学术论文写作课程期末试题
中文学科论文写作》2018-2019期末试题及答案
中文学科论文写作》2018-2019期末试题及答案1.检索工具是指提供文献资料线索的工具，常用的有数据库、搜索引擎和文摘等。
2.学术论文可分为研究论文和应用论文（包括毕业论文）两类，根据直接写作目的的不同而定。
3.观点和材料是论文的两大构成要素，论文所用的材料应当准确、充分、有力，以证明和表达论文的观点。
4.比较文学研究需要注意问题的可比性，通常需要从时间、空间、文化等方面来进行确定。
5.在学术论文撰写过程中，在语言层面上要求准确、简练、连贯、恰当，避免使用口语化、俚语化的表达方式，同时要注意语法、标点等基本规范。
6.评析教材中的例文《博尔赫斯小说的意象分析》，要全面分析论文的各个方面，包括题目选择、观点确立、材料使用、结构安排、段落组织和语言运用等。
同时要注意分析要有条理、能自圆其说，语言要顺畅。
7.写作提纲应包括标题和内容纲要两个部分。
标题要具体、醒目，内容纲要要包括主题、论点、论据和结论等。
摘要和关键词应当准确概括论文的主旨和重点，为读者提供快速了解论文内容的途径。
内容纲要是论文的重要组成部分，应真实、全面、清晰地反映出论文的总体构成状况。
其应包含中心论点、各个层面的小论点及主要论据或材料的逻辑框架，展开的步骤、各观点间的逻辑关系以及主要材料的使用方法等。
内容纲要应以分条列项的形式写出，先写大的部分或层次的论点，然后是中项目，最后是各个小项目。
无论是哪个层次的项目，都必须简洁、明确，能客观地标示文章内容，起到提纲挈领的作用。
一般而言，内容纲要的写法比较详细，常见的形式为：一、大的部分或大的层次的论点一）段的论点1．段内层次的意思1)材料摘要是论文内容“不加注释和评论的简短陈述”，必须符合以下要求：要有客观性，避免主观评价和使用主观词句；要有独立性和自含性，能为一篇相对完整的短文，读者即便不读论文全文，也能通过摘要对论文内容有大致的了解，获取必要的信息；要有简洁性，不宜写得过长，中文摘要一般不宜超过200-300字。
江苏大学期末学术论文写作试卷
江苏大学学术论文写作--- 试卷+答案+讲解Part IDirections: Answer the following question on the Answer Sheet. 10% What are the main strategies (listed at least Five) for international journal paper submission? P1491）Select an article published in your own field from your target journal and preferably written by a native speaker of English; analyze its structure and language characteristics.2）Read Instruction for Authors/Guide for Authors carefully to know more about its specific requirements. 3）Respect international readers by taking differences in culture, reading habits, and use of languages into consideration4）Tailor for the r eferee’s taste:learn about the referee’s requirements beforehand in order to meet the general review expectations.5）Pay attention to self-checklists to ensure that the manuscript has such academic merits as being original in content, standard in language, and consistent in style.6）Think about the research grants.7）Invite recommendations.8）Remember to express your gratitude to the people concerned.Part IIDirections: Judge the following statements about academic writing by giving T (True) or F (False). 10%1.A professional paper is a formal document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic.2.A literature review chapter requires a number of structural elements, which help guide the reader from one sentence and paragraph to the next in a logical and seamless fashion.3.S ince the Acknowledgements part is highly personal, the language used in this part can be informal and colloquial.4.T he reader can see fully annotated references for each source used in one paper within its abstract.5.C areful note taking and an understanding of how to document sources will keep you from the reality and the appearance of plagiarism.6.D o not write results inconsistent with expectation.7.O ne should avoid, if possible, trade names, acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols in writing an abstract.8.T he Discussion part generally follows the same order of the research questions.9.H aving decided the target journal, you can read Introduction for Authors carefully to get more detailed information.10.The discussion section addresses the question “What was found or invented in the study”.1-5 TTFFT 6-10 FTTTFPart IIIDirections: Discuss the general linguistic features of English academic writing as demonstrated in the following article. Illustrate these features with examples from the article. 15% P6-9The grain drill is tractor propelled vehicle used primarily to sow grain seeds. In order to optimize the application of the grain drill, the width of the rollers may be adjusted manually. Therefore, the recent years have witnessed some new approaches to develop more controlled sowing metering systems. Despite these advancements in trying to improve the performance of the grain drill, a full system that provides a feedback from the seeds about their flow is yet to be tackled.In order to equip the grain drill with a feedback mechanism of its operation, it is necessary to develop a sensing system which can estimate the flow rate of grain seeds under the operational conditions. Therefore, there has been a need to test these systems outdoors, so as to adapt any sensing system developed indoors to the outdoors operational conditions where environmental effects may beuncontrolled. Consequently,the objective of this research work was to adapt the sensing system developed by the authors to outdoor operational conditions. This could be achieved by installing the sensors on the grain drill, and modifying the mass estimation model and its governing algorithm算法、运算法则to the outdoor operational conditions including machine vibration, dust, and different tractor running speeds. (An excerpt from The Age of Revolution by Eric Friedman, 2015:55)Formality, complexity, explicitness, accuracy, conciseness, objectivity/hedging, responsible此问题，回答要点，并举例说明，比如：Formality：There are no contractions, no colloquialisms, no abbreviations, no phrasal verbs and second person pronouns. Complexity：In order to ….conditions. a long sentence Explicitness：The objective isAccuracy：Algorithm, terminologyConciseness：ConsequentlyObjectivity:Hedging: may, might …Responsible: the author should acknowledge the source he/she consults in the paper, such as (An excerpt from the Age of Revolution by Eric Friedman, 2015:55)Part IVDirections: Read the following abstract and analyze its structural elements. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 15% P117ABSTRACT1 The main aim of this study was to determine if there was a positive relationship between prosocial忠于社会道德准则video game use and prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents.2 This study had a cross-sectional correlational design. 3Data were collected from 538 9—15 year old children and adolescents between March and December 2014. 4 Participants completed measures of empathy同理心, prosocial behaviour and video game habits. 5 Teachers rated the prosocial behaviour of participants. 6 The socioeconomic status of participants was also gathered. 7Multiple linear regressions回归、复原、退化were conducted on these data. 8 Prosocial video game use was positively associated with the tendency to maintain positive affective情感relationships, cooperation and sharing as well as empathy. 9This association remained significant after controlling for gender, age, school type (disadvantaged/ non-disadvantaged), socioeconomic status, weekly game play and violent video game use. 10 These findings provide evidence that prosocial video game use could develop empathic concern and improve affective relationships in a diverse population ofyoung people.Objective: 1 The main aim of this study was to determine if there was a positive relationship between prosocial video game use and prosocial behaviour in children and adolescents.Method: 2-6 This study had a cross-sectional correlational design. 3 Data were collected from 538 9—15 year old children and adolescents between March and December 2014. 4 Participants completed measures of empathy同理心, prosocial behaviour and video game habits. 5 Teachers rated the prosocial behaviour of participants. 6 The socioeconomic status of participants was also gathered.Results: 7-9 Multiple linear regressions were conducted on these data. 8 Prosocial video game use was positively associated with the tendency to maintain positive affective relationships, cooperation and sharing as well as empathy. 9 This association remained significant after controlling for gender, age, school type (disadvantaged/ non-disadvantaged), socioeconomic status, weekly game play and violent video game use.Conclusions: 10These findings provide evidence that prosocial video game use could develop empathic concern and improve affective relationships in a diverse population of young people.Part VDirections: The following sentences are taken from the introduction to a research paper. The sentences are not presented in their proper order. Number the sentences in the order you think they appeared in the original introduction. 10% P81A.T he present study explored how BIM (with its 3D visualization and data storage capabilities) can facilitate fire safety management, which is frequently carried out in a two-dimensional (2D) environment. Purpose/objectiveB.C urrently, researchers worldwide are considering potential applications of BIM. Latest researchC.H owever, many possible applications require further investigation to examine the relevant benefits/challenges of using BIM, including integration with simulations of operations for scheduling purposes, structural safety analysis, and fire safety management. Research questionD.S ome BIM-based applications are mature and have been widely used in practice, such as for construction interference detection, four-dimensional (4D) schedule visualizations, and quantity take-offs. Topic/importanceE.Building information modeling (BIM)首次出现is effective in three dimensional (3D) visualization and data/information storage for planning, constructing and operating/maintaining building construction projects.Background information EDBCAPart VIDirections: A: What purposes does Discussion Section have?4% P46B: Read the following discussion section and complete the following tasks. 11%1.W hat is the objective of this research?2.F ind out the sentences relating the findings to similar studies.3.D oes the section mention any limitations of the study? If yes, point them out.总结、关键信息4.W hat is the main take-home message of the study? DISCUSSIONThe study tested the mediational assumptions implied by Pekrun’s (2006) control-value theory of achievement emotions in more direct ways. Specifically, the study examined the link between critical thinking and trigonometry三角学achievement for engineering students with negative academic emotions as the mediating variable.The five negative academic emotions (anger, shame, boredom, anxiety and hopelessness) were negatively correlated with final grade, but anxiety and hopelessness registered the highest negative correlation with final grade.Therefore, the more the engineering students get anxious and hopeless in performing their tasks (e.g., problem solving), the lower would be their final grade in trigonometry. As hypothesized, critical thinking was positively correlated with final grade. Thus, more critical thinking could result to higher final grade. This confirmed previous study (Eshel & Kohavi, 2003) that the use of cognitive strategies (e.g., critical thinking) was reported to have significant positive correlation with math achievement.Furthermore, anger, shame, boredom, anxiety and hopelessness negatively predicted engineering students’ final grade, whereas critical thinking positively predicted final grade. This supported extant theories (Linnenbrink & Pintrich, 2000; Pekrun, 1992) that negative emotions could interfere with the cognitive processing needed to do the academic task thus, inhibiting achievement.However, only two negative academic emotions (anxiety and hopelessness) significantly mediated the relation between critical thinking and final grade. Results of Sobel test showed that indirect effects of both anxiety (activating) and hopelessness (deactivating) do not equal the total effect, thus, the effect of critical thinking on final grade is completely mediated by anxiety and hopelessness.First, anxiety completely mediated the relation between critical thinking and achievement. It was expected that students who employ critical thinking strategy have deeper engagement and a positive approach to do the academic tasks. In doing so, they became less anxious about academic tasks they are completing, thus achieving high final grade. Consistent with previous research (Ellis & Ashbrook 1988; Levine & burgess, 1997) anxiety could reduce working memory resources leading to an impairment of performance of complex or difficult tasks. But the present finding implied that anxiety could be inhibited when students critically engage in thinking in doing challenging tasks.Second, hopelessness completely mediated the relation between critical thinking and achievement. The results suggested that when students engage in critical thinking, their cognitive resources are used appropriately for the task to be completed, making them less hopeless, hereby increasing their achievement.Therefore, it was favorable for students to think critically about academic tasks because that would inhibit them from experiencing negative emotions. Consequently, their performance would increase. In sum, students experienced less of anxiety and hopelessness when engaged in more task-relevant thinking, increasing cognitiveresources available for task purposes, prompt more analytical and detailed way of processing information, thereby increasing academic achievement. (Source: Villavicencio, F. T, (2001). Critical Thinking, Negative Academic Emotions, and Achievement: A Mediational Analysis. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 20(1):118-126.)5.W hat purposes does Discussion Section have?4%The discussion section has four purposes: interpret the results; answer the research questions; justify the approach; and critically evaluate the study.6.W hat is the objective of this research? 3%The research question is “What is the link between critical thinking and trigonometry achievement for engineering students with negative academic emotions as the mediating variable?”7.F ind out the sentences relating the findings to similar studies. 3%This confirmed previous study (Eshel & Kohavi, 2003) that the use of cognitive strategies (e.g., critical thinking) was reported to have significant positive correlation with math achievement. (in Para. 2)This supported extant theories (Linnenbrink & Pintrich, 2000; Pekrun, 1992) that negative emotions couldinterfere with the cognitive processing needed to do the academic task thus, inhibiting achievement. (in Para. 3) Consistent with previous research (Ellis & Ashbrook 1988; Levine & burgess, 1997) anxiety could reduce working memory resources leading to an impairment of performance of complex or difficult tasks. (in Para. 4)8.D oes the section mention any limitations of the study? If yes, point them out. 2%No9.W hat is the main take-home message of the study? 3%In sum, students experienced less of anxiety and hopelessness when engaged in more task-relevant thinking, increasing cognitive resources available for task purposes, prompt more analytical and detailed way of processing information, thereby increasing academic achievement. (in Para. 6)Part VIIDirections: A: List the general structural features of conclusions (7%) P54B: Read the Conclusion Section of “Underlying Knowledge of Construction Management Consultants in China” and identify some of these features in this Conclusion Section. (8%)1CMS make a significant contribution to the rapid growth of China’s construction sector. In order to provide quality construction management services to clients/owners and maintain competitive advantage effectively, it is important for CMCS to possess a diverse, dynamic, and reasonable knowledge structure. In this study, a total of 22 important CMC knowledge areas were identified and grouped into four categories, namely, technology, economy, management and law. A Reference to the purpose 2Significantly, it is found that the perceived level of importance for each area is almost identical to the level of improvement needed in current practice in China, with knowledge of cost planning and project management, civil engineering construction, and engineering contract and law among the most highly rated. Furthermore, management-related knowledge such as cost planning and project management is gaining more and more importance for qualified CMCS as clients/owners tend to involve them in earlier stages of projects. Conclusion3The findings of this research offer a knowledge framework for CMCS to enhance their quality of service in China. For foreign CMCS, especially for those who are intended to enter the Chinese CMS market, there is an urgency to evaluate their current knowledge structure against those items identified here. Although theimportant role of CMCS knowledge in CMS has been acknowledged in the current study, the success of CMS might depend on some other potential factors, such as effective communication among CMSC and MCS professional ethics伦理学、道德标准. Arguably, these factors might play an increasingly important role in construction management programs as well as in practice in the future.Comments4This research has some limitations with respect to the lack of potential knowledge areas while designing the questionnaire, although extensive investigation was conducted to guarantee the comprehensiveness of indicators. The identified knowledge areas in the study are primarily based on the construction management curricula proposed by the Higher Education Advisory Panel, whereas the Chinese construction industry is undergoing a rapid change. Thus, future research is recommended to identify more comprehensive knowledge areas by taking into account the strong links between education and the development of the construction. Limitations1)The general features of conclusions:Conclusions based on sound evidenceA reference to the main purpose or hypothesis of the studyA brief summary of the main ideas in the paperComments on the main ideas in this paperPredictions for future developments of the topic Limitations of the work covered by the paperMention of further research2)Features of conclusion in this section:1.A reference to the main purpose or hypothesis of the study2.C onclusions based on sound evidence3.C omments on the main ideas in this paper4.L imitations of the work covered by the paper & Mention of further researchPart VIIIDirections: Identify the hedging expressions in the following sentences. 5%1.T here might be no difficulty in explaining how the structure contributes to the high survival rate.2.I t is possible to see that in our study short-time biochemical effects are also an important consideration.3.T here is experimental work to show that a week or 10 days may not be long enough and a fortnight to three weeks is probably the best theoretical period.4.C onceivably, smoking does not produce any impairment of cellular immunity.5.I n summary, GM technology could cause the transfer of a known allergen into new crops.1. might2. it is possible3. may4. probably5. conceivably6. couldPart IXDirections: Rewrite each of the following sentences, correcting any error in parallelism. 5%1.W e must either raise revenues or it will be necessary to reduce expenses.2.A company is not only responsible to its shareholders but also customers and employees as well.3.T he new instructor was both enthusiastic and she was demanding.4.I t is a truism that to give is more rewarding than getting.5.A battery powered by aluminum is simple to design, clean to run, and it is inexpensive to produce.1.W e must either raise revenues or reduce expenses.2.A company is not only responsible to its shareholders but also to customers and employees.3.T he new instructor was both enthusiastic and demanding.4.I t is a truism that to give is more rewarding than to get.5.A battery powered by aluminum is simple to design, clean to run, and inexpensive to produce.。
___本科《中文学科论文写作》2020-2021期末试题及答案(试卷号：1332)
___本科《中文学科论文写作》2020-2021期末试题及答案(试卷号：1332)一、填空1.在毕业论文写作中，考虑一个题目是否合适，主要应该考虑以下几个方面的条件：资料条件、时间条件和导师指导条件。
2.按资料的自身性质及其同研究对象的关系的不同，可以将其划分为两种类型，即原始资料和研究资料。
3.语料往往是语言类论文写作不可或缺的资料，而语料的获取方法主要有两种：一是“外采法”，二是“内省法”。
4.选择比较文学研究题目，要讲求问题或者说文学现象的可比性，而对文学现象的可比性，主要应从以下几个方面考虑：亲缘关系、类同关系和交叉关系。
二、简要回答下列问题5.组织学术论文的段落，主要应当依循哪些要求？学术论文段落的要求主要为：第一，___要明确，每个段落要说明什么意思，最好能让读者一看便知，而不要含而不露，让读者自己去体会、去揣摩。
第二，段意要统一，一个段落应当集中表达一个意思，段中的每一句话都应当与段旨有关，尽量不要把与段旨无关的语句写入段中。
第三，段意要完整，一个段落应把一个相对完整的意思表述清楚，在一个段落中，该说的话没有说完，就会使读者难以充分理解___。
___怎样才算完整呢？在一个段落中，能够围绕着一个段旨，采用必要而又充分的材料展开论述，使段旨得到有力的证明和清楚的表达，段意就算是完整的。
也可以根据自己的理解和分析得出一个新的题目。
②内容纲要应该包括以下几个方面：论文的主题、论文的结构、论文的重点、论文的方法和论文的意义。
2)摘要要简洁明了，能够概括论文的主要内容和结论，不超过300字。
3)关键词要能够准确反映论文的主题和内容，一般不超过5个。
答：写作提纲标题：《“甚”的词性演变》的语言学分析内容纲要：1.论文的主题：探究“甚”的词性演变过程及其语言学意义。
2.论文的结构：分为引言、正文和结论三部分。
3.论文的重点：分析“甚”的词性演变过程，包括从副词到形容词再到副词的演变。
4.论文的方法：采用文献资料法和实例分析法，运用语言学理论进行分析。
学术论文写作期末考题
英语专业学术论文写作期末考题要求：从下列选题中，选择一个论题，按照外国语学院毕业论文写作规范及格式要求，写出论文大纲，并列出参考文献目录。
分别写在两张纸上，以A4纸打印装订，统一上交。
上交日期截止为2011年12月25日。
文学：1.On Hardy’s Fatalism in The Return of the Native (也可选择哈代的其他作品)2. A Feminist Reading of Sister Carrie3. A Double Interpretation of Robinson Crusoe4.Symbolism in The Great Gatsby语言学：1. A Discussion of Puns in English2.The Polite Language in the English Language3. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Idioms4.Symbolic Meaning and Usage of Color Terms教学法：1.Application of Body Language to Primary School English Teaching2.Improving Middle School Students’ Listening Comprehension3.Culture Lead-in in Senior Middle School English Teaching in China4.The Application of Cooperative Learning in Primary School English Teaching翻译：1.On Translating English Book Titles into Chinese2.On Translation of Chinese Public Signs into English3.Culture Factors in Translation4.Translation of Metaphor between English and Chinese。
《学术基本要素：专业论文写作》期末考试(20)
《学术基本要素：专业论文写作》期末考试（20）一、单选题（题数：60，共60.0 分）1《罗马晚期的工艺美术》的作者是（）。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、布克哈特B、潘诺夫斯基C、沃尔夫林D、李格尔我的答案：D2博士学位论文开题以后，必须保证（）以上的撰写时间。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、半年B、一年C、一年半D、两年我的答案：B3“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”与（）有关。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、李白B、贾岛C、李商隐D、白居易我的答案：B4《西方美术史学中的中国山水画》的作者是（）。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、方闻B、埃尔金斯C、薛永年D、高居翰我的答案：B5在写论文需要注释时，如果引用文章的署名作者超过（）个，才能用“等”字。
（1.0分）1.0 分2B、3C、4D、5我的答案：B6康德的三大批判包括（）。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、《纯粹理性批判》《实践理性批判》《判断力批判》B、《纯粹理性批判》《实践感性批判》《判断力批判》C、《纯粹感性批判》《实践理性批判》《判断力批判》D、《纯粹理性批判》《实践理性批判》《审美力批判》我的答案：A7一般而言，材料和案例应该是作为（）出现在论文中的。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、论点B、论据C、论证D、驳论我的答案：B8在世界范围当中，对知识产权保护涉及领域最广的产权法是（）。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、《世界知识产权组织版权条约》B、《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》C、《伯尔尼公约》D、《关贸总协定》我的答案：B9下列说法中错误的是（）。
（1.0分）1.0 分A、归纳与演绎、分析与综合都是理性的思考与方法B、日本人对阅读的自觉远高于中国人中国古人擅长图式思维D、中国早期文明中最成功的平面设计体现在《营造法式》中我的答案：D10城市的工艺具有重视（）的特点。
（1.0分）0.0 分A、技巧、权力B、感性、生活C、理性、文雅D、符号、异化我的答案：B11（）是人类最早的文化产物和信物。
学术论文写作考试题
学术论文写作考试题1.What is term paper?In the university grade stage. It is usually accomplished under the guidance of experience teachers to gain the final credit.2.Define the readability of thesis.The text is smoothly, simple, clear chart, well-organized order and brief conclusion. 3.What are the principles and methods of selecting a subject of study?Focused up-to-date under control4.How is the first-hand source distinguished from the second-hand source?F is original opinions S is the original view reviews and comments5.What are the 4 kinds of note in the subject selection?Summary Paraphrase Direct Quotation Comment6.What are the two main kinds of outline? In what subjects do they cater to respectively?Mixed outline: used in humanities and social sciencesNumerical outline: used in science7.Give reasons of submitting a research proposalFirst, you have a good topic.Second, you have the ability to complete the paper.Third, you have a feasible research plan.8.How many components are there in the research proposal? What are they? Title Introduction Literature review Method Result Discussion Preliminary bibliography9.What is the use of literature review?Understand the background.Familiar the problemsHave a ability of preminary assessment and comprehensive the literature.10.What is abstract?Abstract is a concise and comprehensive summary or conclusion.11.What are the main components of abstract?Objective or purpose Process and methods Results Conclusion12.What is the use of conclusion in the thesis?It emphasized the most important ideas or conclusion clearly in this paper.13.What parties is the acknowledgment usually addressed to?For the tutor and teachers who give suggestion, help and support.For the sponsorFor the company or person which provide the dataFor other friends14.Specify MLA formatIt is widely used in the field of literature, history and so on.Pay attention in the original of the Reference.15.Specify Chicago formatThe subject of general format, used for books, magazines and so on.Divided into the humanities style and the author data system.16.Define footnotes.Also called the note at the end of the page. Appeared in the bottom of every page. 17.Define end-notes.Also called Concentrated note or end-notes appear in the text.18.M：monographA: choose an article from the proceedings.J: academic journalD: academic dissertationR: research reportC: collected papersN: newspaper article19.Tell briefly about the distinctions between thesis and dissertation.Dissertation defined as a long essay that you do as part of a degree or other qualification. It refers to B.AThesis defined as a long piece of writing, based on your own ideas and research, that you do as part of a university degree. It refers to Ph.D.20.What are the general features of the thesis title?As much as possible use nouns, prep, general phrase and so on.The title can be used to express an Non-statement sentence.The first letter of the notional word in the title should be capital.Be cautious using abbreviations and try not to use punctuation marks.Remove unnecessary articles and extra descriptive words.21.What is the introduction of the research proposal concerned with?Research question Rationale Method FindingsDesign sample instruments22.How is abstract defined to American national standards institute?It is a concise summary of your work.Abstract should state the objectives of the project describethe methods used, summarize the significant findings and state the implications of the findings.23.How is thesis statement understood?It usually at the final part of the introduction in order that the readers could understood the central idea as quickly as possible. It is the point of view and attitude of the statement.1. Have a brief comment upon the study of ESPSpecial use English also called English for specific purpose. It includes tourism English, finance English, medical English, business English, engineering English, etc. In the 1960s, ESP is divided into scientific English, business English and social sciences, each branch can be divided into professional English and academic English.2. What is the research methods of literature?The external research : from society, history, age, environment and so on relationship to study.The internal research: from the works of rhyme, text, images, symbols and specific level to composed the text.3.Have a brief comment upon the study of interpretation.At present, people in the academia mainly focus on these topics, such as interpreting training, interpreting practices and so on. According to its mean of transfer, interpretation can be divided for simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, whispering interpretation; According to different occasions and interpretation, it can be divided into the meeting interpretation, contact interpretation, media interpretation,etc.4.What is the analytic method in the study of linguistics?In linguistics, analytic method means to make some analysis and decomposition on the various elements of a language according to different research purposes and requirements, andto separate them from the interconnected entirety respectively and extract general and special method.5.In what respects is phonetics studies in the current research?Study on the phonology remains to be further studied, such as Chinese language learning and English phonology, phonological number is still worth discussing. Comparative study of phonology is worth advocating. The combination of researching and teaching for phonetics is also a major focus of current research.6. What is the deductive in linguistics?Deduction is the method to deduce from the general to the special, namely from the general principles of known to conclusions about the individual objects. he deductive method is also known as the study of testing hypothesis.1.What is term paper?2.Define the readability of thesis.3.What are the principles and methods of selecting a subject of study?4.How is the first-hand source distinguished from the second-hand source?5.What are the 4 kinds of note in the subject selection?6.What are the two main kinds of outline? In what subjects do they cater to respectively?7.Give reasons of submitting a research proposal8.How many components are there in the research proposal? What are they?9.What is the use of literature review?10.What is abstract?11.What are the main components of abstract?12.What is the use of conclusion in the thesis?13.What parties is the acknowledgment usually addressed to?14.Specify MLA format15.Specify Chicago format16.Define footnotes.17.Define end-notes.18.Tell briefly about the distinctions between thesis and dissertation.19.What are the general features of the thesis title?20.What is the introduction of the research proposal concerned with?21.How is abstract defined to American national standards institute?22.How is thesis statement understood?。
英语学术论文写作期末考试A卷-(2)
4.1.3 At the Textual Level
4.2.1 At the Lexical Level
4.2.2 At the Syntactic Level
4.2.3 At the Textual Level
5.Conclusion
得
分
4.2 Stylistic Equivalence in Business EnglishLettersTranslation
余美君.商务英语翻译.重庆：重庆大学出版社，2012.
朱蓝辉.奈达功能对等理论在应用文体翻译中的应用.长沙航空职业技术学院学
报.2010.
得理论在商务英语信函翻译中的应用
The Application of the Functional Equivalence Theory in the BusinessEnglishLetter Translation
二、本课题的研究现状（共40分）
得
分
近年来，随着经济全球化和中国改革开放的迅速发展，中国同世界各国之间的联系越来越密切，各国企业间的合作不断深入。在企业间的商务沟通中，商务信函作为不可或缺的交流工具，商务信息的有效交换取决于商务信函的准确翻译，因此商务英语信函翻译在国际经济交往中的重要性日益凸显。然而，国内的商务信函翻译理论研究相对匮乏，传统的翻译理论指导的商务英语信函翻译存在很大的局限性。国内大部分的研究者所遵循的是严复的“信、雅、达”的翻译理论。经过多年的翻译经验，这一理论更适合于文学作品的翻译而不适合商务文本的翻译。
Eugene A．Nida．Toward a Science of Translating．Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2004．
国家开放大学电大本科《中文学科论文写作》2024期末试题及答案（1332）
国家开放大学电大本科《中文学科论文写作》2024期末试题及答案（1332）国家开放大学电大本科《中文学科论文写作》2024期末试题及答案（试卷号：1332）一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1.从总体上看，学术研究有两大类，一类是开创性研究，一类是发展性研究。
2.按资料的自身性质及其同研究对象的关系的不同，可以将其划分为两种类型，即原始资料和研究资料。
3.文艺学的研究范围主要集中在三个领域：文学理论、文学批评及文学史。
4.选择比较文学研究题目，要讲求问题或者说文学现象的可比性，而对文学现象的可比性，主要应从以下几个方面考虑：第一，亲缘关系；第二，类同关系；第三，交叉关系。
二、简要回答下列问题（10分）5.选题主要应当依循哪些原则？答：为做到选题得当，课题的弃取必须要有标准和根据。
选题的原则，就是衡量课题、决定弃取的标准和根据。
课题有意义，作者有见解，是写出高质量的论文的两个决定性因素。
选择课题，主要就应当考虑这两个方而的因素。
（一）要选择客观上有意义的课题（5分）课题有意义，是使论文有价值的一个前提。
就其直接意义而言，课题的客观意义包含两项内容：一是社会意义，二是学术意义。
就其本质而言，这两项内容又是统一的。
（1）要选择具有社会意义的课题选择具有社会意义的课题，主要是指选题要着眼于社会的需要，要以满足社会的需要为出发点。
从根本上说，国家建设的总目标、人类发展讷现实和未来需求，是各行各业作好各项工作的出发点，学术研究也必须围绕着这些内容进行，而不能与此相背离。
无论是解决重大的理论问题，还是解决某一方而的具体问题，也无论是直接还是间接，只要有利于国家建设的总目标的实现，能够服务于人类发展的需求，就是具有社会意义的研究。
在同总目标、总需求相一致的前提下，立足于现实，选择具有现实针对性的问题进行研究，能够最大限度地实现学术研究的社会价值。
当然，不同的学科有其不同的特点和规律，服务于社会的形式也是多种多样的。
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班级：英语2班学号：2010103060 姓名：曹慧娟Title: （10points) An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Love ValueLiterature Review: (20points) Jane Eyre ranks as one of the greatest and most perennially popular works of English fiction. Xie xiulong thought that In his eyes.the love value of Jane is freedom,equality,dignity and true love.Although the poor but plucky heroine is outwardly of plain appearance, she possesses an indomitable spirit, a sharp wit and great courage. She is forced to battle against the exigencies of a cruel guardian, a harsh employer and a rigid social order.Besides,in the view of Jiang hua modern woman must be strengthen,brave and gentle owing to Jane Eyre .However,all of which circumscribe her life and position when she becomes governess to the daughter of the mysterious, sardonic and attractive Mr Rochester. there is great kindness and warmth in this epic love story, which is set against the magnificent backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.,the opinion of Zhao yuhua,Henan Jiaozuo University professor.Denglan thought that this novel has expressed a kind of religious love value,namely,penetration in the secular Christian ideas and ethical color with Christ. Different people from diverse backgrounds have different views about the love value of Jane Eyre,in my opinion,this novel has expressed the female consciousness ,rebellion,and the growth of woman.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers.Abstract: (20points) Nineteenth Century England was characterized by unique moral, political, and social beliefs. In turn, such beliefs shaped how individuals viewed such things as marriage and class divisions. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre can be seen as a snapshot in history, a social commentary which subtly reveals a distaste for traditional Victorian beliefs. .Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.This incredible lady in her beloved story has carried on through the centuries to inspire all its readers.The novel follows the life of Jane Eyre from childhood through adolescence and adulthood. She is portrayed as a female heroine who oversteps the gender and class barriers of her time to pursue and secure her own happiness.Outline: (30points) Introduction:The thesis discusses the love value of Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is Charlotte’s best literary production.In writing it, the author drew a great deal from her own life-experience. The novel show us a new woman on 19th century in England. The purpose of the thesis: This thesis aims at Jane Eyre’s sense of love. Under her rebellion and self-respect, she literally has got a fiery heart for her love.Jane Eyre is the main character in the novel named Jane by Charlotte Bronte.She is but a fictional character,and in our hearts she will stay.The thesis discusses from the character of female,the formation of this novel and the meaning of the value.Chapter 1 .Jane Eyre’s Love ValueA. Her Rebellion and Love ValueB. Her Attitude Towards MenC. Her Female ConsciousnessChapter 2 The formation of Jane Eyre’s Love ValueA. The Background of the SocietyB. The Formulation of Her CharacterC.The Love of Jane Eyre and RochesterChapter 3 The meaning of Jane Eyre’s Love ValueA. Through Jane Eyre’s love story to show her unique characterB. Awakening of her feminist consciousnessC.The growth of a new womanConclusionFrom the paper it is seen that Jane Eyre is worthy to love and to be loved. Her love is based on equality and independence, having nothing to do with status, power or property. She is not tempted with money and doesn’t want to be mistress of Rochester for money. Her love is loyal and steadfast. Jane Eye needs true love, and she overcomes the obstacles in the process of pursing true love.Bibliography : (20points)[1].Xie xiulong ,A brief analysis love value of Jane,Private higher education press,1999.[2].Journal articles:A brief analysis the value of love and marriage of Jane eyre,Zhao yuping,Henan Jiaozuo University,Dang-Dai novel,2009(5)[3].Journal articles:the love value of Jane eyre,Wang Jialin.[4].A brief history of English literature, Liu Bingkun,Henan people press,1993.[5]. Valuable foreign short stories stylistic analysis,Liu Lili,Beijing University Press,2004[6].Journal articles:Anhui literature(comment research) ,A brief analysis the value of love and marriage of Jane eyre,Denglan.2008(11)。