2019年专业英语四级考试词汇语法详解3
2019年专业英语四级考试词汇语法详解3
关于used to的意义和用法
used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存有。
例如：
He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.
在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn't use to或usedn't to均可：
He didn't use to smoke cigarettes.
He usedn't to smoke cigarettes.
Didn't Maria use to be interested in the theatre?
Usedn't Maria to be interested in the theatre?
在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：
Used you to go to the same school as Edward?
Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?
近义词辨析
use, apply, avail, employ, utilize
这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use
强调利用人或物作为工具。
He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。
apply
指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。
We should not only know the theory but also know how to
apply it to practice.我们不但要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应
用于实践。
avail
指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。
I don't think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你
没多大用处。
We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我
们利用一切机会讲英语。
employ
指使用未被利用的东西;用于人时表示雇用。
He doesn't know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该
怎么利用他的精力和时间。
utilize
指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。
She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望
在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。
2019年英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析(3)
2019年英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析(3) 1. renderFirms decide what goods to produce or what services to render in order to satisfy that demand.(1999.6)【全真测试】A. 提出 B. 提供 C. 提问【译文】公司生产何种产品以及提供何种服务均是为了满足需求。
【四级词义】vt. 给予，提供【巧记】rend(撕碎)+er=撕碎了致使给予补偿【词义扩展】v. 使得，致使;造成 His fatness renders him lazy. 他身体肥胖所以很懒。
2. precautionOur first priority is to take every precaution to protect our citizens at home and around the world from further attacks.【全真测试】A. 预测 B. 阻止 C. 预防【译文】我们首要任务是采取每一个预防措施，以保证我们的市民不论在家还是在世界的各处都不再受到袭击。
【四级词义】n. 预防，防备，警惕【巧记】pre(前)+caution(小心，谨慎，警告)=预防，防备，警惕【猜一猜】precautious【Key】adj. 警戒的，小心的3. identifyI identified the jacket at once, it was my brother's.【全真测试】A. 看见 B. 拿出 C. 认出【译文】我立即认出了那件外套，它是我兄弟的。
【四级词义】vt. 认出，鉴定【猜一猜】identity【Key】n. 身份;个性，特性(ity名词后缀)【真题例句】What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份)than to step out of uniform?(2000.6) 对于护士、警察、理发师或侍者来说，没有比不穿制服更简单的方法使他们失去身份特征。
2019年专业英语四级语法题详解
2019年专业英语四级语法题详解11. Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more naturalpattern of organization than_______.A. do other types of writingB. other types of writingC. on other types of writingD. will other types of writing答案：B。
本题考比较级平行比较。
译文：从开始到结尾按时间顺序的叙事，是依据更自然的发生发展模式，而非其他创作叙事方法。
理由：rely on more X than Y, 但rely more on X than on Y，形成比较级对称关系不选C; 没有表示“将来或意愿”，不选D；A虽和前面时态吻合，但不是对称比较，故不选。
12. _______the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for答案：选C。
本题考虚拟语气省略条件连词if后的倒装形式。
译文：假如没有去尝试营救，人质可能现在还活着。
理由：本题是混合虚拟语气，条件是对已经发生的事情假设，结论是对现在假设。
条件过去假设，即ABCD意义上没问题，只是形式上的差别。
不选A，是not应该放在基本助动词had之后；不选B，是虚拟语气带if条件句，要用陈述语序；不选D，是助动词加否定缩写，才可以倒装；选C，是虚拟条件句，省略if，要把助动词放在主语之前。
13. Members of the Parliament were poised _______ahead with a bill to approveconstruction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving答案：选A。
2019.12英语四级解析第3套
调整了。空格所在句是对比飞机机舱内的氧气压 和海拔 ６，０００ 至 ８，０００ 英尺的氧气压，二者都较 低。因此，空格处应填入含有＂等同于＂意义的词， 故答案为 ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔ。 ３０．【考点】名词辨析题。
Ｇ）【语法判断】空格前是形容词 ｃｅｒｔａｉｎ，因此应填入
使人不愉快的；不客气的
副 词∶ Ｆ）ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ 频繁地，经常地；Ｈ）ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ 原先，最初；Ｊ）ｐｒｉｍａｒｉｌｙ 主要地
裂数锻聚题装率蒸解辨源整表蒸家较聚答案详解滚 鉴蒸教落类据测芳警辩食警际称个源
２６．【考点】形容词辨析题。
Ａ）【语法判断】空格前是系动词 ｉｓ，后面是不定式符
学科齐全，学习氛围好；学校所在城市的气候与外国朋友的家乡相似；自
己也在这个学校，能和对方一起学习，品尝美食，并且方便教对方中文。
第３段总结全文并表达自己的希望和期盼。
范文点评∶
参考范文
精彩点评
［１］Ｄｅａｒ Ｔｏｍ，
【１】称呼语。
［２］Ｉ ｈａｖｅ ｊｕｓｔ ｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ ｙｏｕｒ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ａｎｄ Ｉ ａｍ ｓｏ ｅｘｃｉｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｈｅａｒ ｔｈａｔ 【２】【３】引出话题∶一位外国朋友要
ａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ 定位到文章 Ｆ）段第八句。
ｎａｔｉｖｅ 当地人
ｆａｉｌｉｔｙ 设施，设备
ｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇ ｍａｌｌ 大型购物中心 ｊｏｂ ｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙ 就业机会
ｐｕｂｌｉｃ ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ 公共交通
Ｐａｒｔ Ⅲ Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ
【文章来源】本文选自 ２０１９年３ 月１９ 日发表在 ｗｗｗ．ｔｈｅｈｅａｌｔｈｙ．ｃｏｍ（健康网站）上的一篇标题为＂１１ Ｔｈｉｎｇｓ
英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]
![英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/14111a5da88271fe910ef12d2af90242a895ab00.webp)
英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like totake him/her to see and why?_________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.1.A.It was mainly meant for cancer patients.B.It might appeal more to viewers over 40.C.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.D.It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.2.A.The man admires the woman's talent in writing.B.The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.C.The woman is a photographer.D.The man is fond of traveling.3.A.The man placed the reading list on a desk.B.The man regrets being absent-minded.C.The woman saved the man some trouble.D.The woman emptied the waste paper basket.4.A.He has left the army recently.B.He quit teaching in June.C.He has taken over his brother's business.D.He opened a restaurant near the school.5.A.She read only part of the book.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.6.A.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.B.She was absent all week owing to sickness.C.She was seriously injured in a car accident.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.7.A.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.B.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.C.The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.D.The speakers want to rent the Smiths' old house.8.A.The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.B.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.C.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.D.The woman was offended by the man's late arrival.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.10.A.A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B.It was a busy season for holiday-makers.C.The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D.There was a conference going on in the city.11.A.It was free of charge on weekends.B.It was offered to frequent guests only.C.It had a 15% discount on weekdays.D.It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.12.A.Demand compensation from the hotel.B.Find a cheaper room in another hotel.C.Ask for an additional discountplain to the hotel manager.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.B.Head of the Overseas Students Office.C.Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.D.An employee in the city council at Birmingham.14.A.A small number are from the Far East.B.A large majority are from Latin America.C.About fifteen percent are from Africa.D.Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.15.A.She will have more contact with students.B.She will be more involved in policy-making.C.It will be less demanding than her present job.D.It will bring her capability into fuller play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Her parents immigrated to America.B.Her parents set up an ice-cream store.C.Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.D.Her parents thrived in the urban environment.17.A.He was born with a limp.B.He taught English in Chicago.C.He worked to become an executive.D.He was crippled in a car accident.18.A.She was fascinated by American culture.B.She was very generous in offering help.C.She was highly devoted to her family.D.She was fond of living an isolated life.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.He was seriously injured.B.He was wrongly diagnosed.C.He developed a strange disease.D.He suffered a nervous breakdown.20.A.He raced to the nursing home.B.He was able to talk again.C.He could tell red and blue apart.D.He could not recognize his wife.21.A.Two and a half months.B.Twenty-nine days.C.Fourteen hours.D.Several minutes.22.A.They released a video of his progress.B.They avoided appearing on television.C.They welcomed the publicity in the media.D.They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.B.For people to share ideas and show farm “products.C.For officials to educate the farming community.D.For farmers to celebrate their harvests.24.A.By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.B.By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.C.By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.D.By performing a special skill at the entrance.25.A.They help to increase the state governments' revenue.B.They contribute to the modernization of American farms.C.They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.D.They provide a stage for people to give performances.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents.Most parents are (26) __________,butsomeofthemaren'tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children'sdifficulties.For one thing, parents are often not (28) __________the kinds of problems their children face.They don't realize that the (29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change.(30)__________to seeing A's andB's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's first semester college gradesare below that level.At their kindest, they may (31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn'tdoing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, theymay (32) __________to take their children out of college, or (33)__________funds.Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and naturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives. Intheirinvolvementand(34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each personmust develop in his or her ownway. They forgetthattheirchildren,whoarenowyoung(35)__________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any ,of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world.Part of the warming isnatural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice____36____away.However, we have already reached temperatures that are in____37____with other minimum-iceperiods, so continued warming is likely not natural.We are____38____to a predicted worldwide increase intemperatures____39____between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years.The warming will be more____40____insome areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off.Likewise, the____41____of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels,while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (益居的) and____42____for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on____43____, everywhere.Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the resultof a human-induced global warming trend.Some scientists_____44____that the changes we are seeing fallwithin the range of random (无规律的) variation--some years are cold, others warm, and we have justhad an unremarkable string of warm years____45____but that is becoming an increasingly rareinterpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A.appealingB.averageC.contributingD.dramaticE.frequentlyF.impactG.line H.maintainI.melted J.persistK.ranging L.recentlyM.resolved N.sensibleO.shockSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A.Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling morebooks in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format.That is remarkable,considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years.E-books now account for 14 percentof all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.E-book salesare up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacksdecreased 8 percent.B.Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all.What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade orso more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type inthe 1450s.C.Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace.Mass market paperbacks, whichhave been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries,thrillers,“omance fiction,”etc.Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections,either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.Hardback andtrade paperbacks for“serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will becomethe mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is Still published in hard copy.D.As for children's books, who knows? Children's_ books are like dog food in that the purchasers arenot the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.E.For clues to the book's future, let's look at some examples of technological change and see whathappened to the old technology.F.One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both.Thegreater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old.Printingwith moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with theold-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.A Bible--to be sure, a longbook--required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor.Before printingarrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house.There were perhaps 50,000 books in all ofEurope in 1450.By 1500 there were 10 million.G.But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwriting lingered on(继续存在)well into the 16th century.Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they areone-of-a-kind show pieces.H.Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the restto evolve.The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but theydidn't, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce.Equally, TV wassupposed to replace movies but, again, did not. I.Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater.And while TV didn't kill movies, it didkill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.J.Nor did TV kill edy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”)all migrated to television.But because you can't drive a car and watch television at the same time,rush hour became radio's prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged theiraudiences.Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K.Sometimes old technology lingers for centtmes because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry (骑兵)replaced the chariot(二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC.But chariots maintained theirplace in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later.Thesword hasn't had a militaryfunction for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dressuniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L.Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的) at first.Television repairman was a commonoccupation in the 1950s, for instance.And so the old technology remains as a backup.Steamshipscaptured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greaterspeed.But steamships didn't lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had anasty habit of breaking down.Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mounttwo engines side by side, they needed to keep sails.(The high cost of steam and the lesser need forspeed kept the majority of the world's ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)M.Then there is the fireplace.Central heating was present in upper- and middle-class home by thesecond half of the 19th century.But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling pointin a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire.Fire was one of theearliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest).Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a millionyears) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect ofhuman life.N.Books--especially books the average person could afford--haven't been around long enough toproduce evolutionary change in humans.But they have a powerfulhold on many people nonetheless,a hold extending far beyond their literary content.At their best, they are works of art and there is atactile (触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions.The ability to quickly thumbthrough pages is also lost.And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling notdissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter's night.O.For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product thansome currently predict.Like swords, books have symbolic power.Like fireplaces, they induce a senseof comfort and warmth.And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lightsgo out.46.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many people's prediction of itsdeath, the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen.for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage .is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal artsin higher education isn't an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparingyoung Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem thatway.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but alsoasserts that the study of the humanities (人文科学) and social sciences must remain central componentsof America's educational system at all levels.Both areas are critical to producing citizens who canparticipate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative (创新的) leaders, and benefit fromthe spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' jobprospects as technological advances and changes in domestic andglobal markets transform professions inways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances, it's natural to look for what mayappear to be the most“practical” way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you ajob” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in thehumanities characterized as“soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received abroadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, andcommunicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, asthere's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play manydifferent roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environmentwill be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon everyavailable tool and .insight--picked up from science, arts, and technology--to solve the problems of thefuture, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and theUnited States.56.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students' spiritual life.D.Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.The academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.58.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students' range of interests.C.They improve students' communication skills.D.They are essential to students' healthy growth.59.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A.Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B.Those who are good at solving practical problems.C.Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D.Those who have received a well-rounded education.60.What advice does the author give to college students?A.Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B.Try to take a variety of practical courses.C.Prepare themselves for different job .options.D.Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence.It has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, becauseenergy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than inthe past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off thegreat recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical(修辞的) companion “energy security', are, however, slipperyconcepts that are rarely thought through.What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want tobe independent from imported oil.But there arereasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running.Yes, there is a trickle (涓涓细流)of biofuel (生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic wasteand environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their Own oil.They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their off imports from abroad.Vast areas of theUnited States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.Towhat extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energyproduction in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade.It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buythings fromplaces that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit.And although you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels ofpetroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies onthat steady flow to maintain its economy.When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in shortsupplies and higher prices.At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy themost affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A.It sounds very attractive.B.It ensures national security.C.It will bring oil prices down.D.It has long been everyone's dream.62.What does the author think of biofuels?A.They keep America's economy running healthily.B.They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C.They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D.They cause serious damage to the environment63.Why does America rely heavily on off imports?A.It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C.It wants to keep its own environment intact.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.64.What does the author say about oil trade?A.It proves profitable to both sides.B.It improves economic efficiency.C.It makes for economic prosperity.D.It saves the cost of oil exploration.65.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To justify America's dependence on oil imports.B.To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.C.To stress the importance of energy conservation.D.To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education).这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使l6万多所中小学受益.资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材.现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课.一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读.试题答案一、写作If l were to recommend the must-see city for a visitor to China．1 would undoubtedly come up with“Beijing”．Several reasons may account for my choice．First，as the capital city of China for over 700 years，Beijing is blessed with numerous tourist destinations of tremendous historical importance．These include the Great Wall，a famous line of defense；the Forbidden City，an enormous palace compound；the Temple of Heaven，a fascinating site of imperial worship；the Summer Palace，a wonderful imperial garden etc．Second，standing side by side with those brilliant symbols of the imperial past are artistic modern buildtngs such as the olympic Village，the Bird’S Nest Stadium and the Water Cube，as well as the characteristic Siheyuans and Hutongs，the very windows to Betjin9’S old ways of life．Third，home to Bering opera--a well-known traditional form of+art treasure--and thefamousspecialty PekingRoast Duck，Bering is ready to entertain any traveler’S eyes，ears and stomach．To summarize，Beijing is a city that a visitor to China should not miss．二、选择1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.C三、运用26.well-meanin927.adjusting to28.aware ofpetition30.Accustomed31.gently32.threaten33．cut off34.identification35.adults。
2019年英语专业四级真题及答案解析
2019年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATION第1题Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________下一题(2~11/共10题)PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk.When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. Revision of Essay DraftsThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step:【T1】______【T1】______- the rough draft—containing too little or too much material—discussing things unrelated to【T2】______【T2】______- how to revise—provide【T3】______to convince your readers 【T3】______—eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization- group similar ideas in the proper order- produce an outline from the draft to check【T4】______【T4】______The third step: revise for length- mind the stated length- stick to【T5】______【T5】______Revise for【T6】______of the essay 【T6】______-【T7】______by breaking up some longer sentences 【T7】______- use short sentences to make important points- use long sentences to【T8】______【T8】______- eliminate【T9】______expressions 【T9】______- use fresh and interesting descriptions- write with【T10】______as much as possible 【T10】______- write in the active voicePlay00:0005:14Volume第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】上一题下一题(12~16/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:51Volume第12题A.Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.第13题A.She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like he r maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.第14题A.She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.第15题A.It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remains.D.The surname problem has partly been solved.第16题A.History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.上一题下一题(17~21/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:60Volume第17题A.A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C.A guest on a weekly program.D.A magazine editor from San Diego.第18题A.To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.第19题A.Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.第20题A.We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.第21题A.Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.上一题下一题(1/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第22题Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than______.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing上一题下一题(2/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第23题______the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for上一题下一题(3/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第24题Members of the Parliament were poised______ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving上一题下一题(4/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第25题Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise______abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained上一题下一题(5/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第26题Protocol was______enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that上一题下一题(6/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第27题The woman had persuaded him to do______he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing上一题下一题(7/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第28题The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person______he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must上一题下一题(8/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第29题"If not us, who? If not now, when?" These two questions are used as a______.A.sign of angerB.call for actionC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment上一题下一题(9/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第30题What is the function of the present progressive in "They are always calling me by the wrong name"?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.上一题下一题(10/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第31题"Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach. " The relative clause in the sentence serves to______.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent "London"C.put restrictions on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry上一题下一题(11/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第32题A group______casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against上一题下一题(12/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第33题After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical______understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel上一题下一题(13/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第34题The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many______feelings and so much misunderstanding in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury上一题下一题(14/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第35题To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely______" Fire!" in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield上一题下一题(15/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第36题The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ______to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable上一题下一题(16/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第37题Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond______about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons上一题下一题(17/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第38题Electronic cigarettes should be subject______the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on上一题下一题(18/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第39题FC Barcelona, ______the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally上一题下一题(19/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第40题The store sells liquid vitamins______designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically上一题下一题(20/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第41题The three law______officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercion上一题下一题(42~51/共10题)PART ⅣCLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.The words can be used ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparableG. laysH. makingI. perspectiveJ. residesK. that L. thinking M. thoughtfully N. ultimately O. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church´s power in Europe or【C1】______ television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the 【C2】______result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This 【C3】______ accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change: technology´s influence is 【C4】______ determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This 【C5】______about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the 【C6】______of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our 【C7】______, and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power 【C8】______in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and 【C9】______to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, "Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or 【C10】______, to imagine something wonderful. "第42题【C1】第43题【C2】第44题【C3】第45题【C4】第46题【C5】第47题【C6】第48题【C7】第49题【C8】第50题【C9】第51题【C10】上一题下一题(52~54/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat. " And if you can´t find work, don´t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This " smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.第52题Increase in immigration i n Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of______.A.low wages for localsB.imperfect labor marketsC.the design of the welfare systemD.inadequate skills of immigrants第53题Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B.People who run businesses.C.People who receive state benefits.D.People who are willing to earn less.第54题It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is______towards immig ration.A.cautiously favorableB.slightly negativeC.strongly negativeD.quite ambiguous上一题下一题(55~58/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) There was something in the elderly woman´s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2) It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I´d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall´s concourse as a river of humanity.(3) The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4) The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5) Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who´d passed away the previous Christmas.(6) As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7) We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she´d enjoyed when she was her son´s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8) I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman´s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she´d displayed earlier.(9) As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10) "Is that your mom?" I asked.(11) I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, "Yeah. " There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12) Still watching the mother, I said, "Mind some advice?"(13) "Sure," said the daughter.(14) I smiled to show her I wasn´t criticizing. "Cherish her," I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, "When she´s gone, it´s the little moments that´ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know. "(15) It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I´d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16) The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter´s custody. Together they made their way toward the store´s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother´s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.第55题What does "she had a job to do" (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B.She was thinking of what to buy.C.She wanted to ask for help.D.She wanted to buy a DVD.第56题What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.第57题In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being______.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly第58题While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was______.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patient上一题下一题(59~61/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed "literary fiction" , it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people´s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or "popular" fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2) Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3) "Reading literary fiction isn´t just for passing the time. It´s not just an escape," said Keith Oatiey, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. "It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives. "(4) Oatiey was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people´s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5) But, the study by Oatiey and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy—empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some "cause-and-effect" evidence, Oatiey said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as "Reading the Mind in the Eyes". People have to look at photos of actors´ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6) It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, "It´s not like taking people from a (grade) ´C´ to an ´A´ ," he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes´ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it´s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7) " Literary" fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They。
(完整版)英语专业四级语法和词汇总结
1.nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略D. what is5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、着手6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临，发生8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”9. go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述；讨论10. on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。
for与by不与principle搭配。
11. take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。
英语专业四级高频词汇2019
2019英语专业四级高频词汇汇总<1>1. America n.美利坚合众国,美洲总频率22次。
2.Africa n.非洲<略为Afr.>总频率6次。
3.Canada n. 加拿大4.propaganda n. ①ideas, false or true information, etc. spread about officially, esp. by a government宣传,传播②organs for propaganda 宣传机构褒义贬义,体会明细!propaganda作"宣传、广告"讲时常常带有贬义。
[建议]此词常含贬义,不可滥用。
5.panda n. a large bearlike animal with black and white fur, originally from China 大熊猫6.agenda n. things to be done; business to be discussed at a meeting <会议>议程,日程,待议事项总频率1次。
构词有法,扩散记忆!词根ag意思为"做"<do, act>,-end是名词后缀,-a表示复数。
ag做+-end 名词后缀+-a复数→agenda→things to be done待做的事项→会议上待议的事项→议事日程。
-a表示复数以-a结尾的词：phenomena现象<复数>→phenomenon 现象<单数>;data资料<复数>→datumn资料<单数>[典型例句] Now, let’s come to item No.5 on the agenda. 现在让我们讨论议事日程上的第五项。
7.soda n.①chemical substance in common use, a compound of sodium苏打②soda water 苏打水,汽水8.idea n. a plan, thought, or suggestion for a possible course of action计划,主意,念头总频率27次,词汇频率1次。
2019年12月英语四级考试大纲词汇整理：F字母开头
2019年12月英语四级考试大纲词汇整理：F字母开头fabric/ ‘fbrik/ n.织物，纺织品;结构face/ feis/ n.脸;表面;外表facility/ f’siliti/ n.设备;容易;便利fact/ fkt/ n.事实;实际，实情factor/ ‘fkt/ n.因素;因子，系数factory/ ‘fktri/ n.工厂，制造厂faculty/ ‘fklti/ n.才能，水平;系，科fade/ feid/ vi.褪色;逐渐消失fail/ feil/ vi.失败;失灵;不能failure/ ‘feilj/ n.失败;失败的人faint/ feint/ a.微弱的;虚弱的fair/ fe/ a.公平的;相当的fair/ fe/ n.定期集市;博览会fairly/ ‘feli/ ad.相当;公平地faith/ feiθ/ n.信任，信心;信仰faithful/ ‘feiθful/ a.忠诚的;如实的fall/ f：l/ vi.落下;跌倒;陷落false/ f：ls/ a.不真实的;伪造的fame/ feim/ n.名声，名望famili ar/ f’milj/ a.熟悉的;冒昧的family/ ‘fmili/ n.家，家庭;家族famine/ ‘fmin/ n.饥荒;严重的缺乏famous/ ‘feims/ a.的，出名的fan/ fn/ n.(运动等)狂热爱好者fan/ fn/ n.扇子，风扇 vt.扇fancy/ ‘fnsi/ n.想象力;设想;爱好far/ fa：/ a.远的 ad.远，遥远fare/ fe/ n.车费，船费，票价farewell/ ‘fe’wel/ int.再会 n.告别farm/ fa：m/ n.农场，农庄;饲养场farmer/ ‘fa：m/ n.农民，农夫;农场主farther/ ‘fa：e/ ad.更远地 a.更远的fashion/ ‘fn/ n.样子，方式;风尚fashionable/ ‘fnbl/ a.流行的，时髦的fast/ fa：st/ a.快的;偏快的 ad.快fasten/ ‘fa：sn/ vt.扎牢，扣住fat/ ft/ n. 脂肪,肥肉 a. 肥胖的fatal/ ‘feitl/ a.致命的;命运的fate/ feit/ n.命运，天数father/ ‘fa：e/ n.父亲;神父;创始人fatigue/ f’ti：g/ n.疲劳，劳累fault/ f：lt/ n.缺点;过失;故障faulty/ ‘f：lti/ a.有错误的，有缺点的favour/ ‘feiv/ n.好感;赞同;恩惠favourable/ ‘feivrbl/ a.有利的;赞成的favourite/ ‘feivrit/ a.特别受喜爱的fear/ fi/ n.害怕;担心 vt.害怕fearful/ ‘fiful/ a.害怕的，可怕的feasible/ ‘fi：zbl/ a.可行的;可能的feather/ ‘fee/ n.羽毛;翎毛;羽状物。
英语专业四级（专四）词语辨析大全,还挺有用的!
英语专业四级（专四）词语辨析大全,还挺有用的!abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave: 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up: 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability: 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。
gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意able: 最常用词，多用于褒义，着重指多方面的，经常性的，或潜在性的能力。
专业四级词汇+语法共1000题 1-20
高校英语专业四级考试·词汇语法详细解答Test One1. Although ____Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows2. You ____that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing3. Joseph was very lucky ____with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping4. Bread and butter ____liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is6. He set up in business ____his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ____last night.A. must studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. is sure to study8. Frank almost never received any education, ____?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he9. Even if his letter ____tomorrow, it ____too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be10. We can hear ____from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ____of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses12. The small mountain village was ____by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away13. Miss Green was ____$100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed14. Modern ____perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ____when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ____pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ____of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum18. Nancy was surprised that they have ____. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ____to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ____sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ____because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ____ a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ____with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ____from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ____in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming您的得分率为：/ 25试题答案与解析1.C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。