非谓语动词作成分
句子大全之非谓语动词可充当的句子成分
非谓语动词可充当的句子成分一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。
两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。
例1 it took years of work ______（reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析：答案为to reduce。
括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce，但是仔细观察句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词took，因此空格处应填非谓语动词。
“it took（takes）some time to do sth.”是固定句式，意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。
该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want / wish / hope / manage / demand / promise / refuse / pretend / plan / offer / decide / agree / expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / delay/ dislike / enjoy / escape / finish / forgive / imagine / keep / mind / miss / practice / resist / risk / deny / stand等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，如forget / remember / regret / try / mean / go on等。
例2 still，the boy kept ______（ride）.解析：答案为riding。
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下：1.动词不定式(Infinitives)：2.现在分词和过去分词 (present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。
1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。
1）非谓语动词做主语一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比较多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。
通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。
例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of exercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。
例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。
It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。
在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
非谓语动词可充当的句子成分
非谓语动词可充当的句子成分一、非谓语动词作主语不定式和动名词都可以作主语。
两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语，放在句首，而把动名词或不定式短语放在句末。
例1Ittookyearsofwork______（reduce）theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.解析：答案为toreduce。
括号内给出了一个动词原形reduce，但是仔细观察句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词took，因此空格处应填非谓语动词。
“Ittook（takes）sometimetodosth.”是固定句式，意思是“做某事花了多长时间”。
该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如want/wish/hope/manage/demand/promise/refuse/pretend/plan/of fer/decide/agree/expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/dislike/enjoy/escape/ finish/forgive/imagine/keep/mind/miss/practice/resist/risk/ deny/stand等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别，如forget/remember/regret/try/mean/goon等。
例2Still，theboykept______（ride）.解析：答案为riding。
括号内给出了一个动词原形ride，观察句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词kept，此处应填非谓语动词。
keep后接doing形式，因此空格处应填riding。
非谓语动词讲解举例子
非谓语动词讲解举例子非谓语动词是指除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式，包括动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
下面将分别介绍非谓语动词的形式及其用法，并举例说明。
1. 动词不定式（to+动词原形）动词不定式一般用在动词后面，可以表示目的、意图、原因、结果等。
例句：- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.（我去超市买了一些杂货。
）这里的不定式"to buy"表示目的。
- My friends and I decided to go hiking this weekend.（我和我的朋友决定这个周末去远足。
）这里的不定式"to go"表示动作的意图。
2. 现在分词（动词+ing）现在分词可以用作形容词，表示正在进行的动作。
例句：- The running water is so clear.（流动的水很清澈。
）这里的现在分词"running"作为形容词修饰水。
- I saw a crying child on the street.（我看到了街上一个哭泣的孩子。
）这里的现在分词"crying"作为形容词修饰孩子。
3. 过去分词（一般以-ed、-en或其他形式结尾）过去分词一般用作形容词，表示被动或完成的动作。
例句：- The broken window needs to be repaired.（破损的窗户需要修理。
）这里的过去分词"broken"作为形容词修饰窗户。
- She was thrilled to receive the unexpected gift.（她收到这个意外的礼物感到兴奋。
）这里的过去分词"unexpected"作为形容词修饰礼物。
非谓语动词还有其他用法，如作状语、宾语补足语等，下面是一些例子：- Being a doctor, he is always busy.（作状语）作为一个医生，他总是很忙。
英语语法：非谓语动词用法
【导语】⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的⾮谓语形式。
⾮谓语动词除了不能独⽴作谓语外，可以承担句⼦的其他成分。
整理了⾮谓语动词⽤法，快来看看吧！希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注！ 概述 在⼤学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的⼀项语法就是⾮谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）。
⾮谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句⼦成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"⾮谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进⾏态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。
但不管起什么作⽤，它们都具有动词的功能，但⽆语法上的动词性质，这⼀点可以通过它们不受主语的⼈称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作⽤，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。
它也不受主语⼈称和数的限制。
不定式 1．结构 不定式的主动态是to do，其否定式是not to do，被动态是to be done，进⾏态是to be doing，完成态是to have done. 例：1996年6⽉四级第24题 Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A） has left B） is to leave C） leaves D） is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思："78岁的丹尼斯爵⼠已经向众⼈宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家".收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要⼀个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D） is to be left. 2．不定式做主语 例：1995年1⽉四级第55题 It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A） to be paid more than a month later B） to be paid later than more a month C） to pay later than a month more D） to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。
非谓语动词的基本结构及用法
非谓语的基本结构及用法（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
（动名词和现在分词形式相同）以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：完成进行to have been writing /（1）不定式在句子中做主语To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.（不定式与疑问词who ,when,which,where,how等连用，在句子中起名词作用，可以做主语，表语，宾阳）（2）不定式在句子中做宾语。
（以“to do”做宾语的动词主要有：ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，dare，choose，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare，fail，determine，long，seem等）如：They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it good to have a walk every day.They don’t now where to go.（3）不定式在句子中做表语。
如：His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.（4）不定式在句子中做状语。
非谓语动词用法详细讲解
⾮谓语动词⽤法详细讲解⾮谓语动词⽤法详解动词的⾮谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词（⼀）不定式不定式由“to⼗动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do ” ?不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有⼈称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化?不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语?不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for⼗名词或代词宾格”构成.1 ?不定式的⽤法：1）作主语.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，⽤it作形式主语?例如：To see is to believe .It is right to give up smok ing2）作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补⾜语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补⾜语之后，⽽⽤it作形式宾语.例如：He wan ted to go .I find it interesting to study work with him.3）作宾语补⾜语.例如：He asked me to do the work with him.注意 :在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补⾜语中，不定式不带to.但是这些句⼦如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to.例如I ofte n hear him sing the songHe is ofte n heard to sing the song注意：不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后⾯时,如果这些介词之前有⾏为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to.⼥⼝：She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go .动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。
英语语法：非谓语动词
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。
主要包括不定式（to do）、动名词（v.-ing）和分词（现在分词-ing和过去分词-ing）三种形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
在非谓语动词前加not，never，即not / never to do，not / never doing。
二、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词的做题步骤：1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
基本原则：不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
不定式作状语：1.目的状语：如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加“in order”或“so as”，构成“in order to do”（句中/句首）或“so as to do”（句中）结构，并且之前不能用逗号隔开。
Eg. You work hard in order to entrance the college.Take down the number so as not to forget it.2.结果状语：常用句式：so…as to，such…as to，…enough to，only to（表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果），too…to等。
Eg. I hurried back only to find that her mother had left.3.主动表被动：在“主语+系动词+表语（adj.）+to do”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
动词不定式复合结构 It’s difficult for you to study English.
It’s nice of you to help me.
Hale Waihona Puke I feel it right to tell her the truth.
动名词复合结构
在句中作主语或宾语等由动名词的逻辑主语即物主代词 或名词所有格+动名词短语构成
I have much work to do . He is always the first to come. I „d like some exciting music to listen to. We found the book difficult to understand. 如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语，或不定式的逻 辑主语不是句中主语时，则一般用被动语态。 Her boss got a lot of letters to be typed. (不是老板自己打，而是别人打) “Do you have any clothes to be washed today”
-ed
当动词变成被动时
They
left the work half done. The work was left half done. She found her bike stolen Her bike was found stolen.
当 “have”作“有”解释时，如果后面跟有表达某 些感情的名difficulty, trouble, problem, fun, a hard time等通常使用动名词，实际上这种 句型是在动名词前省去了介词in。例如：
We considered/found him (to be ) dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。 We all suppose him to be dead. 我们都以为他死了。
1. 不定式作宾补 有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, call, cause, enable, encourage, get, invite, order, teach, tell 等 后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
-ing作定语与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，或表进行 -ed作定语表被动，或完成 The car waiting outside, songs written by Jackson. Fallen leaves, retired workers 不能用分词的完成式作定语，但中间有逗号隔开时可以如
当谓语动词变成被动时
The man was found lying on the ground. We were kept waiting in the wind.
做宾补 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb/sth done等 2.使役动词have，get, leave, keep等 He raised his voice to make himself heard. We heard the story told. We heard the story being told.
宾语补足语
I invited him to come here. He was invited to come here. The teacher allowed me to finish my homework on Friday.
在make, let, have等使役动词后；在see, watch, look at, observe, feel, hear, listen to, notice等表示感官的动词 后省去动词不定式符号“to”。但如这些词用被动，则带 to That made me quit.
分词及分词短语作状语可表示时间，原因，条件， 结果，让步，方式或伴随情况。分词（短语）可 以放在句首也可放在句末，通常用逗号与句子其 他部分隔开。分词前可带“when, while, as, once, until, if ”等连接词。例如：
（While） Walking along the street, we found
a purse lying on the ground. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.
Not having received an answer, I wrote again.
Not having been tested, this new-type oil pump can’t be put into production.
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us She insisted on me/my/her mother(’s) staying for lunch
有些动词如consider, prove, know, feel, suppose, discover, imagine, find 等也可跟 “宾语 + to be”的形式，使用中应注意。例如：
宾语
(1)有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语，如want, decide, learn, pretend, hope, expect, refuse, manage, long, promise, offer, hate (2) 要求用动名词作宾语，常见的这类动词有
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, confess, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, envy, fancy, favor, finish, forbid, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, mention, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand 等。
固定结构： Generally/ honestly speaking Judging from/by Compared to/ with To tell the truth To be honest Considering/given Given/considering his interest in children, teaching seem the right job for her.
状语
不定式做状语大多表目的，放后面时不用逗号隔 开；有时表出乎意料的结果，一般有逗号。
The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___reduce unemployment pressures. A.help B.to have helped C.to help D.having helped He woke up （only）to see he was in hospital.
分词独立结构
Everything having been prepared, they began to make a new experiment.
The meeting being over, we held a discussion. He left the room angrily, without a word more spoken. There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.
The boy having won the gold metal is my cousin. X The question, having been discussed for thousands of years, has now been solved. 对比： The meeting held yesterday/being held now/ to be held tomorrow
He has difficulty (in) speaking English?
I still remember the great fun I had ____ Disneyland.
A. visited B visiting C visit D to visit
定语
不定式作定语常表将来，与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动 宾关系，但其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般用主动语态。
I was made to quit.
2.-ing做宾补 1.感官动词see, hear, find sb. doing等 2.使役动词have，get, leave, keep, send, won’t have sb doing等 I found the man lying on the ground. Tom kept us waiting in the wind. The explosion sent us running in all directions. I won’t have my children saying dirty words.
1. ________(finish)his homework , he went out to play. 2.______the project in time, the staff were working at weekends. pleting B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete 3.______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A.Being a winner B.To be a winner C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner 4.____and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A.To be tired B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired 5._____ down the radio---- the baby's asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 6._____ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 7. ____up, or you’ll be late. A. Hurrying B. Hurry C having hurried D. hurried 8.____ (buy)some chocolate when you are in Italy. 9. _____ some chocolate is what tourists in Italy often do.