解决非谓语动词的原则
初中英语中考复习 考点17 非谓语动词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 (解析版)
4.Mr, Green was so angry that he couldn’t help________(shout) at his wife.
5.We should avoid________(disturb) others.
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach,show,tell,learn,find out,decide,know,forget等。
13.He promised________(follow) the good suggestions.
14.If you have a chance________(study) here,you will learn more knowledge.
15.Learn the new while________(review) the old.
6r himself.
7.We must take strong measure________(protect)our environment.
8.I happened________(meet) one of my friends in the street yesterday.
考向三：分词
（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成
现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。
非谓语动词--七大原则
（四）分析时态 C ____ 1. The building ____now will be a restaurant . B ________ 2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant . D ________ 3. The building ______last year is a restaurant. A.having been built B.to be built
7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。
A.to take C. to be taken B. taking D. taken
（三）分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词
和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
Jane 1. “You can’t catch me !” Jane shouted, ______ away. A. run B. running C.to run D. ran 2. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
sitting
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致.
12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_____. （2006陕西卷） faced with A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John
非谓语动词题的八条经典原则(学生)
三步解非谓语动词遇到有关非谓语动词的单选题，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。
第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。
非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语；2).现在分词完成式不作定语。
1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。
其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。
例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us.2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North.3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment .4).Please show us how to do that.2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。
例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock.（“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.）2).He came here only to say good-bye to us.（不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号）3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic.（不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果）第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。
非谓语动词的五种确定思路
非谓语动词的五种确定思路
1、从句意或者语境出发。
通过分析句子的意思或搭配来确定非谓语动词的动词形式。
2、把动词的不同形式放到句子(片段)中，比较得出合适的形式。
3、了解非谓语动词的主语、谓语动词和时态三者之间的关系，该句要表达的意思，以及句子中包含的时态标志。
并根据这些信息来确定所需要用的动词形式。
4、排除法，既排除不合适的形式，剩下的是比较符合要求的。
5、从形容词或副词后面推导，通过较高、较低程度副词，我们可以推断出系动词后面接的非谓语形式是什么。
非谓语动词解题技巧
非谓语动词练习一．非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1. 辨别―谓与非谓‖1.）先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.）看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3.）看有没有连接词（引导词）。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语3. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用V ed形式。
4. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to havedone/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。
二．非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：1）在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.3.______hard , you will succeed in the exam.A. StudyB. T o studyC. S tudyingD. Studied2）在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made3）在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. T o work4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut5）在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
非谓语动词十大解题原则---学生版
非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法非常广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则，并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤（有提示词）形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”，即，句子不缺谓语的情况下，所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。
一、区分简单句与复合句，判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _____(close) my bookand walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake.4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us.5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have agood knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health.7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8.(spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress.9.(spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study.10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset.11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型：1. _________ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _________ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型：1. A great number of students _________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ (repair) first is the library.十大解题原则A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2．_________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldA. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedA．produced B．being producedC．to be produced D．having been produced例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downA. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedA. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedA. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let例22.How glad I am ___________ you!A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.A. don’t goB. to not goC. not goingD. not to go考点突破，真题演练单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
非谓语动词使用三原则
主动
被动
进行或 doing
being done
一般
完成 having done having been done
(3) -ed形式(-ed分词，过去分词)
done
非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词可以从时间关系、主 被动关系和动词句型(以及名词句型、 形容词句型、介词等)来考虑。时间 关系、主被动关系主要需要理解。各 种句型主要靠背诵。
非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时，一般 用-ing形式(doing)，
被动关系时一般用-ed形式(done)
3. 非谓语动词句型 很多时候，非谓语动词的形
式是由固定结构决定。这种固定 结构我们简称为非谓语动词句型。 这些句型主要涉及动词句型、名 词句型、形容词句型和介词
(1) 形容词句型。很多形容词一般跟不定 式，如:
非谓语动词使用三原则
动词 英语动词几乎可以做各种句子成分。
作谓语时叫谓语动词。
作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和 状语时叫非谓语动词。
也就是说，英语动词既可以做谓语， 也可以做非谓语。
做不同成分时形式不一样。谓语动词 有谓语动词的形式，非谓语有非谓语的形 式。
谓语动词 做谓语的动词就是谓语动词。谓语动词有时态和
easy/difficult/happy/sorry/surprised to do
sth (个别跟ing形式如be busy doing) (2) 名词句型。有一些名词专跟不定式
如: the ability/chance/opportunity/way
/urge to do
(3) 介词、疑问词、序数词 介词+doing, 如for coming, by riding,
1. 时间关系 三种非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间 有不同的先后关系。也就是把谓语动词发生的时间 作为参照物，看看非谓语动词是发生在谓语动词之 前、之后，还是同时。
非谓语解题三步法
非谓语解题三步法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语句子中，非谓语动词可以担任不同的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
解决非谓语问题，可以遵循以下三个步骤：一、识别非谓语动词在句子中，首先需要识别非谓语动词。
非谓语动词通常会以动词不定式、动名词或分词的形式出现。
需要注意的是，非谓语动词不能担任谓语成分，因此需要判断其前面的词语是否为名词或代词，以确定是否为非谓语动词。
二、分析句子结构在识别非谓语动词后，需要分析句子的结构。
非谓语动词可以担任多种成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词担任的成分。
例如：1. To go to the party was a great decision.（动词不定式作主语）2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.（动名词作主语）3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.（动名词作宾语）4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.（动词不定式作主语和宾语）5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.（现在分词作状语）三、确定非谓语动词的形式在确定非谓语动词的成分后，需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词的形式。
非谓语动词的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
需要根据非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用来确定其形式。
例如：1. To go to the party was a great decision.（动词不定式作主语，表示将来的动作）2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.（动名词作主语，表示一般的动作）3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.（动名词作宾语，表示一般的动作）4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.（动词不定式作主语和宾语，表示将来的动作）5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.（现在分词作状语，表示主动关系）。
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解决非谓语动词的原则非谓语动词的实用解题原则为了大家更好的学习和复习，边肖整理了非谓语动词的实用解题原则，供大家参考。
非谓语动词主要包括to、do、ing和-ed，但用法非常广泛。
它不仅是高考选择题中的* *题，也是完形填空、阅读理解和短文改错的重要考试内容。
为了更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学实践中总结了十条实用的解题原则，并结合相关话题对这些原则进行了讲解。
根据这些原则，我相信学生可以很容易地处理非谓语动词。
原则1。
两个句子必须用连词连接。
如果没有连词，就需要非谓语动词。
1._ ____次，但他还是听不懂。
A.他被告知，尽管他被告知例2。
很多次，他还是不明白。
A.他已经被告知了分析：例1中有连词但有连接，表示前后都有句子，所以答案是c。
例二，后面有句，没有连词，所以前面不是句，应该用非谓语动词。
根据句子的意思，这里是被动的，所以答案是a。
原则二。
不及物动词是没有-ed形式的非谓语动词。
及物动词有宾语时用-ing，无宾语时用-ed形式。
例3。
在山里呆了一个星期，这两个学生终于被当地警察救了出来。
A.失去了b .失去了c .失去了d .失去了分析：lose是及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以是-ed的形式，答案是b。
例4。
_ ____，我真的认为我现在不想做任何改变。
A.考虑所有的可能性C.考虑所有的可能性分析：放。
考虑到传入结构是考虑到某物，现在有一个对象所有的可能性都在考虑之后，所以我们用-ing，答案是b。
第三，做的原则是指“正在做”，一般不作状语，只作定语。
那个。
非谓语动词完成或已经完成的完成式强调这个动作发生在句子中谓语动词之前。
例5。
_ _为了通过电话联系他们，我们发送了一封电子邮件。
A.失败，失败分析：根据意思是“我们没打电话就给他们发了邮件”的句子，打电话失败应该发生在发邮件之前，所以我们用have done，答案是d。
例6。
蒂姆贝默斯-李通常被认为是万维网，所有的信息都在上面共享。
A.建立，创立分析：根据句子意思，Tim Bemers-Lee创造的万维网应该是过去式，不定式应该是经过考虑之后才使用，所以to done应该用，答案是a。
原则4。
当非谓语动词用作定语时，它的意思是-将来要做的事情和-进行中的事情，这意味着-ed已经完成。
例7。
下个月的戏剧主要是为了反映当地文化。
正在生产将要生产的分析：根据这个问题中的下个月时间状语，我们知道这个剧下个月就要创作了，未来应该用表来做，所以答案是c。
例8。
暴风雨中的树木被移走了。
A.被吹倒了分析：根据句子意思“被暴风雨吹倒的树已经从路上移走了”，被吹倒的树是过去已经完成的动作，表格是以-ed的形式完成的，所以答案是b。
原则5。
介词后面跟v ing，逻辑主语可以加在v ing之前。
9.这个发现of new evidence led to ______________.A. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught解析：本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。
例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。
原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11. ___________ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedC. Being examinedD. Having been examined解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。
原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared解析：“和。
相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。
例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为C。
原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。
其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例15. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。
例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。
例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C。
例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons 是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。
根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。
原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语(表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式)。
另外，某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例19._____, you need to give all you have and try your best.A Being a winnerB To be a winnerC Be a winnerD Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽*大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。
例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told解析：本句句意为“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。
例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。
例22.How glad I am ___________ you!A. seeingB. to seeC. sawD. having seen解析：本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为B。
原则十、非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式例23______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized解析：本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为C。
例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答案为B。