Technology on Communication。
17. The Benefits of Renewable Energy。
18. The Importance of Financial Literacy。
19. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society。
2024雅思作文
2024雅思作文As we step into the year 2024, I am filled with hope and anticipation for what the new year will bring. This year, I have set several personal goals and dreams that I hope to achieve.Firstly, I aim to improve my academic performance. I understand that education is the foundation for a successful future, and I am committed to studying harder and being more organized with my time. I plan to participate in more after-school activities and clubs to broaden my horizons and develop new skills.Secondly, I want to focus on my physical health. I intend to exercise regularly and maintain a balanced diet. I believe that a healthy body is essential for a healthy mind, and I want to feel energetic and strong throughout the year.Thirdly, I am determined to learn a new language. I have always been fascinated by different cultures, and learning a new language will help me connect with people from around the world. I am excited about the challenge and the opportunities it will bring.Lastly, I hope to contribute to my community. I want to volunteer more and find ways to make a positive impact onthe lives of others. Whether it's through tutoring, environmental clean-ups, or charity work, I believe that small acts of kindness can make a big difference.In conclusion, 2024 is a year of new beginnings for me. I am ready to embrace the challenges and opportunities that come my way, and I am confident that with determination and hard work, I can make my hopes for the year a reality.中文翻译：随着我们步入2024年，我对新的一年充满了希望和期待。
2024年雅思纸笔考试作文题目
2024年雅思纸笔考试作文题目In 2024, the IELTS paper-based exam essay topic may revolve around the impact of technology on human relationships. This is a relevant and thought-provoking topic that requires a comprehensive analysis from various perspectives.First and foremost, the advancement of technology has undeniablyrevolutionized the way we communicate and interact with one another. With the rise of social media, instant messaging, and video calls, people are now able to connect with others regardless of geographical barriers. This has certainly facilitated long-distance relationships and enabled individuals to stay in touch with friends and family members across the globe. Moreover, technology has also provided platforms for people to meet new friends and potential partners through online dating apps and social networking sites.On the other hand, the excessive use of technology has brought about negative consequences to human relationships. Many individuals are now glued to their electronic devices, leading to a decline in face-to-face interactions. This has resulted in a lack of genuine connection and intimacy in relationships, as people are more focused on their virtual lives rather than nurturing real-life connections. Furthermore, the prevalence of cyberbullying and online harassment has also posed a threat to the quality of human relationships, as individuals may experience emotional distress and trauma from negative online experiences.From a psychological perspective, the impact of technology on human relationships is a complex and multifaceted issue. On one hand, technology has provided a sense of belonging and connectedness for individuals who may feel isolated or marginalized in society. This can be particularly beneficial for introverted individuals or those with social anxiety, as they are able to engage in social interactions from the comfort of their own homes. However, the overreliance on technology for socialization may also lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection, as individuals may struggle to form meaningful and authentic relationships in the absence of digital communication.In addition, the influence of technology on romantic relationships is a significant aspect to consider. With the prevalence of online dating platforms and virtual matchmaking services, individuals now have access to a wider pool of potential partners. This has undoubtedly expanded the possibilities for finding love and companionship, especially for those who may have difficulty meeting new people in their immediate social circles. However, the superficial nature of online interactions and the prevalence of catfishing and deceptive behavior in online dating can also lead to disillusionment and distrust in the search for genuine romantic connections.In conclusion, the impact of technology on human relationships is a multifaceted issue that warrants careful consideration from various perspectives. While technology has undoubtedly facilitated communication and connection on a global scale, it has also brought about challenges and drawbacks that affect the quality of human relationships. It is imperative for individuals to strike a balance between the use of technology and the cultivation of genuine, meaningful connections in order to foster healthy and fulfilling relationships in the digital age.。
剑桥雅思写作9分范文
剑桥雅思写作9分范文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：剑桥雅思写作9分范文是许多考生梦寐以求的目标，因为在雅思考试中，写作部分是考生们最容易失分的一个环节，而如果能够获得9分的成绩，不仅可以为自己的留学梦想加分，还可以为自己的英语水平证明注入信心。
下面我将为大家分享一篇剑桥雅思写作9分范文，供大家参考。
雅思写作的主题通常是关于社会、文化、环境等方面的话题，以此来考察考生们对于当今社会问题的理解和分析能力。
以下是一篇经典的剑桥雅思写作9分范文：题目：现代社会中越来越多的年轻人选择过简单的生活方式，他们放弃了追求财富和名利的念头，转而追求简单而真实的生活。
请你谈谈对这种趋势的看法。
范文：In today's society, more and more young people are choosing to live a simple life. They are abandoning the pursuit of wealth and fame, instead opting for a simple and authentic lifestyle. This trend has sparked a heated debate among people.On the one hand, those who support this trend argue that the pursuit of simplicity can bring a sense of peace and contentment to individuals. In a fast-paced and materialistic society, many young people feel overwhelmed by the pressureto succeed and constantly compare themselves to others. By choosing to live a simple life, they can focus on what truly matters to them, such as personal relationships, health, and personal growth. Moreover, living a simple life can also have positive effects on the environment, as it involves consuming less and reducing waste.以上就是一篇经典的剑桥雅思写作9分范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
2024雅思写作范文
2024雅思写作范文（中英文版）English:The topic of discussion in this IELTS writing sample is whether parents should encourage their children to pursue careers in STEM fields.While some argue that it is crucial to foster interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, others believe that children should be free to choose their own paths.中文：在这篇2024年的雅思写作范文中，讨论的主题是父母是否应该鼓励他们的孩子从事STEM领域的事业。
有些人认为培养对科学、技术、工程和数学的兴趣至关重要，而其他人则认为孩子们应该自由选择自己的道路。
English:In the introduction, the writer presents both perspectives and outlines the main arguments that will be discussed in the essay.The body paragraphs contain detailed explanations and examples to support each viewpoint.The writer also addresses potential counterarguments and provides reasons why they are not valid.中文：在引言部分，作者提出了两种观点，并概述了将在文章中讨论的主要论点。
主体段落包含详细的解释和例子来支持每个观点。
新雅思考试写作范文(推荐十四篇)
雅思考试写作范文(推荐十四篇)5雅思考试写作范文(篇一)In recent years, there has been growing interest in therelationship between equality and personal people believe that individuals can achieve more inegalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?平等社会个人成就大；放任自由发展的社会个人成就大。
你认为呢?In my opinion, an egalitarian society is one in which everyone has the same rights and the same opportunities. I completely agree that people can achieve more in this kind of society.Education is an important factor with regard to personal success in life. I believe that all children should have access to free schooling, and higher education should be either free or affordable for all those who chose to pursue a university degree. In a society without free schooling or affordable higher education, only children and young adults from wealthier families would have access to the best learning opportunities, and they would therefore be better prepared for the job market. This kind of inequality would ensure the success of some but harm the prospects of others.I would argue that equal rights and opportunities are not in conflict with people's freedom to succeed or fail. In other words, equality does not mean that people lose their motivation to succeed, or that they are not allowed to fail. On the contrary, I believe that most people would feel more motivated to work hard and reach their potential if they thought that they lived in a fair society. Those who did not make the same effort would know that they had wastedtheir opportunity. Inequality, on the other hand, would be morelikely to demotivate people because they would know that the odds of success were stacked in favour of those from privileged backgrounds.In conclusion, it seems to me that there is a positive relationship between equality and personal success.【雅思考试满分作文范文【精选5篇】】雅思考试写作范文(篇二)对于第二段，将重点放在我自己的想法上，并用三点来进一步发展。