上海市浦东新区2017-2018学年高三12月教学质量检测(一模)英语试卷Word版含答案.pdf
上海市浦东区2017-2018学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension (25%)最新试卷十年寒窗苦，踏上高考路，心态放平和，信心要十足，面对考试卷，下笔如有神，短信送祝福，愿你能高中，马到功自成，金榜定题名。
Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Sorry. B. Annoyed.C. Excited.D. Puzzled.2. A. An accountant. B. A surgeon.C. An artist.D. A scientist.3. A. 2000 yuan. B.3200 yuan.C.1200 yuan.D.3600 yuan.4. A. On a plane. B. In a physical medical room.C. In a boat.D. In a school rest room.5. A. A job. B. An article.C. A book.D. An author.6. A. Twins. B. Classmates.C. Friends.D. Cousins.7. A. Give his ankle a good rest. B. Treat his injury immediately.C. Continue his regular exercises.D. Be careful when climbing steps.8. A. Go on a diving tour in Europe. B. Add 300 dollars to his budget.C. Travel overseas on his own.D. Join a package tour to Mexico.9. A. In case some problems should occur. B. In case they should be late.C. To avoid more work later on.D. To make better preparations.10. A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B. The rock band is going to play here for a month.C. Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D. He appreciates the woman’s help with the band.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Its strong education system. B. Its population.C. Its growing tourism industry.D. Its bilingual signs.12. A. All citizens receive quality English teaching.B. More money should be spent on teacher training.C. An English-speaking environment should be built.D. Tourism industry should be promoted.13. A. The foreign investment will increase.B. It will bring the economic and social benefits.C. The education system will be strengthened.ranking in English level.D. It will improve Singapore’ｓQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.13. A. He shopped for groceries.B. He took care of his sick parent.C. He cared for his younger brother.D. He made important family decisions.15. A. It may help children grow up quickly.B. It may force children to sacrifice their childhoods.s responsibility into a delight.C. It will turn children’D. It will make children more isolated and confused.16. A. Children getting satisfaction from helping others.B. Children taking on adult responsibility.C. Frustration and stress caused to children by parents.D. The environment for children’s better growth.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Tour guide. B. Editor.C. Journalist.D. Typist.18. A. Some newly discovered scenic spot.B. Big changes in the Amazon valley.C. A new railway under construction.D. The beautiful Amazon rain forests.19. A. In news weeklies.B. In newspapers’ Sunday editions.C. In a local evening paper.D. In overseas edition of U.S. magazines.20. A. To become a professional writer.B. To get her life story published soon.C. To be employed by a newspaper.D. To sell her articles to a news service.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle.The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end,(22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountainin the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for ayoung lady?‖second: ―What’s your dream,r a while. Then he smiled and told me ―I have no idea,‖ I answered (24) _____thinking it foabout his story. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student.Although nobody thoughthe could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. ―I knew Iwasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them afterclass,‖ he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one wasmost attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______tough life was, he never gave up.―There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal willhave good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,‖ he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself,―What’s my motivation?‖ I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put)everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do?Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made methink: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use onlyonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. boredomF. unaccompaniedG. dramaticH. transformI. distractedJ. peacefullyK. prospectImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be liketo be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Balllooks at the __31__of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are ―autonomous‖ or self-driving.It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.-Ball says. He ―Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,‖ Millarduses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with afocus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate ashift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the__34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows themdown in urban traffic.Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, ―Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,‖ even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are theodds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded offagainst the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested inrunning them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestriansto cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems.Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.―From the point of view of a passe nger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a-Ball writes.street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,‖ MillardAlternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful norinvasive very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrialnists.wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportu The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an。
上海市浦东新区2017届高三英语试卷(含答案)
浦东新区2016学年度第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section AOver the past sixteen years of my life, I have grown to be a very independent person. This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things (21)________ my own, yet at times struggle with taking advice from others. Sometimes, hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do. However, getting advice from (22)________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways. Because of this, I began realizing that my mom’s guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong. This is why I believe you (23)________ always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy (24)________ (realize). It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say, and later discovered that she was right. I think we can all agree that (25)________ (admit) your mom was right is always a hard thing to do. But what else are you supposed to say (26)________ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you (27)________ (tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old, I had the experience of a lifetime. However, I would have missed out if it hadn’t been for my mom. She had been planning a trip to Turkey for work, (28)________ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her. When I first heard about this opportunity, I was terrified. Never had I been out of the c ountry before. I thought to (29)________, “Is she crazy?” My mom then began to say, “(30)________ is known to all, one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.” After going back and forth wit h my own thoughts, I decided to go on the trip. And boy, she was right. Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Section BThe New York Times has changed a lot in the past 10 years, embracing digital subscriptions and growing into online video and specialty areas like cooking. It has not been enough to prepare the company for the future, according to the paper’s own 2020 report __31__ on Tuesday.“While the past two years have been a time of significant innovation, the pace must speed up,” the authors wrote in the opening of the report. “Too often, digital progress has been accomplished through workarounds; now we must tear apart the barriers. We must __32__ between mission and tradition: what we do because it’s essential to our values and what we do because we’ve always done it.”The report indicates how far the paper has come in __33__ itself to the digital age while also pointing out what needs to be done.The areas that need __34__ are focused on the newsroom, particularly in the tools and internal structures that journalists must deal with to produce their work.Many of the report’s recommendations are __35__ to anyone who closely follows the Times or newspapers in general: A(n) __36__ away from print’s outsized importance on the newsroom’s operations, better ways to include multimedia in stories and a renewed effort at creating a more diverse newsroom with a variety of skills.The paper has an ongoing goal that started in 2016 of doubling digital revenue to $800 million by 2020. “To __37__ our future, we need to expand considerably our number of subscribers by 2020.”The report also calls into question the formats on which the Times—and most other newspapers—rely, namely a mi x of news stories and features that are text heavy. “Too much of our daily report remains __38__ by long texts.” the report states.The report stresses that the Times should do more to educate readers. “Our readers are __39__ for advice from The Times. To o often, we don’t offer it, or offer it only in print-centric forms.” the report states. Perhaps the most interesting part of the report comes at the very bottom in the form of comments from the paper’s own journalists. Reporters said they would like to se e __40__ in choice of how to tell certain stories, and some disagreement about what kind of tone the Times should embrace going forward.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section AHave We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important __41__ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. __42__, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no—it’s actually __43__. Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is __44__ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels. But free trade can also widen the __45__ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn’t always __46__ their job prospects. From 1990 to 2008, the areas most __47__ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be _-48__ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not al ways __49__ the losses. This realization that the tide of __50__ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are __51__ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be __52__ about the future of globalization—at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business-- __53__ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow dow n to the 80% of the population that hasn’t __54__ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of __55__ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43. A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44. A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45. A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46. A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47. A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48. A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49. A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50. A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51. A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52. A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53. A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54. A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55. A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentSection B(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was “How to keep him interested.”It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to “keep him interested.”Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn’t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of the world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about the boy who doesn’t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don’t care if he can’t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don’t care if he doesn’t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don’t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn’t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don’t care about the color of his skin. I don’t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no religion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to “keep him interested” is to beyou.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls’ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls’ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls’ bringing foods and drinks to boys from ti me to time.D. Girls’ being upset by being rejected constantly.57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to _____________________.A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy’s interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word “revel” mean?A. feel depressedB. become puzzledC. look aroundD. enjoy himself59. What’s the main purpose of this letter?A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.Self-driving CapabilitiesSensor and camera-equipped models from Audi and V olkswagen, among others, don’t just automatically brake to prevent minor accidents; they can actually navigate（行驶）around highway traffic and into garages without a human at the wheel. Attractive DashboardsIn addition to Ford’s new Sync system, which better understands voice commands, Apple and Google have partnered with automakers to create interfaces （界面）as user-friendly as the ones on your smartphone.Smarter HeadlightsAudi’s and BMW’s ultra-bright laser headlights can detect oncoming cars and dim slightly to avoid disturbing their drivers. One problem: they’re not yet legal in the U.S. Self-parking SkillsThe new model of BMW’s all-electric can find its own spot in a parking lot, then send signals via a smart-watch app to contact its drivers.60. In terms of Self-driving Capabilities, what makes Audi and V olkswagen stand out?A. Braking when sensing red lightsB. Going into garages without a driverC. Stopping other cars on highwayD. Taking photos with a camera61. Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars?A. Ford and V olkswagenB. Audi and BMWC. Audi and V olkswagenD. BMW and Ford62. In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear?A. First DriveB. Cars For RentC. Instrumental TestsD. Smart Tech(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone thegenes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s we aknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered. I keep the faith of my ancestors each night whenI walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65. What can be learned about modifying a plant?A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB. Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World PeaceSection CCharity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.67. ________ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation. 68. ________ Often far less famed men and women have played a cr itical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.69. ________ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthro py necessary.”Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. ________ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.IV. 71. Summary Writing (10%)Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools about PE. They believe that their child ren shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to . Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout life. Government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn’t have to be throughtraditional team sports; increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dance, etc.Besides, physical education helps to develop character and the mutual（相互的）respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.V. Translation (15%)72. 正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73. 一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。
上海市杨浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语模拟质量调研 2017. 12
杨浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研2017. 12满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the perso n’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that theresealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified（改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily s tored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ACompetition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航）systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the b eginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’ time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D. currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection B(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utilit y company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation t o make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closest in meaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58.What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)RAINFOREST ADVENTURE TIPS(1) Find out about the trail and surroundings, be sure that you have enough time to complete the entire route before darkness falls. Do not stray off the path to chase after animals.(2) Use good judgment regarding the fitness level required for the trek（徒步跋涉）, and know your physical limits.(3) Always inform the park officials or let someone know of your plans and destination for the day, especially if going alone.(4) Take plenty of water and pack a few easy to eat snacks to keep energy level up. Unless trekking with a local guide, it is not advisable to eat jungle fruit or drink from any water source.(5) Be as quiet as possible to avoid scaring any wildlife. Getting an early start during the dawn provides the best chance to sight animals seeking food and the warmth of the early morning sun.(6) Wear thin, loose, preferably cotton clothing to remain comfortable.(7). Cover arms and legs with long trousers and long-sleeved shirts to ward off mosquitoes and to provide protectionagainst thorny plants.(8) Be prepared for sudden rain showers by carrying a poncho that wraps over both body and your carrying pack to keep everything dry.(9) Choose footwear with proper ankle support and good traction.(10) A wide brimmed that helps to shade a trekker from the heat of the tropical60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite (寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse （多样化的） compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wel lcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,” John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iP hone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they wer e each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “becaus e it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most c ompanies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I. Translation71. 这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。
上海市2017-2018年各区高三英语一模试题汇编--摘要写作(Summary-Writing)-老师版(全部带答案已经校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble co ncentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for no w,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link be tween their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the college count. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed prese ntation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suitable for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题第一卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in theclass.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at thenext stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parkingthe car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and theconversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.第 1 页/ 共12 页C. He failed to get to the airport. D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captainto do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrongsuitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with childrenaround.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and othereveryday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur （创业者）.She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, ___21___ recognizesinnovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally ___22___ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight ___23___（power）第 2 页/ 共12 页by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, butMakosinski’s goal was ___24___（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access topower and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that shefailed school ___25___ she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, sothat was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doingscience projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people withlight?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when oneside ___26___（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beamof LED light for 20 minutes. ___27___（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“Start now. There ___28___ be nothing holding youback. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’___29___ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot ofother things. You can do ___30___ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitiveH. eyebrowI. domesticatedJ. selectionK. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facialexpression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent onemotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ___31___ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ___32___ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites ___33___ andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be ___34___ that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ___35___ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are ___36___ to humans’attention and thatexpressions are ___37___ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”Theresearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’faces were ___38___ throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.第 3 页/ 共12 页They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ___39___ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ___40___.“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of awhistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I hadmade, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of whatgood things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my follythat I cried with vexation(烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistlegave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so thatoften, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___ theactions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasureof doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When Imet a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devotedhimself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I sawsomeone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all abovehis ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “hehas paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to theirpuffing a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choi c e D. bar gain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. ad mir e d D.fo l l owe d48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively 第 4 页/ 共12 页51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustrationD. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extra Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes tomind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looksand tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims thathis unique “garlic coffee”is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when heburned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched ga rlic’saroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked andtasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job,and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent yearsoptimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’vecooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnantwomen.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-likeflavor,” Shimotai adds.He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t causebad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drinkapparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can tryYokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy yourown dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?第 5 页/ 共12 页A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social classand interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sportscars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and areintended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier. Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is alsobound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition,puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour. Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid.Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?第 6 页/ 共12 页What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receiveanother one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyaltyto an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal toyour emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to________.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among somePeople, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. Thehypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oralbacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned.But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J.Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well knownto secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging suchacid-secreting bugs, DrGomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The childrenwere asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment ofdata collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the chil dren’s gingival sulci （the cleftsbetween teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children alsohad their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of currentor previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（atooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected theunderlying dentine as well.第7 页/ 共12 页Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteriawhich were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover,similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- tonine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do playin regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter howwell they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of therelevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, maynot be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though,that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoingresearch. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming togrips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable ofmanipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out _______.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dentalcavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem. Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachBlank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the worldtoday.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and workwonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many otherfields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancercells.第8 页/ 共12 页Nanotechnology Grows Fast Thanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“sciencefact”of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film,a man withvery important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected intothe man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.___67___ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developingrapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ___68___ Uponfinding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso thatdoctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.___69___ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of havingto charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working onsolar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for yourdevices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead toa new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you canturn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into ametal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax mighteventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ___70___.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advanceswill be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of thepassage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat tothe lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict theway they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violentincidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start overthe fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwichcan lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words thatwill calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotionalfire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the twosides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other personshould listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to第9 页/ 共12 页clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying tofigure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issuebecomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第二卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.2. 深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。
上海市黄浦区2017-2018学年度高三第一学期期终调研测试英语试题
高三英语试卷高三英语试卷第1页 共10页 黄浦区2017学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英 语 试 卷（完卷时间： 120分钟 满分： 140分）2017年12月15日上午第I 卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Before dinner. B. During the meal.C. After dinner.D. Tomorrow evening.2. A. In a hotel. B. At a bus station.C. In a cinema.D. At an airport.3. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary.C. Doctor and patient.D. Doctor and nurse.4. A. 4. B.5. C.6. D.7.5. A. The lecture. B. The heat.C. The workload.D. The air quality.6. A. Confident. B. Nervous. C. Uninterested. D. Annoyed.7. A. Visit the company. B. Re-write his resuméB. Re-write his resumé. . C. Get a job on campus.D. Apply for a job with PICC. 8. A. He is fearless.B. He is forgetful.C. He is helpful.D. He is thoughtful. 9. A. Talking about sports. B. Writing up local news.C. Reading newspapers.D. Putting up advertisements. 10. A. She expects to see him soon. B. She agrees with the man.C. C. She doesn‘t believe he can do it. She doesn‘t believe he can do it.D. She will work for the library.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. The scientific steps to write a paper. B. A funny story that they read recently.C. An assignment of a creative writing course.D. A detective case that was just finished. 12. A. She encountered a bottleneck when writing a story.B. She was happy that she finished the story easily.C. She was expected to finish the story in a month.D. She decided to give up the story eventually.13. A. Change to another topic. B. Give the story an ending first.C. Do work for another course.D. Write everything occurring to her.14. A. Buy jewels for her mother. B. Locate the security camera. C. Do some research for her writing. D. Rob a jewelry store for ideas.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. They don‘t attach importance to scores. B. They attract fewer and fewer students.C. They will take place next week.D. They will no longer exist. 16. A. To inspire young people to practice more.B. To encourage young people to be creative.C. To motivate young people to keep learning.D. To urge young people to start up companies.17. A. To bring more economic benefits.B. To help students memorize better.C. To change the present education system.D. To develop teachers D. To develop teachers‘‘ multi-skills.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. More communication with others. B. Construction of the life journey.C. Revealing of determination.D. Loss of the social identity.19. A. Depression and isolation. B. Walking around the corner.C. Lack of sleep.D. Getting impatient.20. A. Making it possible to get a pay rise.B. Providing people with new business.C. Giving people time to think about their life again.D. Helping people to find jobs based on their hobbies.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelers to TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible responsible‘. ‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘ (21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They jus t want proof (25) ______ they did it. they did it. But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Troll Trolltunga. tunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait inline for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to r egulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.ǁSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accommodationB. annualC. declineD. destinationE. dinersF. hostedG. ingredientsH. preciselyI. rankedJ. remoteK. talentedWor ld’s Best RestaurantThe Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named ―theworld‘s world‘s best best best restaurantǁrestaurantǁ by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website 31 the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its32 Travelers' Choice awards. So So what‘s what‘s what‘s it got going for it? it got going for it?Firstly, this isn‘t some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) 33young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it's not really a pub anymore. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in 34for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining 35 .It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable36 , offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly 37 location. It's usually booked up well in advance with 38coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another 39 two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York — 40 the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor glory.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?―With e xtreme extreme41 ǁ is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. ―We d on‘t don‘t 42 our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. It doesn't produce income or earnings. What you 43is exclusively based on supply and demand, and there are big big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,ǁ he said.movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,ǁ he said.To invest in art as a true investment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But it‘s not just about having enough 44to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or other 45such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall, t h e n y o u 'r e l i k e l y t o b e a46for thieves. Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong – for example, an artwork turns out to be a fraud （赝品）– then investors cannot fall back on 47for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates, that's still a(n) 48return than many savings accounts will give you. As art has no association to the stock market, it means paintings can 49 in value even when the market crashes, making it a good option for investment 50 .It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout 2016, auction （拍卖） sales 51 in the first six months of 2017. Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art. There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more 52 budget. Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it, not because you want to get rich. The most 53 approach is probably to buy something you like and can 54and, be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure. If it goes up in value that should be just a(n) 55benefit. 41. A. accuracy B. carefulnessC. enthusiasmD. generosity 42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend 43. A. get backB. look intoC. take outD. turn to 44. A. desireB. energyC. moneyD. time 45. A. accidentsB. appliancesC. measuresD. drinks 46. A. partnerB. spectatorC. targetD. therapy 47. A. initiativeB. regulationC. strategyD. tradition 48. A. betterB. earlierC. healthierD. lower 49. A. fall apartB. fall downC. go aheadD. go up 50. A. fundsB. levelsC. selectionsD. rates 51. A. ceasedB. proceededC. recoveredD. shrank 52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obvious D. socialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Post-Post-00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials‘00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials‘00s is a documentary about growing up. It covers almost every aspect of millennials‘ experiences on experiences on their path toward adolescence their path toward adolescence –– their struggles with schoolwork, their relationship with peers, their confusion if a younger brother or sister is born into the family, and their growing desire to keep a distance from their parents. But this five-episode series was different from any other TV program with a similar theme.Post-Post-00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show‘s makers followed a group of kids 00s was filmed over a period of 10 years, during which the show‘s makers followed a group of kids from when they were infants from when they were infants through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show‘s ―charactersǁ through to when they became teenagers. In other words, the show‘s ―charactersǁ grow older for real, and their stories are all real.―Coming -of--of--of-ageǁ stories, as they‘re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking ageǁ stories, as they‘re known, have a special appeal. They satisfy our curiosity of looking at someone else‘s life, and we become more and more attached to the characters as if we truly know them. And while we enjoy the truthfulness of the stories because nothing is set in advance, we also can‘t help but feel the cruelty of reality. After all, there‘s no re -writing of the script （剧本）and there‘s no turning back – this is real life.This realness can also be seen in Boyhood, a 2014 film that won the Silver Bear award for best director at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival. During a period of 12 years, the film follows the life of MasonJr Jr –– played by US actor Ellar Coltrane played by US actor Ellar Coltrane –– from when he was 6 to when he finished high school.One of Boyhood‘s appeals comes from its ―ordinarinessǁ. Mason Jr isn‘t some child genius... He is a quietly spoken, fairly typical American boy, growing up in the Texas suburbs. He likes riding his bike and playing video games.While coming-of-age stories may look ordinary on the outside, they often allow us to look underneath the surface and see something extraordinary the surface and see something extraordinary –– the power of life itself.56. In the documentary, we see post-56. In the documentary, we see post-00‘s growing experience 00‘s growing experience EXCEPT __________.A. how they deal with their studiesB. how they help look after brothers or sistersC. how they get along with people of their ageD. how much they long to be independent of their parents57. What do Post-00 and Boyhood have in common?A. Th A. They‘re intended to win an award for best director.ey‘re intended to win an award for best director. B. The heroes and heroines are characters themselves.C. They‘re a kind of reality show of ordinary kids‘ growth.D. The stories are based on true life but polished by writers.58. Audience are interested in 58. Audience are interested in ―coming ―coming -of--of--of-ageǁ stories because __________.ageǁ stories because __________. A. they can see the truth of life B. they know the characters wellC. they are much fond of gossipD. they appreciate stories of daily life59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Post-00s are different geniusesB. Actors are ordinary charactersC. Documentary is real lifeD. Life is one big story( B )B BC SHOPEntertaining. Informing. Inspiring.WHA T A RELIEF!Delight everyone on your holiday gift list with great gifts from the BBC.You‘ll earn heartfelt thanks from nature lovers for Planet Earth I & II: The Complete Collection (page 41) – inspiring look at our planet‘s wildest, most mysterious creatures and their breathtaking home.…from mystery lovers for Sherlock: Complete Seasons 1-4 and The Abominable Bride Giftset (page 13) – entertaining proof that Holmes can be difficult, dangerous, accurate, and absolute funny.…and from those who appreciate all things British. Delight Charles Dickens fans with Dickensian (page 7). The new drama series with more adventures for Dickens‘ characters…Dinner with Dickens Cookbook (page 9) with procedures for his favorite dishes…and Tom Baker Reads “A Christmas poem” (page 8) for a wonderful new holiday tradition.Plus teapots, T-shirts, shortbread, mugs and more – just in time for the holidays.Enjoy!THE MOMENTWelcome to murder, suspense, romance, robbery and clothing in this exciting historical drama! Trouble begins for Rachel Verinder the day she inherits a large diamond stolen from a Hindu temple. When it disappears again, suspicion falls on Franklin Blake, theNEWman who loves her. But what about mysterious cousin Godfrey, the housemaid with a thieving past, and doctor who experiments with opium （鸦片）? Blake must discover the fate of the Moonstone or lose Rachel forever. A powerful tale and emotionally sudden changes, based on the first-ever English detective novel by Wikie Collins. 3¾ hours.DVD 21024 $34.99 YOUR PRICE: ￥27.98WALKERS CHRISTMAS TREE SHORTBREAD AND TINSSanta and a beautiful Angel put the finishing touches on Christmas tree tins – perfect centerpieces and holiday decorations that your family and friends will enjoy year after year.Lift the treetops and taste the delicious secret inside: pure butter shortbread shaped like mini-Christmas trees, and made from only finest ingredients and made from only finest ingredients –– flour, butter, sugar and salt.Baked in the village of Aberlour in the Scottish Highlands, they follow a generations-old family procedure, first perfected by Joseph Walker in 1898. While the shortbread will disappear as if by magic, the tins will hold your holiday cookies and candy for many Christmases to come.Wonderful hostess gifts. Both tins: 6〃h ×4¾〃d; net wt 4.4 oz.Angel 21042 $19.98Santa 21043 $19.9860. 60. Tom‘s wife is a home baker, so he‘d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.Tom‘s wife is a home baker, so he‘d better refer to Page ______ for a Christmas present for her.A. 8B. 9C. 13D. 4161. Which of the following statements is TRUE about ―The Momentǁ?A. It is an adapted drama lasting nearly 4 hours.B. The story, rather than the actors, is attracting.C. There are three suspects for stealing the diamond.D. It is based on Wikie Collins D. It is based on Wikie Collins‘‘ most famous detective novel. 62. What can be learned about the shortbread?A. It usually disappears in a magic way together with the tin.B. It follows a secret procedure perfected by Joseph Walker.C. It is wrapped in a tin with both Angel and Santa on it.D. It is traditionally family-baked in Scotland.( C ) ①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria‘s Deakin University, ―It‘s Australians‘ e galitarianism, sense of humor egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitudeǁand informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitudeǁ. .②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia‘s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‗rewarding criminality‘. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was wo ‗rewarding criminality‘. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal rn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‗no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life‘. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further – so ‗have ‗have a a Captains Cook‘ (have a look), became ‗ava ‗ava captains‘. captains‘. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‗good day‘ became ‗g‘day‘, and barbecue was ‗barbie‘.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians‘ dry, self -criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的） sense of humor. While in many countries it‘s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal‘s tail was on fire. I couldn‘t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country‘s ‗nothing upsets us‘ and anti was a brilliant reminder of the country‘s ‗nothing upsets us‘ and anti-authoritarian attitude. -authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can‘t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country‘s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians‘ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word 63. The underlined word ―egalitarianismǁ is ―egalitarianismǁ isclosest to __________ in meaning. A. criminality B. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos A. Kangaroos‘ living condition‘ living condition ‘ living conditions are getting tougher. s are getting tougher. B. Forest fires threaten Australian B. Forest fires threaten Australians‘s‘s‘ life to a great extent. life to a great extent. C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians D. Australians‘‘ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface. 66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians‘ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. That turned out to be not exactly correct.B. But Buchanan warned against such an assumption.C. But a number of business organizations say it should remain untouched.D. But what works for a clothing company might not work for a different one.E. Raising the minimum wage is identified as a key way to address the income gap.F. For opponents of a wage increase, increasing the minimum wage could reduce totalemployment by about 500,000 jobs.More Clarity Needed on Wage DebateThese days, the minimum wage has become something of a big issue in America. 67For supporters, 16.5 million low-wage workers could see an increase in their weekly earnings and 900,000 people could rise above the poverty line.Gap Inc, has decided to increase the minimum hourly rate it pays employees to $9 this year and then $10 next year. The company‘s company‘s announcement will affect 65,000 Gap employees by 2017. Clearly Gap officials announcement will affect 65,000 Gap employees by 2017. Clearly Gap officials believe the money they invest in higher wages will pay off in increased sales and customer satisfaction. There‘s There‘s certainly nothing wrong with that. certainly nothing wrong with that. 68Also last week, Wal-Mart found itself at the center of the wages gossip when it was reported that the company was looking at supporting an increase in the minimum wage. 69Wal-Mart spokeswoman Brooke Buchanan said the company remains neutral on the idea of a minimum wage increase, but wage increase, but ―obviously ―obviouslyit‘s it‘s something that we look at closely, as any other company something that we look at closely, as any other company wouldǁ. She said that more than 99 percent of company associates are paid above the current minimum wage. It has been discussed how increased income for low-wage workers might translate into increased spending. So it‘s reasonable to say that a company like Wal-Mart could see a jump in sales if the minimum wage rose. 70 ―Thatis assuming that consumer behavior would be, be, ‗If ‗If they have more money, money, they‘ll they‘ll spend more money,‘ ǁ she said. said. ―That ―That isn‘t always necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can‘t.ǁ IV. Summary WritingDirections : Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before – moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we‘re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it‘s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we‘re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we‘re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate‘s spouse. For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that are some companies that aren‘t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The n‘t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don‘t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we‘re not pulling our weight if we‘re not present. That‘s pa particularly rticularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.第II 卷 （共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版（已经校对）
Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people‘s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because it‘s important to me‖) to an external factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because I‘m required to do so‖). When that happe ns, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68 Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention should begiven to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience‖.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.‖ Consistent with the researchers‘ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to defin ite advice: ―Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity‖.Keys:67-70: F B E CSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can‘t.‖Keys:67-70 FDABSectionCDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the―sciencefact‖of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with veryimportant knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into theman‘s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past severaldecades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in thefilm, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as―quantu m dots（量子点）‖，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient.68Upon findinga tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctorscan see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired ofhaving to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don‘t need to. Scientists areworking on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and providepower for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, youcan turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms.70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Keys:67-70 AFECSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production—nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste—all that highly radioactive debris(残核) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face.______67________Plutonium(钚) has a half-life of 24,000 years. Even after 100,000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor.______68_________How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years?Still the US government persists in pursuing ―safe‖nuclear waste disposal(处理). It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain , Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1,000feet below the surface. _______69__________. It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion ,with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won‘t be torn apart by another eruption?________70_________ Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that‘s notsuch a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how the problem really is.Keys:67-70 ECDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie‘s 1911 book —said: ―All children, except one, grow up.‖ _______67_________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children‘s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.―Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,‖ commented website Koreaboo. _______68_________ .According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today‘s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. ―It reminds me of the playful side of life,‖ Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment._______69_________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing ―the thrills of youth‖ is the evidence that ―adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore‖, he told The New York Times. ―That‘s actually quite sad.‖________70________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. ―It‘s just pop culture stuff. It‘s stuff that says, ‗I like a little of this and I like a little of that‘,‖ he told ABC News. ―It‘s no big deal.‖So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it‘s time to introduce a new ―fact‖, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: ―Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.‖Keys:67-70 DBFC\Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once .Note that there aretwo more sentences than you need.The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merelyaccomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor' of success.67Top performers spend more hours practising theircraft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn‘t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, orshared the same birthday.68 It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success, Armed with this ambition, she wouldread novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She‘d able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error focused. By practising in this way, site delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repealing, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream offeedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. 69.The primaryquality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities.70 We construct ourselves through behavior.Keys:67-70 FEC ASection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.67It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don‘t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68Don‘t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live.69If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile cases tensions, wheres a frow n can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70Some people do not take hints. Some people d not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say,‖ I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and beck me up.‖KEYS:67-70:DFEBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In the radio drama ―Nau em Taim‖ aired in Papua New Guinea, a widowed father takes up dynamite(炸药) fishing—profitable but disastrous for the reef. Then he meets a dashing marine scientist who warns him off. The idea is that by the end of the drama, both he—and the listeners—will give up dynamite for sustainable fishing.The show‘s producer, the Population Media Center (PMC) in Vermont, has been a pioneer of programmes with the goal of fostering development. ___67___ In Vietnam Khat Vong Song uses radio drama to teach its listeners about domestic violence. In Kenya Mediae promotes civil rights with a television soap called ―Makutano Junction‖.Evidence that radio and television soaps can change behaviour was first spotted in the 1970s. ___68___ About twenty years later, economists at the Inter-American Development Bank, found that Brazilians receiving Globo, a television network promoting modern family concepts, had fewer children. Another follow-up study discovered that, as cable television spread, the birth rate in certain rural area dropped.Some argue that the influence was because couch potatoes were less likely to make babies. But research in Ethiopia showed that dramas can have a direct effect. Inquiries about ways to reduce birth rates rose by 157% among married women who listened to the soap operas ―Yeken Kignet‖ and ―Dhimbibba‖. ___69___ Male listeners sought tests for HIV/AIDS four times as much as male non-listeners.―The results are the best when people identify with characters,‖ says Betty Oala of the PMC.This is why the organization does extensive research, takes on local writers and uses native languages.Not only are soaps effective, but they are also cheap. Radio programmes can cost as little as three cents to reach a listener in Africa. ___70___ Although producers do not hide their purposes many scholars think that there could be a fight over morals and the aimful results of soap dramas.A drop in birth rates may seem like good news to a woman activist, but bad to a religious worker.Keys:67-70 FDAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.B.C.E.F.The Best Language for MathWhat‘s the best language for learning math? Hint: You‘re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Educationat Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at ―11‖. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as ―ten-one‖– spoken with the ―ten‖ first. 68 .English number words over 10 don‘t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and ―teens‖, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doingmulti-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69 .It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the ―make-a-ten‖ addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70 .Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!Keys:67-70 CFBDSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children maytake.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parentsrelax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she‘s depriving her children of her constant attention, but ifshe stays home, she tends to give her children too muchlove.D.According to Freud, after the first five ―formative years‖ ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child‘s personalitywassetforlife.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is moredelicate.F.Obviously it‘s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong stepwill not doom the child to psychologicaldamage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered ―good‖, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that theyaren‘t―bad‖.67 .her child‘s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that th e first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape Ironically, this pani c about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68Here is why.First, it i s not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child‘s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addi ction, mental illness or violence. 70 Between the parents‘best efforts and theresulting child lie other factors: the child‘s nature, geneti cally influenced characters, e xperiences outside the family and the child‘s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren‘t going to turn her into Britney Spears.Keys:66-70 CBFASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Plus-size women might be socially frowned upon (不赞成) and openly avoided by the fashion industry. ___67___A study done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, found that 67% of American women were ―plus-size,‖ meanin g size 14 or larger. That figure might not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold was plus-size, according to NPD Group, another research firm.Designers and retailers have long thought of the plus-size as high-risk. Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to be more cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; but higher costs for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers. ___68___ ―We have money but nowhere to spend it,‖ says Krist ine Thompson, who runs a blog which has nearly 150,000 followers on Instagram.At last, that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion line sold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded their plus-size collections. ___69___ Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14% between 2013 and 2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel (服装). Takings (营业额) were $21.3 billion last year. Social media has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashion business, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back. ___70___ For those that are willing to take achance, several internet startups (创业公司) that deliver personally styled outfits to individuals, including plus-size women, offer data to ―straight-size‖ designers.Not all plus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene, Texas, says that many upmarket (高端市场的) department stores still keep their plus-size clothing sections poorly organized, badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stock larger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch of salt (有所保留), says Ms. Thompson. ―We‘re nowhere near where we should be but we‘ve made progress,‖ she says.Keys:67--70: DBECSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People‘s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the queues in front of the doors of ―Wanghong delicacies‖ were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Y uan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants‘ business strategy. ______67______. Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA‘s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the ―sense of accomplishment‖ will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______. In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fa st that it doesn‘t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it‘s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior —―fomo‖, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence. It‘s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other people‘s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20 Y uan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it‘s the symbol value of the goods that encourages people to ―pull the grass‖. Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments‘ thumb up. ______69______.With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, ―Wanghong economy‖ is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who come by ―physical attractiveness‖ will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support. ______70______. Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.Keys:67--70 FEBCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear._____67____ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one‘s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple‘s new iPhone X can even scan a user‘s face._______68_____―Biometrics, ideally, are good,‖John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech webs ite Inverse. ―In practice, not so much.‖When introducing the new iPhone‘s Face ID feature at Apple‘s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple‘s senior vice president, said, ―______69_______‖.But it‘s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren‘t even twins.―We may expect too much from biometrics,‖Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. ―No security systems are perfect.‖Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.―It‘s good to see biometrics being used more,‖Jain told CBS News, ―because it adds another factor for security. ______70_______‖.Keys:67-70 D A F CSection C。
上海版2018届浦东新区高考英语一模完整版完整版.doc
上海版2018届浦东新区高考英语一模完整版完整版.doc浦东新区2017 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测试题高三英语试卷第一卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A –Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solvea problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountereda strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D.For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur（创业者）. She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, ___21___ recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitement internationally ___22___ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）fora flashlight ___23___（power）by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosin ski’s goal was ___24___（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school ___25___ she couldn’t afford electric ity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side ___26___（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes. ___27___（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her adv ice to other student innovators?“Start now. There ___28___ be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’___29___ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do ___30___ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitiveH. eyebrowI. domesticatedJ. selectionK. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre a t Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the ___31___ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most ___32___ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites ___33___ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be ___34___ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food ___35___ did not havethe same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are ___36___ to humans’ attention and that expressions are ___37___ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were ___38___ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ___39___ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ___40___. “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but ___42___ all the family. Mybrothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation(烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistle gave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too much for the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___ the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___ gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing ___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.”If I saw someone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drinklooked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted ga rlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can t ry Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including:●target audience●brand names●slogans●pictures and colour●special offers/coupons●emotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotypethem.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year- old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create a view of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange,gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to________.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the chil dren’s gingival sulci （the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. C hildren’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out _______.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields ofresearch in the world today.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.___67___ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quantu rn dots（量子点）”，whose diameters are one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ___68___ Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.___69___ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in yourmobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ___70___.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible re ality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden ruleof conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions toclarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第二卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
上海市浦东新区2017届高三第二学期教学质量检测英语试
I.Listening Comprehension (25%)Section ADirections: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a supermarket. B.In a drug store.C.In a department store.D.In a car repair shop.2.A.20 minutes. B.45 minutes.C.25 minutes.D.65 minutes.3.A.Professor and student. B.Director and actor.C.Writer and advertiser.D.Hostess and guest.4.A.She picked up the book from the bus stop. B.She can help the man out.C.She's also in need of a chemistry textbook.D.She will help the man to find the right person.5.A.Take the test in three weeks. B.Call to make inquiries about the test results.C.Be patient and wait for the test results.D.Inquire about the date when the results will be released.6.A.He set fire to the building. B.He parked.hrs car beside the building.C.He was trying to.clear the road with the help of some other people.D.He found out what was going on.7.A.He's going to the theatre. B.He's just returned from a job interview.C.He's just visited his tailor.D.He's dressed up to have his photo taken.8.A.Registering for courses. B.Studying engineering and art history.C.Buying literature books.D.Going to the registry office.9.A.The Jenkins made a wise investment. B.It is not sensible to make such an investment.C.The Jenkins should buy the stocks later.D.It is essential that the Jenkins should move out.10.A.It is not a good timing to build it. B.It should have been built earlier.C.She is curious about this plan.D.She doubts how long the plan will take. Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.South Korean Women. B.American citizens.C.People in industrialized countries.D.People with economic improvements.12.A.High premature deaths. B.Overweight citizens.C.A lack of public health care.D.A shortage in new medical technologies.13.A.More facilities should be established. B.Additional pressure should be put on pensions.C.People should retire at an earlier age.D.People should be provided with more payments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.14.A.Because of the security of the job. B.For a promotion to the Executive Director.C.To inspire the folks in the community.D.To enrich others and her own lives.15.A.The speaker graduated in law and used to earn generous salaries.B.Spelman is a non-profit institute which turns out social workers.C.The audiences are regarded as beautiful because they all belong to Spelman.D.Public service is rewarding both in a spiritual and material sense.16.A.Urging classmates to get involved in public service.B.Expressing gratitude to the audience for their volunteer work.C.Delivering a speech to the graduates from Spelman College.D.Illustrating how to help others as one climbs his career ladder.Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following passage.17.A.May 19th. B.May 20th. C.May 23rd.D.May 16th.18.A.Three meals a day. B.Train fare. petition entrance fee.D.Floor space.19.A.The entrance fee is 16 euros this year.B.College basket teams abroad can enter for the game by phone.C.It is the 80th anniversary of the Tampere Student Game.D.The game will end with a ceremony in the last evening.20.A.Students can enjoy a reduced rate during that period.B.All the basketball teams live in that hotel.C.It will provide three meals to the players living there.D.It is close to where all the matches are held.Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life,I have grown to be a very independent person.This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things_21_my own,yet at times struggle with taking advice from others. Sometimes,hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do.However,getting advice from _22_cares about you can impact your life in great ways.Because of this,I began realizing that my mom's guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong.This is why I believe you_23_always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy_24_(realize).It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say,and later discovered that she was right.I think we can all agree that_25_(admit) your mom was right is always a hard thing to do.But what else are you supposed to say_26_you are standing outside in the freezing cold,shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you_27_(tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old,I had the experience of a lifetime.However,I would have missed out if it hadn't been for my mom.She had been planning a trip to Turkey for work,_28_ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her.When I first heard about this opportunity,I was terrified. Never had I been out of the country before.I thought to _29_,"Is she crazy?"My mom then began to say,"_30_is known to all,one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas."After going back and forth with my own thoughts,I decided to go on the trip.And boy,she was right.Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.The New York Times has changed a lot in the past 10 years,embracing digital subscriptions and growing into online video and specialty areas like cooking.It has not been enough to prepare the company for the future,according to the paper’s own 2020 report_31_on Tuesday."While the past two years have been a time of significant innovation,the pace must speed up,"the authors wrote in the opening of the report."Too often,digital progress has been accomplished through workarounds;now we must tear apart the barriers.We must_32_between mission and tradition: what we do because it's essential to our values and what we do because we've always done it."The report indicates how far the paper has come in_33_itself to the digital age while also pointing out what needs to be done.The areas that need_34_are focused on the newsroom,particularly in the tools and internal structures that journalists must deal with to produce their work.Many of the report's recommendations are_35_to anyone who closely follows the Times or newspapers in general: A(n)_36_away from print's outsized importance on the newsroom's operations,better ways to include multimedia in stories and a renewed effort at creating a more diverse newsroom with a variety of skills.The paper has an ongoing goal that started in 2016 of doubling digital revenue to $800 million by 2020.―T o _37_our future,we need to expand considerably our number of subscribers by 2020.‖The report also calls into question the formats on which the Times—and most other newspapers—rely,namely a mix of news stories and features that are text heavy,"Too much of our daily report remains_38_by long texts."the report states.The report stresses that the Times should do more to educate readers."Our readers are_39_for advice from The Times.Too often,we don't offer it,or offer it only in print-centric forms."the report states.Perhaps the most interesting part of the report comes at the very bottom in the form of comments from the paper's own journalists.Reporters said they would like to see_40_in choice of how to tell certain stories,and some disagreement about what kind of tone the Times should embrace going forward.Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people,goods and capital.It's been the most important _41_force of modernity.Until the financial crisis of 2008,global trade grew twice as fast as the global economy itself. _42_,thanks to both economics and politics,globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade?If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas,no—it's actually_43_."Indeed,the cross-border flow of digital data—e-commerce, web searches,online video,machine-to- machine interactions—has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is_44_to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There's no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global and national levels.Butfree trade can also widen the_45_gap within countries,in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers.Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans—think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart—but it hasn't always_46_their job prospects.From 1990 to 2008,the areas most_47_to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created.That's one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be_48_than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always_49_the losses.This realization that the tide of_50_ doesn't raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement.And companies themselves are _51_globalization.Nevertheless,there is one reason to be_52_about the future of globalization—at least,the new information-based kind.McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods,services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than m the past.An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business—_53_before the arrival of the Internet,when globalization was dominated by super powers.That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn't_54_as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade,it could help swing the political pendulum（钟摆）back toward globalization in some form.Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of_55_than anything else the world has ever known.I don't care if he can't play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you.I don't care if he doesn't follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you.I don't care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart.I couldn't care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart,I don't care about the color of his skin.I don't care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no religion.Little One,if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common,we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end,Little One,the only thing you should have to do to "keep him interested" is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56.What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A.Girls' knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B.Girls' giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C.Girls' bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D.Girls' being upset by being rejected constantly.57.Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to_______.A.keep the boy interestedB.know she deserves a boy' interestC.attract a boy willing to invest all in herD.find a boy who can please her58.According to the passage,what does the underlined word "revel" mean?A.feel depressedB.become puzzledC.look aroundD.enjoy himself59.What's the main.purpose of this letter?A.To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B.To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C.To show his daughter how to find her true love.D.To help his daughter find someone with common interests.(B)Self-driving Capabilitiesand camera-equipped modelsAttractive DashboardsSmarter HeadlightsBMW's ultra-bright laseroncoming cars and dim slightly Self-parking SkillsThe new model of BMW's all-electric is can find its own60.In terms of Self-driving Capabilities,what makes Audi and V olkswagen stand out?A.Braking when sensing red lightsB.Going into garages without a driverC.Stopping other cars on highwayD.Taking photos with a camera61.Which of the cars can adjust the headlights in order not to upset drivers in oncoming cars?A.Ford and VolkswagenB.Audi and BMWC.Audi and V olkswagenD.BMW and Ford62.In which section of a car magazine does the article most probably appear?A.First DriveB.Cars For RentC.Instrumental TestsD.Smart Tech(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn right,I was hiking through the dark forest with myGMO wolf.Yes,my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）;deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly.In the last five decades,global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet.During this same time span,the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%.Miraculously,this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted. .How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did?We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest;richest seeds for the next season.This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice,corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood,advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth,leading to shorter,stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today.The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection.Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors.We can minimize a plant's weaknesses while adding to its strengths,and we don't have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home.But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity.We must feed,shelter and nurture one another as our first priority,and to do so,we must take advantage of our best technologies,which have always included some type of genetic modification.We must continue as before,nourishing the future as we feed ourselves,and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered.I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab,and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63.Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A.To advise people to keep wolves as petsB.To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC.To change people's attitude towards wolvesD.To introduce a technology used to humans' advantage64.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B.With GMO technology,famine has been eliminated.C.Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D.The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65.What can be learned about modifying a plant?A.It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B.One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C.Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D.The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB.Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC.Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD.GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World PeaceSection CDirections: Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.What accounts for this culture of generosity?B.This belief is central to the national character.C.How can a sense of generosity be cultivated?D.Americans' generosity is rooted in selfless behavior.E.America's philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich.F. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father.Charity—Humanity's most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching.Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however,is a distinctly American phenomenon,inseparable from the nation that shaped it.Fromcolonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett,Gates and Zuckerberg,the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA._67_Benjamin Franklin,an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day,understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good.When he died in 1790,Franklin thought to future generations,leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 lb.of sterling silver —one to the city of Boston,the other to Philadelphia.According to his instruction,a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin's gifts lay in wait,the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation._68_Often far less famed me.n and women have played a critical role in philanthropy's evolution.One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald,who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students._69_The answer is not just to benefit others.Tax reduction,for one,encourages the rich people to give.And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling,however,are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary.Just before his death, Dr.Martin Luther King Jr,wrote,"Philanthropy is praise-worthy,but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary."Franklin's gifts represent a broader principle.We are guardians of a public trust,even if our capital came from private enterprise,and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally an more justly for more people._70_America's greatest strength is not the fact of perfection,but rather the act of perfecting.IV.71.Summary Writing (10%)Directions: Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 e your own words as far as possible.Every year,more and more parents complain to their children's schools about PE.They believe that their children shouldn't have to participate in physical activity if they don't want to.Supporters of PE,however,believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society's well-being.They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly,they believe that participation in sport promotes health.In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout ernment is,or should be,concerned with the health of its citizens.Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn't have to be through traditional team sports;increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming,gymnastics,dance,etc.Besides,physical education helps to develop character and the mutual（相互的）respect required to succeed in an adult environment.Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others,as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments.Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions.It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school,which endure for years afterwards.Finally,the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools.If schools don't have compulsory PE,it is much harder to pick out,develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage.However,it's much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.V.Translation (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73.一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模试题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-老师版(全部带答案已经校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.Keys:Wildness therapy is a kind of psychotherapy, which is a successful one with argument. It is aimed to reform youths in trouble by having them get involved in outdoor activities. It is criticized/blamed for some of its methods, lack of professional staff and not being mentallybeneficial. However, it is a creative way to equip youths with life and social skills. (60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have h uge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.Keys:Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (40 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）Keys:Violence is officially reported to have become the greatest threat to teenagers’ lives, andstudents should learn to how to manage conflict.While conflict is inevitable, which students should know, keeping calm and carefully listening to each other is advisable.Reviewing what they hear and understanding what the real issue is will make the conflict become smaller.（58 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicals were blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.Keys:Fog, a concentration of tiny water droplets suspending in the air, is airline and airport operators’ enemy, but machines have helped to win the war against it. The fog-sweeping machine dissipates common fog, and the cloud-seeding machine can eliminate cold fog. Another weapon enables pilots to “see” the runway through the fog. (55 words)IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’sfeelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Keys:People may hesitate to help when they see children abused by their parents in public because they are afraid to embarrass and offend the parent. However, intervention can be done in a non-offensive way. Since children are too young to stand up for themselves, we are obliged to intervene, which may have a lifelong effect on their future/growth. (58 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona,Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Keys:Two measures have been taken to save California condors from extinction for decades. First, to keep condors away from electrical lines, electric shock training let them experience bitter but not fatal shock. Second to clear lead from their blood, some are given medical treatment at the zoo. As the statistics show, these efforts have had good results.(57 words)Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.Keys:Evidence shows that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recently study finds that fathers also have positive influence. They can help children feel more optimistic and self-confident, which boosts the math score of teenage girls and the language abilities of boys. Therefore, fathers should be encouraged to convey care and recognition to their children. (56 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.Keys:The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harm s innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, peoplearound the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.Keys:Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience. (59 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” thatmatters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”Keys:By asking the students to guess the colleges some celebrities attended and to investigate the educational background of their successful acquaintances, high school programmes indicate that the successful people don’t necessarily graduate from famous colleges.According to a research, not the universities people attended but their proper time management, efforts and willingness contribute most to lifelong success. (57 words)/By launching a campaign in which the students get to know the educational background of some famous and successful people, some high school instructing projects are intended to reveal that compared with the colleges the students attend, the efforts they made during the collegecount. Besides, students’ willingness and the eagerness to learn account more for lifelong success.(58 words)/With worthwhile guidance counseling programmes informing not “Where you go” but proper time management counts, the students and their parents are shocked to discover some celebrities didn’t graduate from first-class university. Nationwide research found high SATs didn’t mean high income. Those who applied but rejected will be successful if motivated, ambitious and active in learning. (55 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other word s, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to o ffer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. Asa result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.Keys:Such sales strategies as narrative, suggestive and consultative strategies can improve a company’s sales. The narrative strategy refers to a standard presentation suita ble for buyers with similar motives, while the suggestive strategy means the salesperson should offer alternative choices of a particular customer. Finally, the presentation in consultative strategy is designed to meet a consumer’s specific needs.(60 words)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.。
2018年浦东新区高三英语一模试卷及答案
浦东新区2017 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测试题高三英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。