中高级口译阅读解析
3月4日英语中级口译笔译答案及解析

3月四日英语中级口译笔译答案及解析Spot dictation1. round flat cakes2. German immigrants3. their name4. claim5. clear answer6. great hit7. fast, practical and cheap 8. in the 1920 s 9. five cents each 10. drive-in restaurant 11. popular menu items 12. conquer13. hot-dog stand 14. sprang up15. sold twelve hamburgers 16. US culture 17. sixty percent 18. seven percent19. according to the times 20. a fish burger statements1-5 ACBDB6-10 ACBBBTalks and conversations:11-15. BADCD 16-20. ACCAB21-25. DBBDD 26-30. ABACDStudy skill1-5. DBCBC 6-10. BCBCD11-15. ABACC 16-20. CDDAD21-25. CCCDA 26-30 BADBB.Spot dictationYou might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These round flatcakes (1),or patties actually came from Germany in the middle of the 19th century. They were brought to theUnited States by German immigrants (2) who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why their name (3) wasHamburger Stake.However, people in other places claim (4) that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we'll never have a clearanswer.(5) But there is no question that the hamburger was a great hit.(6) Why? Perhaps because at that time,industry was growing, and the kind of fast, practical and cheap (7) food was needed for workers.The hamburger became even more popular in the 1920 s (8) when the first chain of fast food restaurants wasstarted. This chain was called White Castle. It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only 5 cents each. (9)Then, in the 1940 s there came the drive-in restaurant (10) where customers were served in their cars by waitersin uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most popular manual items. (11)By now, the hamburger was ready to conquer (12) the world. And this happened with McDonalds, which wasactually a hotdog stand (13) at first. But by the early 1950 s the hotdog was replaced by the hamburger.McDonalds and other fast food restaurants spring up (14) around the world throughout the west of the 20thcentury. McDonalds alone has sold 12 hamburgers (15) for every person in the world.The importance of the hamburger to US culture (16) remains significant. About 60% (17) of all sandwiches thatare eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, 7% (18) of current workers in the Untied States had theirfirst job at McDonalds. But the face of the hamburger is changing according to the times. (19) Nowadays it ispossible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, a fish burger,(20) or a veggie burger.Listening translationSentence Translation1. Please hold my telephone calls and just take a message. I can call back later.I must have a little peace andquiet to concentrate on these figures.请别挂断我的电话,先留个言,我会回电。
技巧经验-中高级口译口译阅读“必杀技”

中高级口译口译阅读“必杀技”阅读考试永远是速度(speed)和正确率(accuracy)的赛跑,它决不是对文章逐字逐句的推敲,也不代表对文章从头到尾不分主次的分析。
文章是由段落构成的。
典型的英文段落,是一个逻辑的整体(logical unit),它必定要围绕着一定的主题展开。
绝大多数情况下段落中会有一个最能概括该段主题的句子,即主题句(topic sentence),而段落中主题句之外的内容就是细节(subordinations)。
对于中级口译的考生而言,在阅读部分抓住一个段落,乃至全文的主题句至关重要。
首先,主旨题是考试的重点题型之一,细数历年考题,每次考试6篇文章30道题目中必定会出现3-6个题直接考察文章的主题,如What is the main idea/concern /purpose of the passage? 便是常见的主旨题;其次,辨识主题句之后意味着段落中的其他内容可以略读(scan)或者跳读(skim),可以大大节约时间。
再次,部分细节题考查的往往是细节对于主题的支持,这种情况下细节的内容并不一定需要深究,选对了主题便可顺便选出正确答案。
最后,文章中的难词往往出现在细节内容中,如果可以在全面理解文章的前提下跳读难词的话,对于考生紧张情绪的平抑也将大有裨益。
可见,把握主题不仅可以加快阅读速度,也可以提高正确率,可谓阅读理解考试的“必杀技”。
下文将重点剖析段落中主题句的典型特征及全文主题句的分布规律。
一、主题句特征“必杀技”:中口的文章虽然内容庞杂,涵盖政治、经济、社会、法律、天文、地理、自然科学、社会科学、人类学、心理学、美学、生物、医学和生活常识等内容,但是主题句的“样子”却不外乎“强”、“新”、“奇”、“真”、“并”五种。
之所以会具有这些特征,是和中口文章最常见的体裁(议论文和说明文)及其出处(英美报刊及专业文献)分不开的。
1、“必杀技”之一:“强”字诀!“强”,顾名思义是段落中强调的部分,体现了作者强烈的感情或倾向,这样的词句怎能不重视?(1)“强”调单词:A. huge、great、monumental等表示“伟大”意义的词汇出现在说明文中,该句极有可能成为主题句。
高级口译阅读理解答题技巧

高级口译阅读理解答题技巧今天来聊聊高级口译阅读理解答题技巧的一些实用技巧。
我先和大家说一下我为啥要研究这个呢。
我自己经历高级口译考试的时候,那真是一场头脑风暴啊。
就像在一个迷宫里找出口一样,阅读理解部分特别让我头疼,有很多密密麻麻的文字,时间还特别紧。
就拿我之前考的一次来说,文章都是关于国际贸易和一些复杂的外交政策之类的。
当时我就懵了,不知道从哪儿下手,阅读速度慢,理解也不透彻,结果那部分做得一塌糊涂。
那我后来是怎么改进的呢?我就把这阅读理解当成是寻宝。
首先呢,要快速浏览,这个就像是先大致看看宝藏地图上都有些啥大的标记一样。
用不了多久,只需要快速扫一眼标题啊、每段的开头和结尾啊,就能大概知道这篇文章是讲啥事儿的。
这时候你的心里就有个底了。
比如说有一篇文章标题是“人工智能在医疗行业的新变革”,那我一看到这个标题,就知道或者能猜到这篇文章里可能会有提及人工智能当前在医疗行业的应用情况,面临的问题啥的。
对了,还有个事儿要说。
在快速浏览之后,就要精读了,这个过程就像是拿着小铲子在宝藏的关键地点仔细挖掘一样。
这个时候就不要放过任何细节了。
遇到一些专业的词汇,不要慌,这就像是你在寻宝路上遇到了一些特殊的标记,你可能不认识,但它一定有用处。
比如说“telemedicine(远程医疗)”这个词,如果不认识也没关系,根据上下文大概就能猜到是和远程有关的医疗手段。
不过在这里我得承认,这个技巧有局限性。
有时候遇到一些特别难理解的长难句或者生疏的概念,单纯靠这种方法还是会丢分。
那怎么办呢?如果句子实在难,就把它拆分开,就像拆乐高积木一样,看到那些修饰成分都是修饰谁的。
这时候语法知识就像你的小帮手。
有意思的是,有时候题目会设陷阱。
我就老是掉进陷阱里,我老是只看到文章里的表面意思就去做题。
就好比只看到了宝藏的幻影一样。
后来我知道了,一定要深度理解作者的意图。
这就像你要猜一猜宝藏为什么会被埋在这个地方一样,要去推测背后的逻辑。
上海中高级口译考试全解析

上海中高级口译考试全解析上海外语口译资格证书考试已经进行了将近十年,目前报考的人数越来越多,依然有很多第一次接触到口译考试的朋友对此考试感到疑惑,这里出一个解答的汇总,希望能解决大家心中的疑问1、口译报考新手入门常见问题解答2、英语中高级口译考试考试对象、考试流程、证书用途口译报考新手入门常见问题解答上海市外语口译证书考试还有很多别名。
比如我们通常叫的上海口译考试、中高级口译证书考试……目前十分火热,且报考人数连年增长,这里针对新手报考口译考试通常会遇到的一些问题做了一系列整理,帮大家理清思路,搞清楚这到底是个怎样的口译考试问:什么是上海市外语口译证书考试?答:上海市外语口译证书考试是上海紧缺人才培训工程重要项目之一,由上海市高校浦东继续教育中心(PCEC)负责组织实施。
自1995年6月开考到现在,已有几十万人报考。
考试通过者(含笔试和口试)获得由上海紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室颁发的《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》问:上海市外语口译证书考试有哪些考试项目?答:目前的考试项目有四个。
它们是英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译、英语口译基础能力。
问:这四个项目的考试费用是怎样的?答:在上海地区,考试收费标准由上海市物价部门审核批准。
英语高级口译笔试、口试各210元;英语中级口译笔试、口试各180元;日语口译笔试、口试各200元;英语基础能力笔试、口试共200元。
(以上费用为上海地区考务费、报名费,外省市考点的考生另增加代办费)。
也就是说不同地区的报名费会略有高低不同,以当地报名点的报名费用为主。
问:通过考试,我可以拿到什么证书?答:英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》;笔试合格者可办理《上海市外语口译笔试合格证书》;对英语口译基础能力笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市英语口译基础能力合格证书》。
问:要拿到《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》,我需要通过哪几项考试?答:上海市外语口译证书考试通常分为两部分,即笔试和口试。
最新【经典】英语中高级口译真题解析

英语中高级口译真题解析2007年9月李鹏按:试题原文根据网文《上海男人与上海女人》改编而成。
【原文】据说,上海男人是最好丈夫。
他们总是知道该如何讨妻子的欢心,从而避免了矛盾,一家人其乐融融。
所以从某种程度上讲,上海男人是社会安定和谐的象征。
当妻子快乐时,他也快乐,因而整个城市也充满了快乐气氛。
虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”,但他并不屈从于妻子。
在与妻子有争议时,他要么保持沉默,要么一笑置之。
有时候他会发火,但事后不久,他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。
最终他妻子发现,她还是按照他的想法行事。
上海男人聪明、务实,有时也相当圆滑。
最令人印象深刻的是,上海男人在事业上有进取心,对家庭有很强的责任感,而且尊重女性。
【参考译文】Shanghaimenaresaidtobethebestofhusbands.Theyknowhowtowinth efavoroftheirwivesandavoidconflictssothathappinesspervadestheirfa milies.Shanghaimencanberegardedasthesymbolofsocialsecurityandh armony.Theyarejoyfulwhenevertheirwivesare,thusfillingthewholecit yofShanghaiwithhappiness.Shanghaimenarejokinglycalledhen-pecke dhusbands.However,theywillneveryieldtotheirwivesbutremainsilent orsmileawaythequarrels.Andtheywillapologizewithouthesitationsho rtlyaftertheylosetheirtemper,whichisararity.Finally,theirwivesfindthemselvescomplyingwithwhattheirhusbandssay.Shanghaimenaresmar tandpracticalandevenslippery,butwhatimpressesmostisthattheyarea ggressiveintheircareerandresponsibletotheirfamiliesandrespectfultofemales.【评析】1.首句可以用Itissaidthat?译出。
2022年上海中级口译考试真题答案及解析

Spot Dictation:We all have problems and barriers that block our progress, or prevent us from moving into new areas. Our problems might include the fear of speaking in front of a group, anxiety about math problems, or the reluctance to sound silly trying to speak a foreign language. It's natural to have problems and barriers, but sometimes they limit our experience so much, we get bored with life. When that happens, consider the following three ways of dealing with the problem or barrier.One way is to pretend it doesn't exist. Avoid it, deny it, and lie about it. It's like turning your head the other way, putting on a fake grin, and saying, "See, there's really no problem at all. Everything is fine."In addition to looking foolish, this approach leaves the barrier intact, and we keep bumping into it. So, a second approach is to fight the barrier, to struggle against it. This usually makes the barrier grow. It increases the barrier's magnitude. A person who is obsessed with weight might constantly worry about being fat. He might struggle with it every day, trying diet after diet. And the more he struggles, the bigger the problem gets.The third alternative is to love the barrier. Accept it. Totally experience it. Tell the truth about it. Describe it in detail.Applying this process is easier if you remember two ideas. First, loving aproblem is not necessarily the same as enjoying it. Love in this sense means total and unconditional acceptance. Second, unconditional acceptance is not the same as unconditional surrender. Accepting a problem is different than giving up or escaping from it. Rather, this process involves escaping into the problem, diving into it headfirst, and getting to know it in detail.Often the most effective solutions come, when we face a problem squarely, with eyes wide open, then we can move through the problem, instead of around it. When you are willing to love your problems, you drain them of much of their energy.【评析】本文选自Dave Ellis 旳著作Becoming a Master Student其中旳一种章节:Love your problems and experience your barriers,本文重要简介了处理问题旳三种措施,第一种是直接忽视它,就当不存在;第二种是正视它,挑战它,第三种则是爱上困难,充足体验。
经典中级口译真题答案及讲评(三)
TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 MINUTES)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Foundations are tax-free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions. They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes. From a small beginning at the turn of the century they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts. Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines. In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community. Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy-formation groups.分析:① Foundations are tax-free institutions (that are created togive grants to both individuals and nonprofit GetWord("nonprofit"); organizations for activities (that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions)).译⽂:基⾦会是免税组织,其设⽴的⽬的是资助个⼈和⾮赢利性组织的活动,包括教育、调研、艺术、扶贫和维护奇园古宅。
中高级口译笔译部分答案
参加一些非正式的活动或会议,其同义词有attend和participate;join in指和某人一起做某事,有“加入”的意思;enroll指“入会;入学”,可以解释为“注册”;enlist特指“入伍;参军”。
⑤西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展,共同繁荣。
文:The Great Western Development is sure to be a bridge between China and the rest world, which promotes/promoting the common development and prosperity of China and theworld.?考点:定语从句的翻译:省略法2003年9月考题TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSER BOOKLETThe expansion of the universities since the beginning of World War II and the great increase in number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters, symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers who are now employed by practical men in all institutions. These people, called intellectuals in the sense that they deal with symbols and ideas, have become professionalized in exactly the same sense as the engineer. Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and subsidies for their research.The professor’s project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget. The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts. The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent理这种贷款,而改为与一些私人贷款方和机构合作,由他们另行提供贷款。
高级口译真题翻译部分答案及讲评
高级口译真题翻译部分答案及讲评高级口译真题翻译部分答案及讲评TRANSLATION TEST(30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways. For instance, many American parents may be totally divorced from the church, or entertain grave doubts about the existence of God, but they send their children to Sunday school and help them to pray. American parents struggle in a competitive world where sheer cunning and falsehood are often rewarded and respected, but they feed their children with nursery tales in which the morally good is pitted against the bad, and in the end the good inevitably is successful and the bad inevitably punished. When American parents are in serious domestic trouble, they maintain a front of sweetness and light before their children. Even if American parents suffer a major business or personal catastrophe , they feel obliged to turn to their children and say,” Honey, everything is going to be all right.” This American desire to keep the children’s world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident. Thus, in summary, American parents face a world of reality while many of their children live in a near-ideal unreal realm where the rules of the parental world do not apply, are watered down, or are even reversed.分析:① The line of demarcation between the adult and the child world is drawn in many ways.译文:成人与儿童世界的划分是多方面的。
春季上海中高级口译考试真题及答案解析汇总
春季上海中高级口译考试真题及答案解析汇总2011年春季中级口译真题翻译原文及参考答案2011年春季中级口译考试听力S-T小评2011年春季中级口译考试听力P-T第一篇小评2011年春季中级口译考试听力P-T第二篇小评2011年春季中级口译考试听力T&C小评2011年春季中级口译考试听力Spot小评2011年春季中级口译考试听力Statements小评2011年春季中级口译考试翻译原文和参考答案(沪江版)2011年春季中级口译考试听力原文及评析2011年春季中级口译考试听力单句听译SD点评2011年春季中级口译考试听力详细笔记2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第一篇简述2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第二篇简述2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第三篇简述2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第四篇简述2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第五篇简述2011年春季中级口译考试阅读第六篇简述2011年春季上海高级口译考试真题及答案解析汇总1 2011年春季高级口译真题翻译原文及参考答案查看2 2011年3月高级口译听力Spot Dictation原文(昂立教育版) 查看3 2011年3月高级口译听力Spot Dictation原文(沪江) 查看4 2011年3月高级口译听力上半场第二部分原文(沪江) 查看5 2011年3月高级口译听力上半场第四篇原文(昂立教育版) 查看6 2011年3月高级口译句子听译原文和答案(沪江) 查看7 2011年3月高级口译段落听译原文和答案(沪江) 查看8 2011年3月高级口译阅读上半场第一篇原文(新东方版) 查看9 2011年3月高级口译阅读上半场第三篇原文(新东方版) 查看10 2011年3月高级口译阅读上半场第四篇原文(新东方版) 查看11 2011年3月高级口译翻译原文和参考答案(新东方版) 查看12 2011年3月高级口译阅读下半场第一篇原文及解析(新东方版) 查看13 2011年3月高级口译阅读下半场第二篇原文及解析(新东方版) 查看14 2011年3月高级口译翻译原文和参考答案(沪江版) 查看15 2011年3月高级口译英译汉的八大难词分析查看考试大口译笔译站点收集整理。
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中高级口译阅读解析本人于2003年9月通过中级口译考试,2004年3月通过高级口译考试,并以笔试第一名的成绩获得新东方学校优秀学员的荣誉,同年10月兼职于上海新东方学校,凭借在口译考试中的实战经验以及积累的教学经验,对口译考试的阅读部分作如下解析:中口阅读满分60分,6篇文章,共30道选择题,预计50分钟完成;相较90分的听力和100分的翻译而言,阅读从分值比重上来说并非重中之重,但考虑到听译部分的难度以及翻译部分的主观性,阅读是最容易把握和拉分的。
在历年真题的比照中可以发觉中口阅读难度有明显的提高,在00年之前,其难度处在四级到六级之间,但在00年之后,文章长度变长,词汇要求提高,题目难度提升,加之文章体裁的多元化,难度提升到六级或托福水平,尤其是近两年,中口阅读有与高口接轨的趋势,开始走向原汁原味的外刊风格。
高口阅读分两部分,前一部分4篇文章,20道选择题,后一部分3篇文章,10道问答题,共计100分,预计60分钟完成,基本上被公认为整个考试过程中最大的难点。
其文章全部选自最近半年出版的英美主流报刊杂志,并且不作任何修改与增删,这样的报刊文章,无论从用词到结构,从修辞到语言都有其独特之处,难度在托福之上,近乎专八水平,使许多考生望而生畏。
制约阅读的因素有许多,归纳起来基本上是词汇,句法,行文以及文化背景,本文就将就这四大因素为纲,结合中高口阅读中的实例进行分析。
首先,就词汇而言,中口的基本要求在六级左右,一般在掌握六级词汇后,看懂文章大意不会有太大的问题,但这并不排除文章中出现六级外难词的可能,有些甚至是gre词汇,这样的词分为两种:一种是完全不影响阅读的专业词汇。
如在03年9月第6篇讲感冒药剂的文章中出现多个生僻难懂的单词:paracetamol, decongestant, antihistamine等,这样frustrating的单词连续出现对考生的心态是一个严峻的考验,许多考生只觉满眼皆生词,于是便无心恋战,开始轻率解题甚至全盘放弃,但其实即使知道这三个词的中文释义对理解并没有太大的帮助,它们分别是醋氨酚、抗充血剂以及抗组胺剂。
因此碰到这样的难词,考生要摆正心态,不要慌张,只要能在上下文背景下知晓其大致的意义范畴,分别命名为“小p”,“小d”,“小a”即可。
另一种尽管也是难词,但通过词根词缀的分析可以猜出其大致的意义走向,这也就意味着中口并不回避对那些可能被列入gre词汇的单词的考察。
如在02年9月第1篇讲水下建筑的文章中出现claustrophobia一词,且作为关键词出现,然而这样的gre单词的出现并非仅有一次。
在01年3月第5篇讲种族问题的文章中出现“There is little doubt that, with the massive upsurge of xenophobia against asylum-seekers too, the fallout is affecting anyone perceived to be foreign or different.”并且在第23题中明确问及xenophobia的含义。
依据词根词缀的知识,词根phobia有恐惧、排斥之义,claustrophobia 为幽闭恐惧症,xenophobia 为对外国人或陌生人的憎恶或恐惧,因此xenophobia的对应选项就是antipathy (反感),其实就是在考phobia 作为词根的意义。
因此,面对中口阅读对词汇的要求,一方面同学要努力背词,另一方面也要试图掌握一定量的词根词缀。
同时也要培养起通过上下文猜测此词义走向的能力,这一点大家都比较熟悉,此处就不再赘述。
然而,高口阅读对词汇量的要求则远胜中口,大体读懂文章需要8000词,完全理解并顺利解题则需要12000词,这与sat, gre的要求相去不远,但是高口的新闻文体决定了它对词汇的独特要求,从下面一组词的对比中我们不难发现短词是英美报刊用词的一大特点:accord / agreement, back / support, curb / restraint, drive / campaign, link / connection, vow / promise。
面对这样的情况,我们一方面是要积极地背词,《中高口词汇必备》提供8000基础词,新东方的高口阅读课程会从外来词、专业词、新闻词、时事词等多方面补足4000词的缺口,另外,《单挑时代经典1000词》从《时代》杂志中选出常用的新闻词汇,并配以地道的例句,辅助记忆;另一方面,某些反复用到的词的出现率很高,因此复习历届试题出现过的单词裨益极大,如报道政治新闻时常见president, congress, representative, scandal, vote, bill一类的词。
其次,就句法而言,基本是“抓主谓,舍从属”的原则,而实际应战考试时靠的更是强大的语法背景以及平素阅读的积累,需要注意的是在阅读时,当文章的大部分都已读通,遇到一句难懂的句子不要回读浪费时间,因为这句句子很有可能无关紧要,如果后来考到,再回读也不迟。
如03年9月中口第1篇,全文7小节,前5小节基本没有问题,但在第6小节出现“And many echo the sentiment of one US soldier who recently marveled at Subic‟s pristine jungle and deep water port.”这句话语法结构略显复杂,词汇量要求略微大了一点,对于一些考生而言可能是难句,就在文章大部分都已读懂的情况下,这句话可以忽略,如果仔细钻研,做完五道题以后会发现先前的钻研纯粹浪费时间。
中口的文体多样,因此也不乏一些比较复杂的学术类问题,于是也有难句充斥其中,如02年3月第6篇: “If you can tolerate smelly feet, the public belief that you are only a corn cutter and, to quote one chiropodist, …the blue-rinsed matrons who believe that they can get away with putting size eight feet into size five winkle-pickers‟, this is one of the most attractive para-medical careers.”按照“抓主谓,舍从属”的原则,明显句子主句在“this is”之后,前面的条件状语从句以tolerate为谓语,统领三个宾语,分别是smelly feet, the public belief以及the blue-rinsed matrons,to quote one chiropodist是插入语,可以略去不看。
面对这样的问题,广泛的阅读积累是必不可少的。
高口是新闻文体,崇尚简明,不见太过复杂的句子,但是有些地道的英语表达和中国学生的预期可能产生语义上的差异,应多注意语义难句,如I couldn‟t care less.(我一点也不在乎)He is not so much a historian as a scientist.(与其说他是位历史学家,不如说他是位科学家)Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse. (没有任何一件是坏到不能再糟糕的地步了)。
再次,就行文而言,不同用途的文章,其写作手法和要求各不相同。
中口体裁广泛,其中学术类论证文章、广告类说明文章都是同学们所普遍熟悉的,而描写事情经过的或是两人关系的记叙文则是同学们所不熟悉的文学阅读,所幸的是近年来文学类阅读基本退出口译舞台,因此只有最后一种与高口共通的文体,即新闻阅读,分为两种:一种为硬新闻,直陈事态,一种为软新闻,以评论为主导。
其行文往往是倒金字塔形,重要信息都在前三段言明,后面结构松散,角度全面,没有结论,最后往往是他人的观点或者是一些零星的其他信息,对于如homosexuality, cloning, euthanasia, death penalty等有争议的新事物,往往持有中立态度。
(可参见郝斌《高级口译考试阅读文章的特点》一文)最后就是文化背景的问题了,在中高口中,文化背景占有很重的分量。
有人认为gre阅读和高口阅读相差无几,但是其实差异很大,gre阅读强调逻辑性,也就是说如果你对背景毫无了解,也能在文章中找到答案的直接对应;但是高口更强调背景知识,比如说考试中会问格莱美奖几年颁一次,或者Scotland yard是什么机构,这些在原文中都很难或者无法找到直接对应的答案。
口译阅读中充满了饱含文化意蕴的词汇,如在04年3月高级口译考到Catch-22和guinea pig的意义;有的一句句子就是要再西方文化背景下方能彻底领悟的,如在02年3月一篇讲心脏移植的文章中出现这样的句子:“Meanwhile, as the pains of perpetuity become more obvious, patients, healthcare providers, and legislators will all struggle with the same enigma.”其中讲到的永恒青春的痛苦其实是指女预言家Sybil的故事,01年9月一篇由普鲁斯特的《追忆似水年华》开篇的文章中出现:“they remain the holy grail for adman.”其中,圣杯器是来源于亚瑟王的圆桌骑士的故事;有的甚至关键的理解信息都是在文化中的,如01年3月第三篇讲给未成年罪犯匿名权的文章完全需要对英美判例法和大陆法的了解才能解决第15题。
那么面对口译考试要求的这样强大的文化背景,我们考生应该做何准备呢?依我看,在培训过程中会从单词切入,介绍美国、英国的各种行政法律制度及社会发展现状,但毕竟西方文化浩如烟海,总共25小时的课程也只能捡拾些微,因此文化的积累仍在日常的学习与生活中,经典文献《圣经》和《希腊神话》是西方文化的两大支柱,从中能获益不少,另外如《阿甘正传》包含了美国近五十年的发展历史和政界大事,《律政俏佳人》可以增强法律知识,一系列电影、电视剧以及经典作品都可以起到类似的作用。
最后,要对考生们说的是,不要迷信技巧和捷径,阅读中只有方法和经验,阅读的质量总是跟实力紧密联系在一起的,真正提高实力才是重中之重。
因此广泛的阅读外刊和英文读物是进步的关键,诸如New York Times, Economist都是阅读的上佳选择。
希望大家也能和我一样,经过中高级口译的培训及考试,经过阅读中含有的文化信息的指引,把英语学习或者是整个认识的方式推进了一个全新的境界。