江苏房山高级中学鳕2020-2021学年高二下学期英语开学摸底考试(新高考)含答案

2020-2021学年高二下学期英语开学摸底考试（新高考）本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AWelcome to MACHU PICCHU!Often considered as "The Lost City of the Incas", Machu Picchu is probably the most familiar symbol of the Inca Empire (印加帝国) . It was built around the year 1450, but abandoned a hundred years later, at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Forgotten for centuries, the site was brought to worldwide attention in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction. It was announced a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. It is also one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. But it has recently come to light that the site may have been discovered and robbed secretly as early as in 1867 by a German businessman, Augusto Berns.About 7,000 feet above sea level and located on a small hilltop between the Andean mountain range, the majestic city rises above the Urabamba Valley below. Separated into three areas—farming areas, urban areas, and religious areas—the structures are arranged so that the function of the buildings matches the forms of their surroundings. The agricultural terracing and ditches (梯田和沟渠) take advantage of the natural slopes; the lower areas contain buildings occupied by farmers and teachers, and the most important religious areas are located at the crest of the hill, overlooking the fresh green Urabamba Valley thousands of feet below.Hikers, tourists, and the early explorers describe similar emotions as they climb their way through the Inca Trail. Many call the experience magical and say the area creates a wonderfulgreen paradise, making it a must for anyone who travels to Peru.1.What can we learn about Augusto Berns from the passage?A.He reported his finding to the government in time.B.He was the first one who discovered the ruins of Machu Picchu.C.He helped make Machu Picchu a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.He worked together with Bingham on the research into Machu Picchu.2.When did Machu Picchu become an important tourist attraction?A.After Hiram Bingham found the ruins.B.After Spanish conquered the Inca Empire.C.After it was named a UNESCO World Heritage site.D.After Augusto Berns' work became known to the public.3.Which word can replace the underlined word "crest" in the second paragraph?A.Bottom.B. Centre.C.Valley.D.Top.BBorn in London in 1825, Thomas Henry Huxley was one of the greatest men of the nineteenth century. In 1846, Thomas Henry Huxley was appointed an assistant doctor aboard HMS Rattlesnake. The ship had been asked to survey areas of the Great Barrier Reef and the neighboring seas. This gave Thomas Henry Huxley an opportunity to study animal life and was the start of his biological career. The voyage lasted four years, during which time he gathered much information on plankton(浮游生物).On his return from the voyage, Thomas Henry Huxley was made a member of the Royal Society in recognition of his scientific work. Although he continued to publish papers aboutplankton, his interest was turning towards vertebrate (有脊椎的) animals. For some time Thomas Henry Huxley and his workmates had been discussing the possibility that animal species had evolved (进化), one from another. No satisfactory theories had been put forward, but in 1859 Darwin's The Origin of Species appeared. Thomas Henry Huxley at once realized its importance and how the theory of natural selection provided the working hypothesis (假说)we sought.For the rest of his life Thomas Henry Huxley struggled to ensure the full recognition of Darwin's work. In 1863, Thomas Henry Huxley published Man's Place in Nature in which he compared man and great apes(猿). He clearly showed similarities.Despite his many achievements, he was given no award by the British state until late in his life. From about 1870, Thomas Henry Huxley was too involved in other things to continue actual research. He had always been interested in education. He pioneered the teaching of biology and his method of selecting "type animals" is still followed today. He spent the last ten years of his life writing essays mainly on biology.4.Why did Huxley go on the voyage?A.To explore the deep sea.B.To do research on sea animals.C.To work as a doctor on the ship.D.To gather information for his paper.5.How did Huxley react to the theory of natural selection?A.He had doubt about it.B.He thought highly of it.C.He couldn't understand it.D.He thought he developed it first.6.What do we know about Huxley's book Man's Place in Nature?A.It discusses the importance of human beings.B.It focuses on Darwin's theory of natural selection.C.It talks about the differences between man and apes.D.It provides evidence about the evolution of man from apes.7.What can we learn about Huxley from the last paragraph?A.He contributed a lot to biology teaching.B.He continued his research till his death.C.He became a good novelist late in his life.D.He never got awards for his achievements.CThe next time you make yourself a hot cup of tea or coffee, you might want to let it cool down a bit before drinking. Researchers say letting your hot drinks cool off could help you avoid some kinds of cancer.In fact, the United Nations' cancer research agency decides to list hot drinks with lead, gasoline and exhaust fumes as "possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)". In other words, each one could cause cancer.Researchers at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) found evidence that drinks at temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius, when swallowed, can cause cancer of the esophagus (食道).The researchers examined findings from other studies where tea and coffee were often served at 70 degrees Celsius or above. Those studies were completed in China and South America. In developed countries, health experts have linked esophageal cancer to smoking and alcoholic drinks.However, this form of cancer is more common in areas where people have drinks at very high temperatures.In Europe and the United States, many people drink coffee and tea at temperatures around 60 degrees Celsius. And they often add milk which lowers the temperature considerably. However, tea-drinkers in South America often enjoy their beverages at closer to 70 degrees Celsius.In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed coffee as "possibly carcinogenic". WHO officials have since changed their position on that listing. They now suggest that the temperature of your hot drink is a greater risk factor than the actual drink itself.Christopher Wild is the director of the IARC. He said that the results suggest that drinking very hot beverages is one probable cause of esophageal cancer and that it is the temperature, rather than the drinks themselves, that appears to be responsible.8.Who most probably suffers from cancer of the esophagus?A.A girl who likes cold milk.B.A man who drinks very hot tea.C.A woman who likes coffee.D.A man who works at IARC.9.Why did the WHO remove coffee from "possibly carcinogenic" list?A.People don't like coffee any longer.B.People drink coffee at 60 degrees Celsius.C.Coffee has nothing to do with cancer.D.Temperature is more dangerous than coffee itself.10.How does the author mainly support the theme of the text?A.By studying examples.B.By starting arguments.C.By providing research results.D.By explaining statistical data.11.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Hot Drinks Linked to CancerB.Reduce Having Hot DrinksC.Danger of Drinking Hot DrinksD.Healthy DrinksDA facial recognition app, recently developed by scientists, will make it easier to identify pandas.Wan Yongqing, a Beijing photographer, visits Sichuan Province to take photos of pandas every other year. He has watched them for more than a decade. "My friends say I'm a big panda fan. It is a shame that I find all pandas look the same, with black eyes and white fur. It does not matter as all the pandas are cute to me," he said.Yet, identifying one panda from another does matter to researchers, according to Zhang Zhihe, chief of the Chengdu panda research base."Identifying individual pandas is important for conservation management and research. For captive (被圈养的) pandas, it is important for their daily feeding schedules, family backgroundand data management. For wild pandas, it helps researchers study their population structure and provides scientific support for their protection and management," he said.China has carried out four scientific surveys on wild pandas, and now has a big databank about them. The number of wild pandas in China is mostly known. However, it is still difficult to determine the age, sex, health and other specific information about the population."It's difficult to track and watch the structure because wild pandas tend to live alone, deep in the mountains, and their living environment is vast," Zhang added.In 2017, the Chengdu base began researching individual panda identification technology by analyzing images. Over the past two years, they have built a databank of more than 120,000 images, over 1,000 video clips, and completed organizing nearly 10,000 images.Using the databank, researchers have started a facial recognition app that can accurately recognize captive pandas by analyzing and comparing the unique features of panda faces. Panda researchers hope the data and AI technology will help them analyze data for both captive and wild pandas.12. How does Wan Yongqing feel about the pandas?A.They are boring to him.B.They seem attractive to him.C.They are easy to recognize.D.They look different to him.13. Why is it important to identify individual captive pandas?A.It is helpful for further research and data management.B.It is useful for studying their population structure.C.It provides proof that they need protection in the wild.D.It helps researchers build up their living environment.14. What makes it difficult to track and watch wild pandas?A.They only live in a small area.B.They don't leave enough tracks.C.They are difficult to see in the forest.D.They live alone deep in the mountains.15. What is necessary for the facial recognition app to work well?A.The databank of pandas.B.The structure of pandas.C.The invention of AI technology.D.The unique features of panda faces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。