2018届上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试卷和参考答案.pdf
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案
2018年上海高考英语第一次模拟考试试题与答案（本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)（听力部分不计入总分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AA trip to Paris is not complete without a visit to the Eiffel Tower. To get the most out of your visit, read our tips below：Visit at NightRiding up the Eiffel Tower at night and looking out over the streets of Paris, you’ll see why Paris is known as the “City of Light”. At street level，the spotlights on the top of the Tower zoom across the Paris skyline, and the reflections of the Tower in the Seine are sights not to be missed.Purchase Your Ticket in Advance OnlineBypass the long ticket lines at the Eiffel Tower by purchasing your ticket online from the Eiffel Tower website. You’ll pic k a time to visit, and then select whether to print out the ticket or display it on your phone or iPad a convenient option if you buy your ticket in Paris without easy access to a printer.Don’t Bring Valuable Objects with YouBefore entering the Eiffel Tower, your bags will be examined by a security officer. If an item you are carrying sets off the metal detector, the officer will take you away from the line for further inspection. We’ve stood in line for hours behind people who missed their chance to go up the Eiffel Tower.Have Drinks and Snacks at the Eiffel TowerIf you’re like us，after an exciting trip to the Eiffel Tower，you’ll be ready to rest your legs and have a relaxing snack and a drink in a Parisian cafe. Across the Seine inthe Trocadero area, there are many elegant cafes. The atmosphere is great，but the prices are in the stratosphere. Actually, the perfect place for common visitors to eat and drink is on the Eiffel Tower itself.21. Why does the author suggest visiting the Tower at night?A. Because you can see the Seine as clear as possible.B. Because you can avoid the crowds and enjoy it peacefully.C. Because you can have a special sight of the city of Pairs.D. Because you can stand on the top of the Tower.22. What does the underlined word “Bypass” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Control.B. Avoid.C. Stand.D. Remember.23. Why did some people fail to go up the Eiffel Tower?A. Because they had a quarrel with the officer.B. Because they lost valuable objects.C. Because they set off the metal detector.D. Because they didn’t seize the ch ance.24. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author recommends tourists have snacks at the Eiffel Tower.B. You spend more if you have snacks at the Tower.C. The author prefers to eat across the Seine.D. The Eiffel Tower provides expensive foods and drinks.BLike Indiana Jones (a fictional character),who undertakes daring adventures in his spare time,my father is a businessman by day and a thrill-seeker by night.His enthusiasm rubbed off on me,and I have been lucky to be his companion on many adventures.We started out by riding America's fastest,most twisted roller coasters.After that a whitewater rafting trip through the Grand Canyon（峡谷）on the Colorado River started our search for other extreme thrills across the globe.Amazing thrills awaited us at every corner of the world.Skydiving was especiallythrilling when performed from a helicopter over the breathtaking Swiss Alps.We have bungee jumped from the world's highest platform, Bloukrans Bridge in South Africa.Most recently,in Interlaken,Switzerland,we attempted canyoning（溪降运动）.Anyone who loves a challenging thrill should try canyoning.Our adventure began with a 90-foot rope down a canyon wall into a rushing ice-cold river.Then we crossed the bone-chilling water toward the mouth of the river,our final destination,where the reward for the journey would be a whole view of the beautiful Interlaken basin.We slid over slippery rocks at one moment,jumped from waterfalls and swam through underwater tunnels the next.Back and forth we alternated,climbing rope ladders before going back into the fresh mountain water.Certainly,clanger was waiting for us in each of these activities,but that very danger provided the rush.Canyoning was indeed one thrill after another,from beginning to end.While canyoning is possible only in certain places,thrills and adventure can be found anywhere.Our beginnings in the U.S. showed us just that.We continue to seek the big thrills,but in doing so,we have learned to seek lesser excitement in daily life as well.After all,we can't go canyoning every day,and small thrills are better than none for us thrill-seekers.25. What do we know about the author's father?A. He is a very successful bushinessman.B.He is doing a part-time job.C.He enjoys experiencing adventures.D. He likes Indiana Jones very much.26. What does the underlined phrase "rubbed off on" mean in paragraph 2?A. relate toB.affectC. keep offD.confuse27. What did the author and his father do when attempting canyoning?A. Jumped down from waterfalls and swam across the icy water.B. Jumped down a canyon river and crossed it.C.Climbed over a rope ladder and swam through underwater tunnels.D.Climbed down a canyon wall and swam across the rushing icy river.28. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?A. Small thrills in daily life are worth a try as well.B.We had better go abroad to experience canyoning.C. Canyoning is not suitable for everyone.D.America is the most proper place to experience adventures.CDo you have a business brain? Are you always looking for the next big idea? Maybe, like me, you might feel setting up a new company is something you might do when you’re older, when you have more experience. But that’s not always the case.While some of us may feel young adulthood is a time of uncertainly finding our place in the world, sleeping late and partying hard, others are already on a path to great business success. Take the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who started his company as a young university student at Harvard in the US. There are many other examples of young entrepreneurs (企业家) who have become hugely successful, proving that there’s no minimum age to becoming top dog.But to be the next business executive requires effort. You need to acquire a keen mind and good business intelligence and above all, you need enthusiasm. Starting a new business comes with an element of risk but if you are able to spot the next big idea, it’s probably worth giving it a try. Jessica Rose owns a jewelry making business and admits that “when I first started I had no business training but when I wok e up one day, I thought I’d really love to be a jewelry designer.” She went on to be a successful young entrepreneur.Being young and in business does have its drawbacks; you may worry you have nothing to bring to the table and that the people who work for you tend to be older and wiser. That’s what young British entrepreneur Suleman Sacranie found. He started his third business while studying chemistry at university. He says “now I’ve got two additional directors who have grey hair” but when they first sta rted he says he could tell they were thinking in the back of their heads, “I’ve got a kid sitting in front of me.”You may think setting up a new start-up is easier said than done. As well as ideas, you need financial backing and expert guidance. But if yo u’re studying hard at university and don’t have the desire to go into business and make your fortune, keep on studying – an education is priceless!29. At the very beginning, what’s the author’s attitude to the necessity of being agedand experienced in setting up a new company?A. Supportive.B. Impersonal.C. Negative.D. Critical.30. The author takes Jessica Rose for example in order to show that __________.A. it is easy to set up a new businessB. enthusiasm is more important than a keen mindC. business training is not necessaryD. doing business needs great effort31. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. Older directors shouldn’t be employed if you are young.B. Age plays an important role in setting up new business.C. If you don’t intend to set up business, just focus on your study.D. Education is more valuable than setting up a business.DAre you the type of person who has to plan everything? Doyou like to the surprised? Or are you the type who opens your birthday presents when you find them hidden in the closet?How do people determine the sex. why do people want to know. and what impact does it have on their pregnancy?While the potential risks of ultrasound(超声波)are thought to he lowest. it is not recommended simply to find out the sex of your baby. There is also the question of accuracy. Ultrasound is less accurate than genetic testing. Ultrasound is available to the majority of pregnant women. despite the warning against the routine use of ultrasound.Genetic testing is 99. 1 % accurate in determining the sex of your baby. However, genetic testing carries the risk of losing the pregnancy or harming the pregnancy. Amniocentesis(羊膜穿刺术)is usually said to have a 1%～2% loss rate and anadditional 1%～2% infection or problem rate. There have also been reports of disorder. Recent studies suggest that this problem is reduced if done after 10 weeks.Knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be for common reasons. such as decorating a baby room. or it can he for medical reasons, such as a sex-linked gene disorder.The impact of knowing the sex of your unborn baby can be anywhere front tiny things. such as decorating a nursery to high impact such as deciding to stop a pregnancy because of a sex-linked disorder. There is also the question of accuracy and bringing your new baby boy home to his pink room and closet full of dresses.There are ways of predicting the sex of your baby that are not as accurate, and should not be used for diagnostic(诊断的)purposes but are fun. Either way you go. whether or not you choose to know. the surprise will eventually be revealed at that magic moment when you hear."It's a…”32. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The condition of an unborn baby.B. The habit of planning everything.C. The labor to find hidden presents.D. The act of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.33. Compared with genetic testing. determining the sex of an unborn baby byultrasound is considered______A. less commonB. less accurateC. more riskyD. more useful34. What can we know about ultrasound from the text?A. It is the most dangerous for routine use.B. It shouldn't be used on pregnant women too often.C. It shouldn't be available to pregnant women at all.D. It shouldn't be used to determine the sex of an unborn baby.35. What，the text mainly about?A. Impacts on babies after testing them.B. Ways and benefits to know the sex of an unborn baby.C. Dangers of knowing the sex of an unborn baby.D. Techniques to change the sex of an unborn baby.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题
上海市浦东新区2018届高三英语上学期期末教学质量检测试题第一卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in theclass.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at thenext stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parkingthe car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and theconversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.第 1 页/ 共12 页C. He failed to get to the airport. D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captainto do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrongsuitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices. Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with childrenaround.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and othereveryday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur （创业者）.She won the 2015 Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, ___21___ recognizesinnovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally ___22___ their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight ___23___（power）第 2 页/ 共12 页by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, butMakosinski’s goal was ___24___（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access topower and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that shefailed school ___25___ she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, sothat was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doingscience projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people withlight?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when oneside ___26___（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beamof LED light for 20 minutes. ___27___（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“Start now. There ___28___ be nothing holding youback. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’___29___ may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot ofother things. You can do ___30___ you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitiveH. eyebrowI. domesticatedJ. selectionK. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facialexpression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent onemotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have foundthat dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention.Puppy dog eyes, in which the ___31___ is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, wasfound to be the most ___32___ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether thedogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites ___33___ andaffection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be ___34___ that the production offacial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeingfood ___35___ did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are ___36___ to humans’attention and thatexpressions are ___37___ active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”Theresearchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog wastied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’faces were ___38___ throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her bodyturned away from the dog.第 3 页/ 共12 页They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ___39___ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were ___40___.“Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years andduring that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”shesaid.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being ___41___ with the sound of awhistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but___42___ all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the ___43___ I hadmade, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of whatgood things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my follythat I cried with vexation(烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more ___44___ than the whistlegave me pleasure.___45___, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so thatoften, when I was ___46___ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and ___47___ theactions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who ___48___ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasureof doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49___gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When Imet a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but ___50___ devotedhimself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing___51___ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I sawsomeone fond of ___52___ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all abovehis ___53___, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “hehas paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” ___54___, the miseries of mankind are largely due to theirpuffing a(n) ___55___ value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choi c e D. bar gain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. ad mir e d D.fo l l owe d48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively 第 4 页/ 共12 页51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustrationD. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extra Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes tomind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looksand tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims thathis unique “garlic coffee”is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when heburned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched ga rlic’saroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked andtasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job,and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent yearsoptimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’vecooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnantwomen.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-likeflavor,” Shimotai adds.He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t causebad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drinkapparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can tryYokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy yourown dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?第 5 页/ 共12 页A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C. The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social classand interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sportscars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and areintended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier. Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is alsobound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition,puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour. Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid.Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?第 6 页/ 共12 页What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receiveanother one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyaltyto an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal toyour emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to________.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among somePeople, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. Thehypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oralbacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned.But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J.Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well knownto secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging suchacid-secreting bugs, DrGomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The childrenwere asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment ofdata collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the chil dren’s gingival sulci （the cleftsbetween teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children alsohad their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of currentor previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（atooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected theunderlying dentine as well.第7 页/ 共12 页Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteriawhich were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover,similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- tonine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do playin regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter howwell they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of therelevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, maynot be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though,that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoingresearch. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming togrips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable ofmanipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out _______.A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dentalcavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem. Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachBlank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the worldtoday.C. When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and workwonders.E. Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many otherfields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancercells.第8 页/ 共12 页Nanotechnology Grows Fast Thanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“sciencefact”of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film,a man withvery important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected intothe man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.___67___ Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developingrapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. ___68___ Uponfinding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso thatdoctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.___69___ We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of havingto charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working onsolar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for yourdevices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead toa new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you canturn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into ametal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax mighteventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. ___70___.Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advanceswill be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of thepassage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat tothe lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict theway they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violentincidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start overthe fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwichcan lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words thatwill calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotionalfire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the twosides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other personshould listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to第9 页/ 共12 页clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying tofigure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issuebecomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第二卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.2. 深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。
2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷(解析版)
2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷一、Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1．（6分）B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你所听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）2．（1分）A．In June．B．In May．C．In July．D．In March．3．（1分）A．A teacher．B．A shop assistant．C．A shop manager．D．A bank clerk．4．（1分）A．Clean the kitchen．B．Lay the table．C．Cook with Jenny．D．Enjoy the dinner．5．（1分）A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Cloudy．D．Snowy．6．（1分）A．At 1：00p．m．B．At 2：00p．m．C．At 3：00p．m．D．At 5：00p．m．7．（1分）A．In the library．B．In the cinema．C．In the restaurant．D．In the book store．8．（1分）A．Because they get lost again．B．Because he doesn't feel very well．C．Because the car needs repairing．D．Because he's not sure how far they can go．9．（1分）A．The woman lives in a house on Lake Street．B．The woman doesn't want to live with her roommate．C．The woman wants to share a house with Rob．D．The woman and her roommate want to move into Rob's house．C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）10．（6分）15．When Jason opened the hotel room door in Hawaii，it was 10：30 p．m．16．Jason walked out onto the balcony to breathe the warm and fresh night air．17．Jason was a guest of Room 645 and was locked in his bathroom that night．18．Jason climbed over to the balcony of the neighbour and asked for help．19．The clerk of the front desk heard Jason's shouts and came to help him．20．From then on，Jason would possibly be more careful than before．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）（10分）11．（5分）21．You should know the lines so well that you needn't forgetting them．22．You can practice in an and make sure everyone can hear the word．23．Most people agree that nerves（紧张）are a good thing and actually．24．Besides walking，jogging，talking and staying alone，find out what to relax．25．Do not forget to when you have done everything you can to prepare properly．二、Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）12．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound /fɪə/？（）A．fill B．fear C．fair D．feel13．（1分）The students are planning to have ______ outdoor barbecue party next week．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/14．（1分）This shopping mall is quite empty．There are _____ people here．（）A．few B．little C．many D．much15．（1分）Please connect the speakers _____ the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly．（）A．by B．of C．at D．to16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Does this story book belong to ______？﹣﹣﹣No．I left mine at home．（）A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself17．（1分）Amy _____ shares her happy moments with Cathy．They are bestfriends．（）A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldom18．（1分）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take the underground．（）A．can B．may C．must D．shall19．（1分）The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers ______．（）A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest20．（1分）Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily，_____ of them reached her．（）A．both B．neither C．all D．none21．（1分）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking．You should ask him first．"The teacher said．（）A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'22．（1分）The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the ______ we will remember the word．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best23．（1分）Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．（）A．go B．going C．goes D．to go24．（1分）Nancy _______ lots of work for the school union since she went to university．（）A．did B．will do C．has done D．had done25．（1分）Many journalists _______ the police about the international case a while ago．（）A．interviewed B．interviewC．are interviewing D．had interviewed26．（1分）______ important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!（）A．What B．What a C．What an D．How27．（1分）Online games are very interesting，______ children can't spend too much time on it．（）A．and B．but C．so D．or28．（1分）My father asked，"______ wallet is this？I found it on the table．"（）A．What B．Which C．Who D．Whose29．（1分）﹣﹣﹣______ can the next﹣generation Fuxing train run？﹣﹣﹣It can run up to more than 400km an hour．（）A．How long B．How fast C．How far D．How soon30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Please give my best wishes to your parents．﹣﹣﹣___________．（）A．Thank you，I will． B．Not at all．C．Don't say so．D．Yes，I do．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____．﹣﹣﹣Well done!（）A．Sorry for keeping you waiting so long．B．How are you getting on with your work？C．I passed an important test yesterday．D．Why not go to the cinema with me？三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）32．（4分）A．continues B．serious C．apply D．strongE．wildAnimal bitesIf an animal bites you，you can wash the part with soap and water and（46）the wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．Bites by （47）animals like bats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．If this happens ask for advice froma doctor．Nosebleeds（流鼻血）Although they are scary，nosebleeds are not strange in children and they usually aren't （48）．Let the person sit up with his or her head forward．Do not let the person lean back as this may cause coughing．Press the soft part of the nose for at least 10minutes．If the nosebleed （49）after this，ask for advice from a doctor．33．（4分）A．gently B．ambulance C．immediately D．careE．agentInsect stings（虫叮）Although insect stings can be awful，they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．They still need emergency（紧急）medical （50）．If a bee stings the person，remove it（51）with a hand．Wash the part with soap and water．Use ice or a cool wet cloth to make it less painful．If there are any signs of getting worse，call a（n）（52）．Knocked﹣out tooth（碰落的牙）Find the knocked﹣out tooth．Wash the tooth in milk or salt water．Store it in milk until you get to the dentist．Ask for help from a dentist or go to an emergency room （53）．It may help you save the tooth．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）34．（1分）A survey shows work six hours on average on weekdays．（German）35．（1分）He is excited that amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention．（he）36．（1分）We still need more assistants for the teen center library．（second）37．（1分）My father told me that he was tired because of the of the lecture．（long）38．（1分）In years，Alipay is more and more popular all over the world．（recently）39．（1分）Hardworking children are more likely to in the future．（success）40．（1分）It is true that computers calculate very fast and give wrong answers．（rare）41．（1分）To live happily，please close the door on experiences in your memory．（happy）五、Rewrite the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成句子．第62-67小题每空限填一词）（共14分）42．（1分）The confident woman enjoys singing in front of large crowds．（改为一般疑问句）the confident woman singing in front of large crowds？43．（1分）3﹣D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s．（改为反意疑问句）3﹣D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s，？44．（1分）The young designer created some beautiful clothing designs for spring．（就划线部分提问）did the young designer for spring？45．（1分）At the Spring Festival，we hang many coloured lights from the building．（改为被动语态）At the Spring Festival，many coloured lights from the building．46．（1分）Unless you clean your teeth regularly，you may get toothache．（保持句意基本不变）you clean your teeth regularly，you may get toothache．47．（1分）"Have you ever ridden a shared﹣bike？"Linda asked her mom．（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Linda asked her mom she ever ridden a shared﹣bike．48．（2分）they，to deal with，the way，the problem，have not found（连词成句）六、Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（共50分）A. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12分）49．（12分）Your sister often volunteers for the People's Food Bank．She shows you a poster about this charity．69．According to the poster，you should not donate to the People's Food Bank．A．cerealB．riceC．tinned foodD．milk70．According to the poster，food that is accepted．A．can't be used after 25DecemberB．won't go bad until AprilC．will go bad in one monthD．helps to feed the Christmas tree71．According to the poster，people who are not helped by the donations．A．are too busy to cookB．have no place to live inC．are blind and poorD．have money problems72．What cannot we do for People's Food Bank？A．Do volunteer work．B．Save money online．C．Learn about fund﹣raising activities．D．Bring food to the collection points．73．People's Food Bank．A．stores food for Christmas treeB．sells food to the people in needC．reminds people not to waste foodD．purchases food for the community74．The main purpose of the poster is to．A．look for volunteersB．set up a food bankC．celebrate ChristmasD．introduce a kind of charity workB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）50．（6分）Do you feel cool and calm？If your answer is no，you're not alone．In today's society，many people find it difficult to slow down．Fast﹣paced lifestyles make it hard for many to really relax．The good news is you needn't （75）to a nice place for relaxation．You can experience these in the middle of a stress﹣filled life．Better thinkingThe ability of relaxation depends more on your thinking than your situation．The next time when you suffer from worry，think about the situation．What is the problem？What is the cause？Most importantly，what can you do about it？Then，make an"action plan"or a"to﹣do list"to help you feel less worried．（76），if the situation is not in your hands，you should let it go．Take a walk，exercise and talk to a friend to get your mind off the problem．A habit of relaxingEven the busiest people arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable．They do so because they know it's（77）．The time you spend relaxing is an important period．A 10﹣minute break in the middle of a long workday can increase your productivity（生产力）．You can find a（n）（78），such as exercise，a hot bath or favourite TV show，to make you come to life．A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week．Restful sleepUnfortunately，not being able to relax causes some people to lose their most important rest：sleep．If that's you，write everything on your mind in your diary before going to bed．Write down both problems and possible （79）．This can help you release thoughts that might prevent you from getting needed sleep．Finally，（80）your disadvantages．You can't do everything perfectly，but you can get the rest and relaxation you need to do many things better．75．A．capture B．escape C．discover D．manage76．A．So B．However C．Above all D．As a result 77．A．necessary B．dramatic C．common D．traditional 78．A．place B．location C．activity D．event 79．A．ideas B．exercises C．suggestions D．solutions 80．A．deny B．explain C．recognize D．catchC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）51．（7分）Every morning Sarah turns on her computer．First，she checks her email．Then，she v（81） a social networking website to find out what her friends are doing．On this website，she reads news from her friends．For example，she may look at comments her friends made about movies，music，books and other friends．On her page，Sarah writes a short a（82）about what she is doing．Like many young people，Sarah enjoys meeting and communicating with others on social networks．These websites let people see what their friends are doing and thinking．Social networking sites become more and more popular every day，and they are popular all around the world．Why has the social networking s（83）to different users so quickly？One reason is because people are social．We like to communicate with other people．We use cell phones，email，QQ and websites to learn what our friends are doing．Social networking sites are interactive（互动）and personal．People can share photographs with each other．They can tell people what they are doing at any moment and keep in touch．They can post a link to site with their favourite song or band．Many people post their videos on sites like YouTube．Other users can give their o（84）on these photos and videos．This makes these websites become more popular．Being able to write on the site is a（85）reason．In the past，websites onlyhad information for users to read．Today，the Internet is more interactive than it was in the past．Now anyone can have their own website，blog，or page on sites like Facebook．Readers are now also writers and can add materials to the Web e （86）．People can express their own ideas，and they can put their own experience online．Social networking sites have become widely used among all ages．D（87）college，students spend almost two hours every day on Facebook．Teenagers and older people often use their sites as well．The Internet keeps changing，but one thing is clear：People enjoy using websites to share and communicate online．D. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）（12分）52．（6分）Tim was running for（竞选）grade president．He and his friend Zack were putting up coloured posters in the school garden．They wrote，"TIM SHOULD WIN!"A fifth grader walked by them and saw the poster in the library．He read the poster and asked，"Why？Why should you win？"and then walked away．Tim had never thought about why before．He knew that he was popular in his grade and a lot of students would vote for him．"I suppose you should have some changes in the poster"，Zack suggested，"More break time？Hey，how about that new coffee machine in the boys' changing room you're always talking about？"At home，Tim and Zack made up new posters that said，"VOTE TIM：New coffee machine in the boys' changing room．Everyone will play soccer at lunch．"The next day at school，some of Tim's regular friends avoided him，especially the girls，"What's the matter with everyone？"Tim puzzled while standing in the lunch line．"I'll tell you what's wrong，"said a small girl in line behind him．"Almost no one likes your campaign promises（竞选承诺）．The girls couldn't care less if you're going to get a coffee machine in the boys' changing room．And，nobody wants to be told they have to play soccer at break，Some people like to play other games．"Tim thought about what he could do．Tim and Zack decided to conduct a survey among the fourth graders and make a bar graph according to the result．Then they made up new campaign posters．The students were pleased with Tim's promises on the posters．They started talking to him again，and the next week he won the election．Tim realized…88．Was Zack running for grade president？89．Where did the fifth grader see their poster？90．In which grade would Tim like to be grade president？91．How many times did they make up the posters？92．What did Tim and Zack do before making the last posters？93．After Tim won the election，what did Tim realize？十、Writing（作文）（共20分）53．（20分）Write at least 60words on the topic"The beauty in my life"（以"我生活中的美"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）生活中的美无处不在，如在学校活动中、与家人共处时、与朋友欢聚时、与动物相处时……，请选择一个方面，结合发生在你自己身上的一次经历，来写一写你发现的家人或师生间的亲情之美，朋友或同学间的友谊之美，人与动物间的和谐之美……，并说说理由．（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、学校及其它相关信息，否则不予评分．）2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1．（6分）【分析】略【解答】略B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你所听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）2．（1分）A．In June．B．In May．C．In July．D．In March．【分析】略【解答】略3．（1分）A．A teacher．B．A shop assistant．C．A shop manager．D．A bank clerk．【分析】略【解答】略4．（1分）A．Clean the kitchen．B．Lay the table．C．Cook with Jenny．D．Enjoy the dinner．【分析】略【解答】略5．（1分）A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Cloudy．D．Snowy．【分析】略【解答】略6．（1分）A．At 1：00p．m．B．At 2：00p．m．C．At 3：00p．m．D．At 5：00p．m．【分析】略【解答】略7．（1分）A．In the library．B．In the cinema．C．In the restaurant．D．In the book store．【分析】略【解答】略8．（1分）A．Because they get lost again．B．Because he doesn't feel very well．C．Because the car needs repairing．D．Because he's not sure how far they can go．【分析】略【解答】略9．（1分）A．The woman lives in a house on Lake Street．B．The woman doesn't want to live with her roommate．C．The woman wants to share a house with Rob．D．The woman and her roommate want to move into Rob's house．【分析】略【解答】略C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）10．（6分）15．When Jason opened the hotel room door in Hawaii，it was 10：30 p．m．16．Jason walked out onto the balcony to breathe the warm and fresh night air．17．Jason was a guest of Room 645 and was locked in his bathroom that night．18．Jason climbed over to the balcony of the neighbour and asked for help．19．The clerk of the front desk heard Jason's shouts and came to help him．20．From then on，Jason would possibly be more careful than before．【分析】略【解答】略D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）（10分）11．（5分）21．You should know the lines so well that you needn't略forgetting them．22．You can practice in an略and make sure everyone can hear the word．23．Most people agree that nerves（紧张）are a good thing and actually略．24．Besides walking，jogging，talking and staying alone，find out what略to relax．25．Do not forget to略when you have done everything you can to prepare properly．【分析】略【解答】略二、Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）12．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound /fɪə/？（）A．fill B．fear C．fair D．feel【分析】下面哪一个单词的发音是/fɪə/？【解答】答案：B．fill的音标是[fɪl]；fear的音标是[fɪə]；fair的音标是[feə]；feel的音标是[fiːl]．因此可知fear的音标与所给音标一致，故选B．13．（1分）The students are planning to have ______ outdoor barbecue party next week．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【分析】学生们正在计划下周举行一个户外烧烤聚会．【解答】答案：B．a ，an，the．三者都是冠词．a，an 是不定冠词，表泛指，译为"一个"，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，表特指．译为"这个，那个，这些，那些"．．有一个户外烧烤聚会．表泛指，"一个"用不定冠词，因outdoor是以元音音素开头的单词．故答案应选择B．14．（1分）This shopping mall is quite empty．There are _____ people here．（）A．few B．little C．many D．much【分析】这家购物商场非常空，没几个人在这里．【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是这家购物商场非常空，没几个人在这里．这里表示否定的含义，且后面是可数名词people，故选A没几个，修饰可数名词，表示否定的含义．B修饰不可数名词，很少，C很多，修饰可数名词复数，D很多，修饰不可数名词．15．（1分）Please connect the speakers _____ the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly．（）A．by B．of C．at D．to【分析】请把扬声器连接到CD机上，以便我们能清楚地听到歌曲．【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是请把扬声器连接到CD机上，以便我们能清楚地听到歌曲．考查短语connect sth．to sth．故选D．16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Does this story book belong to ______？﹣﹣﹣No．I left mine at home．（）A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself【分析】﹣﹣这本故事书属于你吗？﹣﹣不，我把我的忘在家里了．【解答】答案：A．you"你，你们"是人称代词主各或宾格，your"你的，你们的"是人称代词形容词性的所有格，yours"你的，你们的"是名词性的所有格，yourself "你自己的"是反身代词．因belong to sb 属于某人，其中to是介词，所以sb 是宾格，属于你，用"belong to you "，因此空格用you．由提干"﹣﹣这本故事书属于你妈？﹣﹣不，我把我的忘在家里了．"，故答案选择A．17．（1分）Amy _____ shares her happy moments with Cathy．They are best friends．（）A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldom【分析】艾米总是和凯西分享她的快乐时光．他们是最好的朋友．【解答】答案：A．always"总是，一直，永远"，hardly"几乎不，几乎没有"，never"从不，决不"，seldom "很少，不常"．四者都是频度副词，根据下句They are best friends．"他们是最好的朋友"可知，空格应填always，由题干"艾米总是和凯西分享她的快乐时光．他们是最好的朋友．"可知，故答案选择A．18．（1分）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take the underground．（）A．can B．may C．must D．shall【分析】所有的乘客在乘地铁之前必须经过安全检查．【解答】答案：C．can"能，会"，may"可以" must"必须，一定"，shall"将要，将"．由题干"所有的乘客在乘地铁之前必须经过安全检查．"可知，故答案选择C．19．（1分）The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers ______．（）A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest【分析】连环画应该充满活力，以保持读者的兴趣．【解答】答案：C．考查形容词．A兴趣，名词复数．B有趣的，通常修饰事物．C 感兴趣的，通常修饰人．D兴趣，名词．keep+形容词，保持某种状态，固定搭配．A，D不正确．由"读者"可知，形容人感兴趣，用形容词interested．选C．20．（1分）Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily，_____ of them reached her．（）A．both B．neither C．all D．none【分析】珍妮佛给玛丽发了几封电子邮件．不幸的是，没有一封到达她那里．【解答】答案：D．both"双方都，两者都"，neither"两者都不"，all "全部"，none"没有人，没有东西，一个也没有"，四者都可作代词．none 指人，物都可以，常接表范围的of﹣短语．做主语时，谓语一般为单数，也可用复数．none of them 可译为"它们当中没有一个"．根据上句Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily"珍妮佛给玛丽发了几封电子邮件．不幸的是"，此空格用none ，由题干"珍妮佛给玛丽发了几封电子邮件．不幸的是，没有一封到达她那里．"可知，故答案选择D．21．（1分）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking．You should ask him first．"The teacher said．（）A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'【分析】"不要随便拿你同学的字典．你应该先问他．"老师说．【解答】答案：B．classmate"同班同学"是名词，classmate′s"同班同学的"是名词的所有格，classmates"同班同学们"，classmates′"同班同学们的"，是名词的所有格，由下句You should ask him first．"你应该先问问他．"可知，是指一个同学，你的同学的字典，的翻译为"your classma te′s dictinoary"，故空格用classmate′s．由题干""不要随便拿你同学的字典．你应该先问他．"老师说．"可知，故答案选择B．22．（1分）The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the ______ we will remember the word．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best【分析】我们头脑中图片的颜色越丰富，我们就更好的记住这个词．【解答】答案：C．根据"The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the "结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话考查的是结构"the+比较级，the+比较级"意思是"越…，就越…"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们头脑中图片的颜色越丰富，我们就更好的记住这个词．"故选C．23．（1分）Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．（）A．go B．going C．goes D．to go【分析】当我们遇到麻烦时，无论我们在哪里，政府都能让我们安全回家．【解答】答案：D．根据Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．可知这里考查enable sb to do sth表示使某人能够做某事，故选D．24．（1分）Nancy _______ lots of work for the school union since she went to university．（）A．did B．will do C．has done D．had done【分析】南希自从上了大学已经为学生会做了许多事情了．【解答】答案：C，考查现在完成时态，由句意南希自从上了大学已经为学生会做了许多事情了．可知该句强调结果，因此使用现在完成时态，现在完成时态的构成为have/has+动词过去分词，主语Nancy为三单，因此用has，do过去分词为done，故选C．25．（1分）Many journalists _______ the police about the international case a while ago．（）A．interviewed B．interviewC．are interviewing D．had interviewed【分析】不久之前，好多记者就那个国际案件采访了警察．【解答】答案：A，考查时态辨析，根据a while ago不久之前，可以判断出该句应该使用一般过去时态，一般过去时态构成为主语+did+其他，interview的过去式是规则变化，为interviewed，故选A26．（1分）______ important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!（）A．What B．What a C．What an D．How【分析】青少年在生活中自由地想象是多么的重要！【解答】答案：D．根据important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!可知这里考查了感叹句，本句的中心词是important，它是一个形容词，根据How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!故选D．27．（1分）Online games are very interesting，______ children can't spend too much time on it．（）A．and B．but C．so D．or【分析】网络游戏很有趣，但是孩子们不能在游戏上花太多的时间．【解答】答案：B．or"或者，否则，要不然"，表示选择关系．and"和，又"，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，but"但是"，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对．so"因此、所以"，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系．由上句Online games are very interesting．"网络游戏很有趣"可知下句children can't spend too much time on it．孩子们不能花太多时间在游戏上．表转折，故空格用but．由题干"网络游戏很有趣，但是孩子们不能在游戏上花太多间．"可知，故答案选择B．28．（1分）My father asked，"______ wallet is this？I found it on the table．"（）A．What B．Which C．Who D．Whose【分析】我爸爸问"这是谁的钱包？我在桌子上发现的"．【解答】答案：D．分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我爸爸问"这是谁的钱包？我在桌子上发现的"．故选D谁的．A什么，B哪一个，C谁．29．（1分）﹣﹣﹣______ can the next﹣generation Fuxing train run？﹣﹣﹣It can run up to more than 400km an hour．（）A．How long B．How fast C．How far D．How soon【分析】下一代复兴列车运行得有多快？它可以运行高达400余公里每小时．【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是下一代复兴列车运行得有多快？它可以运行高达400余公里每小时．这里表示速度，故选B多快．A多长时间，C多远，问距离，D多久之后，通常用于介词in引导的将来时．30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Please give my best wishes to your parents．﹣﹣﹣___________．（）A．Thank you，I will． B．Not at all．C．Don't say so．D．Yes，I do．【分析】请代我向你父母问好．谢谢你，我会的．【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是请代我向你父母问好．谢谢你，我会的．故选A谢谢你，我会的．B根本不，C别这么说，D是的，我做．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____．﹣﹣﹣Well done!（）A．Sorry for keeping you waiting so long．B．How are you getting on with your work？C．I passed an important test yesterday．D．Why not go to the cinema with me？【分析】昨天我通过了一个重要的考试．干得好！【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是昨天我通过了一个重要的考试．干得好！故选C昨天我通过了一个重要的考试．A对不起，让您久等了．B 你的工作进展如何？D为什么不和我一起去看电影呢？三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）32．（4分）A．continues B．serious C．apply D．strongE．wildAnimal bitesIf an animal bites you，you can wash the part with soap and water and（46）Cthe wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．Bites by （47）E animals like bats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．If this happens ask for advice from a doctor．Nosebleeds（流鼻血）Although they are scary，nosebleeds are not strange in children and they usually aren't （48）B．Let the person sit up with his or her head forward．Do not let the person lean back as this may cause coughing．Press the soft part of the nose for at least 10minutes．If the nosebleed （49）A after this，ask for advice from a doctor．【分析】本文主要描述了如果某人被动物咬伤或流鼻血等一些意外伤害的急救措施．【解答】46．C．考查动词．根据题干设空后面的句子：the wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．可知如果伤口处正在流血，可以用一个干净的布"敷"在伤口处．又因情态动词"can"后面跟的动词原形，and 前后时态保持一致，所以设空处填动词原形．选项C．apply 申请；涂，敷，是动词形式．符合题意．故选C．47．E．考查形容词．根据设空后面的句子：animals like bats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．可知像蝙蝠，鼠和狐狸等是"野生"动物．又因题干关键词"animals "动物，是名词形式，可用形容词来修饰．选项E．wild野生的，是形容词，符合题意，故选E．48．B．考查形容词．根据题干关键句：nosebleeds are not strange in children．可知孩子流鼻血不奇怪，并且经常不太"严重"．又因该题干是主系表结构，所以设空处需要填一个形容词做表语．选项B．serious 严重的，是形容词形式，符合题意，故选B．49．A．考查动词．根据题干主句：ask for advice from a doctor．可知如果鼻血"继续"流，向医生寻求建议．又因该题干是主谓宾结构，缺少谓语，设空处需要填动词做谓语．以if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来．主语中心词：nosebleed 鼻血，是不可数名词，所以填动词的单三形式．选项A．continues 继续，是三单动词，符合题意，故选A．33．（4分）A．gently B．ambulance C．immediately D．careE．agentInsect stings（虫叮）Although insect stings can be awful，they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．They still need emergency（紧急）medical （50）E．If a bee stings the person，remove it（51）A with a hand．Wash the part with soap and water．Use ice or a cool wet cloth to make it less painful．If there are any signs of getting worse，call a（n）（52）B．Knocked﹣out tooth（碰落的牙）Find the knocked﹣out tooth．Wash the tooth in milk or salt water．Store it in milk until you get to the dentist．Ask for help from a dentist or go to an emergency room （53）C．It may help you save the tooth．【分析】虫叮虽然很可怕，但是他们经常不需要医生治疗．他们仍然需紧急医学的"药剂"．如果一只蜜蜂叮一人，用手"轻轻地"把它移走．用肥皂水清洗被叮的部分．如果有恶化的迹象，叫一个"救护车．发现有碰落的牙，用牛奶或盐水清洗．把它存在牛奶中直到你到达牙科．立即向牙科医生寻求帮助或者去急救中心，可能会保存你的牙齿．【解答】50．E．考查名词．根据前一句：they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．句意：他们不需要医生治疗．结合题干可知：他们仍然需紧急医学的"药剂"．又因题干关键词"medical " 医学的，是形容词，可修饰名词，所以该空填名词．选项E．agent 代理人；药剂，是名词形式．符合题意．故选E．51．A．考查副词．根据题干从句：If a bee stings the person，可知如果一只蜜蜂叮一人，用手"轻轻地"把它移走．又因题干关键词"remove" 移动，移动，是动词，可用副词来修饰．选项A．gently 轻轻地，是副词，符合题意，故选A．52．B．考查名词．根据题干从句：If there are any signs of getting worse，可知如果有恶化的迹象，叫一个"救护车'．又因填干关键词"a（n）" 一，一个，是不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数形式．选项B．ambulance 救护车，是可数名词，符合题意，故选B．53．C．考查副词．根据后一句：It may help you save the tooth．可知'立即"向牙科医生寻求帮助或者去急救中心，可能会保存你的牙齿．又因题干关键词" go"去是动词，可用副词来修饰．选项C．immediately 立刻，马上，是副词，符合题意．故选C．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）34．（1分）A survey shows Germans work six hours on average on weekdays．（German）【分析】一项调查显示德国人平日工作时间为六小时．【解答】答案：Germans．根据A survey shows﹣﹣work six hours on average on weekdays，可知一项调查显示德国人平日工作时间为六小时．这里放在主语的位置用名词形式，表示的人不止一个，用复数形式．故填Germans．35．（1分）He is excited that his amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention．（he）【分析】他在比赛中的精彩表演引起了人们的注意，这使他很兴奋．【解答】答案：his．根据He is excited that﹣﹣amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention，可知他在比赛中的精彩表演引起了人们的注意，这使他很兴奋．这里修饰名词用形容词性物主代词．故填his．36．（1分）We still need two more assistants for the teen center library．（second）【分析】我们还需要两个助理去青少年中心图书馆．【解答】答案：two 根据提示，推测意思是我们还需要两个助理去青少年中心图。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods achild eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the faceof globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machinelearning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.Data science: A forefront force in tech business.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-学生版(已校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Ch ristmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of vi olence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicalswere blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? A fter all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurt ful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotionalabuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival tim e in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager trav elers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual c ustomer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what wasmorally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleIt’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to alarge demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleReading the world in 195 boobsIn 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes,extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet.One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct。
2018年浦东新区高三英语一模试卷及答案
浦东新区2017 学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测试题高三英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gym. B. In a shoe-repair shop.C. In a department store.D. At a track.2. A. $200. B. $400.C. $250.D. $500.3. A. Take classes. B. Find a job.C. Learn more.D. Get ready for the next term.4. A. To leave her a message with her roommate. B. To solve a problem in his homework.C. To talk with her roommate.D. To ask about his homework.5. A. He likes physics. B. His physics is the best in the class.C. He is working hard at physics.D. His physics is very poor in the class.6. A. A sportsman. B. A doctor.C. A news reporter.D. A game designer.7. A. Unforgettable. B. Impressive.C. Pleasant.D. Disappointing.8. A. Coins and banknotes. B. Weights and measures.C. Shapes and areas.D. Volumes and sizes.9. A. It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B. The next stop is the terminal station.C. The next stop is their stop.D. A lot of people get off at the next stop.10. A. The Parking places are very far away. B. He had no problem finding the park.C. There is enough parking space.D. He isn’t very good at parking the car.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The driver took the wrong route. B. He missed his flight.C. He failed to get to the airport.D. His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12. A. One of the wings caught fire. B. The plane encountered a strong storm.C. There was something wrong with the engine.D. The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13. A. He had forgotten to lock his front door. B. He had lost his keys to the front door.C. He had left his luggage in the taxi.D. He had picked up the wrong suitcase.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B. Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C. More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D. British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15. A. Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B. Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C. Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D. Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16. A. Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B. The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C. British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D. The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. For ten years. B. For nine years. C. For eight years. D. For one year.18. A. She is more concentrated on her career. B. She is not sure about the marriage.C. She’s holding hatred against Frank.D. She’s not comfortable with children around.19. A. Keeping persuading Claire. B. Give up and compromise.C. Fight harder with Claire.D. Give Claire some time.20. A. They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B. They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C. They are planning to get a divorce.D. They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分）Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（r创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causing excitementinternationally 22 their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight 23 （power） by the heat of one’s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski’s goal was 24 （o ffer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school 25 she couldn’t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects, so I thought, why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side 26 （heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED lightfor 20 minutes, 27 （use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“S tart now. There 28 be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh, I’m a student. I just need to study.’ 29 may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do 30 you want. Just go ahead.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was foundto be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are notjust a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.” The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a rangeof exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.facial They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39 expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’ expressions have evolved as they were 40 . “Domestic dogs have a unique history –they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us, ”she said.Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being 41 with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one.I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but 42 all the family. My brothers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the43 I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation( 烦恼). Thinking about the matter gave me more44 than the whistle gave me pleasure.45 , this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was 46 to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Don’t give too muchfor the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As I grew up, came into the world, and 47 the actionsof men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who 48 every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship,___49__gathering and keeping wealth--- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_____devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing51 for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of 52 who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his 53 , and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, very dear, for his whistle.” 54 , the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) 55 value on things --- to giving “too much for their whistle.”41. A. faced B. charmed C. sympathized D. provided42. A. disturbing B. attracting C. entertaining D. confusing43. A. trouble B. attempt C. choice D. bargain44. A. satisfaction B. relief C. annoyance D. stress45. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Indeed46. A. tempted B. determined C. forced D. persuaded47. A. took B. observed C. admired D. followed48. A. turned against B. gave up C. cared about D. relied on49. A. in case of B. instead of C. for the sake of D. in terms of50. A. merely B. similarly C. strangely D. positively51. A. inconvenience B. burden C. frustration D. pain52. A. appearance B. wealth C. comforts D. necessities53. A. demand B. fortune C. standard D. value54. A. As a result B. By contrast C. On average D. In short55. A. unexpected B. great C. false D. extraSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves in an electric oven, and, after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic is thoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, Iwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen（$2.8）.56. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder ”in the second paragraph?A. mistakeB. showC. mixtureD. brand57. Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A. A woman bearing a baby.B. A student having trouble with sleep.C. A cleaner working on a day shift.D. A young lady sick of garlic.58. Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A. It is caffeine-free.B. Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D. It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59. Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A. venturous and greedyB. innovative and perseverantC. hardworking and cautiousD. observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider, including: target audiencebrand namessloganspictures and colourspecial offers/couponsemotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age, sex, social class and interests. They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at: nappies, diamonds, mint chocolates, sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people: teenagers, 25-year-old single men, 40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully. They can suggest particular lifestyles, values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera: this suggests quality. Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka: the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity. It is modern and futuristic. It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable. Slogans use a range of devices: alliteration, repetition, puns, questions, personal pronouns and humour.Have a break. Have a Kit Kat. RepetitionThe totally tropical taste. AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased, even photographs. They create aview of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow: freshness, sunlight, lemons. This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green: countryside, natural, healthy. What would you use this colour for ?What do you associate these colours with: red, black, orange, gold, blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’: if you buy one product you will receive another one free or half price. These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60. What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A. Green.B. Red.C. Orange.D. Yellow.61. Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A. Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B. We do, we said.（HENNESSY）C. M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D. Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62. According to the passage, to reta.n the regular customers, advertising companies tend to.A. impress them with colorful picturesB. use promotional strategiesC. change slogans frequentlyD. create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all agedbetween five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts betweenteeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teethscored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and allected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.A. Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B. Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible, great changes will take place in numerous fields.D. Small as they are, large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F. They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body, seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”o f today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic V oyag（e《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with very important knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into the man’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in the film, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient. 68 Upon finding a tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don’t need to. Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, you can turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms. 70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ. Surmmary Writing（10 分）Directions：R ead the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）第Ⅱ卷Ⅴ. Translation（15 分）Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。
2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷(解析版)
2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷一、Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1．（6分）B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你所听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）2．（1分）A．In June．B．In May．C．In July．D．In March．3．（1分）A．A teacher．B．A shop assistant．C．A shop manager．D．A bank clerk．4．（1分）A．Clean the kitchen．B．Lay the table．C．Cook with Jenny．D．Enjoy the dinner．5．（1分）A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Cloudy．D．Snowy．6．（1分）A．At 1：00p．m．B．At 2：00p．m．C．At 3：00p．m．D．At 5：00p．m．7．（1分）A．In the library．B．In the cinema．C．In the restaurant．D．In the book store．8．（1分）A．Because they get lost again．B．Because he doesn't feel very well．C．Because the car needs repairing．D．Because he's not sure how far they can go．9．（1分）A．The woman lives in a house on Lake Street．B．The woman doesn't want to live with her roommate．C．The woman wants to share a house with Rob．D．The woman and her roommate want to move into Rob's house．C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）10．（6分）15．When Jason opened the hotel room door in Hawaii，it was 10：30 p．m．16．Jason walked out onto the balcony to breathe the warm and fresh night air．17．Jason was a guest of Room 645 and was locked in his bathroom that night．18．Jason climbed over to the balcony of the neighbour and asked for help．19．The clerk of the front desk heard Jason's shouts and came to help him．20．From then on，Jason would possibly be more careful than before．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）（10分）11．（5分）21．You should know the lines so well that you needn't forgetting them．22．You can practice in an and make sure everyone can hear the word．23．Most people agree that nerves（紧张）are a good thing and actually．24．Besides walking，jogging，talking and staying alone，find out what to relax．25．Do not forget to when you have done everything you can to prepare properly．二、Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）12．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound /fɪə/？（）A．fill B．fear C．fair D．feel13．（1分）The students are planning to have ______ outdoor barbecue party next week．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/14．（1分）This shopping mall is quite empty．There are _____ people here．（）A．few B．little C．many D．much15．（1分）Please connect the speakers _____ the CD player so that we can hear the songs clearly．（）A．by B．of C．at D．to16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Does this story book belong to ______？﹣﹣﹣No．I left mine at home．（）A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself17．（1分）Amy _____ shares her happy moments with Cathy．They are bestfriends．（）A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldom18．（1分）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take the underground．（）A．can B．may C．must D．shall19．（1分）The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers ______．（）A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest20．（1分）Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily，_____ of them reached her．（）A．both B．neither C．all D．none21．（1分）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking．You should ask him first．"The teacher said．（）A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'22．（1分）The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the ______ we will remember the word．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best23．（1分）Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．（）A．go B．going C．goes D．to go24．（1分）Nancy _______ lots of work for the school union since she went to university．（）A．did B．will do C．has done D．had done25．（1分）Many journalists _______ the police about the international case a while ago．（）A．interviewed B．interviewC．are interviewing D．had interviewed26．（1分）______ important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!（）A．What B．What a C．What an D．How27．（1分）Online games are very interesting，______ children can't spend too much time on it．（）A．and B．but C．so D．or28．（1分）My father asked，"______ wallet is this？I found it on the table．"（）A．What B．Which C．Who D．Whose29．（1分）﹣﹣﹣______ can the next﹣generation Fuxing train run？﹣﹣﹣It can run up to more than 400km an hour．（）A．How long B．How fast C．How far D．How soon30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Please give my best wishes to your parents．﹣﹣﹣___________．（）A．Thank you，I will． B．Not at all．C．Don't say so．D．Yes，I do．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____．﹣﹣﹣Well done!（）A．Sorry for keeping you waiting so long．B．How are you getting on with your work？C．I passed an important test yesterday．D．Why not go to the cinema with me？三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）32．（4分）Animal bitesIf an animal bites you，you can wash the part with soap and water and（46）the wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．Bites by （47）animals like bats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．If this happens ask for advice froma doctor．Nosebleeds（流鼻血）Although they are scary，nosebleeds are not strange in children and they usually aren't （48）．Let the person sit up with his or her head forward．Do not let the person lean back as this may cause coughing．Press the soft part of the nose for at least 10minutes．If the nosebleed （49）after this，ask for advice from a doctor．33．（4分）Insect stings（虫叮）Although insect stings can be awful，they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．They still need emergency（紧急）medical （50）．If a bee stings the person，remove it（51）with a hand．Wash the part with soap and water．Use ice or a cool wet cloth to make it less painful．If there are any signs of getting worse，call a（n）（52）．Knocked﹣out tooth（碰落的牙）Find the knocked﹣out tooth．Wash the tooth in milk or salt water．Store it in milk until you get to the dentist．Ask for help from a dentist or go to an emergency room （53）．It may help you save the tooth．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）34．（1分）A survey shows work six hours on average on weekdays．（German）35．（1分）He is excited that amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention．（he）36．（1分）We still need more assistants for the teen center library．（second）37．（1分）My father told me that he was tired because of the of the lecture．（long）38．（1分）In years，Alipay is more and more popular all over the world．（recently）39．（1分）Hardworking children are more likely to in the future．（success）40．（1分）It is true that computers calculate very fast and give wrong answers．（rare）41．（1分）To live happily，please close the door on experiences in your memory．（happy）五、Rewrite the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成句子．第62-67小题每空限填一词）（共14分）42．（1分）The confident woman enjoys singing in front of large crowds．（改为一般疑问句）the confident woman singing in front of large crowds？43．（1分）3﹣D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s．（改为反意疑问句）3﹣D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s，？44．（1分）The young designer created some beautiful clothing designs for spring．（就划线部分提问）did the young designer for spring？45．（1分）At the Spring Festival，we hang many coloured lights from the building．（改为被动语态）At the Spring Festival，many coloured lights from the building．46．（1分）Unless you clean your teeth regularly，you may get toothache．（保持句意基本不变）you clean your teeth regularly，you may get toothache．47．（1分）"Have you ever ridden a shared﹣bike？"Linda asked her mom．（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）Linda asked her mom she ever ridden a shared﹣bike．48．（2分）they，to deal with，the way，the problem，have not found（连词成句）六、Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（共50分）A. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12分）49．（12分）Your sister often volunteers for the People's Food Bank．She shows you a poster about this charity．69．According to the poster，you should not donate to the People's Food Bank．A．cerealB．riceC．tinned foodD．milk70．According to the poster，food that is accepted．A．can't be used after 25DecemberB．won't go bad until AprilC．will go bad in one monthD．helps to feed the Christmas tree71．According to the poster，people who are not helped by the donations．A．are too busy to cookB．have no place to live inC．are blind and poorD．have money problems72．What cannot we do for People's Food Bank？A．Do volunteer work．B．Save money online．C．Learn about fund﹣raising activities．D．Bring food to the collection points．73．People's Food Bank．A．stores food for Christmas treeB．sells food to the people in needC．reminds people not to waste foodD．purchases food for the community74．The main purpose of the poster is to．A．look for volunteersB．set up a food bankC．celebrate ChristmasD．introduce a kind of charity workB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）50．（6分）Do you feel cool and calm？If your answer is no，you're not alone．In today's society，many people find it difficult to slow down．Fast﹣paced lifestyles make it hard for many to really relax．The good news is you needn't （75）to a nice place for relaxation．You can experience these in the middle of a stress﹣filled life．Better thinkingThe ability of relaxation depends more on your thinking than your situation．The next time when you suffer from worry，think about the situation．What is the problem？What is the cause？Most importantly，what can you do about it？Then，make an"action plan"or a"to﹣do list"to help you feel less worried．（76），if the situation is not in your hands，you should let it go．Take a walk，exercise and talk to a friend to get your mind off the problem．A habit of relaxingEven the busiest people arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable．They do so because they know it's（77）．The time you spend relaxing is an important period．A 10﹣minute break in the middle of a long workday can increase your productivity（生产力）．You can find a（n）（78），such as exercise，a hot bath or favourite TV show，to make you come to life．A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week．Restful sleepUnfortunately，not being able to relax causes some people to lose their most important rest：sleep．If that's you，write everything on your mind in your diary before going to bed．Write down both problems and possible （79）．This can help you release thoughts that might prevent you from getting needed sleep．Finally，（80）your disadvantages．You can't do everything perfectly，but you can get the rest and relaxation you need to do many things better．75．A．capture B．escape C．discover D．manage76．A．So B．However C．Above all D．As a result 77．A．necessary B．dramatic C．common D．traditional 78．A．place B．location C．activity D．event 79．A．ideas B．exercises C．suggestions D．solutions 80．A．deny B．explain C．recognize D．catchC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）51．（7分）Every morning Sarah turns on her computer．First，she checks her email．Then，she v（81） a social networking website to find out what her friends are doing．On this website，she reads news from her friends．For example，she may look at comments her friends made about movies，music，books and other friends．On her page，Sarah writes a short a（82）about what she is doing．Like many young people，Sarah enjoys meeting and communicating with others on social networks．These websites let people see what their friends are doing and thinking．Social networking sites become more and more popular every day，and they are popular all around the world．Why has the social networking s（83）to different users so quickly？One reason is because people are social．We like to communicate with other people．We use cell phones，email，QQ and websites to learn what our friends are doing．Social networking sites are interactive（互动）and personal．People can share photographs with each other．They can tell people what they are doing at any moment and keep in touch．They can post a link to site with their favourite song or band．Many people post their videos on sites like YouTube．Other users can give their o（84）on these photos and videos．This makes these websites become more popular．Being able to write on the site is a（85）reason．In the past，websites onlyhad information for users to read．Today，the Internet is more interactive than it was in the past．Now anyone can have their own website，blog，or page on sites like Facebook．Readers are now also writers and can add materials to the Web e （86）．People can express their own ideas，and they can put their own experience online．Social networking sites have become widely used among all ages．D（87）college，students spend almost two hours every day on Facebook．Teenagers and older people often use their sites as well．The Internet keeps changing，but one thing is clear：People enjoy using websites to share and communicate online．D. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）（12分）52．（6分）Tim was running for（竞选）grade president．He and his friend Zack were putting up coloured posters in the school garden．They wrote，"TIM SHOULD WIN!"A fifth grader walked by them and saw the poster in the library．He read the poster and asked，"Why？Why should you win？"and then walked away．Tim had never thought about why before．He knew that he was popular in his grade and a lot of students would vote for him．"I suppose you should have some changes in the poster"，Zack suggested，"More break time？Hey，how about that new coffee machine in the boys' changing room you're always talking about？"At home，Tim and Zack made up new posters that said，"VOTE TIM：New coffee machine in the boys' changing room．Everyone will play soccer at lunch．"The next day at school，some of Tim's regular friends avoided him，especially the girls，"What's the matter with everyone？"Tim puzzled while standing in the lunch line．"I'll tell you what's wrong，"said a small girl in line behind him．"Almost no one likes your campaign promises（竞选承诺）．The girls couldn't care less if you're going to get a coffee machine in the boys' changing room．And，nobody wants to be told they have to play soccer at break，Some people like to play other games．"Tim thought about what he could do．Tim and Zack decided to conduct a survey among the fourth graders and make a bar graph according to the result．Then they made up new campaign posters．The students were pleased with Tim's promises on the posters．They started talking to him again，and the next week he won the election．Tim realized…88．Was Zack running for grade president？89．Where did the fifth grader see their poster？90．In which grade would Tim like to be grade president？91．How many times did they make up the posters？92．What did Tim and Zack do before making the last posters？93．After Tim won the election，what did Tim realize？十、Writing（作文）（共20分）53．（20分）Write at least 60words on the topic"The beauty in my life"（以"我生活中的美"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）生活中的美无处不在，如在学校活动中、与家人共处时、与朋友欢聚时、与动物相处时……，请选择一个方面，结合发生在你自己身上的一次经历，来写一写你发现的家人或师生间的亲情之美，朋友或同学间的友谊之美，人与动物间的和谐之美……，并说说理由．（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、学校及其它相关信息，否则不予评分．）2018年上海市浦东新区中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、Listening comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1．（6分）【解答】略B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你所听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）2．（1分）A．In June．B．In May．C．In July．D．In March．【解答】略3．（1分）A．A teacher．B．A shop assistant．C．A shop manager．D．A bank clerk．【解答】略4．（1分）A．Clean the kitchen．B．Lay the table．C．Cook with Jenny．D．Enjoy the dinner．【解答】略5．（1分）A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Cloudy．D．Snowy．【解答】略6．（1分）A．At 1：00p．m．B．At 2：00p．m．C．At 3：00p．m．D．At 5：00p．m．【解答】略7．（1分）A．In the library．B．In the cinema．C．In the restaurant．D．In the book store．【解答】略8．（1分）A．Because they get lost again．B．Because he doesn't feel very well．C．Because the car needs repairing．D．Because he's not sure how far they can go．【解答】略9．（1分）A．The woman lives in a house on Lake Street．B．The woman doesn't want to live with her roommate．C．The woman wants to share a house with Rob．D．The woman and her roommate want to move into Rob's house．【解答】略C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）10．（6分）15．When Jason opened the hotel room door in Hawaii，it was 10：30 p．m．16．Jason walked out onto the balcony to breathe the warm and fresh night air．17．Jason was a guest of Room 645 and was locked in his bathroom that night．18．Jason climbed over to the balcony of the neighbour and asked for help．19．The clerk of the front desk heard Jason's shouts and came to help him．20．From then on，Jason would possibly be more careful than before．【解答】略D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）（10分）11．（5分）21．You should know the lines so well that you needn't略forgetting them．22．You can practice in an略and make sure everyone can hear the word．23．Most people agree that nerves（紧张）are a good thing and actually略．24．Besides walking，jogging，talking and staying alone，find out what略torelax．25．Do not forget to略when you have done everything you can to prepare properly．【解答】略二、Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）12．（1分）Which of the following word matches the sound /fɪə/？（）A．fill B．fear C．fair D．feel【解答】答案：B．fill的音标是[fɪl]；fear的音标是[fɪə]；fair的音标是[feə]；feel的音标是[fiːl]．因此可知fear的音标与所给音标一致，故选B．13．（1分）The students are planning to have ______ outdoor barbecue party next week．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/【解答】答案：B．a ，an，the．三者都是冠词．a，an 是不定冠词，表泛指，译为"一个"，a用在辅音音素开头的单词前面；an用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，表特指．译为"这个，那个，这些，那些"．．有一个户外烧烤聚会．表泛指，"一个"用不定冠词，因outdoor是以元音音素开头的单词．故答案应选择B．14．（1分）This shopping mall is quite empty．There are _____ people here．（）A．few B．little C．many D．much【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是这家购物商场非常空，没几个人在这里．这里表示否定的含义，且后面是可数名词people，故选A没几个，修饰可数名词，表示否定的含义．B修饰不可数名词，很少，C很多，修饰可数名词复数，D很多，修饰不可数名词．15．（1分）Please connect the speakers _____ the CD player so that we can hear thesongs clearly．（）A．by B．of C．at D．to【解答】答案：D 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是请把扬声器连接到CD机上，以便我们能清楚地听到歌曲．考查短语connect sth．to sth．故选D．16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Does this story book belong to ______？﹣﹣﹣No．I left mine at home．（）A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself【解答】答案：A．you"你，你们"是人称代词主各或宾格，your"你的，你们的"是人称代词形容词性的所有格，yours"你的，你们的"是名词性的所有格，yourself "你自己的"是反身代词．因belong to sb 属于某人，其中to是介词，所以sb 是宾格，属于你，用"belong to you "，因此空格用you．由提干"﹣﹣这本故事书属于你妈？﹣﹣不，我把我的忘在家里了．"，故答案选择A．17．（1分）Amy _____ shares her happy moments with Cathy．They are best friends．（）A．always B．hardly C．never D．seldom【解答】答案：A．always"总是，一直，永远"，hardly"几乎不，几乎没有"，never"从不，决不"，seldom "很少，不常"．四者都是频度副词，根据下句They are best friends．"他们是最好的朋友"可知，空格应填always，由题干"艾米总是和凯西分享她的快乐时光．他们是最好的朋友．"可知，故答案选择A．18．（1分）All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take the underground．（）A．can B．may C．must D．shall【解答】答案：C．can"能，会"，may"可以" must"必须，一定"，shall"将要，将"．由题干"所有的乘客在乘地铁之前必须经过安全检查．"可知，故答案选择C．19．（1分）The comic strips should be full of action to keep the readers______．（）A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．interest【解答】答案：C．考查形容词．A兴趣，名词复数．B有趣的，通常修饰事物．C 感兴趣的，通常修饰人．D兴趣，名词．keep+形容词，保持某种状态，固定搭配．A，D不正确．由"读者"可知，形容人感兴趣，用形容词interested．选C．20．（1分）Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily，_____ of them reached her．（）A．both B．neither C．all D．none【解答】答案：D．both"双方都，两者都"，neither"两者都不"，all "全部"，none"没有人，没有东西，一个也没有"，四者都可作代词．none 指人，物都可以，常接表范围的of﹣短语．做主语时，谓语一般为单数，也可用复数．none of them 可译为"它们当中没有一个"．根据上句Jennifer sent several emails to Mary．Unluckily"珍妮佛给玛丽发了几封电子邮件．不幸的是"，此空格用none ，由题干"珍妮佛给玛丽发了几封电子邮件．不幸的是，没有一封到达她那里．"可知，故答案选择D．21．（1分）"Don't take your _____ dictionary without asking．You should ask him first．"The teacher said．（）A．classmate B．classmate's C．classmates D．classmates'【解答】答案：B．classmate"同班同学"是名词，classmate′s"同班同学的"是名词的所有格，classmates"同班同学们"，classmates′"同班同学们的"，是名词的所有格，由下句You should ask him first．"你应该先问问他．"可知，是指一个同学，你的同学的字典，的翻译为"your classmate′s dictinoary"，故空格用classmate′s．由题干""不要随便拿你同学的字典．你应该先问他．"老师说．"可知，故答案选择B．22．（1分）The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the ______ we will remember the word．（）A．good B．well C．better D．best【解答】答案：C．根据"The more colourful the picture in our mind is，the "结合给出的四个选项，因此可知这句话考查的是结构"the+比较级，the+比较级"意思是"越…，就越…"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们头脑中图片的颜色越丰富，我们就更好的记住这个词．"故选C．23．（1分）Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．（）A．go B．going C．goes D．to go【解答】答案：D．根据Our government enables us ______ home safely when we're in trouble，wherever we are．可知这里考查enable sb to do sth表示使某人能够做某事，故选D．24．（1分）Nancy _______ lots of work for the school union since she went to university．（）A．did B．will do C．has done D．had done【解答】答案：C，考查现在完成时态，由句意南希自从上了大学已经为学生会做了许多事情了．可知该句强调结果，因此使用现在完成时态，现在完成时态的构成为have/has+动词过去分词，主语Nancy为三单，因此用has，do过去分词为done，故选C．25．（1分）Many journalists _______ the police about the international case a while ago．（）A．interviewed B．interviewC．are interviewing D．had interviewed【解答】答案：A，考查时态辨析，根据a while ago不久之前，可以判断出该句应该使用一般过去时态，一般过去时态构成为主语+did+其他，interview的过去式是规则变化，为interviewed，故选A26．（1分）______ important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!（）A．What B．What a C．What an D．How【解答】答案：D．根据important it is for teenagers to imagine freely in their life!可知这里考查了感叹句，本句的中心词是important，它是一个形容词，根据How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!故选D．27．（1分）Online games are very interesting，______ children can't spend too much time on it．（）A．and B．but C．so D．or【解答】答案：B．or"或者，否则，要不然"，表示选择关系．and"和，又"，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，but"但是"，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对．so"因此、所以"，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系．由上句Online games are very interesting．"网络游戏很有趣"可知下句children can't spend too much time on it．孩子们不能花太多时间在游戏上．表转折，故空格用but．由题干"网络游戏很有趣，但是孩子们不能在游戏上花太多间．"可知，故答案选择B．28．（1分）My father asked，"______ wallet is this？I found it on the table．"（）A．What B．Which C．Who D．Whose【解答】答案：D．分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我爸爸问"这是谁的钱包？我在桌子上发现的"．故选D谁的．A什么，B哪一个，C谁．29．（1分）﹣﹣﹣______ can the next﹣generation Fuxing train run？﹣﹣﹣It can run up to more than 400km an hour．（）A．How long B．How fast C．How far D．How soon【解答】答案：B 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是下一代复兴列车运行得有多快？它可以运行高达400余公里每小时．这里表示速度，故选B多快．A多长时间，C多远，问距离，D多久之后，通常用于介词in引导的将来时．30．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Please give my best wishes to your parents．﹣﹣﹣___________．（）A．Thank you，I will． B．Not at all．C．Don't say so．D．Yes，I do．【解答】答案：A 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是请代我向你父母问好．谢谢你，我会的．故选A谢谢你，我会的．B根本不，C别这么说，D是的，我做．31．（1分）﹣﹣﹣_____．﹣﹣﹣Well done!（）A．Sorry for keeping you waiting so long．B．How are you getting on with your work？C．I passed an important test yesterday．D．Why not go to the cinema with me？【解答】答案：C 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是昨天我通过了一个重要的考试．干得好！故选C昨天我通过了一个重要的考试．A对不起，让您久等了．B 你的工作进展如何？D为什么不和我一起去看电影呢？三、Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once（将下列单词填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）32．（4分）Animal bitesIf an animal bites you，you can wash the part with soap and water and（46）C the wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．Bites by （47）E animals likebats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．If this happens ask for advice from a doctor．Nosebleeds（流鼻血）Although they are scary，nosebleeds are not strange in children and they usually aren't （48）B．Let the person sit up with his or her head forward．Do not let the person lean back as this may cause coughing．Press the soft part of the nose for at least 10minutes．If the nosebleed （49）A after this，ask for advice from a doctor．【解答】46．C．考查动词．根据题干设空后面的句子：the wound with a clean cloth if it is a bleeding．可知如果伤口处正在流血，可以用一个干净的布"敷"在伤口处．又因情态动词"can"后面跟的动词原形，and 前后时态保持一致，所以设空处填动词原形．选项C．apply 申请；涂，敷，是动词形式．符合题意．故选C．47．E．考查形容词．根据设空后面的句子：animals like bats，rats and foxes may cause terrible diseases．可知像蝙蝠，鼠和狐狸等是"野生"动物．又因题干关键词"animals "动物，是名词形式，可用形容词来修饰．选项E．wild野生的，是形容词，符合题意，故选E．48．B．考查形容词．根据题干关键句：nosebleeds are not strange in children．可知孩子流鼻血不奇怪，并且经常不太"严重"．又因该题干是主系表结构，所以设空处需要填一个形容词做表语．选项B．serious 严重的，是形容词形式，符合题意，故选B．49．A．考查动词．根据题干主句：ask for advice from a doctor．可知如果鼻血"继续"流，向医生寻求建议．又因该题干是主谓宾结构，缺少谓语，设空处需要填动词做谓语．以if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来．主语中心词：nosebleed 鼻血，是不可数名词，所以填动词的单三形式．选项A．continues 继续，是三单动词，符合题意，故选A．33．（4分）Insect stings（虫叮）Although insect stings can be awful，they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．They still need emergency（紧急）medical （50）E．If a bee stings the person，remove it（51）A with a hand．Wash the part with soap and water．Use ice or a cool wet cloth to make it less painful．If there are any signs of getting worse，call a（n）（52）B．Knocked﹣out tooth（碰落的牙）Find the knocked﹣out tooth．Wash the tooth in milk or salt water．Store it in milk until you get to the dentist．Ask for help from a dentist or go to an emergency room （53）C．It may help you save the tooth．【解答】50．E．考查名词．根据前一句：they usually don't require treatment by a doctor．句意：他们不需要医生治疗．结合题干可知：他们仍然需紧急医学的"药剂"．又因题干关键词"medical " 医学的，是形容词，可修饰名词，所以该空填名词．选项E．agent 代理人；药剂，是名词形式．符合题意．故选E．51．A．考查副词．根据题干从句：If a bee stings the person，可知如果一只蜜蜂叮一人，用手"轻轻地"把它移走．又因题干关键词"remove" 移动，移动，是动词，可用副词来修饰．选项A．gently 轻轻地，是副词，符合题意，故选A．52．B．考查名词．根据题干从句：If there are any signs of getting worse，可知如果有恶化的迹象，叫一个"救护车'．又因填干关键词"a（n）" 一，一个，是不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数形式．选项B．ambulance 救护车，是可数名词，符合题意，故选B．53．C．考查副词．根据后一句：It may help you save the tooth．可知'立即"向牙科医生寻求帮助或者去急救中心，可能会保存你的牙齿．又因题干关键词" go"去是动词，可用副词来修饰．选项C．immediately 立刻，马上，是副词，符合题意．故选C．四、Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）（共8分）34．（1分）A survey shows Germans work six hours on average on weekdays．（German）【解答】答案：Germans．根据A survey shows﹣﹣work six hours on average on weekdays，可知一项调查显示德国人平日工作时间为六小时．这里放在主语的位置用名词形式，表示的人不止一个，用复数形式．故填Germans．35．（1分）He is excited that his amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention．（he）【解答】答案：his．根据He is excited that﹣﹣amazing performance in the game attracted people's attention，可知他在比赛中的精彩表演引起了人们的注意，这使他很兴奋．这里修饰名词用形容词性物主代词．故填his．36．（1分）We still need two more assistants for the teen center library．（second）【解答】答案：two 根据提示，推测意思是我们还需要两个助理去青少年中心图书馆．这里表示数量，用基数词，故答案是two．37．（1分）My father told me that he was tired because of the length of the lecture．（long）【解答】答案．length 根据提示，推测意思是我父亲告诉我说他累了，因为讲座时间长．前面是定冠词the，故这里需要一个名词，故答案是length．38．（1分）In recent years，Alipay is more and more popular all over the world．（recently）【解答】答案：recent 根据提示，推测意思是近年来，Alipay在全世界越来越受欢迎．这里需要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词year，故答案是recent．39．（1分）Hardworking children are more likely to succeed in the future．（success）【解答】答案：succeed 根据提示，推测意思是勤奋的孩子将来更有可能成功．前面是不定式，后接动词原形，故答案是succeed．40．（1分）It is true that computers calculate very fast and rarely give wrong answers．（rare）【解答】答案：rarely 根据提示，推测意思是计算机运算速度很快，很少给出错误答案，这是真的．需要用副词修饰动词give，故答案是rarely．41．（1分）To live happily，please close the door on unhappy experiences in your memory．（happy）【解答】答案：unhappy 根据提示，推测意思是为了快乐地生活，请关上你记忆中不愉快经历的门．这里需要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，故答案是unhappy．五、Rewrite the following sentences as required.（根据所给要求完成句子．第62-67小题每空限填一词）（共14分）42．（1分）The confident woman enjoys singing in front of large crowds．（改为一般疑问句）Does the confident woman enjoy singing in front of large crowds？【解答】答案：Does，enjoy 分析原句，意思是那个自信的女人喜欢在大群人面前唱歌．要求改为一般疑问句，即那个自信的女人喜欢在大群人面前唱歌吗？时态是一般现在时，含有实意动词，主语是三单，故一般疑问句借助助动词does，后接动词原形，故答案是Does，enjoy．43．（1分）3﹣D printing technology first appeared in the 1980s．（改为反意疑问。
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2018届上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试卷第Ⅰ卷Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension（25分）Section A–Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gym. B.In a shoe-repair shop.C.In a department store.D.At a track.2.A.$200. B.$400. C.$250. D.$500.3.A.Take classes. B.Find a job.C.Learn more.D.Get ready for the next term.4. A.To leave her a message with her roommate.B.To solve a problem in his homework.C.To talk with her roommate.D.To ask about his homework.5.A.He likes physics. B.His physics is the best in the class.C.He is working hard at physics.D.His physics is very poor in the class.6.A.A sportsman. B.A doctor.C.A news reporter.D.A game designer.7.A.Unforgettable. B.Impressive.C.Pleasant.D.Disappointing.8.A.Coins and banknotes. B.Weights and measures.C.Shapes and areas.D.Volumes and sizes.9.A.It’s too crowded and he can’t breathe very well. B.The next stop is the terminal station.C.The next stop is their stop.D.A lot of people get off at the next stop.10.A.The Parking places are very far away. B.He had no problem finding the park.C.There is enough parking space.D.He isn’t very good at parking the car. Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Question11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.The driver took the wrong route. B.He missed his flight.C.He failed to get to the airport.D.His taxi got stuck in a traffic jam.12.A.One of the wings caught fire. B.The plane encountered a strong storm.C.There was something wrong with the engine.D.The hijacker forced the captain to do so.13.A.He had forgotten to lock his front door. B.He had lost his keys to the front door.C.He had left his luggage in the taxi.D.He had picked up the wrong suitcase. Question14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Women now want to be car repairwomen instead of teachers.B.Women tend to do jobs that are traditionally intended for men.C.More girls are choosing fixed jobs in Scotland.D.British women choose non-traditional jobs more than women in other countries.15.A.Because women see many job opportunities on TV.B.Because women feel car repairing is cool on TV.C.Because women are influenced by their stars on TV.D.Because women are told about job choices by career officers on TV.16.A.Britain needs more women to do non-traditional jobs.B.The media should call for women to do non-traditional jobs.C.British women have taken up too many traditional jobs for men.D.The change in men’s attitudes is not important for women job choices.Question17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.For ten years. B.For nine years. C.For eight years. D.For one year.18.A.She is more concentrated on her career. B.She is not sure about the marriage.C.She’s holding hatred against Frank.D.She’s not comfortable with children around.19.A.Keeping persuading Claire. B.Give up and compromise.C.Fight harder with Claire.D.Give Claire some time.20.A.They have just been to Hawaii for a holiday.B.They cannot reach an agreement on having a baby.C.They are planning to get a divorce.D.They are trying to overcome career crisis.Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary（20分）Section ADirections:Read the following passage.Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word.For the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child,Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student,Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneu（创业者）. She won the2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence,21recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems—the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014.Her own inventions,the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink,have been causing excitement internationally22their creation.At the age of15,Makosinski created a prototype（原型）for a flashlight23（power）bythe heat of one’s hand.This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project,but Makosinski’s goal was24（offer）a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.“I’m half-Filipino and half-Polish,and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school25she couldn’t afford electricity.She had no light to study with at night,so that was kind of the inspiration,”Makosinski explained.“I’ve always been interested in doing science projects,so I thought,why don’t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?”The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side26（heat）and the other side remains cool.The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for20minutes,27（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators?“Start now.There28be nothing holding you back.Some students at colleges or even in high school think‘Oh,I’m a student.I just need to study.’29may think it important to make friends and be social.The truth is,you can do a lot of other things.You can do30you want.Just go ahead.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.potentiallyB.filmedC.droppedmonlyE.treatsF.sympathyG.sensitive H.eyebrow I.domesticated J.selection K.confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own,a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present,as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes,in which the31is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder,was found to be the most32used expression in the study.Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder,or have just learned that widening their eyes invites33and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski:“We can now be34that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching,but seeing food35did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are36to humans’attention and that expressions are37active attempts to communicate,not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied24dogs of various breeds,aged one to12.All were family pets.Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person,and the dogs’faces were38throughout a range of exchanges,from the person being oriented towards the dog,to being distracted and withher body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal,they39facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’expressions have evolved as they were40.“Domestic dogs have a unique history–they have lived alongside humans for30,000years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ability to communicate with us,”she said.Ⅲ.Reading comprehension（45分）Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C,and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When I was a child of seven years old,my friends,on a holiday,filled my pocket with coppers.I went at once to a shop where they sold toys for children.Being41with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way,in the hands of another boy,I handed over all my money for one.I then came home,and went whistling all over the house,much pleased with my whistle, but42all the family.My brothers and sisters and cousins,when I told of the43I had made,said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth.They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money,and laughed at me so much for my folly that I cried with vexation(烦恼).Thinking about the matter gave me more44than the whistle gave me pleasure.45,this was afterwards of use to me,for the impression continued on my mind,so that often,when I was46to buy something I did not need,I said to myself,“Don’t give too much for the whistle,”and I saved my money.As I grew up,came into the world,and47the actions of men,I thought I met with many,very many,who“gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser（守财奴）who48every kind of comfortable living,all the pleasure of doing good to others,all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship, ___49__gathering and keeping wealth---“Poor man,”said I,“you pay too dear for your whistle.”When I met a man of pleasure,who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but__50___devoted himself to having a good time,perhaps neglecting his health,“Mistaken man, you are providing51for yourself,instead of pleasure;you are paying too dear for your whistle.”If I saw someone fond of52who has fine clothes,fine houses,fine furniture, fine earrings,all above his53,and for which he had run into debt,and ends his career in a prison.“Alas,”said I,“he has paid dear,very dear,for his whistle.”54,the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n)55value on things---to giving“too much for their whistle.”41.A.faced B.charmed C.sympathized D.provided42.A.disturbing B.attracting C.entertaining D.confusing43.A.trouble B.attempt C.choice D.bargain44.A.satisfaction B.relief C.annoyance D.stress45.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.However D.Indeed46.A.tempted B.determined C.forced D.persuaded47.A.took B.observed C.admired D.followed48.A.turned against B.gave up C.cared about D.relied on49.A.in case of B.instead of C.for the sake of D.in terms of50.A.merely B.similarly C.strangely D.positively51.A.inconvenience B.burden C.frustration D.pain52.A.appearance B.wealth forts D.necessities53.A.demand B.fortune C.standard D.value54.A.As a result B.By contrast C.On average D.In short55.A.unexpected B.great C.false D.extraSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When you think about coffee alternatives,garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind,but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai,a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture,Japan,claims that his unique“garlic coffee”is the result of a cooking blunder he made over30years ago,when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time.Intrigued by the scorched garlic’s aroma,he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water.The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee.Making a mental note of his discovery,Yokimoto carried on with his job, and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product,Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula,and about five years ago,he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with.To make his dissolvable garlic grounds,he roasts the cloves in an electric oven,and, after they’ve cooled off,smashes them into fine particles and packs them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,”the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garlic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,”Shimotai adds. He claims that,although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic,it doesn’t cause bad breath,because the garlic is thoroughly cooked.And if you can get past the smell,the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee.If decaf isn’t good enough for you,and you’re in the mood for something new,you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop,in the city of Ninohc,Iwate Prefecture,or buy your own dripbags for just324yen（$2.8）.56.Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word“blunder”in the second paragraph?A.mistakeB.showC.mixtureD.brand57.Who is not suitable to drink garlic coffee?A.A woman bearing a baby.B.A student having trouble with sleep.C.A cleaner working on a day shift.D.A young lady sick of garlic.58.Which of the following is not characteristic of garlic coffee?A.It is caffeine-free.B.Garlic powder dissolves in water.C.The burnt garlic creates bitterness.D.It is an improvement on a garlic dish.59.Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A.venturous and greedyB.innovative and perseverantC.hardworking and cautiousD.observant and helpful（B）How an advertisement is put togetherWhen you read an advertisement there are many factors you should consider,including:●target audience●brand names●slogans●pictures and colour●special offers/coupons●emotive/persuasive vocabularyTarget audienceAdvertisers aim particular products at different groups of people according to age,sex,social class and interests.They will often make assumptions about people and label or stereotype them.Who do you think these products would be aimed at:nappies,diamonds,mint chocolates,sports cars?What kind of products would be aimed at these people:teenagers,25-year-old single men,40-year-old working mums?Brand namesBrand names are chosen carefully.They can suggest particular lifestyles,values or interests and are intended to appeal to the target audience.Nissan Primera:this suggests quality.Primera is similar to premium and premier.Ford Ka:the spelling of Ka suggests novelty and simplicity.It is modern and futuristic.It is also bound to stick in your mind when you are looking for a new car!SlogansA slogan has to be catchy and memorable.Slogans use a range of devices:alliteration,repetition, puns,questions,personal pronouns and humour.Have a break.Have a Kit Kat.RepetitionThe totally tropical taste.AlliterationPicture and colourAll pictures try to make you feel something and most are biased,even photographs.They create a view of what the world is like using different tricks such as lighting and colour.Different colours have different associations that can be linked to particular products.Yellow:freshness,sunlight,lemons.This colour would be good for advertising washing up liquid. Green:countryside,natural,healthy.What would you use this colour for?What do you associate these colours with:red,black,orange,gold,blue?Special offers/couponsAdvertisers often appear to offer something for nothing’:if you buy one product you will receiveanother one free or half price.These offers are incentive to try a new product or to encourage loyalty to an existing one.Emotive/persuasive vocabularyIn advertising you will find lots of words and phrases that are intended to persuade you or appeal to your emotions.mouthwatering silky free chocolateromantic creamy luxurious like mum used to make60.What color is suitable for dishwashing liquid?A.Green.B.Red.C.Orange.D.Yellow.61.Which of the following slogans applies the device alliteration?A.Mosquito Bye Bye Bye.（RADAR）B.We do,we said.（HENNESSY）C.M&Ms melt in your mouth（M&Ms）D.Start ahead.（RLJOICE）62.According to the passage,to reta.n the regular customers,advertising companies tend to.A.impress them with colorful picturese promotional strategiesC.change slogans frequentlyD.create eye-catching brand names（C）Dental health:Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly.But the suspicion remains among some people,dentists included,that even so,certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities.The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities.If true,that would be sad for the youngsters concerned.But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe,by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J.Craig Venter Institute,in San Diego,suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes.Most are good.Some,though,are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar.This acidity weakens teeth,causing them to decay.To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs,Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were280pairs of fraternal twins and205pairs of identical twins,all aged between five and11,who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months.The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection.This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums,in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there.The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories:having no signs of current or previous dental cavities:having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard,outer layer）;or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that,though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins,none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover,similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds,weaker among seven-to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to11-year-olds.This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth,these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents.Brushing,however, may not be the only approach.Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur.It seems likely, though,that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem,too.This is an area of ongoing research.But,as in the intestines（肠道）,so in the mouth,scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation,to the benefit of the host.63.What does“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph1?A.Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B.Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C.Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D.Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavites.64.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out.A.whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB.which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC.what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD.why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65.Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A.Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B.The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C.The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D.Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B.What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C.Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D.Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Section CDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank.There are two extra statements,which you do not need.A.Reality has begun to catch up with the imagination of the film’s writer.B.Nanotechnology is one of the most exciting fields of research in the world today.C.When this becomes possible,great changes will take place in numerous fields.D.Small as they are,large quantities of them can make a difference and work wonders.E.Nanotechnology is also responsible for tremendous advances in many other fields.F.They carry medicine with them as they travel though the body,seeking our cancer cells.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology,the science fiction of the past has become the“science fact”of today,like the1966sci-fi Fantastic Voyag（e《神奇旅程》）.In the film,a man with very important knowledge was dying.The only way to save him was by using experimental miniaturization technology.A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into theman’s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past several decades,the science of nanotechnology has bee n developing rapidly,and,just as in the film,it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already being used to help save lives today.Tiny crystals known as“quanturn dots（量子点）”，whose diameters are one thousandth of a human hair,are injected into the body of a cancer patient.68Upon finding a tumor,these quantum dots release their medicine,and then light themselves up tso that doctors can see exactly where the cancer cells are.69We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it.Are you tired of having to charge the batteries in your mobile devices?Soon,you don’t need to.Scientists are working on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and provide power for your devices.Eric Drexler,an author and scientist,believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind of manufacturing,one in which products are assembled atom by atom.By rearranging atoms,you can turn one kind of molecule into another.For example,a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule.If this is done many times according to a design,a large object such as an ax might eventually be created,just by rearranging atoms.70.Although we have already seen its first practical applications,even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Ⅳ.Surmmary Writing（10分）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea of the passage and how it is e your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case,why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult.For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each ughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs,students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution:stay calm. Once the student feels calmer.Once the student feels calmer.He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that,they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side:and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterwards,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position.Then the two people should change roles.Finally,students need to consider what they are hearing.An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is.As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280words）Ⅴ.Translation（15分）第Ⅱ卷Directions：Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.1.为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。