浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译

浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译
浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译

浅谈国际贸易中商标的翻译(1)

商品的商标如同人的名字,是代表商品的符号,并随着商品交流的扩大而声名远扬。许多国际著名的商标已经成为企业的无形资产和巨大财富。成功的商标离不开以下一些特征:

1;符合商品特性;

2.具有象征意义,易使人产生联想;

3.便于记忆;

4.朗朗上口,等等。

在国际商品贸易不断增长的今天,商标也日益具有国际性。从一种语言到另一种语言,商标的翻译既要保留原文的精华,又要符合消费者的商标心理。与其他翻译不同的是,上述目的要在对一个词语的翻译中实现,这就需要运用语言,营销以及美学方面的综合知识。在翻译的过程中可通过音译与意译相结合的作法,注意选择音色与意义都与原丈较为贴近的字词以达到满意的效果。下面从几则成功的译例谈起。

较为著名的范例要数美国的Cocacola,它被译成“可口可乐”,既保持了原词的音节和响亮,又使人-一听便知是饮料商标。这就把原来本无特定含义的词译得有声有色,令人间味无穷,可以说译名的效果超过了原名;而且“”可乐”已经成为现代社会中饮料的代名词,可见其译名在文化中的渗透力。

再如举世闻名的男子服饰商标Goldlion,意译本是“金狮”,但译者为使商品更添富丽堂皇的气派,并满足人们渴望吉利、追求豪华的心理,将gold一同保留意义;而lion一词来取音译手法,两者结合在一起便有了驰名全中国的“金利来”商标。不但气派恢宏,而且含义大吉大利。尽管和原意不尽相同,但其宗旨、作用、效果是一致的。

大家所熟悉的美国运动系列商品Nike。音标为[’ naiki:],本意是希腊神话中胜利女神的芳名,但若按音译为“奈姬”或是“娜基’’之类,很多中国的消费者便会十分费解,不知其意。译老在翻译时模仿其音节,并考虑到运动服装应该具有经久耐磨损的特点,将它译成了“耐克”,既有坚固耐穿的含义,又包含了克敌必阻的意思,这样与原意胜利女神也不谋而合。

其他值得列举的例子还有许多,如Truly,前一字取意,后一字取音,译为"信利”; Accord译成“雅确”,是一种手表的商标,前一字取音,后一字取义;以及Fiyta译作是“飞亚达”也是音意结合的典范。

从审美心理上讲,人们一一旦进入节奏感的欣赏或是感知当中,就会产生一种期待的心理。诸如诗歌中的押韵,文章中的排比,摄影构图中物体的重复等等,都是对这种心理的满足,同时也是使自身富有美感的手段。

事实上,商标的翻译在很大程度上也依赖于这种心理。译名不仅在字数、音调,平仄上有要求,而且在意义上的要求更高,这决定了译名的成败。笔者在有限的素材积累中,发现许多译名只注意到一个方面,而忽略了两者的结合与搭配,。故常显得令人莫名其妙。

Pizza Hut如今译成“必胜客”,在意义上脱离了快餐的味道,在膏色上丧失了中国人对其原有的熟悉与亲切感。倒不如译成``比萨饼”实在,“比萨”是音译,“饼”用来描述食品的种烫;这样既可表达意大利是该美食的故乡,又能借助比萨斜塔的声名唤起食客对意大利美丽风光的联想。

再比如两个纯粹音译的例子, Sportsman自行车和Unlsports运动鞋,市场上的译名前者为“斯波兹曼”,后者为“纽伦斯堡”,若不是对品脾的熟悉,有谁会把这两个名称与它们所代表的产品联系在一起呢?建议

将前者改译为“健将”取其健康迅捷的意思;后者改译为“优跑”取其利于运动,穿着舒适之意,且两者都能显示出商品的特性,音色上也符合人们心理上的要求。。

在收集商标译例的过程中,笔者逐渐归纳出一些成功译名的经验和失败译例的教训,拟提出如下可在翻译商标时参考使用的技巧。

1.省音。外文商标在译成中文后多易采用两字或三字的形式,双音节符合中国人的审美习惯和时代的发展趋势;三字商标则多起源于中国传统的老字号,如“同仁堂,“全聚德”、“稻香村”等。因此中文译名可减原名的多音节为二字或三字商标。如Pentax译为“宾得”、McDonald’;译为“麦当劳”、Sprite译为“雪碧”、Aquafresh译为“家护”牙膏等,时下有一种Stefanel的美国服裟,现多译为“斯特法内”,那么根据上述原则,可否改译为“泰纺”了

2.加字,在译出原名的主要音节后,可根据需要加上符合商品特征或是关键意义的字,以突出产品的宣传性,吸引消费者。如Rock唱片译为“滚石”,Power香皂译为“波尔肤”,Colgate护齿洁齿系列商品译为“高露洁”等。当然在加字时一定注意所加的字在意义和音色上都要与原文商标相宜,否则就会圆蛇添足,多而不当。、

3.字眼的选择可在一定程度上脱离原名的音节,寻找切合商品的字词,而不要拘泥于在音色上的相似和模仿,如Ricon译为“理光”、Canon译为“佳能”,两者都是摄影和复印器材的商标;

Seiko钟表译为“精工”、Comfort衣物柔顺剂译为“金纺”、Reebok运动服装译为“锐步”。 Safeguard香皂译为“舒肤佳”等。有趣的是Dove这一商标,既是香皂的品牌,又是巧克力的商标,译者在翻译时只能是采取不同字眼的选择来加以区分,前者译作“多芬”,取其润肤芬芳之意;后者译为“德芙”,配合其广告词“牛奶香浓,丝般感受”。

同样的道理,中国产品的商标在译成外文时,也要兼顾外国消费者的文化习惯和审美心理,不能简单地音译或是意译了事。前些年我国译者在译出口产品商标时,对于这一-点考虑得并不多,于是才出现了把“白象”电池译为White

Elephant,结果在美国市场上无人间津。原来在英语中awhite elephant是“无用而累赘的东西”。再如“帆船”地毯,也是传统出口产品,译成Junk,遭到同样的命运,后改译为Junco才幸免于难,原因是Junk除了帆船之意外,还有垃圾,破烂的意思。比较成功的译例有:

“乐凯”译为Lucky;“肤美灵”译为Skinice,体现护肤品特色;“百乐美”饮料译为Belmerry。

这些例子充分说明了产品的商标是质量的象征,是产品形象的代表,又是知识产权,不仅在起名时要倍加斟酌,在翻译时更需慎之又慎。因为商品商标的遁名好环也关系到企业的国际化形象和能否在竞争激烈的市场上打响。

当然,商标的翻译绝不是简单的问题。有时好的译名也有自然天成的味道,但本文提出的观点无非是想提起商品生产经营者和翻译工作者的注意,即在翻译商标时是大有文章可做,可以精益求精的。

一种好的商品,加上一个动听上口的名字,无异于锦上添花,魅力无穷。在名牌意识业已深入人心的今天,我们为什么不在商标的翻译上下一番功夫呢?

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