What和that在名词性从句中的用法区别(可编辑修改word版)
pep初中语法 名词性从句中that和what的用法区别
第3题补充3. 名词性从句中that和what的用法区别(转载)(2007-12-13 18:20:19)名词性从句中that和what的用法区别一．that 引导的名词性从句首先，连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。
例如：①It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of youre-mail account.②---- Don’t you think it necessary that he go home at once?---- but the problem is that there is no car.③There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.④Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us gotfull mark.以上四个句子中，that 分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个例句中第一个that 可以省略外，其他的that 均不可省略。
其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。
例如：①Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at theairport.该句中，that引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分。
②It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.该句中，it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语，that在句中不作任何成分。
what与that的区别
what与that的区别
that引导名词性从句中，在从句中不做任何成分，that本身无意义，只起链接作用。
what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
“what”表示“.....的东西或事情”
名词性从句中：区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少成分，缺用what，不缺用that。
Who whoever no matter who 的区别
引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who,意思是“谁”含有疑问意味。
whoever意为“无论谁”不含疑问意味，whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who ,其中who引导一个定语从句紧跟其后。
另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who ,但是no matter who 只能引导让步状语从句。
1、who has taken away my bag is unknown .
谁拿走了我的包还不知道，若用whoever显然句意不通。
2、I don’t want to see them ,whoever they are .
无论他们是谁，我都不想见[whoever表达的语气强烈]
3、I'm not going to let you in , no matter who you are.====I’m going to let you in ,whoever you are .
根据句意：“我不会让你进来的，不管你是谁”可知，后面是一个让步状语从句，两个都可以。
what与that用作连接词引导从句的区别
当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句（不可引导同位语从句）；它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
[解题过程]注意what 和that引导名词性从句的差别：一、当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句（不可引导同位语从句）；它本身在句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
1、 what表示“所以……的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that……”、“all that……”、“that which……”、“everything that……”等。
例如：（1） Leave it with me and I’ll see what I can do.(what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语。
)（2） What you have done might do harm to other people. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
)（3） What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
)（4） What is most important in life isn’t money.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
)（5） But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure. (what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
)（6） What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.(what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
)2、 what 表示“所……的（人）”的意思，相当于“the person that……”等。
例如：（1） He is not what he used to be. (what 引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。
连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较
连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; what很明显，这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。
名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that 和what 的用法, 不少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。
以这道题为例，第一空是what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语；第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不能省略，不作成分，也没词义。
虽然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。
下面我们结合2005年和2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用法加以比较和区别。
一．2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与what 的相关题目1. ---- What did your parents think about your decision?---- They always let me do I think I should.A. whenB. thatC. howD. what ( 全国II T16 )解析：这一题的正确答案是D。
what 在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do 的宾语。
2．Engines are to machines hearts are to animals.A. asB. thatC. whatD. which ( 山东T23 )解析：这一题的正确答案是C。
本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”。
what和that的用法区别
the＋名词＋that”或者all that, 即好像是既包括了先行词也包含了
关系代词，因此，有学者称之为关系代词型what。如：
seemed to be a long time, he came up again.
1 _T_h_a_t_ she lacks experience is obvious. 2 The police learned _t_h_a_t _ he wasn’t there at that time. 3 He realized _th_a_t__ she too was tired. 4 My idea is _t_h_a_t you shouldn’t have left the country. 5 Bob has the mistaken idea _th_a_t_tomorrow is a holiday. 6 It was quite plain _t_h_a_t_ he didn’t want to come. 7 It is natural _t_h_a_t_ they should have different views.
that—从属连词
主语从句 宾语从句
引导_名_词__性_从__句___， 表语从句
_不_充__当__句子成分， 同位语从句
_没_有____字面意义。
引导宾语从句的 that可以省略
1 _W__h_a_the had hoped at last came true. 2 China is no longer _w_h_a_t_ it used to be. 3 I’m sorry for _w_h_a_t_ I said. 4 That’s _w_h_a_t_ I want to know. 5 It was _w_h_a_t_ he meant rather than w__h_a_t he said. 6 There’s something in _w_h_a_t_ he says. 7 200 years ago, they came to _w__h_a_t we call “America” now.
what和that的区别
what和that的区别
表达的内容不同：what作代词时意为“什么；多么；多少”，作形容词时意为“什么；多么；何等”，作副词时意为“到什么程度，在哪一方面”，作感叹词时意为“什么；多么”。
that：那，那个，那人，那事，那东西。
作用不同
what可以做代词、形容词、副词、感叹词。
that在英语中使用广泛，可用作形容词、代词、连词、副词，还可用于固定搭配。
引导从句的方式不同
what引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语。
其区别是：what表示泛指的事物，常译为"什么"或"所……的事物"，whatever是它的强语势"无论什么"。
that可做连接词：
1、引导名词性从句：He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm.
翻译：他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。
2、引导状语从句，表示原因或理由：We are glad that we have accomplished another arduous task.
翻译：我们都感到高兴因为又完成了一项艰巨的任务。
3、引导状语从句，表示目的或结果)为了，以至于：He is working hard that he can catch up with the class.
翻译：他努力用功，以便赶上班上同学。
4、引导表示愿望，感叹的从句，主句常省略：That I could stay at home today!
翻译：今天要是我能呆在家里多好呀!。
that 、what 在引导从句时的用法辨析
what 、that在引导从句时的用法辨析甘肃省永登二中730302 冯海秦请看下面一组例句：①------they have in common is their way of speaking .②------they have nothing in common surprises us.第一空填what, 是what引导的主语从句。
第二空填that, 是that引导的主语从句。
我们来分析what、that 在引导各类从句时的区别。
一．名词性从句主语从句①What makes me forget my sorrow is music.主语谓语宾语②That he likes music best is what we don’t know.↗→→→→→↘宾语从句③I don’t know what he will do next.谓语④I don’t know（that ）he has already broken the record.↗→→→→→→→↘表语从句⑤what it used to be.系动词⑥The good news is that he has found his lost child.↗→→→→→→→→→↘同位语从句⑦The question what the monster will do next is beyond our imagination. 谓语⑧There is no possibility that he will attend the meeting.通过对比what、that在名词性从句中的位置及功能，我们得出如下结论：1．what、that 均可引导名词性从句。
（主、宾、表、同位语从句）2．that 在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当语法成份。
换句话说，that 引导的从句是完整的陈述事实的句子，不缺主干成份。
what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当语法成份。
that what引导名词性从句区别
引导名词性从句本身无意义只起连接作用在从句中不做成分但不能省略宾语从句除外
7 The reason is that his bike has broken down.
8 He said (that) he would come on time.
9 The fact that he had said nothing surprised everybody. 10 I didn’t know what he wanted to say.
whatever/whoever 无论什么/谁 whatever = anything that whoever= anyone who e.g. 1). Whoever comes first wins the prize. 2). People/Those who come first win the prize. 3). It is unwise to give a kid whatever he wants. 4). Who broke the glass is not important. 5). Whoever broke the glass should be punished. 6). It is unwise to give a kid whatever he wants.
what = the n/pron + that/ which ， 可转换为定 语从句 e.g. What you said is true. = The thing that you said is true .
1 What seems right to me seems wrong to him. 2 The girl isn’t what she was 10 years ago.
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What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法区别What 和that 都可以引导名词性从句。
一．在引导名词性从句时，从属连词that 一般要注意三个不（three nos）：1.不省略（no ellipsis）当从属连词that 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that 不省略。
Eg. 1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引导主语从句不可省略)2)The truth is that I didn’t go there. (that 引导表语从句不可省略)3)The news that our team has won is true. (that 引导同位语从句不可省略)但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，除下列两种情况外：that 在宾语从句中不能省略的情况.(1). 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that，从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.Eg: 4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.（that 不可以省略）他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。
(2). 由连词and 连接的两个由that 引导的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that 不省略。
Eg: 5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.（第一个That 可以省略，但第二个that 不可以省略。
)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。
2.不作成分（no component）that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。
Eg. 6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.（that 在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分）7))That you don’t like him is none of my business. (that 在句中引导主语从句，但在句中不作任何成分，也不省略）3.没词义（no meaning）that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。
Eg. 8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that 在句中引导主语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义)她是一个很有钱的女子，这一点我们都知道。
9）The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. (that 在句中引导同位语从句，但在句中没有汉语意义）他也许会考试失败，这一想法使他很担心。
二．在引导名词性从句时，What 一般要注意一个不（one no）,一个有（meaning）,一个作（component）：1.不省略what 引导名词性从句时，what 在句中不省略。
这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。
eg. 10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.(what 在句中引导主语从句，what 不省略)11) --- I think it’s going to be a big problem.----Yes , it could be .----I wonder what we can do about. (what 在句中引导宾语从句，但在句中不省略）2.有词义what 引导名词性从句时，有词义。
一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样eg. 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what 在句中引导表语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“-- --的东西、事情）这是她想让我们看的东西。
12）What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what 在句中引导主语从句，在句中有词义，意思是“--- 的东西、事情）老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。
3.作成分what 在引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当成分。
这一用法与that 用法不一样。
Eg. 13)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主语，what 在句中引导主语从句。
What 在主语从句中作said 的宾语。
)14）It was true Alice did surprised her mother.A. that whatB. what thatC. that thatD. all what评析：这一题正确答案是A。
it 在句中是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句that Alice did surprised her mother.，在这个主语从句当中，what 又引导了主语从句what Alicedid，what 在从句中作did 的宾语。
三．要特别提醒同学们的两点：1.What 所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语，而that 从句一般不可以。
Eg：15）After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in later proved to be a new continent.A.whereB. whichC. whatD. that评析：答案是C。
因为在介词in 后面，应该用what 引导的宾语从句，what 在宾语从句中作主语。
而that 不可以这样用。
16) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with lookedlike tiny insects.A. thatB. somethingC. whatD. anything评析：答案是C。
因为在介词with 后面，应该用what 引导的宾语从句，what 在宾语从句中作主语。
而that 不可以这样用。
2.that 可以引导定语从句，而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱，它在定语从句中要充当成分，通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。
同时that 也可以引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中that 不充当成分。
但What 不可以引导定语从句。
它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于what =all that,what 在名词性从句中充当成分，常常作主语、宾语和表语。
Eg: 17).All I want to know is what he meant .A.thatB. whichC. whatD. whatever评析：答案是A.本题是that 引导的定语从句。
而what 不可以引导定语从句。
What=all that .又因为先行词是all ，故其后不可以接which 引导的定语从句。
而.Whatever=anything that /no matter what 从意义和语法都不符合。
所以只能选A,that.18)impressed me most was such a little boy could play the violin so well.A. That ; whatB. What ; thatC. That ; thatD. What ; what评析：答案是B.第一空是what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。
第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that 在表语从句中不省略，不作成分，也没词义。
要真正掌握What 和that 在名词性从句中的用法，还得多多操练,熟能生巧（Practice makes perferct）。
练习：一．改错题：1.What we all like him is certain.2.He left is certain.３．I wished that we could go to Beijing this summer and we could buy some books on our way back4.H is delay is due to the fact the car went wrong halfway.5.T he idea which the world may be destroyed by nuclear weapons came to him.6.T he news our team has won is true.7.H e said that he had made a big mistake and he felt very sorry for it.8.The reason he did not come is he was ill.9.His delay is due to the fact the car went wrong halfway.10 .When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly that he wants.Keys: 1.(what→That) 2.(he 前加that) 3.（在and 后加that）4.（在the car 前加that）5.(which →that) 6.(在news 后加that ) 7.(第一个that 可以省略，但第二个that 不可以省略。
所以要在and 后加that) 8.（在is 后加that)）9.（在fact 后加that）10. (将that 改what)二）高考题：11．[92] It worried her a bit her hair was turned grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for12．[93] he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter13．[96] we can’t get seems better than we have.A. What / whatB. What / thatC. That / thatD. That / what14．[98] caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where15．[01] A computer can only do you’ve instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. whenKeys:11-15 BAAAC三）选择题：16.Air to us is water to fish.A. whatB. thatC. /D. like17．China is not it used to be .A. thatB. whatC. whichD. /18.After seemed to be ten years later, he returned to his hometown.A.whatB. thatC. /D. which19.T here are signs restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A.thatB. whichC. in whichD. whose20.I t is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.thatB. when C . what D. how21.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the culture differences from one aspect.A.WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which22 What made her parents so angry ?---- she had failed in the exam.A. AsB. BecauseC. SinceD. Thatrmation has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as24 --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?----Oh, that’s.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited25.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditionsneed .A.that , to be improvedB. which , to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when , improving26.Word has come some foreign guests will come to our school.A.thatB. whetherC. whichD. what27.No one can be sure in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. what look will like manD. what look will man like.28.puzzled the police especially was the murderer died .A. The thing ; thatB. That ; howC. What ; howD. Which ; how29.Sometimes we are asked the likely result of an action will be .A. that we thinkB. what we thinkC. what do you thinkD. if we think30.The fire destroyed all was in the building .A. whatB. whichC. thatD. how31.It’s certain he will come to our rescue.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. if32.I’m sure things will get better and we will get out of the trouble soon.A.that ; whichB. /;/C. /; thatD. that ; /33.H e was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise usfor it . A. what ; what B. what ; that C. that ; what D. that ; that34.W as it in his office the manager made a promise he would give me promotion?A.when ; thatB. that ; thatC. when ; whichD. on which ; what35.There is no doubt China will catch up with the developed countries.A.whichB. thatC. whetherD. what36.he did well in the examination made him happy.A.WhatB. WhichC. ThatD. When37.There is a popular belief among the students one cannot hope to achieve success withouthard work. A. which B. that C. / D. what38.W ho discovered the truth the earth goes round the sun ?A.whichB. whatC. whenD. that39.By success I don’t mean usually thought of when that word is used.A.what isB. that weC. as youD. all is40.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders will happen to her private life.A.thisB. itC. whatD. thatKeys:16-20 ABAAC 21-25 BDBAA 26-30 AACBC31-35 CCDBB 36-40 CBDAC。